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Academic literature on the topic 'Localisations en cisaillement'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Localisations en cisaillement"
Ouffroukh, Hichem. "Comportement hydromécanique d'une roche granulaire et localisations des déformations." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENPC0039.
Full textCharalampidou, Elli maria. "Etude expérimentale sur la localisation des déformations dans les grès poreux." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721812.
Full textCharalampidou, Elli Maria. "Etude expérimentale sur la localisation des déformations dans les grès poreux." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENI090/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis presents a laboratory study aiming at a better understanding of the stress-strain response of the Vosges sandstone (porous rock) tested at a range of confining pressures (i.e., 20-190 MPa) and different axial strain levels. Localised deformation was captured at different scales by a combination of full-field experimental methods, including Ultrasonic Tomography (2D), Acoustic Emissions (3D), X-ray Tomography (3D), and 3D volumetric Digital Image Correlation, plus thin section and Scanning Electron Microscope observations (2D). These experimental methods were performed before, during and after a number of triaxial compression tests. The combined use of the experimental techniques, which have different sensitivity and resolution, described the processes of shear band and shear-enhanced compaction band generation, which formed at low to intermediate and relatively high confining pressures, respectively. Pure compaction bands were not identified. The deformation bands were characterised as zones of localised shear and/or volumetric strain and were captured by the experimental methods as features of low ultrasonic velocities, places of inter- and intra-granular cracking and structures of higher density material. The two main grain-scale mechanisms: grain breakage (damage) and porosity reduction (compaction) were identified in both shear band and shear-enhanced compaction band formation, which presented differences in the proportions of the mechanism and their order of occurrence in time
Bourguignon, Matthieu. "Borosilicate glasses : from viscoplasticity to indentation cracking ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS247.
Full textUnderstanding the mechanisms of glass fracture is crucial due to the extensive industrial applications of these materials, where the control of their mechanical properties is key to ensuring performance and durability. In-depth examination of plasticity mechanisms under indentation in aluminoborosilicate glasses has highlighted the critical role of chemical composition in mechanical behavior and crack resistance. It has been observed that the presence and relative concentration of network modifiers, such as alkaline earth oxides, or a higher concentration of boron as a network former, significantly influence localized plastic flow in the form of shear bands, as well as the resistance to crack initiation and propagation. This suggests that precise adjustments in composition can enhance the material's resilience under mechanical stress. Additionally, a series of mechanical and thermal characterizations of these glasses have established correlations between their structure and mechanical behavior under indentation. Furthermore, the study of the effects of electron irradiation on the plasticity of silicate glasses revealed that exposure to electrons can increase these materials' susceptibility to plastic deformation, altering their microscopic structure and mechanical properties. It was found that electron irradiation catalyzes structural rearrangements under stress, leading to a marked decrease in the yield stress of silicate glasses. These changes were analyzed through advanced relaxation and deformation models, allowing for the quantification and prediction of irradiation's impact on glass behavior. This work advances the understanding of plasticity processes in glasses and paves the way for strategies to optimize their mechanical properties, particularly by designing specific compositions to enhance their resistance in demanding industrial environments or under severe conditions
Laurent, Valentin. "Localisation de la déformation au sein de zones de cisaillement haute-pression basse-température et enregistrement isotopique ⁴⁰AR/³⁹AR." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2030/document.
Full textExhumation mechanisms of high-pressure low-temperature (HP-LT) metamorphic rocks in subduction zones are complex and actively discussed. The study of fossilized subduction zones allows a better comprehension of these mechanisms, showing that exhumation of HP-LT rocks is mainly accommodated along crustal-scale ductile shear zones. This study aims at constraining the geometry, the kinematic and the timing of the tectonometamorphic history of the HP-LT Cycladic Blueschist Unit (CBU) cropping out in Greece. A main objective is to constrain the timing of strain localization at different scales during exhumation to better understand the mechanical behaviour of subduction zones. Three principal methods of investigation have been used, including i) a structural fieldwork that allows to characterize the geometry, the kinematic and the distribution of deformations, highlighting progressive strain localization during exhumation toward the base of the CBU and along shear zones, ii) a metamorphic petrology study aiming at determining the P-T evolution of the CBU, and iii) ⁴⁰AR/³⁹AR dating used to constrain the timing of the tectonometamorphic evolution of the CBU and the timing of strain localization within kilometre- to millimetre-scale shear zones showing different degrees of retrogression. We observe an obvious correlation between the intensity of finite deformation, the degree of retrogression and youngest mica ages. A major result of this thesis work is that the preservation of eclogite and blueschist-facies rocks does not necessarily imply fast exhumation rates. Our results instead suggest that the exhumation history of the CBU is relatively long, spanning over ca. 30 Ma. Consequently, it appears that the exhumation rate is not the main parameter controlling the degree of retrogression of HP-LT metamorphic rocks in the CBU compared to progressive strain localization during exhumation along a cold retrograde P-T evolution within the subduction channel
Ouffroukh, Hichem. "Comportement hydromécanique d'une roche granulaire et localisation des déformations." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001354.
Full textChapelle, David. "INFLUENCE DES ORIENTATIONS CRISTALLINES SUR LA LOCALISATION EN BANDE DE CISAILLEMENT DANS DES ALLIAGES Al-Mg SOUMIS A COMPRESSION PLANE." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00417252.
Full textDavid, Frédéric. "Modélisation méso-macro de la localisation de la déformation : étude de la sensibilité au cisaillement adiabatique d'un acier à blindage." Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/David.Frederic.SMZ9713.pdf.
Full textSince the last ten years, the study of adiabatic shear bands (ASB) has ben oriented on the analysis of local phenomena which govern the localization of deformation. The importance of the microstructure (cells of dislocations or dislocations walls) was pointed out and a new subject of interest is to understand the specific characteristic mechanisms of adiabatic shear initiation. We developed a simplified meso-macro mathematical model based on the plastic inclusion with moving boundaries (Sabr & Berveiller, 1990) to try to describe the early stage microstructure evolution in this very narrow sheared surface and the strain localization. We made the hypothesis that the inclusion could be modeled by cells of dislocations or groups of dislocations cells at a meso-level. We used a progressive punching test with split Hopkinson bars which allowed us put a piston pressure on a cylindrical round shape sample of an armour martensitic steel, in a range of increasing strain rates. The complex and extremely refined microstructure required to observe this band in transmission electronic microscopy on several zones in the depth of the sharp band to understand the inside state evolution. The interesting point is to observe different stages of adiabatic sheared zones and very high sheared zones the strain gradient within the same sample is important to identify the initialization conditions of adiabatic shear band. We also developed a model to study the behaviour of materials when localization of deformation appears. The interest is to propose a technical methodology for others materials and their improvement in industrial applications cases
LaChapelle, David. "Influence des orientations cristallines sur la localisation en bande de cisaillement dans des alliages A1-Mg soumis à compression plane." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EMSE0027.
Full textRattez, Hadrien. "Couplages thermo-hydro-mécanique et localisation dans les milieux de Cosserat : application à l'analyse de stabilité du cisaillement rapide des failles." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1181/document.
Full textWhen materials are subjected to large deformations, most of them experience inelastic deformations. It is often accompanied by a localization of these deformations into a narrow zone leading to failure. One particular case of strain localization is the formation of shear bands which are the most common patterns observed in geomaterials. In geological structures, they appear at very different scales, from kilometer scale for subduction zones, to micrometric scale inside fault cores. Studying their occurrence and evolution is of key importance to describe the failure of geomaterials and model seismic slip for mature crustal faults. The pressure and temperature conditions in these faults and the interaction with the pore water inside a highly fractured materials highlight the importance of different physical processes involved in the nucleation of earthquakes. In this thesis, we study the occurrence and evolution of shear bands inside fault gouges taking into account the material microstructure by resorting to elastoplastic Cosserat continua and also the effect of thermo-hydro mechanical couplings. The use of Cosserat theory introduces information about the gouge microstructure, namely the grain size, and permits to regularize the mathematical problem of in the post-localization regime by introducing an internal length into the constitutive equations. Two approaches are used to study the coupled non-linear partial differential set of equations: linear stability analysis and finite element simulations. Linear stability analysis allows to study the occurrence of localized deformation in a mechanical system with multi-physical couplings. Considerations on the dominant wave length of the perturbations permit also to determine the width of the localized zone. This shear band thickness is confirmed by numerical integration in the post-localization regime for a certain range of deformation. The obtained widths of the localized zone are key parameters for understanding fault behavior, are in agreement with experimental and field observations. Moreover, numerical finite element computations enable to model the mechanical response of a fault gouge during seismic slip and give insights into the influence of various physical couplings on the energy budget