Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Localisations en cisaillement'
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Ouffroukh, Hichem. "Comportement hydromécanique d'une roche granulaire et localisations des déformations." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENPC0039.
Full textCharalampidou, Elli maria. "Etude expérimentale sur la localisation des déformations dans les grès poreux." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721812.
Full textCharalampidou, Elli Maria. "Etude expérimentale sur la localisation des déformations dans les grès poreux." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENI090/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis presents a laboratory study aiming at a better understanding of the stress-strain response of the Vosges sandstone (porous rock) tested at a range of confining pressures (i.e., 20-190 MPa) and different axial strain levels. Localised deformation was captured at different scales by a combination of full-field experimental methods, including Ultrasonic Tomography (2D), Acoustic Emissions (3D), X-ray Tomography (3D), and 3D volumetric Digital Image Correlation, plus thin section and Scanning Electron Microscope observations (2D). These experimental methods were performed before, during and after a number of triaxial compression tests. The combined use of the experimental techniques, which have different sensitivity and resolution, described the processes of shear band and shear-enhanced compaction band generation, which formed at low to intermediate and relatively high confining pressures, respectively. Pure compaction bands were not identified. The deformation bands were characterised as zones of localised shear and/or volumetric strain and were captured by the experimental methods as features of low ultrasonic velocities, places of inter- and intra-granular cracking and structures of higher density material. The two main grain-scale mechanisms: grain breakage (damage) and porosity reduction (compaction) were identified in both shear band and shear-enhanced compaction band formation, which presented differences in the proportions of the mechanism and their order of occurrence in time
Bourguignon, Matthieu. "Borosilicate glasses : from viscoplasticity to indentation cracking ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS247.
Full textUnderstanding the mechanisms of glass fracture is crucial due to the extensive industrial applications of these materials, where the control of their mechanical properties is key to ensuring performance and durability. In-depth examination of plasticity mechanisms under indentation in aluminoborosilicate glasses has highlighted the critical role of chemical composition in mechanical behavior and crack resistance. It has been observed that the presence and relative concentration of network modifiers, such as alkaline earth oxides, or a higher concentration of boron as a network former, significantly influence localized plastic flow in the form of shear bands, as well as the resistance to crack initiation and propagation. This suggests that precise adjustments in composition can enhance the material's resilience under mechanical stress. Additionally, a series of mechanical and thermal characterizations of these glasses have established correlations between their structure and mechanical behavior under indentation. Furthermore, the study of the effects of electron irradiation on the plasticity of silicate glasses revealed that exposure to electrons can increase these materials' susceptibility to plastic deformation, altering their microscopic structure and mechanical properties. It was found that electron irradiation catalyzes structural rearrangements under stress, leading to a marked decrease in the yield stress of silicate glasses. These changes were analyzed through advanced relaxation and deformation models, allowing for the quantification and prediction of irradiation's impact on glass behavior. This work advances the understanding of plasticity processes in glasses and paves the way for strategies to optimize their mechanical properties, particularly by designing specific compositions to enhance their resistance in demanding industrial environments or under severe conditions
Laurent, Valentin. "Localisation de la déformation au sein de zones de cisaillement haute-pression basse-température et enregistrement isotopique ⁴⁰AR/³⁹AR." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2030/document.
Full textExhumation mechanisms of high-pressure low-temperature (HP-LT) metamorphic rocks in subduction zones are complex and actively discussed. The study of fossilized subduction zones allows a better comprehension of these mechanisms, showing that exhumation of HP-LT rocks is mainly accommodated along crustal-scale ductile shear zones. This study aims at constraining the geometry, the kinematic and the timing of the tectonometamorphic history of the HP-LT Cycladic Blueschist Unit (CBU) cropping out in Greece. A main objective is to constrain the timing of strain localization at different scales during exhumation to better understand the mechanical behaviour of subduction zones. Three principal methods of investigation have been used, including i) a structural fieldwork that allows to characterize the geometry, the kinematic and the distribution of deformations, highlighting progressive strain localization during exhumation toward the base of the CBU and along shear zones, ii) a metamorphic petrology study aiming at determining the P-T evolution of the CBU, and iii) ⁴⁰AR/³⁹AR dating used to constrain the timing of the tectonometamorphic evolution of the CBU and the timing of strain localization within kilometre- to millimetre-scale shear zones showing different degrees of retrogression. We observe an obvious correlation between the intensity of finite deformation, the degree of retrogression and youngest mica ages. A major result of this thesis work is that the preservation of eclogite and blueschist-facies rocks does not necessarily imply fast exhumation rates. Our results instead suggest that the exhumation history of the CBU is relatively long, spanning over ca. 30 Ma. Consequently, it appears that the exhumation rate is not the main parameter controlling the degree of retrogression of HP-LT metamorphic rocks in the CBU compared to progressive strain localization during exhumation along a cold retrograde P-T evolution within the subduction channel
Ouffroukh, Hichem. "Comportement hydromécanique d'une roche granulaire et localisation des déformations." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001354.
Full textChapelle, David. "INFLUENCE DES ORIENTATIONS CRISTALLINES SUR LA LOCALISATION EN BANDE DE CISAILLEMENT DANS DES ALLIAGES Al-Mg SOUMIS A COMPRESSION PLANE." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00417252.
Full textDavid, Frédéric. "Modélisation méso-macro de la localisation de la déformation : étude de la sensibilité au cisaillement adiabatique d'un acier à blindage." Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/David.Frederic.SMZ9713.pdf.
Full textSince the last ten years, the study of adiabatic shear bands (ASB) has ben oriented on the analysis of local phenomena which govern the localization of deformation. The importance of the microstructure (cells of dislocations or dislocations walls) was pointed out and a new subject of interest is to understand the specific characteristic mechanisms of adiabatic shear initiation. We developed a simplified meso-macro mathematical model based on the plastic inclusion with moving boundaries (Sabr & Berveiller, 1990) to try to describe the early stage microstructure evolution in this very narrow sheared surface and the strain localization. We made the hypothesis that the inclusion could be modeled by cells of dislocations or groups of dislocations cells at a meso-level. We used a progressive punching test with split Hopkinson bars which allowed us put a piston pressure on a cylindrical round shape sample of an armour martensitic steel, in a range of increasing strain rates. The complex and extremely refined microstructure required to observe this band in transmission electronic microscopy on several zones in the depth of the sharp band to understand the inside state evolution. The interesting point is to observe different stages of adiabatic sheared zones and very high sheared zones the strain gradient within the same sample is important to identify the initialization conditions of adiabatic shear band. We also developed a model to study the behaviour of materials when localization of deformation appears. The interest is to propose a technical methodology for others materials and their improvement in industrial applications cases
LaChapelle, David. "Influence des orientations cristallines sur la localisation en bande de cisaillement dans des alliages A1-Mg soumis à compression plane." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EMSE0027.
Full textRattez, Hadrien. "Couplages thermo-hydro-mécanique et localisation dans les milieux de Cosserat : application à l'analyse de stabilité du cisaillement rapide des failles." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1181/document.
Full textWhen materials are subjected to large deformations, most of them experience inelastic deformations. It is often accompanied by a localization of these deformations into a narrow zone leading to failure. One particular case of strain localization is the formation of shear bands which are the most common patterns observed in geomaterials. In geological structures, they appear at very different scales, from kilometer scale for subduction zones, to micrometric scale inside fault cores. Studying their occurrence and evolution is of key importance to describe the failure of geomaterials and model seismic slip for mature crustal faults. The pressure and temperature conditions in these faults and the interaction with the pore water inside a highly fractured materials highlight the importance of different physical processes involved in the nucleation of earthquakes. In this thesis, we study the occurrence and evolution of shear bands inside fault gouges taking into account the material microstructure by resorting to elastoplastic Cosserat continua and also the effect of thermo-hydro mechanical couplings. The use of Cosserat theory introduces information about the gouge microstructure, namely the grain size, and permits to regularize the mathematical problem of in the post-localization regime by introducing an internal length into the constitutive equations. Two approaches are used to study the coupled non-linear partial differential set of equations: linear stability analysis and finite element simulations. Linear stability analysis allows to study the occurrence of localized deformation in a mechanical system with multi-physical couplings. Considerations on the dominant wave length of the perturbations permit also to determine the width of the localized zone. This shear band thickness is confirmed by numerical integration in the post-localization regime for a certain range of deformation. The obtained widths of the localized zone are key parameters for understanding fault behavior, are in agreement with experimental and field observations. Moreover, numerical finite element computations enable to model the mechanical response of a fault gouge during seismic slip and give insights into the influence of various physical couplings on the energy budget
Oms, Claire. "Localisation, nature et dynamique de l'interface eau-sédiment en réseau d'assainissement unitaire." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005725.
Full text- un endoscope a permis d'identifier et de localiser deux types d'interface organique (une couche immobile à Paris et à Marseille, et des solides en déplacement près du fond à Dundee et à Hildesheim)
- une boite d'observation encastrée dans un collecteur parisien a permis de montrer que la couche organique immobile située à l'interface eau/sédiment est hétérogène, quelle abrite une activité biologique, quelle se forme rapidement par temps sec puis se stabilise, quelle subit des remaniement locaux en surface et enfin, que, lors daugmentations de débit, elle est partiellement érodée et transportée par suspension et par charriage.
Moradian, Zabihallah. "Application de la méthode d'émission acoustique pour la surveillance du comportement au cisaillement des joints actifs." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1961.
Full textLiu, Jiangxin. "Etude numérique de la localisation des déformations en géotechnique dans le cadre de la théorie micropolaire." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0005/document.
Full textMost of the progressive failures of geotechnical structures are associated with the strain localization phenomenon, which is generally accompanied by strength softening. Many experimental observationsshow that significant rear rangements and rotations of particles occur inside the shear bands. The aim of this thesis is to investigate numerically the strain localization phenomena of granular materials. Considering the mesh dependency problems in finite element analysis caused by strains oftening within the classical continuum framework, a sand model based on critical-state has been formulated within the framework of the micropolar theory, taking into account the micro rotations, and implemented into a finite element code for two dimensional problems. Then, the simulations of the shearband in biaxial tests are comprehensively studied in terms of onset, thickness, orientation, etc. At the same time, the efficiency of the micropolar approach, as a regularization technique, is discussed. This is followed by an instability analysis using the second-order work based on the micropolar continuum theory. Finally, for a wider application in simulating failures in geotechnical engineering, the 2D model has been extended to 3D model. Based on the entire study, both the 2D and 3Dmodel demonstrate obvious regularization ability to relieve the mesh dependency problems and to reproduce reasonably the shear bands in geostructures
Crochepeyre, Stéphane. "Contribution à la modélisation numérique et théorique de la localisation et de la post-localisation dans les géomatériaux." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10023.
Full textDuprat-Oualid, Sylvia. "Évolution thermique et mécanique des zones de cisaillement : approche analytique, numérique et confrontation aux données de terrain." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S128/document.
Full textShear zones are common structural features in the lithosphere and occur at various scales (from microscopic to lithospheric). At the lithospheric scale, they concentrate most of the relative movements between tectonic plates, and therefore, accommodate a high amount of strain. Consequently, the understanding of both their spatial and temporal mechanical behaviour is crucial for the general knowledge of the lithosphe dynamics. Rheology of rocks, which define their mechanical behaviour, is controlled by physical laws that predict how they deform under some stresses. Temperature plays a major role in the creep-dislocation behaviour, which characterizes the ductile domain (in depth), decreasing efficiently the rock strength. Furthermore, each rock has intrinsic mechanical properties, which depend on its mineralogical composition, texture and internal structures. However, due to the lack of data directly measurable deeper than a few kilometres, the lithosphere rheology, and in particular the continental lithosphere remains subject to drastically different interpretations. The mechanical behaviour of major shear zones is not fully understood, as they are the location of intense changes of both the rock internal nature and major thermal perturbations. Especially, the mechanical energy, converted into heat (shear heating) causes a close interaction between thermal ad mechanical evolutions. This thesis aims to better understand the rheological state of lithospheric scale shear zones. For this purpose, we used an original approach, based on the temperature field evolution around and within such shear zones. From 2D numerical thermo-kinematic models and analytical developments, the first order variability of thermal evolution and perturbation is anal- ysed and quantified with respect to the impact of three major thermal processes, defined as diffusion, advection and shear heating. Results are compared to metamorphic thermal signatures associated to intra-continental thrust zones for which the influence of both accretion and erosion was also investigated. The case of the Main Central Thrust (MCT) in the Himalayas, whose the inverse metamorphic thermal zonation has been extensively studied, was chosen as the main natural analogue. Our quantitative results highlight the crucial role of shear heating, and more particularly of mechanical strength variability within shear zones. We thus emphasise on the importance of rock creep parameters. The study of centimetre-scale shear zones, which developed within the granodiorite of the Zillertal nappe (Tauern window, Tyrol, Alps) thanks to little local variations of the mineralogical composition, reveals the extreme sensitivity of igneous rocks rheology, representative of the continental crust. The consequences of such an intense variability, revealed at small scale are finally discussed with regard to rheologies usually considered in models that focus on processes controlling lithosphere dynamics
Nguyen, Thai Binh. "Étude expérimentale et numérique de la localisation de la déformation dans un milieu granulaire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S121/document.
Full textGranular materials have been studied for decades, but the description of the behaviors observed of these materials is still an open question. They display localization of deformation when submitted to a large enough stress. The objective of this work is to study experimentally and numerically the deformation of a granular material and to characterize observed behaviors in a biaxial text. The first part is devoted to the realization of plane strain biaxial tests. In order to visualize very small deformations, we use an interferometric method based on the multiple light scattering. The second part is devoted to the numerical modeling of a 2D biaxial test under conditions similar to those of the experiment by the discrete element method. Finally, in the last part, tools developed for the analysis of images used to study as well the experiences as the numerical simulations are approached. The study of the average plastic field in the experiments shows that the localization of the deformation is a progressive process initiated by a bifurcation which corresponds to the appearance of a well defined direction. This direction is in agreement with the angle of Mohr-Coulomb and its appearance takes place before the failure of the material. The study of the fluctuations of the plasticity in the experiments and the numerical simulations seems to show an increase of a characteristic length
Millien, Anne. "Comportement anisotrope du grès des Vosges : élasto-plasticité, localisation, rupture." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749405.
Full textAl, Holo-Al Radi Samah. "Etude numérique de la localisation à l'aide de modèles de second gradient : Perte d'unicité et évolution de la taille de la zone localisée." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348158.
Full textNous utilisons les modèles de second gradient locaux: sur un problème de cisaillement dans un milieu unidimensionnel, et de simulation de creusement de puits bidimensionnels.
Dans un premier temps, nous avons réalisé une analyse de problème de cisaillement unidimensionnel avec la mécanique des milieux continus classique et pour un comportement quasi-fragile élasto-plastique. Afin de jouer des calculs non restreintes, nous avons employé la méthode de longeur d'arc dans un code aux éléments finis unidimensionnel pour un milieu de second gradient. Nous avons choisi de réaliser notre expérience numérique en utilisant une loi de comportement plus réaliste.
Le modèle de second gradient bidimensionnel a été utilisé pour réaliser des simulations numérique d'excavation avec une loi de comportement quasi-fragile. Nous avons réalisé la simulation sur un puits complet en utilisant le code aux éléments finis en grandes déformation Lagamine.
Les résultats obtenus sont significatifs. Ils ont illustré la non unicité des solutions, dont différents modes localisés ont été obtenus, qualitativement semblable à la rupture de puits observés dans les laboratoires.
Roger, Vincent. "Etude expérimentale et théorique de la localisation des déformations dans les matériaux granulaires en condition isochore." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10022.
Full textBésuelle, Pierre. "Deformation et rupture dans les roches tendres et les sols indures : comportement homogene et localisation." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10079.
Full textRozel, Antoine. "Taille des grains et localisation de la déformation dans la lithosphère." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00545067.
Full textEl-Hassan, Assoum Nada. "Modélisation théorique et numérique de la localisation de la déformation dans les géomatériaux." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10112.
Full textBeaudoin, Alexandre. "Signification des âges ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹ Ar le long de détachements crustaux : exemples de l'île d'Ikaria (Cyclades, Grèce) et du massif du Tende (Corse alpine, France)." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2027/document.
Full textNumerous studies have shown the impact of deformation on the K-Ar system, and therefore ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹ Ar ages. These studies often do not provide data characterizing deformation and are limited to a comparison of the ages obtained indeformed rocks and an undeformed protolith. The first part of this study thus consisted in studying the strain distribution at different scales and finely describing strain intensity gradients. The study focused on two granitic protoliths, associated respectively with a difference in age between the formation of the protolith and the age of the tectonometamorphic events that is low (<1 Ma ; Ikaria Island) or inversely high (> 240 Ma ; Tenda massif). In the firstcase study, deformation results in a 40Ar loss in K-bearing phases, interpreted as resulting from the reduction of diffusion domains sizes which is not accentuated by an increasing strain intensity. In the second case study, the 40Arinheritance of the protolith results in fluids and extraneous 40Ar circulation through the actively deforming structures,ages in phengite being increasingly older approaching the most localizing structures in some sections, while others behave in an opposite way, more in line with the progressive strain localization in time. For both cases, interpretation of ages obtained in the newly formed phases during deformation is ambiguous between cooling, crystallization and mixing, and requires a detailed examination of the data confronted with the possible closing temperatures.Interpretations indicate for the Ikaria case study a strain localization in less than 1-3 Ma along a second order gradient of about ten meters in thickness. Strain localization at the scale of a shear zone occurs more rapidly in the case of a post-orogenic exhumation of a MCC (~ 7 Ma) than in the case of the exhumation of continental material involved in a subduction prism (~ 14-10 Ma)
Beaude, Nicolas. "Etude théorique et expérimentale du comportement élasto-plastique et de la localisation de la déformation dans les monocristaux." Paris 13, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA132005.
Full textLorée, Hugo. "Élastographie impulsionnelle : étude des artefacts et développement d’une méthode de guidage par ondes élastiques monochromatiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS446.
Full textThe incidence of chronic liver diseases, and particularly liver fibrosis, is constantly growing in industrialized countries. Liver stiffness, which is a good surrogate marker to stage liver fibrosis, can be estimated noninvasively through transient elastography. This technique thus provides an important diagnosis tool to the specialists. Commonly used in hepatology, it consists in using a mono element ultrasound probe to generate a transient pulse at the surface of the skin that will propagate within the liver as a shear wave. Its propagation is tracked in real time using ultrafast ultrasound pulses. In order to obtain a reliable liver stiffness estimation, the probe has to be placed in front of a homogeneous region of the liver. This localization phase may be difficult depending on the experience of the operator, and the morphology of the patient, with obese patients being particularly difficult to measure.In this thesis, a first axis of research was dedicated to improve the applicability of transient elastography on massively obese patients. A second focus of research aimed at facilitating the localization of an optimal measurement window. First, the artefacts disturbing the stiffness estimation were studied through simulations and in vitro studies. It led to a better understanding of the influence of the most common artifacts in transient elastography and to the manufacturing of probe prototypes adapted to measuring massively obese patients. Secondly, a liver localization tool has been developed in order to help the operator detect an optimal measurement window. Lastly, the probe prototypes as well as the liver localization tool were tested on massively obese patients during a clinical trial carried out at the hospital la Pitié-Salpêtrière
Lanata, Patrizia. "Full-field experimental characterization of mechanical behaviour and failure in a porous rock in plane strain compression : homogeneous deformation and strain localization." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI040/document.
Full textThis work aims an experimental characterization of the mechanical behaviour and failure by strain localization on a Vosges sandstone. The time evolution of strain localization has been characterized by full-field measurements. A new true-triaxial apparatus has been developed at Laboratoire 3SR (Grenoble), which enables the observation of the specimens during mechanical loading for application of digital image correlation (DIC). Tests have been performed in plane strain compression (confining pressure from 20 to 50 MPa). The transition from diffuse to localised deformation regimes has been extensively studied. Then, a comparative analysis has been done between the strain fields (DIC) and microscope (SEM) observations to determine how closely the DIC fields are related to deformation mechanisms detected at the grain scale. Finally, a theoretical bifurcation analysis is presented to compare the experimental observations of shear bands with strain localization prediction
Mansard, Nicolas. "The role of metamorphic reactions for strain localization in the middle and lower crust : Insights from field observations and deformation experiments." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE3103.
Full textShear zones arise from strain localization into rocks of the crust and uppermost mantle during deformation of the lithosphere. By accommodating a large amount of strain, these shear zones have a direct control on rheology and dynamics of the lithosphere. Based on field observations and deformation experiments, this study aims at extending the current knowledge about the rheological behavior and the development of shear zones. In this study, we highlight that the rheological behavior of polyphase materials is extremely sensitive to their mineralogical composition and that small chemical variations can initiate strain localization – even at small shear strain - and induce large differences in resistance. Our results also show the ability of deformation to enhance mineral reactions, nucleation, the development of fine-grained mixed zones and, conversely, how such an evolution in microstructures eventually results in strain localization and weakening of polyphase aggregates. Phase compositions, in as much they control the reactivity, play a first-order role on both the initiation of weakening but also on the long-term evolution and strength of shear zones. Overall, our study illustrates that the rheology of rocks cannot be summarized as being controlled by monophase materials. In order to further use the rheological models as a predictive tool for lithospheric rheology, it seems essential to take into account both the complexity of regional structures (such as shear zone areas) and the complete nature of rocks that compose them, including the rheology of polyphase material in presence—or in absence—of feedback between deformation and reactions
Ghorbanbeigi, Hamid. "Modélisation multi-échelle du comportement mécanique des matériaux cimentaires soumis à la carbonatation ou à la lixiviation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10214/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to model the mechanical behavior of cement based materials, such as cement paste and concrete, which are subject to carbonation and leaching. These chemical reactions between the cementitious material and the surrounding aggressive environment lead to changes in the material microstructure and consequently on the mechanical behavior, and can have a significant impact on the durability of structures. To characterize the mechanical behavior of these chemically influenced materials, two different approaches are proposed in this thesis: the macroscopic and microscopic approach. In the first part, a macroscopic approach is used. The interest is to use a classical elastoplastic model to see the effect of carbonation and lixiviation on the elastic and plastic parameters. This model is then coupled with an interface model to describe the mechanical behavior and the failure process of cementitious materials, taking into account the localization of deformations on a shear band. In the second part, by taking advantage of micro-macro models, it is possible to explicitly link the microstructure evolution during the degradation to the mechanical behavior of the material. Two or three homogenization steps based on the modified secant method are needed to reach the macroscopic criterion. The predictive capabilities of micro-macro models proposed here have been demonstrated through a wide experimental validation
Tillard, Dominique. "Etude de la rupture dans les géomatériaux cohésifs : application à la marne de Beaucaire." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10211.
Full textMarinelli, Ferdinando. "Comportement couplé des géo-matériaux : deux approches de modélisation numérique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954405.
Full textMokni, Moncef. "Relations entre déformations en masse et déformations localisées dans les matériaux granulaires." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10185.
Full textBésuelle, Pierre. "Déformation et rupture dans les roches tendres et les sols indurés : comportement homogène et localisation." Phd thesis, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00069471.
Full textL'étude expérimentale porte sur trois matériaux de caractéristiques différentes : un grès des Vosges, une siltite du Gard et une marne tendre de Beaucaire. On décrit d'abord la mise en opération d'une cellule triaxiale à haute pression et le développement d'une instrumentation de mesure des déformations. On présente ensuite une campagne d'essai sur un grès des Vosges jusqu'à des confinements de 60 MPa. L'étude concerne le comportement homogène de la roche sur des chemins de compression, extension et isotropes, la détection de la localisation, la caractérisation des structures localisées par une observation macroscopique, des mesures tomodensitométriques et une analyse microstructurale quantitative. Sur une siltite du Gard, plus raide que le grès, une étude de l'évolution de la fracturation de l'initiation jusqu'à la ruine de l'éprouvette est menée en utilisant la stéréophotogrammétrie de faux relief. Pour la marne de Beaucaire, le comportement normalement consolidé est exploré en réalisant des mesures de perméabilité au cours de la déformation, en régime isotrope ou déviatoire.
L'étude théorique présente la nouvelle loi CloE Roche développée spécifiquement pour les roches tendres à partir du modèle de lois incrémentales non-linéaires hypoplastiques CloE. Elle prend en compte une dépendance du comportement en volume vis-à-vis de la contrainte moyenne. L'identification de la loi est réalisée sur le grès des Vosges. Une analyse paramétrique d'un critère explicite de bifurcation en mode localisé prévoyant le moment d'apparition et l'inclinaison des bandes de cisaillement est réalisée pour obtenir un calage des résultats théoriques de bifurcation sur les expériences. Cette démarche illustre l'esprit de la loi, qui considère les observations de localisation comme un élément de calage de ses paramètres.