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Journal articles on the topic 'Localization technique'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

Abkari, Safae El. "Wireless Indoor Localization Using Fingerprinting Technique." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, SP7 (July 25, 2020): 2597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp7/20202394.

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Lei, Lili, and Jeffrey L. Anderson. "Comparisons of Empirical Localization Techniques for Serial Ensemble Kalman Filters in a Simple Atmospheric General Circulation Model." Monthly Weather Review 142, no. 2 (January 24, 2014): 739–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00152.1.

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Abstract Two techniques for estimating good localization functions for serial ensemble Kalman filters are compared in observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) conducted with the dynamical core of an atmospheric general circulation model. The first technique, the global group filter (GGF), minimizes the root-mean-square (RMS) difference between the estimated regression coefficients using a hierarchical ensemble filter. The second, the empirical localization function (ELF), minimizes the RMS difference between the true values of the state variables and the posterior ensemble mean. Both techniques provide an estimate of the localization function for an observation’s impact on a state variable with few a priori assumptions about the localization function. The ELF localizations can have values larger than 1.0 at small distances, indicating that this technique addresses localization but also can correct the prior ensemble spread in the same way as a variance inflation when needed. OSSEs using ELF localizations generally have smaller root-mean-square error (RMSE) than the optimal Gaspari and Cohn (GC) localization function obtained by empirically tuning the GC width. The localization functions estimated by the GGF are broader than those from the ELF, and the OSSEs with the GGF localization generally have larger RMSE than the optimal GC localization function. The GGFs are too broad because of spurious correlation biases that occur in the OSSEs. These errors can be reduced by using a stochastic EnKF with perturbed observations instead of a deterministic EAKF.

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DeAngelis, Gia A., Ruth E. Moran, Laurie L. Fajardo, John P. Mugler, John M. Christopher, and Jennifer A. Harvey. "MRI-guided needle localization: Technique." Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 21, no. 5 (October 2000): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-2171(00)90028-3.

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4

Shahruz, S. M. "Technique to eliminate vibration localization." Review of Scientific Instruments 75, no. 11 (November 2004): 4629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1804851.

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Prakash, Surya, and Phalguni Gupta. "An efficient ear localization technique." Image and Vision Computing 30, no. 1 (January 2012): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2011.11.005.

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Karczmar, Gregory S., Gerald B. Matson, and Michael W. Weiner. "A single acquisition localization technique." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 3, no. 2 (April 1986): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910030221.

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Wu, Zhefu, Lei Jiang, Zhuangzhuang Jiang, Bin Chen, Kai Liu, Qi Xuan, and Yun Xiang. "Accurate Indoor Localization Based on CSI and Visibility Graph." Sensors 18, no. 8 (August 3, 2018): 2549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082549.

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Passive indoor localization techniques can have many important applications. They are nonintrusive and do not require users carrying measuring devices. Therefore, indoor localization techniques are widely used in many critical areas, such as security, logistics, healthcare, etc. However, because of the unpredictable indoor environment dynamics, the existing nonintrusive indoor localization techniques can be quite inaccurate, which greatly limits their real-world applications. To address those problems, in this work, we develop a channel state information (CSI) based indoor localization technique. Unlike the existing methods, we employ both the intra-subcarrier statistics features and the inter-subcarrier network features. Specifically, we make the following contributions: (1) we design a novel passive indoor localization algorithm which combines the statistics and network features; (2) we modify the visibility graph (VG) technique to build complex networks for the indoor localization applications; and (3) we demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique using real-world deployments. The experimental results show that our technique can achieve about 96% accuracy on average and is more than 9% better than the state-of-the-art techniques.

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Guo, Xi. "Fault Detection Technique Based on Fine Grained Slicing Spectrum." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 963–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.963.

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Test coverage information is usually used to compute the suspiciousness to locate the software errors in the current fault localization techniques, but this technique usually do not consider the reliance information within the target program, and the precision is also very low. A novel fault localization technique based on fine grained slicing spectrum is proposed in this paper, which can increase the efficiency of fault localization. This technique analyzes the reliance information under fine grained level, and selects the check points which are prone to be faulty, and the faulty statements is located according to the suspicious result. Experimental results show that this technique has better efficiency than the current techniques.

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Eom, Jewon, Hyowon Kim, Sang Hyun Lee, and Sunwoo Kim. "DNN-Assisted Cooperative Localization in Vehicular Networks." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 18, 2019): 2758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142758.

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This work develops a deep-learning-based cooperative localization technique for high localization accuracy and real-time operation in vehicular networks. In cooperative localization, the noisy observation of the pairwise distance and the angle between vehicles causes nonlinear optimization problems. To handle such a nonlinear optimization task at each vehicle, a deep neural network (DNN) technique is to replace a cumbersome solution of nonlinear optimization along with the saving of the computational loads. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed technique attains some performance gain in localization accuracy and computational complexity as compared to existing cooperative localization techniques.

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Hall, FM, and MA Connaughton. "Parallax technique in breast lesion localization." American Journal of Roentgenology 145, no. 3 (September 1985): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.145.3.653-a.

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11

Ullah, Inam, Xin Su, Jinxiu Zhu, Xuewu Zhang, Dongmin Choi, and Zhenguo Hou. "Evaluation of Localization by Extended Kalman Filter, Unscented Kalman Filter, and Particle Filter-Based Techniques." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (October 2, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8898672.

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Mobile robot localization has attracted substantial consideration from the scientists during the last two decades. Mobile robot localization is the basics of successful navigation in a mobile network. Localization plays a key role to attain a high accuracy in mobile robot localization and robustness in vehicular localization. For this purpose, a mobile robot localization technique is evaluated to accomplish a high accuracy. This paper provides the performance evaluation of three localization techniques named Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), and Particle Filter (PF). In this work, three localization techniques are proposed. The performance of these three localization techniques is evaluated and analyzed while considering various aspects of localization. These aspects include localization coverage, time consumption, and velocity. The abovementioned localization techniques present a good accuracy and sound performance compared to other techniques.

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ZHAO, LEI, ZHENYU ZHANG, LINA WANG, and XIAODAN YIN. "A FAULT LOCALIZATION FRAMEWORK TO ALLEVIATE THE IMPACT OF EXECUTION SIMILARITY." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 23, no. 07 (September 2013): 963–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194013500289.

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Coverage-based fault localization (CBFL) techniques contrast the execution spectra of a program entity to assess the extent of how much a program entity is being related to faults. However, different test cases may result in similar executions, which further make the execution spectra of program entities be indistinguishable among similar executions. As a consequence, most of the current CBFL techniques are impacted by the noise of indistinguishable spectra. To alleviate the impact of execution similarity and improve the effectiveness of CBFL techniques, we propose a general fault localization framework. This framework is general to current execution spectra based CBFL techniques, which could synthesize a fault localization technique based on a given base technique. To synthesize the new technique, we use the concept of coverage vector to model execution spectra and capture the execution similarity, then reduce the impact of execution similarity by counting distinct coverage vectors, and finally assess the suspiciousness of basic blocks being related to faults with the spectra of distinct coverage vectors. We adopt four representative fault localization techniques as base techniques, use seven Siemens programs and three median-sized real-life UNIX utility programs as subject programs, to conduct an experimental study on the effectiveness of our framework. The empirical evaluation shows that our framework can effectively alleviate the impact of execution similarity and generate more effective fault localization techniques based on existing ones.

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Alma’aitah, Eslim, and Hassanein. "Tag Localization with Asynchronous Inertial-Based Shifting and Trilateration." Sensors 19, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 5204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235204.

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Personal Area Networks (PAN) are key topologies in pervasive Internet of Things (IoT) localization applications. In the numerous object localization techniques, centralization and synchronization between the elements are assumed. In this paper, we leverage crowdsourcing from multiple fixed and mobile elements to enhance object localization. A cooperative crowdsourcing scheme is proposed to localize mobile low power tags using distributed and mobile/fixed readers for GPS assisted environments (i.e., outdoor) and fixed readers for indoors. We propose Inertial-Based Shifting and Trilateration (IBST) technique to provide an accurate reckoning of the absolute location of mobile tags. The novelty in our technique is its capability to estimate tag locations even when the tag is not covered by three readers to perform trilateration. In addition, IBST provides scalability since no processing is required by the low power tags. IBST technique is validated through extensive simulations using MATLAB. Simulation results show that IBST consistently estimates location, while other indoor localization solutions fail to provide such estimates as the state-of-the-art techniques require localization data to be available simultaneously to provide location estimation.

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Md Din, Marina, Norziana Jamil, Jacentha Maniam, and Mohamad Afendee Mohamed. "Review of indoor localization techniques." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.14 (April 6, 2018): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.14.12980.

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Global Positioning System (GPS) has practically solved the problem of outdoor localization. However, limitation of GPS leads to a challenge for developing a new tracking system for indoor environment. Hence, the demand for accurate indoor localization services has become important. Until now, researches related to IPS are still being conducted with the objective to improve the performance of positioning techniques. This paper provides a comprehensive review of indoor localization techniques and stimulate new research effort in this field. Current existing indoor localization system that used for tracking objects were reviewed along with some further discussion to design a better indoor localization technique.

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Shalini kaushik, Usha Chouhan, and Ashok Dwivedi. "Prediction of protein subcellular localization of human protein using j48, random forest and best first tree techniques." JOURNAL OF ADVANCED APPLIED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 1, no. 12 (December 15, 2021): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46947/joaasr112201791.

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Functional explication of unascertained proteins is a remarkable achievement in proteomics. Proteins subcellular localization serves as the key annotation. Many prediction techniques were developed emphasizing on an individual biological point or speculating a subset of all localizations. Emulating the protein localization that is studied pivotal is carried out by gathering all the necessary biological relevant information and addressing the necessity of improving the prediction accuracy. Proteins carry an obligatory role in a wide range of bioprocess such as catalysis of biochemical reaction, signal transduction and are requisite for cellular processes. They execute the associated functions could be analyzed by predicting their associated cellular locations. The colonization of the proteins could be scrutinized by considering the features of primary sequence of protein such as physiochemical and amino acid composition of the complete protein. The C-terminal and N-terminal physiochemical composition and other physicochemical properties of the primary sequence also contribute for the subcellular localization. In this paper, the computational technique, J48, best first decision tree, random forest are employed for the localization prediction has shown significant performance over several other techniques. The integrated latest database are trained with obsolete data and three techniques were employed for studying the subcellular localization which documents the increase in the accuracy of the prediction, by 87.711 % with J48, 81.67% with random forest, and 88.125% with BF Tree based on the features discussed by comparing our techniques over others.

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Liu, Yimin, Wenyan Liu, and Xiangyang Luo. "Survey on the Indoor Localization Technique of Wi-Fi Access Points." International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics 10, no. 3 (July 2018): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdcf.2018070103.

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This article describes how indoor localization of Wi-Fi AP (access point) plays an important role in the discovery of illegal indoor Wi-Fi and for the safety inspection of confidential places. There have been many related research results in recent years. In this article, a review is presented on the indoor localization technique of Wi-Fi AP. First, indoor localization methods of Wi-Fi AP can be divided into three categories: localization based on signal strength; fingerprint feature; and distance measurement. Then, the basic principles of the three methods are described respectively, and an evaluation of the typical methods are provided. Finally, the authors point out some research tendency of the indoor localization techniques of Wi-Fi AP.

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Avola, E., G. Lastella, and A. Esposito. "PERINEAL LOCALIZATION OF RHABDOMYOSARCOMA IN CHILDREN." Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology 11, no. 1 (2021): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21569/2222-7415-2021-11-1-220-223.

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Rhabdomyosarcoma is one of the most common tumors in the pediatric age, but perineal localization is very rare, with a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis. Magnetic resonance (MR) is a non-invasive technique that is very useful in the evaluation of local infiltration and can facilitate the diagnosis. In this article, we present a case of perineal rhabdomyosarcoma diagnosed with pelvic MR, with simultaneous presence of multiple synchronous metastases.

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Blacodon, D., M. Caplot, and G. Elias. "Source localization technique for impulsive multiple sources." Journal of Aircraft 26, no. 2 (February 1989): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.45737.

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Irshad, Liu, Arshad, Sohail, Murthy, Khokhar, and Uba. "A Novel Localization Technique Using Luminous Flux." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (November 21, 2019): 5027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9235027.

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As global navigation satellite system (GNNS) signals are unable to enter indoor spaces, substitute methods such as indoor localization-based visible light communication (VLC) are gaining the attention of researchers. In this paper, the systematic investigation of a VLC channel is performed for both direct and indirect line of sight (LoS) by utilizing the impulse response of indoor optical wireless channels. In order to examine the localization scenario, two light-emitting diode (LED) grid patterns are used. The received signal strength (RSS) is observed based on the positional dilution of precision (PDoP), a subset of the dilution of precision (DoP) used in global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning. In total, 31 × 31 possible positional tags are set for a given PDoP configuration. The values for positional error in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) and the sum of squared errors (SSE) are taken into consideration. The performance of the proposed approach is validated by simulation results according to the selected indoor space. The results show that the position accuracy enhanced is at short range by 24% by utilizing the PDoP metric. As confirmation, the modeled accuracy is compared with perceived accuracy results. This study determines the application and design of future optical wireless systems specifically for indoor localization.

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Cherntanomwong, Panarat, and Pitikhate Sooraksa. "Soft-clustering Technique for Fingerprint-based Localization." Sensors and Materials 30, no. 10 (October 12, 2018): 2221. http://dx.doi.org/10.18494/sam.2018.1844.

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Sutin, Alexander M., and Dimitry D. Donskoy. "Localization of cracks using vibromodulation detection technique." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 104, no. 3 (September 1998): 1815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.423434.

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22

Rodman, Leiba, and Peter Šemrl. "A localization technique for linear preserver problems." Linear Algebra and its Applications 433, no. 11-12 (December 2010): 2257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2010.07.032.

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23

Tassara, E., A. Verna, C. Mereu, and G. B. Ratto. "433 Intraoperative localization technique for pulmonary nodule." Lung Cancer 18 (August 1997): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5002(97)89813-3.

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Ahthesham, Mohamed. "Secure Localization Technique for Wireless Sensor Networks." IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering 1, no. 5 (2012): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2834-0152329.

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Bianch, Monica, and Anna Torriero. "Some localization theorems using a majorization technique." Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2000, no. 5 (2000): 512573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1025583400000242.

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McFadden, David W., Craig A. Butler, and Larry R. Pennington. "Technique for intraoperative localization of urinary leakage." American Journal of Surgery 154, no. 3 (September 1987): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9610(89)90619-3.

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Miller, Erin A., Sean M. Robinson, Kevin K. Anderson, Jonathon D. McCall, Amanda M. Prinke, Jennifer B. Webster, and Carolyn E. Seifert. "Adaptively Reevaluated Bayesian Localization (ARBL): A novel technique for radiological source localization." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 784 (June 2015): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2015.01.038.

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Qiu, Y., and Y. Jiang. "Retrospective Clinical Research Comparing the Value of the Superficial Mark Guided Localization Technique With the Hook Wire Guided Localization Technique for Nonpalpable Breast Microcalcifications." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 202s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.81700.

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Background: Early diagnosis and treatment is essential for curing breast tumors. In recent years, the number of diagnosed nonpalpable breast lesions has risen rapidly following increased breast cancer awareness and the broad promotion of mammography (MMG) screening. Aim: A comparison of the effect and accuracy between the superficial mark guided localization technique (SGL) and the hook wire guided localization technique (WGL) for nonpalpable breast microcalcifications. Methods: Retrospective research was conducted to compare SGL and WGL techniques. These techniques were performed on 51 patients with nonpalpable breast microcalcifications from the months of Jan 2015 to May 2016. Results: A total of 51 patients with ages ranging from 32 to 72 years were included in the study; 25 (49.01%) patients were randomly selected for the WGL group, while the other 26 (50.99%) patients were randomly selected for the SGL group. One case in the WGL group was treated with the SGL technology due to technical difficulties with the localization procedure. No statistically significant association was found between the 2 groups within the specified diameter of excised tissue. For the WGL group and SGL group, the average diameter of excised tissue was 78.4 mm and 78.9 mm, respectively. No complications were observed for patients in the SGL group, whereas 4 patients in the WGL group experienced complications. Two patients had a vasovagal reaction and another 2 experienced ecchymoma or shifting of the hook wire. According to the paraffin result, we found 3 (12%) malignant cases in the WGL group and 6 (23%) malignant cases in the SGL group. Conclusion: The superficial mark localization technique is as accurate as the hook wire guided localization technique. The procedure has the advantages of being less expensive and causes less complications.

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Bhat, Soumya J., and K. V. Santhosh. "Is Localization of Wireless Sensor Networks in Irregular Fields a Challenge?" Wireless Personal Communications 114, no. 3 (May 23, 2020): 2017–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-020-07460-6.

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Abstract Wireless sensor networks have been considered as an emerging technology for numerous applications of cyber-physical systems. These applications often require the deployment of sensor nodes in various anisotropic fields. Localization in anisotropic fields is a challenge because of the factors such as non-line of sight communications, irregularities of terrains, and network holes. Traditional localization techniques, when applied to anisotropic or irregular fields, result in colossal location estimation errors. To improve location estimations, this paper presents a comparative analysis of available localization techniques based on taxonomy framework. A detailed discussion on the importance of localization of sensor nodes in irregular fields from the reported real-life applications is presented along with challenges faced by existing localization techniques. Further, taxonomy based on techniques adopted by localization methods to address the effects of irregular fields on location estimations is reported. Finally, using the designed taxonomy framework, a comparative analysis of different localization techniques addressing irregularities and the directions towards the development of an optimal localization technique is addressed.

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Fu, Jia, Shenxin Yin, Zhiwen Cui, and Tribikram Kundu. "Experimental Research on Rapid Localization of Acoustic Source in a Cylindrical Shell Structure without Knowledge of the Velocity Profile." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020511.

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Acoustic source localization in a large pressure vessel or a storage tank-type cylindrical structure is important in preventing structural failure. However, this can be challenging, especially for cylindrical pressure vessels and tanks that are made of anisotropic materials. The large area of the cylindrical structure often requires a substantial number of sensors to locate the acoustic source. This paper first applies conventional acoustic source localization techniques developed for the isotropic, flat plate-type structures to cylindrical structures. The experimental results show that the conventional acoustic source localization technique is not very accurate for source localization on cylindrical container surfaces. Then, the L-shaped sensor cluster technique is applied to the cylindrical surface of the pressure vessel, and the experimental results prove the applicability of using this technique. Finally, the arbitrary triangle-shaped sensor clusters are attached to the surface of the cylindrical structure to locate the acoustic source. The experimental results show that the two acoustic source localization techniques using sensor clusters can be used to monitor the location of acoustic sources on the surface of anisotropic cylindrical vessels, using a small number of sensors. The arbitrarily triangle-shaped sensors can be arbitrarily placed in a cluster on the surface of the cylindrical vessel. The results presented in this paper provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the surface acoustic source localization method for a cylindrical pressure vessel and lay a theoretical foundation for its application.

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Farid, Zahid, Rosdiadee Nordin, Mahamod Ismail, and Nor Fadzilah Abdullah. "Hybrid Indoor-Based WLAN-WSN Localization Scheme for Improving Accuracy Based on Artificial Neural Network." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6923931.

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In indoor environments, WiFi (RSS) based localization is sensitive to various indoor fading effects and noise during transmission, which are the main causes of localization errors that affect its accuracy. Keeping in view those fading effects, positioning systems based on a single technology are ineffective in performing accurate localization. For this reason, the trend is toward the use of hybrid positioning systems (combination of two or more wireless technologies) in indoor/outdoor localization scenarios for getting better position accuracy. This paper presents a hybrid technique to implement indoor localization that adopts fingerprinting approaches in both WiFi and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This model exploits machine learning, in particular Artificial Natural Network (ANN) techniques, for position calculation. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid system improved the accuracy, reducing the average distance error to 1.05 m by using ANN. Applying Genetic Algorithm (GA) based optimization technique did not incur any further improvement to the accuracy. Compared to the performance of GA optimization, the nonoptimized ANN performed better in terms of accuracy, precision, stability, and computational time. The above results show that the proposed hybrid technique is promising for achieving better accuracy in real-world positioning applications.

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He, Pan, Lu Shen, Benjamin Henson, and Yuriy V. Zakharov. "Coarse-to-Fine Localization of Underwater Acoustic Communication Receivers." Sensors 22, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 6968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22186968.

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For underwater acoustic (UWA) communication in sensor networks, the sensing information can only be interpreted meaningfully when the location of the sensor node is known. However, node localization is a challenging problem. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) used in terrestrial applications do not work underwater. In this paper, we propose and investigate techniques based on matched field processing for localization of a single-antenna UWA communication receiver relative to one or more transmit antennas. Firstly, we demonstrate that a non-coherent ambiguity function (AF) allows significant improvement in the localization performance compared to the coherent AF previously used for this purpose, especially at high frequencies typically used in communication systems. Secondly, we propose a two-step (coarse-to-fine) localization technique. The second step provides a refined spatial sampling of the AF in the vicinity of its maximum found on the coarse space grid covering an area of interest (in range and depth), computed at the first step. This technique allows high localization accuracy and reduction in complexity and memory storage, compared to single step localization. Thirdly, we propose a joint refinement of the AF around several maxima to reduce outliers. Numerical experiments are run for validation of the proposed techniques.

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Chang, Chu-Chun, and Eugenia Kalnay. "Applying prior correlations for ensemble-based spatial localization." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 29, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-29-317-2022.

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Abstract. Localization is an essential technique for ensemble-based data assimilations (DAs) to reduce sampling errors due to limited ensembles. Unlike traditional distance-dependent localization, the correlation cutoff method (Yoshida and Kalnay, 2018; Yoshida, 2019) tends to localize the observation impacts based on their background error correlations. This method was initially proposed as a variable localization strategy for coupled systems, but it can also can be utilized extensively as a spatial localization. This study introduced and examined the feasibility of the correlation cutoff method as an alternative spatial localization with the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) preliminary on the Lorenz (1996) model. We compared the accuracy of the distance-dependent and correlation-dependent localizations and extensively explored the potential of the hybrid localization strategies. Our results suggest that the correlation cutoff method can deliver comparable analysis to the traditional localization more efficiently and with a faster DA spin-up. These benefits would become even more pronounced under a more complicated model, especially when the ensemble and observation sizes are reduced.

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Dutta, Arpita, Amit Jha, and Rajib Mall. "MuSim: Mutation-based Fault Localization Using Test Case Proximity." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 31, no. 05 (May 2021): 725–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194021500212.

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Fault localization techniques aim to localize faulty statements using the information gathered from both passed and failed test cases. We present a mutation-based fault localization technique called MuSim. MuSim identifies the faulty statement based on its computed proximity to different mutants. We study the performance of MuSim by using four different similarity metrics. To satisfactorily measure the effectiveness of our proposed approach, we present a new evaluation metric called Mut_Score. Based on this metric, on an average, MuSim is 33.21% more effective than existing fault localization techniques such as DStar, Tarantula, Crosstab, Ochiai.

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Darcey, Terrance M., and David W. Roberts. "Technique for the localization of intracranially implanted electrodes." Journal of Neurosurgery 113, no. 6 (December 2010): 1182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.12.jns091678.

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Object The anatomical localization of electrodes in the human brain is important for the interpretation of pathophysiological (epileptifom spikes, seizures) and functional data (stimulation mapping, evoked potentials). Electroencephalography and evoked potentials are volume-conducted field effects that are most easily interpreted with knowledge of the location and topology of adjacent structures, and brain stimulation techniques produce current fields whose effects are highly dependent on the geometry of electrode assemblies in relation to adjacent structures. In this paper, the authors describe a straightforward method for implanted electrode localization, and detail their experience to date with the technique. Methods The described method is based on the coregistration of preoperative MR imaging studies with postimplant CT scans by using standard mutual information optimization of rigid body transformation of the CT to the MR image. Fused images of the MR and thresholded CT images are derived, and electrodes are visualized using various standard computer projections, renderings, and measurement tools. Results The authors have successfully used the described method over an extended period to localize electrode contacts in intracranial implants for seizure localization, and in long-term implants for movement disorders and seizure control. The accuracy of localization is very good, although it is dependent on image quality and possible brain shift between acquisition of the CT and MR images. Conclusions This method is easily implemented and is useful for a wide variety of clinical and research applications. It is a straightforward process to extend it to additional image modalities that are emerging for surgical planning and image guidance.

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Terzi, M., L. Chehami, M. Farin, E. Moulin, V. Aleshin, N. Smagin, J. de Rosny, and F. Benmeddour. "Pump-probe localization technique of varying solid contacts." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 149, no. 5 (May 2021): 2943–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0004820.

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Chew, Moi Tin, Fakhrul Alam, Mathew Legg, and Gourab Sen Gupta. "Accurate Ultrasound Indoor Localization Using Spring-Relaxation Technique." Electronics 10, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111290.

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This paper reports on the development of an ultrasonic sensing-based active localization system. The system employs an ultrasonic array to transmit chirp signals and time-of-flight measurement for ranging. The position of the receiver is estimated iteratively using the spring-relaxation technique. A median and 90-percentile error of 12.4 and 21.7 mm, respectively, were obtained for measurements at 625 positions within a 1.2 m × 1.2 m area testbed. The spring-relaxation technique outperforms the widely adopted linear least square-based lateration technique while using the same ranging data. The performance of the system is benchmarked against that of visible light positioning using the same platform setup. The reported results show the ultrasonic system to be more accurate when compared with the visible light positioning system, which achieved median and 90-percentile errors of 33.7 and 58.6 mm, respectively.

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Shchekotov, S. V., N. S. Smirnov, and M. P. Pashkin. "The ontology driven SLAM based indoor localization technique." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1801, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1801/1/012007.

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Akar, Firas Abu, Diego Gonzalez-Rivas, Nader AbdelRahm, and Yuming Zhu. "Technique of ultrasound-guided localization of lung nodule." ASVIDE 5 (May 2018): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/asvide.2018.509.

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Nokuo, Takeshi, and Hitoshi Furuya. "Fault Site Localization Technique by Imaging with Nanoprobes." EDFA Technical Articles 11, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.edfa.2009-2.p016.

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Abstract This article discusses the advantages of SEM-based nanoprobing and the various ways it can be used to locate defects associated with IC failures. It describes the basic measurement physics of electron beam induced current, absorbed electron, and voltage distribution contrast imaging and presents examples showing how the different methods are used to isolate low- and high-resistance sites, shorts, and opens as well as ion implantation and metal patterning defects.

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Kaur, Savreet, and Raman Maini. "Implementation of Barcode Localization Technique using Morphological Operations." International Journal of Computer Applications 97, no. 13 (July 18, 2014): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/17068-7488.

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Chetri, Vicky. "Novel TDOA Technique for Speaker Localization using MATLAB." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 1168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.5194.

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Singh, Harshpal, Scott A. Meyer, Andrew C. Hecht, and Arthur L. Jenkins. "Novel Fluoroscopic Technique for Localization at Cervicothoracic Levels." Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques 22, no. 8 (December 2009): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bsd.0b013e31818da7ce.

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Lu, I‐Tai, and Peter Voltz. "A back‐propagating ray technique for source localization." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 91, no. 4 (April 1992): 2366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.403386.

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Merchant, Rohinee, and Sumant Daftary. "Antenatal Localization of Placenta by Ultrasonic Doppler Technique." Journal of The Asian federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 4, no. 1 (May 24, 2010): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.1973.tb00013.x.

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Ta-Sung Lee. "Efficient wideband source localization using beamforming invariance technique." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 42, no. 6 (June 1994): 1376–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/78.286954.

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An, K. O., C. H. Im, H. K. Jung, H. Kwon, and Y. H. Lee. "Novel Multidipole Searching Technique for Magnetoencephalography Source Localization." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 40, no. 2 (March 2004): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2004.825035.

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Cinti, Caterina, Spartaco Santi, and Nadir Mario Maraldi. "Localization of single copy gene by PRINS technique." Nucleic Acids Research 21, no. 24 (1993): 5799–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/21.24.5799.

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Domínguez-Cunchillos, F., P. Armendáriz, I. Pérez-Cabañas, C. Artieda, F. Oteiza, and M. A. Sanz. "Endoscopic technique for the localization of intraduct papillomas." British Journal of Surgery 86, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 1470–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2168.1999.01264.x.

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Essely, Fabien, Nicolas Guitard, Frederic Darracq, Vincent Pouget, Marise Bafleur, Philippe Perdu, Andre Touboul, and Dean Lewis. "Optimizing Pulsed OBIC Technique for ESD Defect Localization." IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability 7, no. 4 (December 2007): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdmr.2007.911381.

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