Relevant bibliographies by topics / Localized and distributed loading

Academic literature on the topic 'Localized and distributed loading'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Localized and distributed loading"

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Fazzolari, Fiorenzo A., and Puxue Tan. "A Linearised Hybrid FE-SEA Method for Nonlinear Dynamic Systems Excited by Random and Harmonic Loadings." Vibration 3, no. 3 (September 17, 2020): 304–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vibration3030021.

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The present paper proposes a linearised hybrid finite element-statistical energy analysis (FE-SEA) formulation for built-up systems with nonlinear joints and excited by random, as well as harmonic, loadings. The new formulation was validated via an ad-hoc developed stochastic benchmark model. The latter was derived through the combination of the Lagrange-Rayleigh-Ritz method (LRRM) and the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). Within the build-up plate systems, each plate component was modelled by using the classical Kirchhoff’s thin-plate theory. The linearisation processes were carried out according to the loading-type. In the case of random loading, the statistical linearisation (SL) was employed, while, in the case of harmonic loading, the method of harmonic balance (MHB) was used. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid FE-SEA formulation, three different case studies, made-up of built-up systems with localized cubic nonlinearities, were considered. Both translational and torsional springs, as joint components, were employed. Four different types of loadings were taken into account: harmonic/random point and distributed loadings. The response of the dynamic systems was investigated in terms of ensemble average of the time-averaged energy.
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Talone, Candida, Radoslav Sovják, Michal Mára, and Jindřich Fornůsek. "Post-impact flexural capacity of UHPFRC plates." MATEC Web of Conferences 352 (2021): 00006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202135200006.

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This work aims to demonstrate the effective use of fibre reinforcement in thin plate elements made of UHPFRC under projectile impact loading. The use of fibre reinforcement is very efficient in case of ballistic loading, as fibres are evenly distributed over the entire volume of the material body and possible damage to the plate is thus suppressed in all points of the plate element equally. The aim of this study is therefore to provide data on the residual flexural capacity of plates that have been significantly damaged by the impact of the projectile and to demonstrate the benefits of using fibre reinforcement for localized impact loading.
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Liu, Sufan, and Bo Li. "Design of 3D-printed metal micro-truss porous configurations with geometric inhomogeneity." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2383, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2383/1/012026.

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The metal micro-truss porous structures demonstrate industrial application values in lightweight, high specific strength, impact resistance and energy absorption. 3D printing brings a feasible path to design and directly fabricate metal micro-truss parts. Spatially geometrically uniformly distributed and unit-symmetrically arrayed porous structures still need to further improve the structural performance. This work studies the design principles and several design cases of geometrically non-uniform micro-truss porous structures via metal 3D printing method. The high-stress localized micro-regions are filled with denser and more reinforced micro-truss cell arrays that conform to the main loading direction of localized stress.
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Chiu, Yi-Jui, Sheng-Rui Jian, Ti-Ju Liu, Phuoc Le, and Jenh-Yih Juang. "Localized Deformation and Fracture Behaviors in InP Single Crystals by Indentation." Micromachines 9, no. 12 (November 22, 2018): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9120611.

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The indentation-induced deformation mechanisms in InP(100) single crystals were investigated by using nanoindentation and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) techniques. The results indicated that there were multiple “pop-in” events randomly distributed in the loading curves, which were conceived to arise primarily from the dislocation nucleation and propagation activities. An energetic estimation on the number of nanoindentation-induced dislocations associated with pop-in effects is discussed. Furthermore, the fracture patterns were performed by Vickers indentation. The fracture toughness and the fracture energy of InP(100) single crystals were calculated to be around 1.2 MPa·m1/2 and 14.1 J/m2, respectively.
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Ma, Shao Peng, Lai Gui Wang, and Guan Chang Jin. "Damage Evolution Inspection of Rock Using Digital Speckle Correlation Method (DSCM)." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1117.

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In order to evaluate the damage evolution of rock under external loading, the surface deformation field of a rectangle marble specimen is inspected and analyzed using digital speckle correlation method (DSCM). Experimental results show that the damage evolution of rock undergoes 3 stages: they are uniformly distributed damage, localized damage and catastrophic failure stage. A statistic indicator, standard deviation of the strain field, can be used to quantitatively express the damage localization level.
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ZHAO, GUIPING, SANG-KYO LEE, and CHONGDU CHO. "EFFECT OF COMPRESSIVE RESIDUAL STRESS INDUCED DURING FABRICATING PROCESS IN THE CORE OF CLAMPED SANDWICH PLATE UNDER SHOCK LOADING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 09n11 (April 30, 2008): 1195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208046530.

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Sandwich panels can be manufactured in many ways like lamination press, closed mold fabrication, and vacuum bag compaction. During manufacturing, the core and the sheets are attached under certain applied pressure and temperature, associated with a deformation and stress remaining in the sandwich core. This study presents an evaluation of the compressive residual stress effect of the core which occurs during the localized shock loading at the mid-span of a clamped sandwich plate. We simulate such a square lattice core sandwich plate by commercial finite element code, ABAQUS/Explicit. We apply uniform distributed loading on upper face sheet and temperature difference occurred during the manufacturing process is taken here before the impact simulation step. These loadings induce certain amount of residual stresses in core structure of sandwich panel. The computational result from non-residual stress case is verified by comparing with the results of published experimental data on similar investigation. In addition, the effect of existing residual stress at core is analyzed. We also compare the dynamic responses of two clamped sandwich plates with and without pre-stressed core. And impact resistance of sandwich panel is explained in the view of energy capacity. Results show that the shock loading behavior of sandwich panel depends on its manufacturing process and panels with compressive residual stresses have less deformation and high impact energy absorption characteristics.
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Xu, Y. G., W. Tiu, and Y. Z. Xu. "Numerical Simulation of Crack Tip Behavior under Fatigue Loading." Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (November 2012): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.517.

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Fatigue damage is a localized phenomenon controlled by the near-tip crack behavior. This paper presents an application of a dislocation distribution technique to the simulation of crack tip behavior under fatigue loading. A centre-cracked tension specimen under uni-axial fatigue loading is used in the study. Crack opening and plastic deformation around the crack tip are simulated by distributions of dislocation dipoles in crack plane and four inclined planes ahead of the crack tip. Climb dislocation dipole is used to model the opening and closing of the crack while glide dislocation dipole is used to simulate the backward and forward slip in the inclined planes during loading and unloading of the fatigue cycle. Stress field around the crack tip is obtained by the superposition of the contributions of the applied external load and the distributed dislocation dipoles. Correct boundary conditions of the model are achieved by employing a quadratic programming technique to minimize a properly constructed non-negative object function. It is found that the simulated crack closure variations under the constant amplitude fatigue load agree well with the result of a previously developed modified strip yield model with an appropriate constraint factor.
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Carrera, Erasmo, and Gaetano Giunta. "Hierarchical models for failure analysis of plates bent by distributed and localized transverse loadings." Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A 9, no. 5 (May 2008): 600–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.a072110.

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Bailey, R. T., M. Ahmadi, T. K. Gates, and M. Arabi. "Spatially-distributed influence of agro-environmental factors governing nitrate fate and transport in an irrigated stream-aquifer system." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 2 (February 4, 2015): 1653–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-1653-2015.

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Abstract. Elevated levels of nitrate (NO3) in groundwater systems pose a serious risk to human populations and natural ecosystems. As part of an effort to remediate NO3 contamination in irrigated stream-aquifer systems, this study elucidates agricultural and environmental parameters and processes that govern NO3 fate and transport at the regional (500 km2), local (50 km2), and field scales (< 1 km2). Specifically, the revised Morris sensitivity analysis method was applied to a finite-difference nitrogen cycling and reactive transport model of a regional-scale study site in the Lower Arkansas River Valley in southeastern Colorado. The method was used to rank the influence of anthropogenic activities and natural chemical processes on NO3 groundwater concentration, NO3 mass leaching, and NO3 mass loading to the Arkansas River from the aquifer. Sensitivity indices were computed for the entire study area in aggregate as well as each canal command area, crop type, and individual grid cells. Results suggest that fertilizer loading, crop uptake, and heterotrophic denitrification govern NO3 fate and transport for the majority of the study area, while canal NO3 concentration and rates of autotrophic denitrification, nitrification, and humus decomposition dominate or partially dominate in several canal command areas. Also, NO3 leaching and groundwater concentration in adjacent cultivated fields often are governed by different processes and mass inputs/outputs. Results can be used to determine critical processes and key management actions for future data collection and remediation strategies, with efforts able to be focused on localized areas.
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Toribio, Jesús, Miguel Lorenzo, and Leticia Aguado. "Innovative Design of Residual Stress and Strain Distributions for Analyzing the Hydrogen Embrittlement Phenomenon in Metallic Materials." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 9063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15249063.

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Round-notched samples are commonly used for testing the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of metallic materials. Hydrogen diffusion is influenced by the stress and strain states generated during testing. This state causes hydrogen-assisted micro-damage leading to failure that is due to HE. In this study, it is assumed that hydrogen diffusion can be controlled by modifying such residual stress and strain fields. Thus, the selection of the notch geometry to be used in the experiments becomes a key task. In this paper, different HE behaviors are analyzed in terms of the stress and strain fields obtained under diverse loading conditions (un-preloaded and preloaded causing residual stress and strains) in different notch geometries (shallow notches and deep notches). To achieve this goal, two uncoupled finite element (FE) simulations were carried out: (i) a simulation by FE of the loading sequences applied in the notched geometries for revealing the stress and strain states and (ii) a simulation of hydrogen diffusion assisted by stress and strain, for estimating the hydrogen distributions. According to results, hydrogen accumulation in shallow notches is heavily localized close to the wire surface, whereas for deep notches, hydrogen is more uniformly distributed. The residual stress and plastic strains generated by the applied preload localize maximum hydrogen concentration at deeper points than un-preloaded cases. As results, four different scenarios are established for estimating “a la carte” the HE susceptibility of pearlitic steels just combining two notch depths and the residual stress and strain caused by a preload.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Localized and distributed loading"

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Jeffrey, Holly K. "Response of grooved composites to transversely distributed and localized spherical contact loadings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63040.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-135).
The response of a grooved composite specimen to two contact loading situations is studied; load applied via a transversely oriented cylindrical indenter and via a localized spherical ball-ended indenter. The philosophy of the Building Block Approach is used to develop these tests in the current study in that the cylindrical indenter creates a "two-dimensional loading" (transversely distributed) case, and the spherical indenter adds complexity to the system and creates a "three-dimensional loading" (localized spherical) case. The final failure and initial permanent deformation, in the form of crushing, is investigated, along with the effect of laminate configurations and ply angles. The is done by using the two indenters, six different laminates, and two types of tests to study the grooved composite specimens, 1 inch wide by 2 inches long, of 78 to 80 plies. This work uses a specimen configuration and testing technique developed in previous work. A computed microtomography technique is used to examine select specimens to ascertain the extent of the internal damage. Specimens subjected to the "two-dimensional loading" case exhibit four Behavior Types of the load-stroke response. Several aspects of the response are used to characterize the Behavior Types, including initial linear regions, knee loads, reverse knee loads, second linear regions, and changes in slopes. The responses of the two loading cases indicate that the details of the laminate play a significant role in the load-stroke response for the "two-dimensional loading" case, whereas the details of the loading play a more significant role for the "three-dimensional loading" where only one type of load-stroke behavior is generally displayed. In the "three-dimensional loading" case, significant crushing occurs which is not seen in the "two-dimensional loading" case. This is visible due to the localized loading for the "three-dimensional loading" case, and impacts the overall load-stroke response. The 900 plies, in addition to the "mesh" created by the ply angles in the laminate, and the "ply angle mismatch" within a laminate, affect the ability of the laminate to resist indentation and the load-stroke response. Recommendations for further work are presented.
by Holly K. Jeffrey.
S.M.
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Mack, Moritz. "Loading and Querying Data on Distributed Virtualized Web Application Servers." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Information Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-108039.

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Virtualized web application servers within computational clouds, such as the GoogleApp Engine, generally restrict resource usage and therefore provide limited,relationally none-complete query facilities only. This work investigates how scalable,reliable and a more powerful access to the App Engine Datastore can beaccomplished and an Optimized Distributed Datastore Exchange (ODDSE) ispresented. Being aware of the App Engine’s resource restrictions ODDSE provides areliable and failure safe query interface to transparently exchange data with thedistributed Datastore using full SQL or AmosQL. ODDSE therefore wraps Datastorerelations and utilizes the extensible database system Amos II to compensate formissing query facilities in Google’s relationally none-complete query language GQL.Under the covers ODDSE furthermore implements an adaptive and reliablemanagement of interactions with App Engine servers. For scalability and highperformance the interaction is parallelized and continuously adapted. Theperformance of ODDSE is evaluated and compared to a similar system showing itsconsiderably good results for both bulk uploading and query processing.

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Carlo, Gilles. "Dynamic loading and class management in a distributed actor system." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04272010-020040/.

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Yu, Haoxiang. "A Comprehensive System for Dynamic and Distributed Taxi Ride-Sharing via Localized Communication." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1619182334243885.

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Izquierdo-Roman, Alondra. "Localized Mechanical Compression as a Technique for the Modification of Biological Tissue Optical Properties." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76856.

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Tissue optical clearing aims to increase the penetration depth of near-collimated light in biological tissue to enhance optical diagnostic, therapeutic, and cosmetic procedures. Previous studies have shown the effects of chemical optical clearing on tissue optical properties. Drawbacks associated with chemical clearing include the introduction of potentially toxic exogenous chemicals into the tissue, poor site targeting, as well as slow transport of the chemicals through tissue. Thus, alternative clearing methods have been investigated. Mechanical compression is one such alternative tissue optical clearing technique. The mechanisms of action of mechanical compression may be similar to those of chemical clearing, though they have yet to be investigated systematically. This research describes the design and execution of a number of procedures useful for the quantification of the tissue optical clearing effects of localized mechanical compression. The first experimental chapter presents the effects of compression on image resolution and contrast of a target imaged through ex vivo biological tissue. It was found that mechanical optical clearing allowed recovery of smaller targets at higher contrast sensitivity when compared to chemical clearing. Also, thickness-independent tissue clearing effects were observed. In the second experimental chapter, dynamic changes in tissue optical properties, namely scattering and absorption coefficients (?s' and ?a, respectively) were monitored during a controlled compression protocol using different indentation geometries. A reduction in ?s' and ?a was evident for all indentation geometries, with greater changes occurring with smaller surface area. Results indicate that localized mechanical compression may be harnessed as a minimally-invasive tissue optical clearing technique.
Master of Science
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Gallagher, Chad Taylor. "Acoustic Response Validation of a Finite Cylindrical Shell with Multiple Loading Conditions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83761.

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Cylindrical shells are used for a variety of engineering applications such as undersea vehicles and aircraft. The models currently used to determine the vibration characteristics of these shells are often approximated by assuming the shell is infinitely long or has shear-diaphragm boundary conditions. These models also ignore complex loading conditions such as plane waves in favor of point forces or free vibration models. This work expands on the capabilities of these models by examining the acoustic response of a finite length cylinder with flat plate endcaps to multiple types of distributed loading conditions. Starting with the Donnell equations of motion for thin cylinders and the classical plate theory equations of motion for the endcaps, spacial domain displacement field solutions for the shell and plates take an assumed form that includes unknown wave propagation coefficients. These solutions are substituted into stress boundary conditions and continuity equations evaluated at the intersections between the shell and plates. An infinite summation is contained within the boundary conditions and continuity equations which is decoupled, truncated, and compiled in matrix form to allow for the propagation coefficients to be found via a convergent sum of vectors. System responses due to a ring loading and multiple cases of plane waves are studied and validated using a finite element analysis of the system. It is shown that the analytical model matches the finite element model well.
Master of Science
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Saloustros, Savvas. "Tracking localized cracks in the computational analysis of masonry structures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461714.

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Numerical methods aid significantly the engineering efforts towards the conservation of existing masonry structures and the design of new ones. Among them, macro-mechanical finite element methods based on the smeared crack approach are commonly preferred as an affordable choice for the analysis of large masonry structures. Nevertheless, they usu-ally result in a non-realistic representation of damage as smeared over large areas of the structure, which hampers the correct interpretation of the damage pattern. Additionally, a more critical pathology of this approach is the mesh-dependency, which influences nota-bly the safety and stability predictions. To overcome these limitations, this thesis proposes a novel computational tool based on the {enrichment} of the classical smeared crack approach with a local tracking algorithm. The objective of this localized damage model is the realistic and efficient non-linear anal-ysis of masonry structures with an enhanced representation of cracking. The non-linear behaviour of masonry is simulated through the adoption of a continuum damage mechanics model with two damage indices, allowing the differentiation between the tensile and compressive mechanical responses of masonry. In this context, a novel explicit formulation for the evolution of irreversible strains is proposed and implemented. Two new expressions are derived for the regularization of the tensile and compressive softening responses according to the crack-band approach, ensuring the mesh-size objec-tivity of the damage model. The simulation of the structural behaviour of masonry structures under versatile loading and boundary conditions necessitates some developments in the context of local tracking algorithms. To this end, this thesis presents the enhancement of local tracking algorithms with novel procedures that make possible the simulation of multiple, arbitrary and inter-secting cracking under monotonic and cyclic loading. Additionally, the effect of different crack propagation criteria is investigated and the selection among more than one potential failure planes is tackled. The proposed localized damage model is validated through the simulation of a series of structural examples. These vary from small-scale tests on concrete specimens with few dominant cracks, to medium and large-scale masonry structures with multiple tensile, shear and flexural cracking. The analyses are compared with analytical, experimental and numerical results obtained with alternative methods available in the literature. Overall, the localized damage model developed in this thesis largely improves the mesh-independency of the classical smeared crack approach and reproduces crack patterns and collapse mech-anisms in an efficient and realistic way.
Los métodos numéricos son decisivos en la ingeniería para la conservación de estructuras de mampostería existentes y el diseño de estructuras nuevas. Entre ellos, los métodos macro-mecánicos de elementos finitos, basados en el concepto de fisuras distribuidas, son habitualmente los preferidos como opción asequible para el análisis de grandes estructuras de mampostería. Sin embargo, suelen resultar en a una representación poco realista del daño, distribuido en grandes áreas de la estructura, lo que impide la correcta interpretación del patrón de daño. Además, esta metodología presenta una patología más crítica, la dependencia de la malla, que influye notablemente en las predicciones de seguridad y estabilidad. Para superar estas limitaciones, esta tesis propone una nueva herramienta numérica basada en el enriquecimiento del clásico enfoque de fisuras distribuidas con un algoritmo de trazado local. El objetivo de este modelo de daño localizado es el análisis no-lineal de las estructuras de mampostería de manera realista y eficiente con una representación mejora-da de fisuras. El comportamiento no lineal de la mampostería se simula a través de la adopción de un modelo de mecánica de daño continuo con dos índices de daño, permitiendo la diferenciación entre las respuestas mecánicas de tensión y compresión de la mampostería. En este contexto, se propone e implementa una nueva formulación explícita para la evolución de deformaciones irreversibles. Se derivan dos nuevas expresiones para la regularización del ablandamiento de tracción y compresión según el ancho de banda de la fisura, garantizan-do la objetividad del modelo de daño al respecto del tamaño de la malla. La simulación del comportamiento estructural de las estructuras de mampostería en condiciones de carga y contorno generales precisa de algunos desarrollos en el contexto de los algoritmos locales de trazado. Con este objetivo, se presenta la mejora de los algoritmos locales de trazado con nuevos procedimientos que posibilitan la simulación de fisuración múltiple, arbitraria e secante bajo cargas monótonas y cíclicas. Además, se investiga el efecto de diferentes criterios de propagación de fisuras y se aborda la selección entre más de un plano de falla posible. El modelo de daño localizado propuesto se valida mediante la simulación de una serie de ejemplos estructurales. Éstos van desde pruebas a pequeña escala en probetas de hormigón, con pocas fisuras dominantes, hasta estructuras de mampostería de mediana y gran escala con fisuración múltiple de tracción, de cortante y de flexión. Los análisis se comparan con los resultados analíticos, experimentales y numéricos obtenidos con métodos alternativos disponibles en la literatura. El modelo de daño localizado mejora en gran medida la independencia de la malla del clásico método de fisuras distribuidas y reproduce patrones de daño y mecanismos de colapso de una manera eficiente y realista
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Liu, Yuan. "Studies on Designing Distributed and Cooperative Systems for Solving Constraint Satisfaction Problems of Container Loading." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/57262.

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Vu, Chinh Trung. "An Energy-Efficient Distributed Algorithm for k-Coverage Problem in Wireless Sensor Networks." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cs_theses/40.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have recently achieved a great deal of attention due to its numerous attractive applications in many different fields. Sensors and WSNs possesses a number of special characteristics that make them very promising in many applications, but also put on them lots of constraints that make issues in sensor network particularly difficult. These issues may include topology control, routing, coverage, security, and data management. In this thesis, we focus our attention on the coverage problem. Firstly, we define the Sensor Energy-efficient Scheduling for k-coverage (SESK) problem. We then solve it by proposing a novel, completely localized and distributed scheduling approach, naming Distributed Energy-efficient Scheduling for k-coverage (DESK) such that the energy consumption among all the sensors is balanced, and the network lifetime is maximized while still satisfying the k-coverage requirement. Finally, in related work section we conduct an extensive survey of the existing work in literature that focuses on with the coverage problem.
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Mokhtari, Ghassem. "Smart resource control in distribution network to improve the integration level of PV." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/72235/1/Ghassem_Mokhtari_Thesis.pdf.

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This project was an innovative approach in developing smart coordination of available energy resources to improve the integration level of PV in distribution network. Voltage and loading issues are considered as the main concerns for future electricity grid which need to be avoided using such resources. A distributed control structure was proposed for the resources in distribution network to avoid noted power quality issues.
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Books on the topic "Localized and distributed loading"

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Valis, Tomas. Localized and distributed fiber-optic strain sensors embedded in composite materials. [Downsview, Ont.]: University of Toronto, 1991.

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Valis, Tomas. Localized and distributed fiber-optic strain sensors embedded in composite materials. [Downsview, Ont.]: Institute for Aerospace Studies, University of Toronto, 1992.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Localized and distributed boundary-layer receptivity to convected unsteady wake in free stream. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.

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Thomas, Basso, California Energy Commission. Public Interest Energy Research., Northern Power Systems Inc, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University., and National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Modeling and testing of unbalanced loading and voltage regulation: PIER final project report. [Sacramento, Calif.]: California Energy Commission, 2009.

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Thomas, Basso, California Energy Commission. Public Interest Energy Research., Northern Power Systems Inc, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University., and National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Modeling and testing of unbalanced loading and voltage regulation: PIER final project report. [Sacramento, Calif.]: California Energy Commission, 2009.

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Valis, Tomas *. Localized and distributed fiber-optic strain sensors embedded in composite materials. 1991.

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Application of the mobility power flow approach to structural response from distributed loading. [Boca Raton]: Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, Center for Acoustics and Vibrations, 1988.

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Mobility power flow analysis of an L-shaped plate structure subjected to distributed loading. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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Hodges, John R. Testing Cognitive Function at the Bedside. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780192629760.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 covers testing cognitive function at the bedside, and how the first part of the examination should assess distributed cognitive functions; deficits in these indicate damage to particular brain systems, but not to focal areas of one hemisphere. The second part of the assessment should deal with more localized functions, divided into those associated with the dominant (i.e. the left side, in right-handers) and non-dominant hemispheres.
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Comtet1, Alain, and Yves Tourigny2. Impurity models and products of random matrices. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797319.003.0011.

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This is an introduction to the theory of one-dimensional disordered systems and products of random matrices, confined to the 2×2 case. The notion of impurity model—that is, a system in which the interactions are highly localized—links the two themes and enables their study by elementary mathematical tools. After discussing the spectral theory of some impurity models, Furstenberg’s theorem is stated and illustrated, which gives sufficient conditions for the exponential growth of a product of independent, identically distributed matrices.
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Book chapters on the topic "Localized and distributed loading"

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Ugrimov, Sergey, Natalia Smetankina, and Vladislav Kobylnik. "Modeling the Response of Multilayer Glazing to Distributed and Localized Force Loading." In Advanced Structured Materials, 103–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75890-5_7.

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Agrawal, D., and A. Abbadi. "Localized-access protocols for replicated databases." In Distributed Algorithms, 245–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-54099-7_17.

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Babin, Anatoli, and Alexander Figotin. "Dipole Approximation for Localized Distributed Charges." In Neoclassical Theory of Electromagnetic Interactions, 101–5. London: Springer London, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7284-0_5.

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Mathews, Emi, and Hannes Frey. "A Localized Link Removal and Addition Based Planarization Algorithm." In Distributed Computing and Networking, 337–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25959-3_25.

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Chen, Arbee L. P. "A localized approach to distributed query processing." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 188–202. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0022171.

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Chung, Sung Woo, and Kevin Skadron. "A Novel Software Solution for Localized Thermal Problems." In Parallel and Distributed Processing and Applications, 63–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11946441_11.

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Dimitriou, Tassos, and Athanassios Giannetsos. "Wormholes No More? Localized Wormhole Detection and Prevention in Wireless Networks." In Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems, 334–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13651-1_24.

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Wu, Jie. "Localized Algorithms and Their Applications in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks." In Parallel and Distributed Processing and Applications, 1–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-37619-4_1.

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Schäfer, Andreas, Jürgen Olbricht, and Martin F. X. Wagner. "Monitoring Localized Deformation of Pseudoelastic NiTi Subjected to Uniaxial Loading." In ICOMAT, 537–42. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118803592.ch78.

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Perzyna, Piotr. "Micromechanics of Localized Fracture in Inelastic Solids under Dynamic Loading Processes." In IUTAM Symposium on Micromechanics of Plasticity and Damage of Multiphase Materials, 131–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1756-9_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Localized and distributed loading"

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Wheeler, Robert, Judy Santa-Cruz, Darren Hartl, and Dimitris Lagoudas. "Effect of Processing and Loading on Equiatomic NiTi Fatigue Life and Localized Failure Mechanisms." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3163.

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Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) have many promising applications in the aerospace, automotive, and energy industries. However, due to a lack of understanding of their actuation fatigue, applications are sometimes limited to non-structural or non-critical components. This paper addresses the actuation fatigue characteristics of a specific SMA, equiatomic Nickel-Titanium (NiTi), with varying heat treatments, as well as different methods for assessing actuation fatigue response, including improved testing procedures and distributed extension measurement methods. Heat treatments ranged from 350°C to 400°C for one to three hours. Dogbone specimens processed from heat treated NiTi sheets were mechanically loaded on test frames which provided resistive heating and forced convective cooling with dry air via vortex tubes. Two mechanical loading schemes were utilized: constant uniaxial load (initial stress of 200MPa) and a linear or spring load centered at 200MPa (and ranging from approximately 150MPa to 250MPa). Linear loading schemes were introduced in order to better simulate actuation in an aerospace application, such as the morphing of semi-rigid surfaces. Specimens were thermally cycled to full actuation with a time-based control scheme developed in LabVIEW. Fatigue responses varied widely as a result of different heat treatments and loading schemes. Due to the main failure mechanism being high localized extension (necking) for the constant loading schemes, additional hardware and software were developed to visually capture extension distribution over specimen length. By analyzing actuation characteristics (e.g. transformation strain) and fatigue mechanisms, the ideal post-processing for actuator applications was determined. Utilizing the local extension distribution evolution over the fatigue life of NiTi specimens as well as postmortem analysis of the failure surfaces allowed for the failure modes to be determined for each heat treatment.
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Wan, Li, Wei-ming Tao, Xin-xin Wu, and Shu-yan He. "The Influence of Initial Geometric Imperfection on the Localized Buckling of Pressure Vessel Under Internal Pressure." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49397.

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Pressure vessels are widely used in nuclear engineering and buckling is a common mechanical phenomenon in structure. The buckling problem of pressure vessels under external pressure has been researched for many years. This paper focuses on the influence of initial geometric imperfection on the localized elastic-plastic buckling of pressure vessel under internal pressure. The localized plastic buckling occurred in the transition region in the torispherical end closure of a pressure vessel is analyzed by FEM. By introducing two types of initial geometrical imperfections, the arc-length method of modified Riks/Ramm procedure is performed to simulate the buckling process during loading. The first type of imperfection is displacement, into the region where it is circumferentially compressed. The second type of imperfection is the irregular thickness of the vessel, also into the region where it is circumferentially compressed. The initial critical point is captured within the buckled region, and the corresponding initial buckling load is calculated. The results show that both artificial geometric imperfections can seduce the buckling. Furthermore, after the first buckling initiated, the succeeding loading will lead to more wrinkles within the compressive transition region. And then the case that with two distributed imperfections is also analyzed. It can be seen that the interaction between the imperfections is very weak before or even after the first buckling occurred, which means the buckling is fairly localized.
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Chen, Boyang, Simon Jones, and Matt Riley. "Stochastic Finite Element Modeling of Laminated Fiber-Reinforced Composite Beams Under Transverse Loading." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69851.

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Abstract It is common in analytic fiber-reinforced composite theory to assume uniformly distributed material properties across the fiber direction to minimize computational expense. However, manufacturing processes introduce imperfections during the construction of composite materials, such as localized delamination, non-uniform distribution in matrix and fibers, pre-existing stress, and tolerance issues [1]. These imperfections make it more difficult to predict the behavior of composite materials under loading. As a result, manufacturers and designers must use conservative estimates of material strength. This study aims to quantify the uncertainty in laminated fiber-reinforced composite beams subjected to cantilever loads on a macroscopic scale and to provide an all-inclusive introduction to stochastic composite modeling using the finite element method. This introduction is intended for upper undergraduates or new graduate students how are already familiar with structural mechanics and the finite element method. The goal of the paper is to introduce the key topics related to stochastic composite modeling and have validation material with which they can develop and verify custom finite element code. The system investigated herein is a composite cantilever beam subjected to a transverse tip displacement. Classical Lamination Theory (CLT) is first employed to predict the transverse tip displacement of a beam composed of four lamina at adjustable fiber orientations. A finite element model is then created using a CLT approach to simulate the composite beam’s deformation under tip loading. The Euler-Bernoulli beam elements contain two nodes with two degrees of freedom each: transverse deflection and rotation. These elements are relatively simplistic relative to other composite finite elements, but are sufficient to demonstrate the effect of stochastic material property variation on the overall response of the beam without obfuscating the approach. The finite element results are validated against the analytic predictions for multiple fiber direction layups to ensure the numerical predictions are accurate. The stochastic approach for varying material properties is then added to the validated finite element code. A Karhunen–Loève expansion of a modified exponential kernel is used to produce spatially-varying elastic modulus profiles for each lamina in the composite beam. The predicted tip displacement for the beam with varying properties is computed, and then CLT is used to determine the effective uniform elastic modulus that is required to produce the same tip displacement. This comparison allows the reader to quantify the impact of the spatially varying properties to a single design property: the effective flexural modulus. A Monte Carlo simulation of 1000 composite beams is then used to determine the statistical distribution of the effective flexural modula. Results suggest that the “averaging effect” of bonding multiple laminas with varying material properties together into composite beams produces effective flexural modula for the beams that do not vary as significantly as the laminas’ elastic modula. Standard deviations of the effective flexural modula are found to be an order of magnitude smaller than that of the variation imposed on the laminas’ elastic modulus.
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Rapp, Christopher T., J. Riley Edwards, Marcus S. Dersch, Christopher P. L. Barkan, Jose Mediavilla, and Brent M. Wilson. "Measuring Concrete Crosstie Rail Seat Pressure Distribution With Matrix Based Tactile Surface Sensors." In 2012 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2012-74092.

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A sustained increase in gross rail loads and cumulative freight tonnages, as well as increased interest in high and higher-speed passenger rail development in the United States, is placing an increasing demand on railway infrastructure. According to a railway industry survey conducted by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), rail seat deterioration (RSD) was identified as one of the primary factors limiting concrete crosstie service life. Therefore, it can be seen that there is a need for infrastructure components with increased strength, durability, and ability to maintain the tighter geometric track tolerances under demanding loading conditions. Researchers have hypothesized that localized crushing of the concrete rail seat is one of five potential mechanisms that contribute to RSD. Therefore, to better understand this mechanism, UIUC is utilizing a matrix based tactile surface sensor (MBTSS) to quantify the forces acting at the interface between the bottom of the rail pad and the concrete tie rail seat. The MBTSS measures the forces and distribution of pressure as a load is applied to the rail seat. Preliminary laboratory testing has shown that higher modulus rail pads distribute forces poorer than lower modulus rail pads, leading to localized areas with high contact pressure and a higher probability of crushing. Testing has also shown that as the lateral/vertical (L/V) force ratio increases, the pressure on the field side of the rail seat also increases, possibly accelerating RSD. The objective of future field testing is to be able to validate the assumptions made from this preliminary laboratory data. Data collected and analyzed throughout this research project will provide valuable insight into developing future concrete crosstie and fastening system component designs that meet the operational and loading demands of high speed rail and joint passenger/freight corridors.
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Sadeghnejad, Soroush, Mojtaba Sadighi, and Abdolreza Ohadi Hamedani. "An Extended Higher-Order Free Vibration Analysis of Composite Sandwich Beam With Viscoelastic Core." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82686.

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Free vibration analysis of sandwich beam with a viscoelastic core based on the extended high-order sandwich panel theory approach is presented. The effects of transverse shear and core compressibility are of high importance in sandwich structures, having an influence on the entire structural behavior especially in vibrations. For applications involving stiffer cores, the high-order sandwich panel theory (HSAPT) cannot accurately predict the shear and axial stress distributions in the core. Thus, by using the “Extended High-Order Sandwich Panel Theory” (EHSAPT), the in-plane rigidity of the core is considered in addition to the compressibility of the core in the transverse direction. The novelty of this theory is that it allows for three generalized coordinates in the core (the axial and transverse displacements at the centroid of the core, and the rotation at the centroid of the core) instead of just one (mid-point transverse displacement) commonly adopted in other available theories. The mathematical formulation uses the Hamilton principle and includes derivation of the governing equations along with the appropriate boundary conditions. The formulation uses the classical thin plate theory for the face sheets and a two-dimensional elasticity theory or equivalent one for the core. In addition, Young modulus, rotational inertia, and kinetic energy of the core are considered and core is assumed as an orthotropic viscoelastic material. The analysis is applicable for any types of loading scheme, localized as well as distributed, and distinguish between loads applied at the upper or the lower face. The obtained results are compared with recent research published by the present authors which was done numerically by using FEM on viscoelastic sandwich beam and the corresponding results of other previous researches. The influence of material properties, face layup and geometry effect on natural frequencies of composite sandwich beams are investigated.
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Sokovikov, M., V. Chudinov, V. Oborin, S. Uvarov, and O. Naimark. "Investigation of localized plastic shear mechanisms under dynamic loading." In MECHANICS, RESOURCE AND DIAGNOSTICS OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES (MRDMS-2018): Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Mechanics, Resource and Diagnostics of Materials and Structures. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5084429.

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Li, Xuyang, Talal Salem, Hamed Bolandi, Vishnu Boddeti, and Nizar Lajnef. "Methods for the Rapid Detection of Boundary Condition Variations in Structural Systems." In ASME 2022 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2022-90377.

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Abstract This study proposes a novel anomaly detection approach focusing on structural components which do not have a baseline model and with complex boundary conditions that cannot be built into a finite element or a digital twin model. The approach uses only sensor collected compressed response distribution data to detect and localize changes in boundary conditions under extreme loading events. The developed methods use unsupervised anomaly detection networks combined with novel data compression algorithms. The deep network collects training data from real direct measured responses of the structural system over time to build a model and then computes the reconstruction errors and identifies anomalies. A simplified gusset plate under variable clamped-clamped boundary conditions is used in this study as preliminary proof-of-concept. In this work, anomalies are induced by changing the connection conditions (boundary conditions) of the gusset plate (e.g. bolts loosening). This study improved the deep learning network performance by incorporating mechanics-based loss functions into the network, fed with experimental data obtained from the distributed sensors installed on the structural element. Results show that the mechanics-based modified loss function significantly improves the identification and localization abilities of boundary condition anomalies and eliminates undesired factors and false predictions.
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Motee, Nader, and Qiyu Sun. "Localized stability certificates for spatially distributed systems." In 2016 IEEE 55th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2016.7798460.

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Nanda, S., and D. Kotz. "Localized Bridging Centrality for Distributed Network Analysis." In 17th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks 2008. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccn.2008.ecp.31.

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Xingyan Jiang, Yuanzhu Peter Chen, and Tina Yu. "Localized distributed sensor deployment via coevolutionary computation." In 2008 Third International Conference on Communications and Networking in China (CHINACOM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chinacom.2008.4685141.

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Reports on the topic "Localized and distributed loading"

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Quinn, Meghan. Geotechnical effects on fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing performance. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41325.

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Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a fiber optic sensing system that is used for vibration monitoring. At a minimum, DAS is composed of a fiber optic cable and an optic analyzer called an interrogator. The oil and gas industry has used DAS for over a decade to monitor infrastructure such as pipelines for leaks, and in recent years changes in DAS performance over time have been observed for DAS arrays that are buried in the ground. This dissertation investigates the effect that soil type, soil temperature, soil moisture, time in-situ, and vehicle loading have on DAS performance for fiber optic cables buried in soil. This was accomplished through a field testing program involving two newly installed DAS arrays. For the first installation, a new portion of DAS array was added to an existing DAS array installed a decade prior. The new portion of the DAS array was installed in four different soil types: native fill, sand, gravel, and an excavatable flowable fill. Soil moisture and temperature sensors were buried adjacent to the fiber optic cable to monitor seasonal environmental changes over time. Periodic impact testing was performed at set locations along the DAS array for over one year. A second, temporary DAS array was installed to test the effect of vehicle loading on DAS performance. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the DAS response was used for all the tests to evaluate the system performance. The results of the impact testing program indicated that the portions of the array in gravel performed more consistently over time. Changes in soil moisture or soil temperature did not appear to affect DAS performance. The results also indicated that time DAS performance does change somewhat over time. Performance variance increased in new portions of array in all material types through time. The SNR in portions of the DAS array in native silty sand material dropped slightly, while the SNR in portions of the array in sand fill and flowable fill material decreased significantly over time. This significant change in performance occurred while testing halted from March 2020 to August 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. These significant changes in performance were observed in the new portion of test bed, while the performance of the prior installation remained consistent. It may be that, after some time in-situ, SNR in a DAS array will reach a steady state. Though it is unfortunate that testing was on pause while changes in DAS performance developed, the observed changes emphasize the potential of DAS to be used for infrastructure change-detection monitoring. In the temporary test bed, increasing vehicle loads were observed to increase DAS performance, although there was considerable variability in the measured SNR. The significant variation in DAS response is likely due to various industrial activities on-site and some disturbance to the array while on-boarding and off-boarding vehicles. The results of this experiment indicated that the presence of load on less than 10% of an array channel length may improve DAS performance. Overall, this dissertation provides guidance that can help inform the civil engineering community with respect to installation design recommendations related to DAS used for infrastructure monitoring.
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Trim, M., Matthew Murray, and C. Crane. Modernization and structural evaluation of the improved Overhead Cable System. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40025.

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A modernized Overhead Cable System prototype for a 689 ft (210 m) Improved Ribbon Bridge crossing was designed, assembled, and structurally tested. Two independent structural tests were executed, i.e., a component-level compression test of the BSS tower was performed to determine its load capacity and failure mode; and a system-level ‘dry’ test of the improved OCS prototype was conducted to determine the limit state and failure mode of the entire OCS. In the component-level compression test of the BSS tower, the compressive capacity was determined to be 102 kips, and the failure mode was localized buckling in the legs of the tower section. During system-level testing, the prototype performed well up to 40.5 kips of simulated drag load, which corresponds to a uniformly distributed current velocity of 10.7 ft/s. If a more realistic, less conservative parabolic velocity distribution is assumed instead, the drag load for an 11 ft/s current is 21.1 kips. Under this assumption, the improved OCS prototype has a factor of safety of 1.9, based on a 689-ft crossing and 11-ft/s current. The OCS failed when one of the tower guy wires pulled out of the ground, causing the tower to overturn.
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Christopher, David A., and Avihai Danon. Plant Adaptation to Light Stress: Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586534.bard.

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Original Objectives: 1. Purify and biochemically characterize RB60 orthologs in higher plant chloroplasts; 2. Clone the gene(s) encoding plant RB60 orthologs and determine their structure and expression; 3. Manipulate the expression of RB60; 4. Assay the effects of altered RB60 expression on thylakoid biogenesis and photosynthetic function in plants exposed to different light conditions. In addition, we also examined the gene structure and expression of RB60 orthologs in the non-vascular plant, Physcomitrella patens and cloned the poly(A)-binding protein orthologue (43 kDa RB47-like protein). This protein is believed to a partner that interacts with RB60 to bind to the psbA5' UTR. Thus, to obtain a comprehensive view of RB60 function requires analysis of its biochemical partners such as RB43. Background & Achievements: High levels of sunlight reduce photosynthesis in plants by damaging the photo system II reaction center (PSII) subunits, such as D1 (encoded by the chloroplast tpsbAgene). When the rate of D1 synthesis is less than the rate of photo damage, photo inhibition occurs and plant growth is decreased. Plants use light-activated translation and enhanced psbAmRNA stability to maintain D1 synthesis and replace the photo damaged 01. Despite the importance to photosynthetic capacity, these mechanisms are poorly understood in plants. One intriguing model derived from the algal chloroplast system, Chlamydomonas, implicates the role of three proteins (RB60, RB47, RB38) that bind to the psbAmRNA 5' untranslated leader (5' UTR) in the light to activate translation or enhance mRNA stability. RB60 is the key enzyme, protein D1sulfide isomerase (Pill), that regulates the psbA-RN :Binding proteins (RB's) by way of light-mediated redox potentials generated by the photosystems. However, proteins with these functions have not been described from higher plants. We provided compelling evidence for the existence of RB60, RB47 and RB38 orthologs in the vascular plant, Arabidopsis. Using gel mobility shift, Rnase protection and UV-crosslinking assays, we have shown that a dithiol redox mechanism which resembles a Pill (RB60) activity regulates the interaction of 43- and 30-kDa proteins with a thermolabile stem-loop in the 5' UTR of the psbAmRNA from Arabidopsis. We discovered, in Arabidopsis, the PD1 gene family consists of II members that differ in polypeptide length from 361 to 566 amino acids, presence of signal peptides, KDEL motifs, and the number and positions of thioredoxin domains. PD1's catalyze the reversible formation an disomerization of disulfide bonds necessary for the proper folding, assembly, activity, and secretion of numerous enzymes and structural proteins. PD1's have also evolved novel cellular redox functions, as single enzymes and as subunits of protein complexes in organelles. We provide evidence that at least one Pill is localized to the chloroplast. We have used PDI-specific polyclonal and monoclonal antisera to characterize the PD1 (55 kDa) in the chloroplast that is unevenly distributed between the stroma and pellet (containing membranes, DNA, polysomes, starch), being three-fold more abundant in the pellet phase. PD1-55 levels increase with light intensity and it assembles into a high molecular weight complex of ~230 kDa as determined on native blue gels. In vitro translation of all 11 different Pill's followed by microsomal membrane processing reactions were used to differentiate among PD1's localized in the endoplasmic reticulum or other organelles. These results will provide.1e insights into redox regulatory mechanisms involved in adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to light stress. Elucidating the genetic mechanisms and factors regulating chloroplast photosynthetic genes is important for developing strategies to improve photosynthetic efficiency, crop productivity and adaptation to high light environments.
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