Journal articles on the topic 'Localisation discrète'
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1
Huyghe, Christine, and Tobias Schmidt. "𝒟-modules arithmétiques sur la variété de drapeaux." Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal) 2019, no. 754 (September 1, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/crelle-2017-0021.
Abstract:
Abstract Soient p un nombre premier, V un anneau de valuation discrète complet d’inégales caractéristiques (0,p) , et G un groupe réductif et deployé sur \operatorname{Spec}V . Nous obtenons un théorème de localisation, en utilisant les distributions arithmétiques, pour le faisceau des opérateurs différentiels arithmétiques sur la variété de drapeaux formelle de G. Nous donnons une application à la cohomologie rigide pour des ouverts dans la variété de drapeaux en caractéristique p. Let p be a prime number, V a complete discrete valuation ring of unequal characteristics (0,p) , and G a connected split reductive algebraic group over \operatorname{Spec}V . We obtain a localization theorem, involving arithmetic distributions, for the sheaf of arithmetic differential operators on the formal flag variety of G. We give an application to the rigid cohomology of open subsets in the characteristic p flag variety.
2
Pérez, R., V. Puig, J. Pascual, A. Peralta, E. Landeros, and Ll Jordanas. "Pressure sensor distribution for leak detection in Barcelona water distribution network." Water Supply 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2009): 715–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2009.372.
Abstract:
This paper proposes a leakage detection method based on detecting significant discrepancies between pressure measurements and their estimations obtained from the simulation of a calibrated water distribution network model. Every sensor in the network will allow to detect a discrepancy in pressure due to leakage depending on its location. Then, a set of well distributed pressure sensors will generate a leakage signature that allows leakage localisation. This paper presents the methodology used in the Barcelona network for distributing properly the sensors for a good discrimination in the leakage localisation process. The methodology for sensor placement uses the pressure sensitivity matrix to the leakage presence. This matrix is normalised and binarised in order to be used as a leakage signature matrix using the standard model based fault diagnosis approach. Sensors may be installed in any node and leakages are simulated as a constant demand that can appear in any node too. The problem of deciding which are the best localisations for a small number of sensors in order to detect and localise leakages is an inverse problem that should be solved using optimisation. The resulting optimisation problem is of discrete nature and very huge for a real network. This type of problem is, in general, hard to solve and very time consuming. The use of GA (Genetic Algorithms) has been proved adequate according to the formulation of the signatures in the sensitivity matrix.
3
Cancilla, B., A. Davies, M. Ford-Perriss, and GP Risbridger. "Discrete cell- and stage-specific localisation of fibroblast growth factors and receptor expression during testis development." Journal of Endocrinology 164, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1640149.
Abstract:
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of heparin binding proteins involved in many biological processes. These growth factors act through tyrosine kinase receptors (FGFRs); we have previously used immunohistochemistry to study FGFRs-1-4 in foetal, immature and adult rat testes, and found a discrete cell- and stage-specific localisation. Alternative mRNA splicing of FGFRs-1-3 leads to functional variants (IIIb and IIIc) with distinct ligand binding affinities, therefore we have identified the specific expression of functional FGFR variants and the expression and localisation of FGF ligands in testes from foetal, immature and adult rats. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we found that mRNAs for FGFR-1 IIIb and IIIc, FGFR-2 IIIc, FGFR-3 IIIc and FGFR-4 were expressed in foetal, immature and adult testes. Ligands FGFs-1-5, and -8, which can signal through these receptors, were also expressed in testes at each age. Localisation of the ligands FGFs-1, -3 and -4 to rat testes by immunohistochemistry showed a discrete cell- and stage-specific localisation that altered during testis development. This study has shown that the ligands FGFs-1, -3 and -4 are expressed in the testis and have the capacity to signal through appropriate receptors that are also co-localised or expressed in adjacent cell types in the testis. Collectively, the expression profiles of the seven FGFR variants and FGFs-1-5 and -8 suggest a functional importance in testicular development and spermatogenesis. It is concluded that, future studies on the role of other FGF ligands, in particular FGFs-1-4, are warranted.
4
Amar, Patrick. "Pandæsim: An Epidemic Spreading Stochastic Simulator." Biology 9, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9090299.
Abstract:
Many methods have been used to model epidemic spreading. They include ordinary differential equation systems for globally homogeneous environments and partial differential equation systems to take into account spatial localisation and inhomogeneity. Stochastic differential equations systems have been used to model the inherent stochasticity of epidemic spreading processes. In our case study, we wanted to model the numbers of individuals in different states of the disease, and their locations in the country. Among the many existing methods we used our own variant of the well known Gillespie stochastic algorithm, along with the sub-volumes method to take into account the spatial localisation. Our algorithm allows us to easily switch from stochastic discrete simulation to continuous deterministic resolution using mean values. We applied our approaches on the study of the Covid-19 epidemic in France. The stochastic discrete version of Pandæsim showed very good correlations between the simulation results and the statistics gathered from hospitals, both on day by day and on global numbers, including the effects of the lockdown. Moreover, we have highlighted interesting differences in behaviour between the continuous and discrete methods that may arise in some particular conditions.
5
Sulis, Silvia, Anar Rakhimzhanova, and Michele Brun. "Filtering Properties of Discrete and Continuous Elastic Systems in Series and Parallel." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 3832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083832.
Abstract:
Filtering properties and local energy distribution in different classes of periodic micro-structured elastic systems are analysed in this work. Out-of-plane wave propagation is considered in continuous and discrete elastic systems arranged in series and parallel. Filtering properties are determined from the analysis of dispersion diagrams and energy distribution within different phases in the representative unit cell. These are determined analytically by implementing a transfer matrix formalism. The analysis given in the work indicates quantitatively how to couple phases, having discrete and continuous nature, in order to tune wave propagation and energy localisation.
6
Zhang, Renyuan, and Kai Cai. "Supervisor localisation for large-scale discrete-event systems under partial observation." International Journal of Control 93, no. 3 (May 24, 2018): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207179.2018.1471220.
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Ramasamy, Karthik, Stephen Schey, Ghulam J. Mufti, Farzin Farzaneh, and Yolanda Calle. "Hepatocyte Growth Factor Expression in Bone Marrow Microenvironment Is Critical for Progression of MGUS to Myeloma." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 4766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.4766.4766.
Abstract:
Abstract Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) augments proliferation, survival and increases migration of plasma cells in vitro and in addition it induces haemangiogeneis and lymphangiogenesis. C-met (HGF receptor) is expressed on plasma cells and HGF is constitutively elevated in serum of patients with myeloma (MM) and MGUS patients. We investigated the distribution of HGF in bone marrow biopsies to better understand its role in progression of monoclonal gammopathy. Materials and methods: Bone marrow trephines were analysed by immunohistochemistry of paraffin embedded bone marrow (BM) trephine specimens. Trephines were dewaxed without antigen retrieval. Plasma cell enumeration was done using CD38 staining (Novocastra, UK). HGF (Goat antihuman IgG, R&D systems) staining was performed using Vectastain® ABC kit with DAB reactivity. Slides were analysed using an Optical microscope (Zeiss Standard 20, Germany). Results: Archived BM specimens of MM (n= 7), MGUS (n= 5) and normal controls (n=6) were stained in duplicate. Trephines were graded from Grade 1–3 (weak, moderate, strong) based on the intensity of staining. The localisation of staining to paratrabecular, perivascular and intertrabecular areas was analysed. Interstitial and cytoplasmic staining patterns were analysed. HGF staining localised to paratrabecular regions was observed in all normal individuals with staining intensity of Grade 1–2 in 3/6(50%) and Grade 3 in 3/6(50%). In 4/5(80%) patients with MGUS a distinct intertrabecular pattern of staining was observed in discrete regions, where plasma cells were localised. Intensity of staining was Grade 2 in 3/5(60%) and Grade 3 in 2/5(40%) MGUS patients. Plasma cell percentages were between 5–20% in MGUS patients. In MM patients we found a correlation between the plasma cell counts and the degree of HGF staining. In 2/7 (28.5%) patients plasma cell percentages ranged between 5% and 15% and Grade 1–2 discrete paratrabecular staining was observed with none or low perivascular staining. In 5/7 (71.5%) MM patients plasma cell percentages were >20% and Grade 3 confluent staining with interstitial and cytoplasmic location of HGF was observed. In addition, patients with Grade 3 staining presented a strong perivascular localisation of HGF. Conclusion: HGF distribution in bone marrow microenvironment of MGUS and MM patients is non random. We observed that MGUS patients have a discrete intertrabecular pattern and MM patients have a confluent interstitial pattern of staining with strong perivascular localisation. Other groups have shown that high HGF levels increase angiogenesis. We hypothesise that HGF localisation and pattern of distribution in BM microenvironment leads to neo angiogenesis and progression from MGUS to MM. Ongoing studies are evaluating this hypothesis.
8
Li, Yanfang, Ki-Eun Park, and Ryan A. Cabot. "Dynamic changes in nuclear import of a nuclear localisation signal-bearing substrate in 8-cell stage porcine embryos." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 2 (2015): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd13205.
Abstract:
Coordinated intracellular trafficking is critically important for proper timing of major cellular events during embryogenesis. Nuclear import mediated by the karyopherin α/β (importin α/β) heterodimer is perhaps the best characterised nuclear trafficking system in eukaryotic cells. Seven karyopherin α subtypes have been identified in the domestic pig, and although each karyopherin α subtype transports proteins bearing classical nuclear localisation signals (NLSs), individual karyopherin α subtypes have been shown to preferentially transport specific cargoes. The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanism by which BRN2, a transcription factor previously reported to be transported by the karyopherin α/β heterodimer, gains access to the nucleus in porcine oocytes and embryos. Using a combination of in vivo and in vitro assays, we tested the hypothesis that discrete karyopherin α subtypes transport BRN2 into the nuclei of porcine oocytes and cleavage stage embryos. Our results show that ectopically expressed BRN2 adopts a nuclear localisation in all nuclei through the 4-cell stage of development, whereas only a subset of blastomeres in 8-cell stage embryos possess nuclear BRN2. This pattern is unique to BRN2 because another ectopically expressed NLS-containing protein is able to adopt a nuclear localisation in all blastomeres of 8-cell stage embryos.
9
Garstecki, Andrzej, Anna Knitter-Piatkowska, Zbigniew Pozorski, and Krzysztof Ziopaja. "DAMAGE DETECTION USING PARAMETER DEPENDENT DYNAMIC EXPERIMENTS AND WAVELET TRANSFORMATION." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2004): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2004.9636306.
Abstract:
The paper deals with a class of problems, where localised damage is detected using static and dynamic tests. Response of a structure is analysed employing discrete wavelet transformation as a tool for signal processing. The localised damage in beam structures was modelled as bending stiffness reduction. The efficiency of static and dynamic tests is studied. The minimal number of experimental measurement data and the precision of measurements required for the successful damage localisation is discussed by several numerical examples.
10
Pramanik, S., and L. Satish. "Localisation of discrete change in a transformer winding: a network-function-loci approach." IET Electric Power Applications 5, no. 6 (2011): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa.2010.0197.
11
Hu, Gangyi, Shaojie Chen, Chaofeng Chen, Shuangmiao Zhai, and Shaoping Zhou. "An improved discrete elliptic imaging algorithm based on guided waves for defect localisation in curved plates." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 61, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2019.61.11.656.
Abstract:
Many effective image-based algorithms are available for detecting and locating defects in flat plate-like structures. However, there are few studies on image-based algorithms for curved plate structures. An improved method is proposed in this article, which is based on the discrete elliptic imaging algorithm and the improved signal normalisation method. To verify its effectiveness, experiments using a circular array are conducted on curved plates with different degrees of bending. The experimental results show that the improved method can accurately locate defects in curved plates and, compared with the original discrete elliptic imaging algorithm, its range of error in locating a single defect is reduced from 20.2-33.3 mm to 2.7-5.1 mm.
12
Camp-Dotlic, E., D. Froiland, K. L. Kind, H. Irving-Rodgers, J. G. Thompson, and D. L. Russell. "304. Murine HIF-1α localisation by immunohistochemistry in a mouse reproductive tissue." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 9 (2005): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb05abs304.
Abstract:
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are heterodimeric transcription factors consisting of an α and β subunit. The level of O2 within cells regulates the stability of HIF-1α and HIF-1 is considered the primary mediator of cellular responses to hypoxia, helping restore O2 homeostasis by promoting the expression of hypoxia-sensitive genes involved in cell survival, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and metabolism. There are few published studies investigating the role of HIF-1 protein in mouse tissues using immunohistochemistry, due to the lack of a reliable protocol and the inability of many commercially available antibodies to detect murine HIF-1α protein. We have developed a protocol that has allowed us to analyse the presence and location of HIF-1α protein in the mouse epididymis and found that it was predominantly located in the nucleus of discrete principal cells in the epididymis of mice housed under normoxic conditions and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Interestingly, a 2.5× increase (P < 0.05) of HIF-1α protein staining intensity in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of principal cells in the epididymis was detected in mice housed under normoxic conditions but sacrificed with CO2 gas, compared to mice sacrificed by cervical dislocation. HIF-1α protein detection was 3-fold increased in the nucleus and cytoplasm of principal cells when mice were exposed to hypoxic conditions (6% O2 for 1 h). Our results demonstrate that murine HIF-1α can be detected in discrete cells under normoxic conditions, suggesting local differences in O2. Acute hypoxic responses, via deliberate exposure or even CO2 euthanasia can significantly upregulate HIF-1α protein levels. Further studies will investigate the role of HIFs and hypoxia in male and female reproductive function.
13
Andrew, J. P. "Coding gain and spatial localisation properties of discrete wavelet transform filters for image coding." IEE Proceedings - Vision, Image, and Signal Processing 142, no. 3 (1995): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-vis:19951938.
14
Zhang, Renyuan, Kai Cai, Yongmei Gan, and W. M. Wonham. "Delay-robustness in distributed control of timed discrete-event systems based on supervisor localisation." International Journal of Control 89, no. 10 (February 25, 2016): 2055–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207179.2016.1147606.
15
Khezzar, Zaki Aissam, Redha Benzid, Lamir Saidi, and Mostafa Kamel Smail. "Envelope Detection by Shannon Energy Calculation in DCT Domain and DFS-Based Notch Filter for Interference Mitigation in GNSS Receivers." Traitement du Signal 39, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 835–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ts.390308.
Abstract:
A new pre-correlation technique to enhance the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers, against the continuous wave interferences (CWI), is presented. Accordingly, the detection and the localisation procedure are constituted of many steps. First, the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is applied on the contaminated signal. Next, the Shannon-energy envelope detector, in the DCT-domain, is accomplished. Then, all envelope magnitudes above a predefined threshold, representing the interference components, are localized in the frequency domain. The following step consists in the use of the discrete Fourier series (DFS) technique to calculate the corresponding contributing harmonics of the CW interferences. Finally, the interference is reduced efficiently by a subtraction of its approximated version from the original contaminated signal. The results provided from the simulation prove that the DFS-based notch filter in terms of signal quality restoration, for both single-tone and multi-tone, is of superior performance compared to the classical notch filtering.
16
Wang, Xin, Ki-Eun Park, Stephanie Koser, Shihong Liu, Luca Magnani, and Ryan A. Cabot. "KPNA7, an oocyte- and embryo-specific karyopherin?subtype, is required for porcine embryo development." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 2 (2012): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd11119.
Abstract:
Coordinated partitioning of intracellular cargoes between nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments is critical for cell survival and differentiation. The karyopherin α/β heterodimer functions to import cytoplasmic proteins that possess classical nuclear localisation signals into the nucleus. Seven karyopherin α subtypes have been identified in mammals. The aim of this study was to determine the relative abundance of transcripts encoding seven karyopherin α subtypes in porcine oocytes and embryos at discrete stages of cleavage development, and to determine the developmental requirements of karypopherin α 7 (KPNA7), an oocyte and cleavage stage embryo-specific karyopherin α subtype. We hypothesised that knockdown of KPNA7 would negatively affect porcine cleavage development. To test this hypothesis, in vitro matured and fertilised porcine oocytes were injected with a double-stranded interfering RNA molecule that targeted KPNA7; nuclei were counted in all embryos 6 days after fertilisation. Embryos injected with KPNA7-interfering RNAs possessed significantly lower cell numbers than their respective control groups (P < 0.05). In vitro binding assays also suggest that KPNA7 may transport intracellular proteins that possess unique nuclear localisation signals. Our data suggest that embryos have differential requirements for individual karyopherin α subtypes and that these karyopherin α subtypes differentially transport intracellular cargo during cleavage development.
17
Wilkinson, C. R. M., M. Penny, G. McGurk, M. Wallace, and C. Gordon. "The 26S proteasome of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 354, no. 1389 (September 29, 1999): 1523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0496.
Abstract:
The 26S proteasome is the multiprotein complex that degrades proteins that have been marked for destruction by the ubiquitin pathway. It is made up of two multisubunit complexes, the 20S catalytic core and the 19S regulatory complex. We describe the isolation and characterisation of conditional mutants in the regulatory complex and their use to investigate interactions between different subunits. In addition we have investigated the localisation of the 26S proteasome in fission yeast, by immunofluoresence in fixed cells and live cells using a GFP tagged subunit. Surprisingly we find that in mitotic cells the 26S proteasome occupies a discrete intracellular compartment, the nuclear periphery. EM analysis demonstrates that the complex resides inside the nuclear envelope. During meiosis the localisation showed a more dynamic distribution. In meiosis I the proteasome remained around the nuclear periphery. However, during meiosis II there was a dramatic relocalisation wherebye initially the signal occupied the area between the dividing nuclei. At the end of mitosis the signal dispersed returning to the nuclear periphery upon ascospore formation. This observation implies that the nuclear periphery is a major site of proteolysis in yeast during mitotic growth and raises important questions about the function of the 26S proteasome in protein degradation.
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Mouilleron, Stephane, Neil McDonald, and Neil McDonald. "Molecular Analysis of a G-actin Sensor." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314088317.
Abstract:
Actin dynamics control many aspects of cell shape and cell motility through regulatory interactions with a large variety of actin-binding proteins. Signalling to these actin regulators frequently involves a Rho GTPase-stimulated pathway that leads to a dramatic fluctuation in the levels of monomeric actin (G-actin) following polymerisation to F-actin. Recent studies have identified a molecular G-actin sensor called the RPEL domain that links RPEL-containing proteins and their subcellular localisation to actin dynamics. The RPEL domain contains a tandem array of typically three RPEL motifs, each of which is competent to bind a G-actin molecule [1]. The domain is present in two otherwise unrelated protein families; the MRTF family of serum response factor (SRF) transcriptional co-activator proteins and the Phactr family of actin and PP1 phosphatase-binding proteins. We have begun to investigate how the RPEL domain operates in both of these protein contexts and how it modulates subcellular localisation, transcriptional regulation and actomyosin contractility. To define the molecular basis for the sensor we have reconstituted pentameric and trimeric G-actin complexes with the RPEL domain from both MRTF-A and Phactr and used crystallography to reveal discrete supramolecular assemblies with repetitive arrangements of the G-actin subunits around the "crankshaft"-shaped RPEL domain [2,3]. These arrangements are quite different from F-actin intermolecular contacts and are quite unexpected. Our crystal structures reveal cooperative loading of G-actin onto the RPEL domain that we show by several cell-based reporter assays to be of functional importance. These structures explain how G-actin interaction alters the subcellular localisation of both MRTF-A and Phactr by inhibiting nuclear import through competing with importin alpha-beta binding [2,3].
19
Scott, V., T. Sherwin, and K. Gull. "gamma-tubulin in trypanosomes: molecular characterisation and localisation to multiple and diverse microtubule organising centres." Journal of Cell Science 110, no. 2 (January 15, 1997): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.110.2.157.
Abstract:
A genomic clone from Trypanosoma brucei, which contains a full length gamma-tubulin gene, was isolated using degenerate oligonucleotide primers. The sequence of this clone predicts a protein of 447 amino acids having a high degree of homology with gamma-tubulins from human and Xenopus laevis (67.2% amino acid identity) and only 57.7% identity with the Plasmodium falciparum gamma-tubulin. Northern blot analysis of poly(A)+ selected RNA from a procyclic culture detects a major transcript of approximately 2.2 kb plus a minor transcript of approximately 3.6 kb. A fusion protein comprising almost the full length gamma-tubulin gene product (amino acids 8–447) plus an amino-terminal histidine tag has been expressed and purified from Escherichia coli and used to raise a polyclonal antibody. Immunofluorescence, using this antibody, shows classical centrosomal localisation in mammalian cells. In T. brucei gamma-tubulin is present in the basal bodies which subtend the flagellum and also at the anterior tip of the cell body where many minus ends of microtubules are located. Furthermore the antibody reveals a small subset of the sub-pellicular microtubules and a discrete dot within the nucleus which alters form with progression through the mitotic cycle. Evidence is also presented for discrete punctate staining within the microtubules of the cell body which may represent the presence of gamma-tubulin on the ends of individual microtubules. Our results indicate that gamma-tubulin is associated with diverse microtubule organising centres and structures in trypanosomes.
20
Jullien, Denis, Paola Vagnarelli, William C. Earnshaw, and Yasuhisa Adachi. "Kinetochore localisation of the DNA damage response component 53BP1 during mitosis." Journal of Cell Science 115, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.115.1.71.
Abstract:
53BP1 is a vertebrate BRCT motif protein, originally described as a direct interactor of p53, which has recently been shown to be implicated in the early response to DNA damage. Upon DNA damage, 53BP1 re-localises to discrete nuclear foci that are thought to represent sites of DNA lesions and becomes hyperphosphorylated. Several observations suggest that 53BP1 is a direct substrate for the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase. So far, 53BP1 behaviour during mitosis has not been reported in detail. We have examined 53BP1 subcellular distribution in mitotic cells using several antibodies against 53BP1, and ectopic expression of GFP-tagged 53BP1. We found that 53BP1 significantly colocalised with CENP-E to kinetochores. 53BP1 is loaded to kinetochores in prophase, before CENP-E, and is released by mid-anaphase. By expressing various GFP-tagged 53BP1 truncations, the kinetochore binding domain has been mapped to a 380 residue portion of the protein that excludes the nuclear localisation signal and the BRCT motifs. Like many kinetochore-associated proteins involved in mitotic checkpoint signalling, more 53BP1 appears to accumulate on the kinetochores of chromosomes not aligned on the metaphase plate. Finally, we show that 53BP1 is hyperphosphorylated in mitotic cells, and undergoes an even higher level of phosphorylation in response to spindle disruption with colcemid. Our data suggest that 53BP1 may have a role in checkpoint signalling during mitosis and provide the evidence that DNA damage response machinery and mitotic checkpoint may share common molecular components.
21
Viot, P., R. Bouix, I. Iordanoff, and J. L. Lataillade. "Deformation localisation modelling of polymer foam microstructure under compression: A new approach by discrete element modelling." Composite Structures 92, no. 2 (January 2010): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2009.09.008.
22
Bremner, Andrew J., José van Velzen, and Silvia Rigato. "Multisensory hand representations in early life." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x648305.
Abstract:
Research into perceptual and cognitive development has, with notable exceptions, neglected both multisensory processes, and embodied representations. In an attempt to address these issues, I will describe our programme of research tracing the early development of multisensory representations of the hand. I will mention several studies currently being conducted in our lab, including investigations of: (i) the emergence of multisensory processes in hand localisation and ownership in early childhood, (ii) the development of categorical representation of the hand as a discrete body part, (iii) the representation of the location of tactile stimuli on the hand. I will focus mainly on the last of these investigations, relating both behavioural and physiological measures of infants’ and young children’s emerging abilities to use multisensory information to locate the hand and stimuli applied to it across changes in arm posture.
23
Alamdari, Mehrisadat Makki, Jian Chun Li, and Bijan Samali. "A Novel FRF-Based Damage Localisation Method Using Random Vibration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 553 (May 2014): 713–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.553.713.
Abstract:
This paper presents a novel damage localization method based on the measured Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) without demanding any previous data records of the structure in its healthy state. The main innovation of this study starts with reconstruction of FRFs curvature to develop spatial shape functions. It is demonstrated that reconstructed data significantly magnifies the influence of low-frequency spectra in damage detection procedure which is considered the milestone of this approach as excitation of the higher frequencies is not easy to obtain in most practical applications. The modified curvature data in all measured frequencies and locations is interpreted as a two dimensional image and then processed by employing 2-D discrete wavelet transform to detect any abrupt variation at damage site. Level one wavelet decomposition is utilised to provide the finest detail coefficients. It is illustrated that this approach presents a more recognizable pattern at damage site in all measured frequencies. The pattern can be described by a horizontal line parallel to the frequency spectra in 2-D image. Hence, the horizontal detail coefficients are utilised to detect this pattern as they are more sensitive to perturbation with orientation parallel to horizontal axis in the image. The main contribution of this approach lies in the fact that the proposed technique is able to detect the structural damage in all measured frequencies and the effectiveness of the method is independent of the excitation location. Moreover, the results provide a better visualisation at damage site which other FRF-based damage detection methods could not obtain. Applying broadband FRF data in this approach and the fact that there is no need for data from the healthy state of the structure are other advantages accompanying this method. The robustness of the proposed damage identification method was examined with various damage conditions in both single and multiple states. Moreover, the feasibility of the method was verified in presence of practical uncertainties such as noise using extensive numerical simulations. It was demonstrated that the proposed method is particularly attractive for practical applications as it opens an opportunity for online monitoring of the structural integrity without demanding any previous data records of the structure.
24
Khan, Huda, Larry Lockshin, Richard Lee, and Armando Corsi. "When is it necessary to localise product packaging?" Journal of Consumer Marketing 34, no. 5 (August 14, 2017): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-06-2016-1846.
Abstract:
Purpose The common market practice by global consumer brands to create localised packaging for foreign markets conflicts with findings that cast doubt on this strategy. By examining the differential influence of standard (Western) and local (Chinese) packaging on Chinese consumers’ perceptions and choice behaviour, this study aims to examine whether this strategy is effective or even necessary. Design/methodology/approach A pre-test first identified suitable products and brands. Using a multiple methods approach, online participants in China first rated the brands and packaging of hedonic and utilitarian products. The ratings were then validated by triangulating with the results of a discrete choice experiment that captured participants’ choice behaviour. Findings For hedonic products, standard packaging is rated more positively and chosen more often than local packaging. For utilitarian products, there are no differences in ratings and choice. For hedonic products, brand likeability is higher for standard packaging than for local packaging. For utilitarian products, brand likeability does not differ between the two packaging types. Research limitations/implications These findings cast doubt on the effectiveness of indiscriminate packaging localisation. International marketers need to rethink their approach, particularly in non-Western markets. Interviews with five brand managers in charge of major consumer brands in China revealed their actual market practice and further illuminate this study’s findings. Originality/value This is first study to question the common market practice of packaging localisation and investigate the differential effects of standard versus local packaging of foreign products on consumers’ perceptions and choice behaviour.
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Shehin, A. U., and Deepa Sankar. "Copy Move Forgery detection and localisation robust to rotation using block based Discrete Cosine Transform and eigenvalues." Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation 99 (March 2024): 104075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2024.104075.
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Tarulli, Gerard A., Andrew J. Pask, and Marilyn B. Renfree. "Discrete Hedgehog Factor Expression and Action in the Developing Phallus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041237.
Abstract:
Hypospadias is a failure of urethral closure within the penis occurring in 1 in 125 boys at birth and is increasing in frequency. While paracrine hedgehog signalling is implicated in the process of urethral closure, how these factors act on a tissue level to execute closure itself is unknown. This study aimed to understand the role of different hedgehog signalling members in urethral closure. The tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) provides a unique system to understand urethral closure as it allows direct treatment of developing offspring because mothers give birth to young before urethral closure begins. Wallaby pouch young were treated with vehicle or oestradiol (known to induce hypospadias in males) and samples subjected to RNAseq for differential expression and gene ontology analyses. Localisation of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and Indian Hedgehog (IHH), as well as the transcription factor SOX9, were assessed in normal phallus tissue using immunofluorescence. Normal tissue culture explants were treated with SHH or IHH and analysed for AR, ESR1, PTCH1, GLI2, SOX9, IHH and SHH expression by qPCR. Gene ontology analysis showed enrichment for bone differentiation terms in male samples compared with either female samples or males treated with oestradiol. Expression of SHH and IHH localised to specific tissue areas during development, akin to their compartmentalised expression in developing bone. Treatment of phallus explants with SHH or IHH induced factor-specific expression of genes associated with bone differentiation. This reveals a potential developmental interaction involved in urethral closure that mimics bone differentiation and incorporates discrete hedgehog activity within the developing phallus and phallic urethra.
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Ali, Aziah, Wan Mimi Diyana Wan Zaki, Aini Hussain, Noramiza Hashim, and Wan Noorshahida Mohd Isa. "Vessel masking and Hough transform for optic disc localisation from retinal images." F1000Research 11 (February 14, 2022): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73390.1.
Abstract:
Background: Retinal images can be considered as one of the reliable indicators for symptoms of many ocular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration and glaucoma. By analysing and tracking changes of important structures on a retinal image, symptoms of ocular diseases can be detected in a timely manner which helps physicians plan early treatment for better disease control. One of the important landmarks on a retinal image is the optic disc (OD), which must be localised to estimate retinal vessel parameters such as vessel width and tortuosity. This paper proposes a method for automatic OD localisation from a retinal image. Methods: A retinal image is first pre-processed and thresholded to produce a binary image that highlights most retinal vessels on the image. Next, a discrete cosine transform-based smoothing method is employed to replace the detected vessel pixel values on the pre-processed image with values closer to the surrounding neighbour pixel values, effectively masking most vessels on the image. Hough transform is then applied to the vessel-masked image to detect the circle representing the OD on the image, producing the estimated location of the OD center and its estimated diameter. Results: Applying the proposed method to three different public databases, namely Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction (DRIVE), High-Resolution Fundus (HRF) and Methods to Evaluate Segmentation and Indexing Techniques in the field of Retinal Ophthalmology (MESSIDOR) resulted in an overall detection rate of 99.53%. Conclusions: The achieved performance by the proposed method is superior to many published methods of OD localization, with a processing time of less than one second for each image. While this has only been validated on one type of retinal images, future investigations may include validation on other types such as angiograms or scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.
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Druckrey, A. M., K. A. Alshibli, and R. I. Al-Raoush. "Discrete particle translation gradient concept to expose strain localisation in sheared granular materials using 3D experimental kinematic measurements." Géotechnique 68, no. 2 (February 2018): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.16.p.148.
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Gedeon, A. K., I. A. Glass, J. M. Connor, and J. C. Mulley. "Genetic localisation of MRX27 to Xq24-26 defines another discrete gene for non-specific X-linked mental retardation." American Journal of Medical Genetics 64, no. 1 (July 12, 1996): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19960712)64:1<121::aid-ajmg20>3.0.co;2-o.
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Yang, X., K. R. Dunning, T. E. Hickey, R. J. Norman, X. Liang, and R. L. Robker. "511. THE EFFECTS OF HIGH FAT DIET ON LIPID LOCALISATION IN THE PERI-OVULATORY CUMULUS OOCYTE COMPLEX." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 9 (2009): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb09abs511.
Abstract:
Intracellular neutral lipids are stored in discrete droplets that are surrounded by lipid associated proteins, such as adipophilin and perilipin, which control cellular lipid metabolism by regulating the access of lipases. The role of lipids in oocyte maturation is unclear, although they have a potential role as an energy source for the oocyte and early embryo. To elucidate potential mechanisms controlling lipid utilisation in the peri-ovulatory cumulus-oocyte-complex (COC) we 1) localised lipid droplets by immunohistochemistry for adipophilin and perilipin and direct staining of neutral lipids with BODIPY and 2) investigated whether a high fat diet can alter oocyte lipid quantity or localisation. Ovaries were isolated from 21 day old mice before and 10h after the ovulation stimulus hCG. Adipophilin and perilipin were both detected by immunohistochemistry in peri-ovulatory follicles with similar localisation before and after hCG. In separate experiments, adult mice were fed a high fat or control diet for 4 weeks and COCs were isolated from preovulatory follicles prior to hCG or from the oviduct 13h after hCG stimulation followed by BODIPY staining and quantification with confocal microscopy. BODIPY staining showed that COCs possess low levels of lipids evenly distributed in the oocyte before hCG but increased lipid assembled as droplets in the oocyte after ovulation. In mice fed a high fat diet, intracellular lipids were markedly increased in both the cumulus cells and oocytes from preovulatory and ovulated COCs. The ubiquitous expression of lipid droplet proteins in the peri-ovulatory follicle together with the changes in neutral lipid storage concurrent with ovulation suggests that lipid metabolism play an important role in oocyte release, transport and/or developmental competence. Furthermore, the dramatic effect of dietary fat on COC lipid content may contribute to the impaired oocyte quality we have observed in obese mice as well as reduced fertility in obese women
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Kill, I. R. "Localisation of the Ki-67 antigen within the nucleolus. Evidence for a fibrillarin-deficient region of the dense fibrillar component." Journal of Cell Science 109, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): 1253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.109.6.1253.
Abstract:
The Ki-67 antigen is detected in proliferating cells in all phases of the cell division cycle. Throughout most of interphase, the Ki-67 antigen is localised within the nucleous. To learn more about the relationship between the Ki-67 antigen and the nucleolus, we have compared the distribution of Ki-67 antibodies with that of a panel of antibodies reacting with nucleolar components by confocal laser scanning microscopy of normal human dermal fibroblasts in interphase stained in a double indirect immunofluorescence assay. During early G1, the Ki-67 antigen is detected at a large number of discrete foci throughout the nucleoplasm, extending to the nuclear envelope. During S-phase and G2, the antigen is located in the nucleolus. Double indirect immunofluorescence studies have revealed that during early to mid G1 the Ki-67 antigen is associated with reforming nucleoli within discrete domains which are distinct from domains containing two of the major nucleolar antigens fibrillarin and RNA polymerase I. Within mature nucleoli the Ki-67 antigen is absent from regions containing RNA polymerase I and displays only partial co-localisation within domains containing either fibrillarin or B23/nucleophosmin. Following disruption of nucleolar structure, induced by treatment of cells with the drug 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole or with actinomycin D, the Ki-67 antigen translocates to nucleoplasmic foci which are associated with neither fibrillarin nor RNA polymerase I. However, in treated cells the Ki-67 Ag remains associated with, but not co-localised to, regions containing B23/nucleophosmin. Our observations suggest that the Ki-67 antigen associates with a fibrillarin-deficient region of the dense fibrillar component of the nucleolus. Integrity of this region is lost following either nucleolar dispersal or nucleolar segregation.
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Grigoriev, A. S., S. V. Danilchenko, A. I. Dmitriev, A. V. Zabolotsky, A. O. Migashkin, M. Yu Turchin, V. T. Khadyev, and E. V. Shilko. "Computer simulation of steel ladle secondary lining layers effect on localisation and direction of thermal cracks propagation." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 10 (November 25, 2022): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2022-10-3-15.
Abstract:
A study of crack formation in refractory lining of steel ladles during molten metal pouring into the ladle has been carried out by means of mathematical modelling.The aim of the work was to find out thermal and mechanical conditions under which cracks might initiate in lining elements and to predict the orientation and characteristic length of such cracks. Numerical investigation has been carried out using finite and discrete elements methods. Local fracture analysis was carried out with the application of criteria effectively taking into account various elementary fracture mechanisms. Typical cases are studied, in which hot layer of the lining is characterised by different mechanical constraint conditions and temperature conditions at the back surface, determined by features of the buffering and heat-insulating layers condition of the equipment lining. General patterns of crack initiation in different areas of the product under thermal shock caused by pouring molten metal into the ladle are specified. It has been identified that the presence of a temperature gradient parallel to the hot face can lead to a deviation of the crack trajectory mainly in the direction of the hot area of products. Ill. 5. Ref. 30. Tab. 1.
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Marchbank, Katie, Sarah Waters, Roland G. Roberts, Ellen Solomon, and Caroline A. Whitehouse. "MAP1B Interaction with the FW Domain of the Autophagic Receptor Nbr1 Facilitates Its Association to the Microtubule Network." International Journal of Cell Biology 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/208014.
Abstract:
Selective autophagy is a process whereby specific targeted cargo proteins, aggregates, or organelles are sequestered into double-membrane-bound phagophores before fusion with the lysosome for protein degradation. It has been demonstrated that the microtubule network is important for the formation and movement of autophagosomes. Nbr1 is a selective cargo receptor that through its interaction with LC3 recruits ubiquitinated proteins for autophagic degradation. This study demonstrates an interaction between the evolutionarily conserved FW domain of Nbr1 with the microtubule-associated protein MAP1B. Upon autophagy induction, MAP1B localisation is focused into discrete vesicles with Nbr1. This colocalisation is dependent upon an intact microtubule network as depolymerisation by nocodazole treatment abolishes starvation-induced MAP1B recruitment to these vesicles. MAP1B is not recruited to autophagosomes for protein degradation as blockage of lysosomal acidification does not result in significant increased MAP1B protein levels. However, the protein levels of phosphorylated MAP1B are significantly increased upon blockage of autophagic degradation. This is the first evidence that links the ubiquitin receptor Nbr1, which shuttles ubiquitinated proteins to be degraded by autophagy, to the microtubule network.
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Tyrański, Mariusz, Izabela Pasik, Jakub Michał Bujalski, Wojciech Orciuch, and Łukasz Makowski. "Computational Fluid Dynamics of Influence of Process Parameters and the Geometry of Catalyst Wires on the Ammonia Oxidation Process and Degradation of the Catalyst Gauze." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 8123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15218123.
Abstract:
The ammonia oxidation reaction on solid platinum–rhodium gauze is a critical step in nitric acid production. As the global demand for food and fertilisers keeps steadily growing, this remains an essential reaction in the chemical industry. However, harsh conditions inside ammonia burners lead to the degradation of catalytic meshes, severely hindering this process. This manuscript is focused on two issues. The first is the influence of catalyst gauze geometry and process parameters on the efficiency of ammonia oxidation on platinum–rhodium gauze. The second investigated problem is the influence of geometry on catalyst fibre degradation and the movement and deposition of entrained platinum particles. Computational Fluid Dynamics was utilised in this work for calculations. Different catalyst gauze geometries were chosen to examine the relationship between wire geometry and heat and mass transfer by analysing temperature and flow fields. Significantly, the analysis of the temperature gradient on the catalyst surface allowed us to estimate the spots of highest wire degradation and to track lifted platinum particles. The Discrete Phase Model was used to calculate entrained platinum particle trajectories and their deposition’s localisation and efficiency.
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Jende, P., F. Nex, M. Gerke, and G. Vosselman. "FULLY AUTOMATIC FEATURE-BASED REGISTRATION OF MOBILE MAPPING AND AERIAL NADIR IMAGES FOR ENABLING THE ADJUSTMENT OF MOBILE PLATFORM LOCATIONS IN GNSS-DENIED URBAN ENVIRONMENTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-1/W1 (May 31, 2017): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-1-w1-317-2017.
Abstract:
Mobile Mapping (MM) has gained significant importance in the realm of high-resolution data acquisition techniques. MM is able to record georeferenced street-level data in a continuous (laser scanners) and/or discrete (cameras) fashion. MM’s georeferencing relies on a conjunction of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) and optionally on odometry sensors. While this technique does not pose a problem for absolute positioning in open areas, its reliability and accuracy may be diminished in urban areas where high-rise buildings and other tall objects can obstruct the direct line-of-sight between the satellite and the receiver unit. Consequently, multipath measurements or complete signal outages impede the MM platform’s localisation and may affect the accurate georeferencing of collected data. This paper presents a technique to recover correct orientation parameters for MM imaging platforms by utilising aerial images as an external georeferencing source. This is achieved by a fully automatic registration strategy which takes into account the overall differences between aerial and MM data, such as scale, illumination, perspective and content. Based on these correspondences, MM data can be verified and/or corrected by using an adjustment solution. The registration strategy is discussed and results in a success rate of about 95&thinsp;%.
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Van Parijs, Sofie M., Vincent M. Janik, and Paul M. Thompson. "Display-area size, tenure length, and site fidelity in the aquatically mating male harbour seal, Phoca vitulina." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 2209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-165.
Abstract:
Previous studies of the distribution and activity of male harbour seals, Phoca vitulina, based on telemetric techniques have shown that males restrict their range at the onset of the mating season and perform vocal and dive displays. While these data illustrated broad changes in male behaviour and distribution, they were not precise enough to reveal the extent to which individual males repeatedly return to the same locations to display. In this study we used an acoustic array to localise male vocalisations. This technique provided small-scale information on male behaviour over 3 consecutive years. This study provides the first details concerning display-area size in an aquatically mating phocid. Male vocalisations were located in two discrete areas each covering between 40 and 135 m2. Vocalisations were repeatedly located in these two areas over the 3-year period. Comparisons of four vocal parameters suggested that only one individual occupied each area throughout a mating season. Furthermore, comparative analysis suggested that males might return to the same two display areas in successive years. Although the number of males using the site was small, this study showed that acoustic localisation can be a valuable tool for detailed study of the underwater behaviour of aquatically mating pinnipeds.
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Belli, Martina, Giulia Vigone, Valeria Merico, Carlo Alberto Redi, Silvia Garagna, and Maurizio Zuccotti. "Time-Lapse Dynamics of the Mouse Oocyte Chromatin Organisation during Meiotic Resumption." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/207357.
Abstract:
In the mammalian oocyte, distinct patterns of centromeres and pericentromeric heterochromatin localisation correlate with the gamete’s developmental competence. Mouse antral oocytes display two main types of chromatin organisation: SN oocytes, with a ring of Hoechst-positive chromatin surrounding the nucleolus, and NSN oocytes lacking this ring. When matured to MII and fertilised, only SN oocytes develop beyond the 2-cell, and reach full term. To give detailed information on the dynamics of the SN or NSN chromatin during meiosis resumption, we performed a 9 hr time-lapse observation. The main significant differences recorded are: (1) reduction of the nuclear area only in SN oocytes; (2) ~17 min delay of GVBD in NSN oocytes; (3) chromatin condensation, after GVBD, in SN oocytes; (4) formation of 4-5 CHCs in SN oocytes; (5) increase of the perivitelline space, ~57 min later in NSN oocytes; (6) formation of a rosette-like disposition of CHCs, ~84 min later in SN oocytes; (7) appearance of the MI plate ~40 min later in NSN oocytes. Overall, we described a pathway of transition from the GV to the MII stage that is punctuated of discrete recordable events showing their specificity and occurring with different time kinetics in the two types of oocytes.
38
Wang, Huanhuan, Eden Furtak-Cole, and Keith Ngan. "Estimating Mean Wind Profiles Inside Realistic Urban Canopies." Atmosphere 14, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14010050.
Abstract:
Mean wind profiles within a unit-aspect-ratio street canyon have been estimated by solving the three-dimensional Poisson equation for a set of discrete vortex sheets. The validity of this approach, which assumes inviscid vortex dynamics away from boundaries and a small nonlinear contribution to the growth of turbulent fluctuations, is tested for a series of idealised and realistic flows. In this paper, the effects of urban geometry on accuracy are examined with neutral flow over shallow, deep, asymmetric and realistic canyons, while thermal effects are investigated for a single street canyon and both bottom cooling and heating. The estimated mean profiles of the streamwise and spanwise velocity components show good agreement with reference profiles obtained from the large-eddy simulation: the canyon-averaged errors (e.g., normalised absolute errors around 1%) are of the same order of magnitude as those for the unit-aspect-ratio street canyon. It is argued that the approach generalises to more realistic flows because strong spatial localisation of the vorticity field is preserved. This work may be applied to high-resolution modelling of winds and pollutants, for which mean wind profiles are required, and fast statistical modelling, for which physically-based estimates can serve as initial guesses or substitutes for analytical models.
39
Aslan, Ayse, Hanane El-Raoui, Jack Hanson, Gokula Vasantha, John Quigley, Jonathan Corney, and Andrew Sherlock. "Using Worker Position Data for Human-Driven Decision Support in Labour-Intensive Manufacturing." Sensors 23, no. 10 (May 20, 2023): 4928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104928.
Abstract:
This paper provides a novel methodology for human-driven decision support for capacity allocation in labour-intensive manufacturing systems. In such systems (where output depends solely on human labour) it is essential that any changes aimed at improving productivity are informed by the workers’ actual working practices, rather than attempting to implement strategies based on an idealised representation of a theoretical production process. This paper reports how worker position data (obtained by localisation sensors) can be used as input to process mining algorithms to generate a data-driven process model to understand how manufacturing tasks are actually performed and how this model can then be used to build a discrete event simulation to investigate the performance of capacity allocation adjustments made to the original working practice observed in the data. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using a real-world dataset generated by a manual assembly line involving six workers performing six manufacturing tasks. It is found that, with small capacity adjustments, one can reduce the completion time by 7% (i.e., without requiring any additional workers), and with an additional worker a 16% reduction in completion time can be achieved by increasing the capacity of the bottleneck tasks which take relatively longer time than others.
40
Merklein, Marion, Emanuela Affronti, and Jennifer Steiner. "Numerical Investigation of Dry and Lubricated Sheet Metal Forming Processes." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 1029–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.1029.
Abstract:
The current global development towards efficient and sustainable usage of resources as well as a stronger environmental awareness motivates lubrication abandonment in metal forming. Dry forming processes accomplish besides a green production technology also a shortage in production steps and time. However, the change of the tribological conditions influences the material flow during the forming operations and has therefore to be taken into account for the design of complex sheet metal forming operations. The aim of this study is a comparison of dry and lubricated processes by numerical as well as experimental investigations. To ensure reliable results a test setup is necessary which provides a discrete control of the process parameters. Furthermore, an analysis of the local material flow by an optical strain measurement system during the whole test procedure should be possible. These requirements are well fulfilled by the so called Nakajima test, which is typically used for the characterisation of the formability of sheet metals. The influence of varying friction coefficients on the material behaviour is discussed based on the numerical model built up in the Finite Element Software LS-Dyna. The numerical results show a good conformity with the experimental outcomes by identifying the strain localisation. Based on the gained knowledge of the investigations an increase of process understanding for dry forming operations will be derived.
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Daly, Donnacha, and Didier Sornette. "The Altes Family of Log-Periodic Chirplets and the Hyperbolic Chirplet Transform." Symmetry 13, no. 10 (October 13, 2021): 1922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13101922.
Abstract:
This work revisits a class of biomimetically inspired waveforms introduced by R.A. Altes in the 1970s for use in sonar detection. Similar to the chirps used for echolocation by bats and dolphins, these waveforms are log-periodic oscillations, windowed by a smooth decaying envelope. Log-periodicity is associated with the deep symmetry of discrete scale invariance in physical systems. Furthermore, there is a close connection between such chirping techniques, and other useful applications such as wavelet decomposition for multi-resolution analysis. Motivated to uncover additional properties, we propose an alternative, simpler parameterisation of the original Altes waveforms. From this, it becomes apparent that we have a flexible family of hyperbolic chirps suitable for the detection of accelerating time-series oscillations. The proposed formalism reveals the original chirps to be a set of admissible wavelets with desirable properties of regularity, infinite vanishing moments and time-frequency localisation. As they are self-similar, these “Altes chirplets” allow efficient implementation of the scale-invariant hyperbolic chirplet transform (HCT), whose basis functions form hyperbolic curves in the time-frequency plane. Compared with the rectangular time-frequency tilings of both the conventional wavelet transform and the short-time Fourier transform, the HCT can better facilitate the detection of chirping signals, which are often the signature of critical failure in complex systems. A synthetic example is presented to illustrate this useful application of the HCT.
42
Jana, Swadhin Chandra, Priya Dutta, Akanksha Jain, Anjusha Singh, Lavanya Adusumilli, Mukul Girotra, Diksha Kumari, Seema Shirolikar, and Krishanu Ray. "Kinesin-2 transports Orco into the olfactory cilium of Drosophila melanogaster at specific developmental stages." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): e1009752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009752.
Abstract:
The cilium, the sensing centre for the cell, displays an extensive repertoire of receptors for various cell signalling processes. The dynamic nature of ciliary signalling indicates that the ciliary entry of receptors and associated proteins must be regulated and conditional. To understand this process, we studied the ciliary localisation of the odour-receptor coreceptor (Orco), a seven-pass transmembrane protein essential for insect olfaction. Little is known about when and how Orco gets into the cilia. Here, using Drosophila melanogaster, we show that the bulk of Orco selectively enters the cilia on adult olfactory sensory neurons in two discrete, one-hour intervals after eclosion. A conditional loss of heterotrimeric kinesin-2 during this period reduces the electrophysiological response to odours and affects olfactory behaviour. We further show that Orco binds to the C-terminal tail fragments of the heterotrimeric kinesin-2 motor, which is required to transfer Orco from the ciliary base to the outer segment and maintain within an approximately four-micron stretch at the distal portion of the ciliary outer-segment. The Orco transport was not affected by the loss of critical intraflagellar transport components, IFT172/Oseg2 and IFT88/NompB, respectively, during the adult stage. These results highlight a novel developmental regulation of seven-pass transmembrane receptor transport into the cilia and indicate that ciliary signalling is both developmentally and temporally regulated.
43
Morse, Christina, Tracy Tabib, John Sembrat, Kristina L. Buschur, Humberto Trejo Bittar, Eleanor Valenzi, Yale Jiang, et al. "Proliferating SPP1/MERTK-expressing macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis." European Respiratory Journal 54, no. 2 (June 20, 2019): 1802441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02441-2018.
Abstract:
A comprehensive understanding of the changes in gene expression in cell types involved in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) will shed light on the mechanisms underlying the loss of alveolar epithelial cells and development of honeycomb cysts and fibroblastic foci. We sought to understand changes in IPF lung cell transcriptomes and gain insight into innate immune aspects of pathogenesis.We investigated IPF pathogenesis using single-cell RNA-sequencing of fresh lung explants, comparing human IPF fibrotic lower lobes reflecting late disease, upper lobes reflecting early disease and normal lungs.IPF lower lobes showed increased fibroblasts, and basal, ciliated, goblet and club cells, but decreased alveolar epithelial cells, and marked alterations in inflammatory cells. We found three discrete macrophage subpopulations in normal and fibrotic lungs, one expressing monocyte markers, one highly expressing FABP4 and INHBA (FABP4hi), and one highly expressing SPP1 and MERTK (SPP1hi). SPP1hi macrophages in fibrotic lower lobes showed highly upregulated SPP1 and MERTK expression. Low-level local proliferation of SPP1hi macrophages in normal lungs was strikingly increased in IPF lungs.Co-localisation and causal modelling supported the role for these highly proliferative SPP1hi macrophages in activation of IPF myofibroblasts in lung fibrosis. These data suggest that SPP1hi macrophages contribute importantly to lung fibrosis in IPF, and that therapeutic strategies targeting MERTK and macrophage proliferation may show promise for treatment of this disease.
44
Goelen, Jan, Benoni Alexander, Haren Eranga Wijesinghe, Emily Evans, Gopal Pawar, Richard D. Horniblow, and Hannah K. Batchelor. "Quantification of Fluid Volume and Distribution in the Paediatric Colon via Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 10 (October 19, 2021): 1729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101729.
Abstract:
Previous studies have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify the fluid in the stomach and small intestine of children, and the stomach, small intestine and colon of adults. This is the first study to quantify fluid volumes and distribution using MRI in the paediatric colon. MRI datasets from 28 fasted (aged 0–15 years) and 18 fluid-fed (aged 10–16 years) paediatric participants were acquired during routine clinical care. A series of 2D- and 3D-based software protocols were used to measure colonic fluid volume and localisation. The paediatric colon contained a mean volume of 22.5 mL ± 41.3 mL fluid, (range 0–167.5 mL, median volume 0.80 mL) in 15.5 ± 17.5 discreet fluid pockets (median 12). The proportion of the fluid pockets larger than 1 mL was 9.6%, which contributed to 94.5% of the total fluid volume observed. No correlation was detected between all-ages and colonic fluid volume, nor was a difference in colonic fluid volumes observed based on sex, fed state or age group based on ICH-classifications. This study quantified fluid volumes within the paediatric colon, and these data will aid and accelerate the development of biorelevant tools to progress paediatric drug development for colon-targeting formulations.
45
Warren, Derek T., Paul D. Andrews, Campbell W. Gourlay, and Kathryn R. Ayscough. "Sla1p couples the yeast endocytic machinery to proteins regulating actin dynamics." Journal of Cell Science 115, no. 8 (April 15, 2002): 1703–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.115.8.1703.
Abstract:
Sla1p is a protein required for cortical actin patch structure and organisation in budding yeast. Here we use a combination of immunofluorescence microscopy and biochemical approaches to demonstrate interactions of Sla1p both with proteins regulating actin dynamics and with proteins required for endocytosis. Using Sla1p-binding studies we reveal association of Sla1p with two proteins known to be important for activation of the Arp2/3 complex in yeast, Abp1p and the yeast WASP homologue Las17p/Bee1p. A recent report of Sla1p association with Pan1p puts Sla1p in the currently unique position of being the only yeast protein known to interact with all three known Arp2/3-activating proteins in yeast. Localisation of Sla1p at the cell cortex is, however, dependent on the EH-domain-containing protein End3p, which is part of the yeast endocytic machinery. Using spectral variants of GFP on Sla1p(YFP) and on Abp1p (CFP) we show for the first time that these proteins can exist in discrete complexes at the cell cortex. However, the detection of a significant FRET signal means that these proteins also come close together in a single complex, and it is in this larger complex that we propose that Sla1p binding to Abp1p and Las17p/Bee1p is able to link actin dynamics to the endocytic machinery. Finally, we demonstrate marked defects in both fluid-phase and receptor-mediated endocytosis in cells that do not express SLA1, indicating that Sla1p is central to the requirement in yeast to couple endocytosis with the actin cytoskeleton.
46
Whelan, Thomas, Renato F. Salas-Moreno, Ben Glocker, Andrew J. Davison, and Stefan Leutenegger. "ElasticFusion: Real-time dense SLAM and light source estimation." International Journal of Robotics Research 35, no. 14 (September 30, 2016): 1697–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364916669237.
Abstract:
We present a novel approach to real-time dense visual simultaneous localisation and mapping. Our system is capable of capturing comprehensive dense globally consistent surfel-based maps of room scale environments and beyond explored using an RGB-D camera in an incremental online fashion, without pose graph optimization or any post-processing steps. This is accomplished by using dense frame-to-model camera tracking and windowed surfel-based fusion coupled with frequent model refinement through non-rigid surface deformations. Our approach applies local model-to-model surface loop closure optimizations as often as possible to stay close to the mode of the map distribution, while utilizing global loop closure to recover from arbitrary drift and maintain global consistency. In the spirit of improving map quality as well as tracking accuracy and robustness, we furthermore explore a novel approach to real-time discrete light source detection. This technique is capable of detecting numerous light sources in indoor environments in real-time as a user handheld camera explores the scene. Absolutely no prior information about the scene or number of light sources is required. By making a small set of simple assumptions about the appearance properties of the scene our method can incrementally estimate both the quantity and location of multiple light sources in the environment in an online fashion. Our results demonstrate that our technique functions well in many different environments and lighting configurations. We show that this enables (a) more realistic augmented reality rendering; (b) a richer understanding of the scene beyond pure geometry and; (c) more accurate and robust photometric tracking.
47
Lupp, Amelie, Christoph Klenk, Christoph Röcken, Matthias Evert, Christian Mawrin, and Stefan Schulz. "Immunohistochemical identification of the PTHR1 parathyroid hormone receptor in normal and neoplastic human tissues." European Journal of Endocrinology 162, no. 5 (May 2010): 979–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-09-0821.
Abstract:
BackgroundParathyroid hormone (PTH) is a crucial regulator of calcium homoeostasis in humans. Although it is well known that PTH acts primarily on kidney and bone, the precise cellular and subcellular sites of PTH action have not been visualised in human tissues.MethodWe developed and characterised a novel anti-peptide antibody to the carboxy-terminal region of the human PTH receptor type 1 (PTHR1). Specificity of the antiserum was demonstrated by i) detection of a broad band migrating atMr85 000–95 000 in western blots of membranes from human kidney and PTHR1-transfected cells; ii) cell surface staining of PTHR1-transfected cells; iii) translocation of PTHR1 receptor immunostaining after agonist exposure; and iv) abolition of tissue immunostaining by preadsorption of the antibody with its immunising peptide. The distribution of PTHR1 receptors was investigated in 320 human tumours and their tissues of origin.ResultsIn the kidney, PTHR1 receptors were predominantly detected at the basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells in the proximal and distal tubules but not in the thin limbs of Henle, collecting ducts or glomeruli. In bone, PTHR1 receptors were detected as discrete plasma membrane staining of osteocytes and osteoblasts, whereas osteoclasts remained unstained. In addition, PTHR1 was found in the gut and in a number of neoplastic tissues including colorectal carcinoma, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma and osteosarcoma.ConclusionThis is the first localisation of PTHR1 receptors in human tissues at the cellular level. The overexpression of PTHR1 receptors may provide a molecular basis for efficient targeting of human tumours with radiolabelled PTH analogues.
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Hodge, Matthew S., Guri Venvik, Jochen Knies, Roelant van der Lelij, Jasmin Schönenberger, Øystein Nordgulen, Marco Brönner, Aziz Nasuti, and Giulio Viola. "Multiscalar 3D temporal structural characterisation of Smøla island, mid-Norwegian passive margin: an analogue for unravelling the tectonic history of offshore basement highs." Solid Earth 15, no. 5 (May 13, 2024): 589–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-15-589-2024.
Abstract:
Abstract. Smøla island, situated within the mid-Norwegian passive margin, contains crystalline-basement-hosted intricate fracture and fault arrays formed during a polyphase brittle tectonic evolution. Its detailed study may strengthen correlation attempts between the well-exposed onshore domain and the inaccessible offshore domain, further the understanding of the passive margin evolution, and provide useful constraints on petrophysical properties of fractured basement blocks. A combination of geophysical and remote sensing lineament analysis, field mapping, high-resolution drill hole logging, 3D modelling, petrographic and microstructural studies, and fault gouge K–Ar geochronology made it possible to define five deformation episodes (D1 to D5). These episodes occurred between the post-Caledonian evolution of the regional-scale Møre–Trøndelag Fault Complex (MTFC) and the Late Cretaceous and younger crustal extension preceding the final stages of Greenland–Norway break-up. Each reconstructed deformation stage is associated with different structural features, fault and fracture geometries, and kinematic patterns. Synkinematic mineralisations evolved progressively from epidote–prehnite, sericite–chlorite–calcite, chlorite–hematite, hematite–zeolite–calcite, to quartz–calcite. K–Ar geochronology constrains brittle deformation to discrete localisation events spanning from the Carboniferous to the Late Cretaceous. Multiscalar geometrical modelling at scales of 100, 10, and 1 m helps constrain the extent and size of the deformation zones of each deformation episode, with D2 structures exhibiting the greatest strike continuity and D1 features the most localised. Overall, the approach highlighted here is of great utility for unravelling complex brittle tectonic histories within basement volumes. It is also a prerequisite to constrain the dynamic evolution of the petrophysical properties of basement blocks.
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Kill, I. R., J. M. Bridger, K. H. Campbell, G. Maldonado-Codina, and C. J. Hutchison. "The timing of the formation and usage of replicase clusters in S-phase nuclei of human diploid fibroblasts." Journal of Cell Science 100, no. 4 (December 1, 1991): 869–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.100.4.869.
Abstract:
The sites of nascent DNA synthesis were compared with the distribution of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in S-phase nuclei of human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) by two in vitro techniques. Firstly, proliferating fibroblasts growing in culture that had been synchronised at S-phase were microinjected with the thymidine analogue biotin-11-dUTP. The sites of incorporation of biotin into injected cells were compared with the distribution of PCNA by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). In common with other studies, a progression of patterns for both biotin incorporation and PCNA localisation was observed. However, we did not always observe coincidence in these patterns, the pattern of biotin incorporation often resembling the expected, preceding distribution of PCNA. In nuclei in which the pattern of biotin incorporation appeared to be identical to the distribution of PCNA, LSCM revealed that not all of the sites of PCNA immunofluorescence were incorporating biotin at the same time. Secondly, nuclei which had been isolated from quiescent cultures of HDF were innoculated into cell-free extracts of Xenopus eggs which support DNA replication in vitro. Following innoculation into these extracts DNA replication was initiated in each nucleus. The sites of DNA synthesis were detected by biotin-11-dUTP incorporation and compared with the distribution of PCNA by indirect immunofluorescence. Only a single pattern of biotin incorporation and PCNA distribution was observed. PCNA accumulated at multiple discrete spots some 15 min before any biotin incorporation was observed. When biotin incorporation did occur, LSCM revealed almost complete coincidence between the sites of DNA synthesis and the sites at which PCNA was localised.
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Napier, R. M., L. C. Fowke, C. Hawes, M. Lewis, and H. R. Pelham. "Immunological evidence that plants use both HDEL and KDEL for targeting proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum." Journal of Cell Science 102, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.102.2.261.
Abstract:
The epitopes of two monoclonal antibodies raised to a putative auxin receptor have been mapped. Carboxy-peptidase A digestion of the antigen, auxin-binding protein (ABP) purified from maize, completely abolished binding of antibody MAC 256 and impaired binding of MAC 259, suggesting that they both recognise C-terminal epitopes. Published sequences of ABP showed that the C terminus was KDEL, a tetrapeptide used for targeting proteins to the ER in animal cells. We have used this short homology to confirm that the two monoclonals recognise C-terminal KDEL, showing that animal KDEL proteins and synthetic KDEL peptides are recognised and that animal cell ER is stained strongly and specifically. Sucrose density gradient fractionation of maize microsomal membranes showed that plant KDEL proteins, including ABP, fractionated with markers for the endoplasmic reticulum. However, few proteins are stained by anti-KDEL monoclonals in plants. For comparison, a monoclonal antibody raised to a synthetic HDEL peptide was also used and found to stain a set of proteins in all plant species tested. The anti-HDEL and anti-KDEL monoclonals were sequence specific, staining different proteins. On density gradient fractionation HDEL proteins also banded with ER marker activities. However, the intracellular distribution of HDEL and KDEL proteins determined by immunofluorescence was different. Whereas HDEL proteins showed a distribution characteristic of plant ER, and this localisation was confirmed by immunogold labelling of ultrathin sections and electron microscopy, KDEL proteins showed strong fluorescence in discrete parts of the cell cortex. These observations are discussed in terms of the potential these monoclonal antibodies have as markers for ER and of the role ABP plays in plant cell signalling.