Relevant bibliographies by topics / Localisation

Academic literature on the topic 'Localisation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 September 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Localisation"

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Timokhov, Alexey Dmitrievich. "Transcreaction Strategies in Video Game Localisation (based on "Team Fortress 2")." Litera, no. 6 (June 2023): 194–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.38511.

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The article studies transcreation in video game localisation within the modern discursive paradigm, with its focus on Team Fortress 2. The subjects studied are the original (i.e. English) and Russian localisations of the game. The objects of analysis are cases of transcreation, the specifics of transcreation as a phenomenon as well as its patterns with regard to English-Russian localisation. The article analyses and describes examples of cultural adaptation via transcreation, defines and describes the strategies of transcreation, and also seeks to determine the relevance of transcreation regarding video game localisation. As of today, there is a great number of localisation specialists, yet both phenomena of localisation (as whole) and transcreation (in particular, as one of the methods for game content adaptation) lack comprehensive linguistic research. In this respect, the study is novel since it addresses the emerging phenomenon of localisation, thus appealing to new content and introducing new discourse into translation studies. Specifically, the article addresses transcreation as one of the localisation techniques that offers unique requirements to translation both as a process and as a result that differ from the conventional ones in the practice.
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BARNES, DAVID, and CONSTANZE ROITZHEIM. "STABLE LEFT AND RIGHT BOUSFIELD LOCALISATIONS." Glasgow Mathematical Journal 56, no. 1 (February 25, 2013): 13–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089512000882.

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AbstractWe study left and right Bousfield localisations of stable model categories which preserve stability. This follows the lead of the two key examples: localisations of spectra with respect to a homology theory and A-torsion modules over a ring R with A a perfect R-algebra. We exploit stability to see that the resulting model structures are technically far better behaved than the general case. We can give explicit sets of generating cofibrations, show that these localisations preserve properness and give a complete characterisation of when they preserve monoidal structures. We apply these results to obtain convenient assumptions under which a stable model category is spectral. We then use Morita theory to gain an insight into the nature of right localisation and its homotopy category. We finish with a correspondence between left and right localisation.
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Högström, Ebba, Lina Berglund-Snodgrass, and Maria Fjellfeldt. "The Challenges of Social Infrastructure for Urban Planning." Urban Planning 7, no. 4 (December 22, 2022): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v7i4.6526.

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This editorial addresses social infrastructure in relation to urban planning and localisation, drawing together the themes in this thematic issue on “Localizing Social Infrastructures: Welfare, Equity, and Community.” Having contextualised social infrastructure, we present each of the 12 contributions by theme: (a) the social consequences of the localisation of social infrastructure for individuals, (b) the preconditions for localising social infrastructure in the urban landscape, and (c) the social consequences for the long-term social sustainability of the wider community. We conclude with the openings for future research, such as the need to continue researching localisation (for example, the ways localisations of social infrastructure support, maintain, or hinder inclusion and community-building, and which benefits would come out of using localisation as a strategic planning tool); second, funding (the funding of non-commercial social infrastructure and who would take on the responsibility); and third, situated knowledge (the knowledge needed by planners, architects, social service officials, decision makers, and the like to address and safeguard the importance of social infrastructure in urban development and regeneration processes).
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Calvo-Ferrer, José Ramón, and Antonio Jesús Muñoz Villena. "What makes a video game localisation tester? Exploring the effect of individual factors on error detection." Journal of Specialised Translation 42, no. 42 (July 29, 2024): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/cm.jostrans.2024.5978.

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Video game quality assurance (QA) is vital to ensuring a high-quality gaming experience across different languages and regions. Competent localisation testers are expected to have advanced language skills, exceptional attention to detail, and familiarity with the game they are testing. However, individual testing performance differs, prompting the question of what constitutes a proficient localisation tester. In this study, students (N = 43) from the degree in Translation and Interpreting from the University of Alicante and the Specialist degree in Translation for the Video Game Industry from the University of Vigo were asked to test a localised video game which contained deliberate errors introduced for the purpose of this study. Subsequently, they completed questionnaires regarding localisation-related attitudes, personality traits, and trait anxiety levels. The results of various bivariate correlation and multivariate linear regression analyses indicate that translation expertise, low emotional stability, and a preference for screen reading were significant predictors of higher error detection rates. Furthermore, other variables such as attitudes towards video games, punctiliousness, and reading speed correlated with error detection in video game localisation testing. These findings may contribute to the enhancement of tester selection and training processes, resulting in superior localisations and more satisfying player experiences across diverse languages and cultures.
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Adjimabou, JF, A. Bereksi R, P. Berry, and E. Zareski. "Disseminated Peritoneal Leiomyomatosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports 10, no. 5 (May 9, 2022): 439–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2022.v10i05.006.

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Leiomyomas are benign tumours consisting of a proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Extra uterine localisations are rare. Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis corresponds to the localisation of these tumours within several tissues of the body. We report a case of disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis diagnosed in a 36-year- old woman.
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Alamoodi, Munaser, Umar Wazir, Rita A. Sakr, Janhavi Venkataraman, Kinan Mokbel, and Kefah Mokbel. "Evaluating Magnetic Seed Localization in Targeted Axillary Dissection for Node-Positive Early Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy: A Comprehensive Review and Pooled Analysis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 10 (May 14, 2024): 2908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13102908.

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Background/Objectives: De-escalation of axillary surgery is made possible by advancements in both neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) and in localisation technology for breast lesions. Magseed®, developed in 2013 by Dr. Michael Douk of Cambridge, United Kingdom, is a wire-free localisation technology that facilitates the localisation and retrieval of lymph nodes for staging. Targeted axillary dissection (TAD), which entails marked lymph node biopsy (MLNB) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), has emerged as the preferred method to assess residual disease in post-NST node-positive patients. This systematic review and pooled analysis evaluate the performance of Magseed® in TAD. Methods: The search was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar. An assessment of localisation, retrieval rates, concordance between MLNB and SLNB, and pathological complete response (pCR) in clinically node-positive patients post NST was undertaken. Results: Nine studies spanning 494 patients and 497 procedures were identified, with a 100% successful deployment rate, a 94.2% (468/497) [95% confidence interval (CI), 93.7–94.7] localisation rate, a 98.8% (491/497) retrieval rate, and a 68.8% (247/359) [95% CI 65.6–72.0] concordance rate. pCR was observed in 47.9% (220/459) ) [95% CI 43.3–52.6] of cases. Subgroup analysis of studies reporting the pathological status of MLNB and SLNB separately revealed an FNR of 4.2% for MLNB and 17.6% for SLNB (p = 0.0013). Mean duration of implantation was 37 days (range: 0–188). Conclusions: These findings highlight magnetic seed localisation’s efficacy in TAD for NST-treated node-positive patients, aiding in accurate axillary pCR identification and safe de-escalation of axillary surgery in excellent responders.
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Ritmejerytė, Edita, Berin A. Boughton, Michael J. Bayly, and Rebecca E. Miller. "Diverse organ-specific localisation of a chemical defence, cyanogenic glycosides, in flowers of eleven species of Proteaceae." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (April 27, 2023): e0285007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285007.

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Floral chemical defence strategies remain under-investigated, despite the significance of flowers to plant fitness. We used cyanogenic glycosides (CNglycs)—constitutive secondary metabolites that deter herbivores by releasing hydrogen cyanide, but also play other metabolic roles—to ask whether more apparent floral tissues and those most important for fitness are more defended as predicted by optimal defence theories, and what fine-scale CNglyc localisation reveals about function(s)? Florets of eleven species from the Proteaceae family were dissected to quantitatively compare the distribution of CNglycs within flowers and investigate whether distributions vary with other floral/plant traits. CNglycs were identified and their localisation in florets was revealed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). We identified extremely high CNglyc content in floral tissues of several species (>1% CN), highly tissue-specific CNglyc distributions within florets, and substantial interspecific differences in content distributions, not all consistent with optimal defence hypotheses. Four patterns of within-flower CNglyc allocation were identified: greater tissue-specific allocations to (1) anthers, (2) pedicel (and gynophore), (3) pollen presenter, and (4) a more even distribution among tissues with higher content in pistils. Allocation patterns were not correlated with other floral traits (e.g. colour) or taxonomic relatedness. MALDI-MSI identified differential localisation of two tyrosine-derived CNglycs, demonstrating the importance of visualising metabolite localisation, with the diglycoside proteacin in vascular tissues, and monoglycoside dhurrin across floral tissues. High CNglyc content, and diverse, specific within-flower localisations indicate allocations are adaptive, highlighting the importance of further research into the ecological and metabolic roles of floral CNglycs.
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Etheridge, Thomas J., Antony M. Carr, and Alex D. Herbert. "GDSC SMLM: Single-molecule localisation microscopy software for ImageJ." Wellcome Open Research 7 (September 29, 2022): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18327.1.

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Single-molecule localisation microscopy (SMLM) uses software to extract super-resolved positions from microscope images of fluorescent molecules. These localisations can then be used to render super-resolution images or analysed to extract information about molecular behaviour. The GDSC SMLM software provides a set of tools for analysing SMLM data in a single cross-platform environment. The software identifies fluorescent molecules in raw microscope images and localises their positions using stages of spot detection, spot fitting and spot rejection. The resulting localisation data set can then be visualised, cropped and filtered. A suite of downstream analysis tools enable the user to perform single-particle tracking, cluster analysis and drift correction. In addition, GDSC SMLM also provides utility tools that enable modelling of EM-CCD and sCMOS cameras as well as point spread functions (PSFs) for data simulation. The software is written in Java and runs as a collection of plugins for the ImageJ software.
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Barrière, Claude. "Localisation topographique." Paléo 1, no. 1 (1997): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/pal.1997.1540.

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O’Keeffe, Ian R. "Soundtrack Localisation." Journal of Internationalization and Localization 2 (January 1, 2012): 36–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jial.2.03kee.

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This paper focuses on the localisation and adaptation of one particular aspect of the computer game: the soundtrack. Sometimes bespoke, sometimes selected from commercial releases, it provides a background, supporting role in creating atmosphere and supporting the emotive state of the game space. But how often is the target market considered when selecting appropriate musical content? Is it possible to use this almost subliminal channel into the game player’s consciousness to increase his awareness of what is happening around him, and give him a feel for his character’s emotional and physical wellbeing? This paper presents a novel approach for transforming the soundtrack - via a system the author originally created for the purposes of capturing and recreating emotive content in music.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Localisation"

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Huber, Birgit. "Realisability and localisation." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://ubdata.uni-paderborn.de/ediss/17/2007/huber.

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Wimberger, Sandro Marcel. "Chaos and Localisation." Diss., lmu, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-16877.

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Gunatilaka, Ajith Ristic Branko Gailis Ralph. "Radiological source localisation." Fishermans Bend,Victoria : Defence Science and Technology Organisation, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1947/8682.

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Makkerh, Joe Paul Singh. "Nuclear localisation signals." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363121.

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Palis, Elisabeth. "Localisation des insulinomes." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3032.

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Beamond, Eleanor. "Quantum and classical localisation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249185.

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Alonso, i. Fernández Jaume. "Equivariant Cohomology and Localisation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teoretisk fysik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-251286.

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Equivariant localisation is based on exploiting certain symmetries of some systems, generally represented by a non-free action of a Lie group on a manifold, to reduce the dimensionality of integral calculations that commonly appear in theoretical physics. In this work we present Cartan's model of equivariant cohomology in different scenarios, such as differential manifolds, symplectic manifolds or vector bundles and we reproduce the main corresponding localisation results.
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Mahon, Piers Seaburne Macmahon. "Localisation of organelle proteins." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621831.

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Luo, Kai. "MIMO radar : target localisation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11148.

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The research presented in this thesis is concerned with multi-target localisation in MIMO radar. In particular, the aim is to develop novel algorithms which can improve the performance of target localisation. Firstly, a general spatiotemporal received signal model for MIMO radar is formulated. When the targets' relative delays are negligible, the general model turns into the spatial only signal model in which, in order to enjoy the enhanced parameter identifiability brought by the waveform diversity, a combined approach based on the virtual array structure is proposed for the multiple targets' directions and path gains estimation. The virtual array structure enables the proposed approach to identify more targets with accurate estimation. Besides, inspired by STAR manifold in communications, a novel spatiotemporal signal model for MIMO radar is proposed, which enables the existing multi-target localisation methods designed for the spatial only model working for the spatiotemporal one. Secondly, the multi-target localisation of MIMO radar operating in an envi- ronment with closely located targets is concerned. In such a scenario, the mu- tual interferences among targets severely degrade the performance of the current multi-target parameter estimators. Thus, an optimisation which takes account of the suppression of the mutual interferences for multi-target parameter estimation is formulated and the solutions to it are derived. Thirdly, based on these solu- tions, two novel multi-target parameter estimators are presented. By suppressing the interferences in the estimation, both the proposed methods outperform the existing ones. Finally, for the purpose of exploiting the high directional gain provided by the Tx beamforming in the multi-target localisation of MIMO radar, a joint Tx and Rx multi-target localisation approach is proposed. The cooperation between the Tx beamforming and target localisation enables the proposed approach to achieve better performance for the localisation of multiple targets.
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Tap, Jean-Brice. "La localisation des sociétés." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1035.

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Le XXIe siècle s’est traduit pour les opérateurs économiques par un fort mouvement d’internationalisation qui les a aspirés dans une compétition sans frontières et les a conduit à s’implanter sur le globe au gré de leurs intérêts. Dans ce cadre, quelle attitude le droit adopte-t-il face à la problématique de la localisation des sociétés ? La localisation des sociétés est traditionnellement appréhendée comme une question de droit. En somme, le droit fixe les règles permettant d’inscrire les sociétés dans l’espace. Or, le droit parait abandonner une large place à la volonté, à telle enseigne que l’on puisse considérer que la localisation des sociétés s’affirme ainsi comme un élément disponible soumis à l’influence de la volonté. Face à cela, le droit s’intéresse aux décisions sociales qui affecteront la localisation des sociétés. Les règles qui gouvernent l’adoption des décisions affectant la localisation traduisent fidèlement les enjeux de pouvoir au sein des sociétés. La localisation des sociétés est aujourd’hui, pour le droit, la source d’un défi majeur en ce sens qu’elle est le terrain d’objectifs poursuivis par l’ordre juridique. Il n’hésite donc pas à remettre en cause des localisations choisies ou encore à paralyser certains effets attendus d'une localisation par ailleurs maintenue. Le droit s’autorise ainsi non seulement à tracer une frontière entre le licite et l’illicite mais encore à sanctionner les choix qui, bien que licites, auraient des conséquences inacceptables pour l’ordre juridique. La quête d’un équilibre entre la place de la volonté et le respect de l’impérativité irrigue alors l’action du droit sur la localisation des sociétés
The 21st century has seen economic actors taken into a great movement of internationalization drawing them into a border-free competition that led firms to relocate all over the world according to their own interest. Nowadays, every company, and not only multinational corporations, has to consider the opportunity of spreading abroad. Against this background, how does the law cover the issue of companies’ location?The location of companies has traditionally been considered as an issue of law, with a view to mark out the uncertain. The law lays down the rules to situate companies within space, but gives in to free will when it comes to the actual decisions. One could therefore state that private actors enjoy freedom in locating companies, so much so that the strategy of location could be considered as a mere possibility left to free will. Nevertheless, the law still has a say in the social decisions that affect the location of companies.The location of companies has become a major concern within the law today, as it is a ground for legal practitioners to actively achieve changes. Thus, the law does not hesitate to question a location or to paralyse some of its effects. Even though the law remains quite liberal concerning the location of companies, it does exert a form of control over such decisions. This control is twofold: not only does it draw the line between lawful and unlawful; it also frames possible legal actions against unlawful decisions. What is ultimately at stake is the search for balance between free will and necessary regulation
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Books on the topic "Localisation"

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1951-, Côté Robert, ed. Localisation commerciale. Boucherville, Qué: Morin, 1990.

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Ghulinyan, Mher, and Lorenzo Pavesi, eds. Light Localisation and Lasing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139839501.

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Wang Ning and Sun Yifeng, eds. Translation, Globalisation and Localisation. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781847690548.

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Daniel, Gouadec, and Université de Haute-Bretagne, eds. Mondialisation, localisation, francophonie(s). Paris: Maison du dictionnaire, 2004.

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Prest, Mike. Purity, spectra and localisation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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1967-, Dauxois T., ed. Energy localisation and transfer. River Edge, NJ: World Scientific, 2004.

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Centre de recherche et de formation économique et sociale pour le développement (Port-au-Prince, Haiti), ed. Collectivités territoriales: Superficie, population, localisation. 3rd ed. Port-au-Prince, Haïti]: CRESFED, 2005.

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Hovey, Mark. Morava K-theories and localisation. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 1999.

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Haiti) Centre de recherche et de formation économique et sociale pour le développement (Port-au-Prince. Collectivités territoriales: Superficies-population-localisation. Haiti: CRESFED, 1998.

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Gentili, Christian. Guide de localisation des astres. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Localisation"

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Bourbaki, N. "Localisation." In Algèbre commutative, 67–180. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-33976-2_3.

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Pugh, Gilbert. "Localisation." In Psychotherapy Meets Emotional Neuroscience, 115–21. Title: Psychotherapy meets emotional neuroscience : the two minds of cognition and feeling / Gilbert Pugh.Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429319303-8.

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Walters, Robert. "Localisation." In Cybersecurity and Data Laws of the Commonwealth, 159–67. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3935-0_7.

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Madkour, M. Monir. "Haematological Localisation." In Madkour’s Brucellosis, 33–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59533-2_4.

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Fermé, Christophe, and Martin Schlumberger. "Localisation thyroïdienne." In Tumeurs malignes rares, 59–60. Paris: Springer Paris, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-72070-3_10.

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Girard, Nicolas, and Jean-François Cordier. "Localisation thoracique." In Tumeurs malignes rares, 141–42. Paris: Springer Paris, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-72070-3_24.

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Girard, N., and J.-F. Cordier. "Localisation thoracique." In Tumeurs malignes rares, 205–7. Paris: Springer Paris, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-72070-3_35.

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Thieblemont, Catherine. "Localisation oculaire." In Tumeurs malignes rares, 55–58. Paris: Springer Paris, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-72070-3_9.

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Khan, Huda, and Wayne Wang. "Packaging Localisation." In Consumer Packaging Strategy, 40–57. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003000822-6.

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Landsberg, David, Hana Chockler, and Daniel Kroening. "Probabilistic Fault Localisation." In Hardware and Software: Verification and Testing, 65–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49052-6_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Localisation"

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Cody-Kenny, Brendan, Michael O'Neill, and Stephen Barrett. "Performance localisation." In ICSE '18: 40th International Conference on Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3194810.3194815.

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Favilla, Stuart, Matthew Shackleton, Carl Looper, David Sly, and Joanne Cannon. "Acoustic sound localisation." In OzCHI '18: 30th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3292147.3292212.

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Williams, M. "Localisation and wordprocessing." In IEE Colloquium Speech and Language Engineering - State of the Art. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19980964.

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Cox, Susan. "Accelerating Localisation Microscopy." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2015.sth4k.1.

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Penny, Will. "Simultaneous Localisation and Planning." In 2014 4th International Workshop on Cognitive Information Processing (CIP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cip.2014.6844499.

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Mafi, Arash, Salman Karbasi, Karl W. Koch, Thomas Hawkins, John Ballato, Marco Leonetti, and Claudio Conti. "Anderson localisation in fibres." In 2014 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecoc.2014.6964230.

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Schäler, Reinhard. "Language resources and localisation." In the Second International Workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1708087.1708091.

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Cabrera-Ponce, Aldrich, Manuel Martin-Ortiz, and Jose Martinez-Carranza. "Discrete Hierarchical Continual Learning for Single View Geo-Localisation." In LatinX in AI at Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference 2023. Journal of LatinX in AI Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52591/lxai202306189.

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GPS-based aerial localisation presents a challenge for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) due to signal loss caused by weather conditions. As a result, vision-based methods have been developed to address this issue using the cameras onboard UAVs. The main challenge is to achieve UAV localisation during a flight mission using aerial images and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). To solve this, we propose an aerial localisation methodology based on the sub-mapping concept using continual learning and a multimodel approach. We evaluate and compare our results with ORB-SLAM2, keyframe searching using colour histogram, and with a single model. Additionally, we show that our approach can find the corresponding sub-map and get the camera localisation from a single aerial image with an average accuracy of 0.77 and a processing speed of 69 fps.
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Ebner, Frank, Toni Fetzer, Frank Deinzer, Lukas Koping, and Marcin Grzegorzek. "Multi sensor 3D indoor localisation." In 2015 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2015.7346772.

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Hindmarch, Ian, Paul Thomas, Mark Beach, and Andrew Nix. "Movement model enhanced RSS localisation." In 2016 International Conference on Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2016.7533849.

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Reports on the topic "Localisation"

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Niewiadomski, J. Techniques de localisation des foyers fondées sur l'arrivée des ondes p. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305044.

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2

Martin, Julien, and Florian Mayneris. Revue de littérature sur l’incidence fiscale des taxes sur les entreprises. CIRANO, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/fxqq9060.

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Ce rapport présente une recension des travaux récents sur l’incidence fiscale de l’imposition des entreprises. Après une discussion des effets théoriques d’une hausse de la taxation des entreprises sur les actionnaires, les travailleurs et les consommateurs, les études empiriques sur le sujet sont discutées suivant quatre dimensions : (i) l’incidence de l’imposition des revenus des sociétés (en ce compris les dividendes), (ii) l’incidence de la taxation de la masse salariale, (iii) l’évitement de la taxation par les choix de localisation des unités de production, (iv) l’évitement de la taxation par les choix de localisation des profits d’un point de vue comptable. L’analyse permet de tirer 9 enseignements utiles pour penser la mise en place des politiques fiscales et leurs implications.
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3

Kumi, Emmanuel Kumi, and Thomas Yeboah Yeboah. Localisation Agenda, Shift the Power and African Philanthropic Models in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal. West Africa Civil Society Institute (WACSI), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15868/socialsector.39047.

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4

Hakeem, Luqman, and Riaz Hussain. Key Considerations: Localisation of Polio Vaccination Efforts in the Newly Merged Districts (Tribal Areas) of Pakistan. SSHAP, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.035.

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Poliomyelitis (polio) remains a vital global public health challenge, particularly in countries where eradication efforts are ongoing. For almost three decades, polio programme and frontline workers in Pakistan have suffered human and financial losses due to complex political and bureaucratic management, local resistance to programme efforts, and the context of cross-border insurgency and insecurity.1 Many stakeholders in Pakistan continue to have low confidence in frontline workers and polio vaccination campaigns. In this environment, it is essential that vaccination programmes localise – by taking careful account of the local context, improving local ownership of the programmes, understanding and mitigating the issues at a grassroots level, and tailoring efforts to achieve polio eradication goals. This brief draws on evidence from academic and grey literature, data on polio vaccine uptake, consultations with partners working on polio eradication in Pakistan, and the authors’ own programme implementation experience in the country. The brief reviews the social, cultural, and contextual considerations relevant to increasing polio vaccine uptake amongst vulnerable groups in Pakistan’s tribal areas. It focuses on the current country context, in the aftermath of the 2018 merger of the former Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (KPK). This brief is part of a series authored by participants from the SSHAP Fellowship, and was written by Luqman Hakeem and Riaz Hussain from Cohort 2. Contributions were provided by response partners in Pakistan including health communication and delivery staff and local administrative authorities. This brief was reviewed by Muhammad Sufyan (University of Swabi) and Ilyas Sharif (Quaid-e-Azam College of Commerce, University of Peshawar). The brief was supported by Megan Schmidt-Sane and Santiago Ripoll at the Institute of Development Studies and is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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5

Kira, Beatriz, Rutendo Tavengerwei, and Valary Mumbo. Points à examiner à l'approche des négociations de Phase II de la ZLECAf: enjeux de la politique commerciale numérique dans quatre pays d'Afrique subsaharienne. Digital Pathways at Oxford, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2022/01.

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Realities such as the COVID-19 pandemic have expedited the move to online operations, highlighting the undeniable fact that the world is continuing to go digital. This emphasises the need for policymakers to regulate in a manner that allows them to harness digital trade benefits while also avoiding associated risk. However, given that digital trade remains unco-ordinated globally, with countries adopting different approaches to policy issues, national regulatory divergence on the matter continues, placing limits on the benefits that countries can obtain from digital trade. Given these disparities, ahead of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Phase II Negotiations, African countries have been considering the best way to harmonise regulations on issues related to digital trade. To do this effectively, AfCFTA members need to identify where divergencies exist in their domestic regulatory systems. This will allow AfCFTA members to determine where harmonisation is possible, as well as what is needed to achieve such harmonisation. This report analyses the domestic regulations and policies of four focus countries – South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya and Senegal – comparing their regulatory approaches to five policy issues: i) regulation of online transactions; ii) cross-border data flows, data localisation, and personal data protection; iii) access to source code and technology transfer; iv) intermediary liability; and v) customs duties on electronic transmissions. The study highlights where divergencies exist in adopted approaches, indicating the need for the four countries – and AfCFTA members in general – to carefully consider the implications of the divergences, and determine where it is possible and beneficial to harmonise approaches. This was intended to encourage AfCFTA member states to take ownership of these issues and reflect on the reforms needed. As seen in Table 1 below, the study shows that the four countries diverge on most of the five policy issues. There are differences in how all four countries regulate online transactions – that is, e-signatures and online consumer protection. Nigeria was the only country out of the four to recognise all types of e-signatures as legally equivalent. Kenya and Senegal only recognise specific e-signatures, which are either issued or validated by a recognised institution, while South Africa adopts a mixed approach, where it recognises all e-signatures as legally valid, but provides higher evidentiary weight to certain types of e-signatures. Only South Africa and Senegal have specific regulations relating to online consumer protection, while Nigeria and Kenya do not have any clear rules. With regards to cross border data flows, data localisation, and personal data protection, the study shows that all four focus countries have regulations that consist of elements borrowed from the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In particular, this was regarding the need for the data subject's consent, and also the adequacy requirement. Interestingly, the study also shows that South Africa, Kenya and Nigeria also adopt data localisation measures, although at different levels of strictness. South Africa’s data localisation laws are mostly imposed on data that is considered critical – which is then required to be processed within South African borders – while Nigeria requires all data to be processed and stored locally, using local servers. Kenya imposes data localisation measures that are mostly linked to its priority for data privacy. Out of the four focus countries, Senegal is the only country that does not impose any data localisation laws. Although the study shows that all four countries share a position on customs duties on electronic transmissions, it is also interesting to note that none of the four countries currently have domestic regulations or policies on the subject. The report concludes by highlighting that, as the AfCFTA Phase II Negotiations aim to arrive at harmonisation and to improve intra-African trade and international trade, AfCFTA members should reflect on their national policies and domestic regulations to determine where harmonisation is needed, and whether AfCFTA is the right platform for achieving this efficiently.
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6

Rencz, A. N., C. Bowie, and B. C. Ward. Applications des images thermiques tirées des données LANDSAT à la localisation de kimberlites, région du lac de Gras, district de Mackenzie (T.N.-O.). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/211838.

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7

Subramanian, Kumaresh Timma, and Abdolazeem Elnour. Comparison of three new wireless non-radiation techniques for localisation of non-palpable breast cancer - an updated systematic review and pooled meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.12.0118.

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8

Huynh, Diana, Lisa Rohrer, Åsa Ström Hildestrand, Nora Sánchez Gassen, and Henrietta Nyström. What’s in a Voluntary Local Review? Developing meaningful indicators to measure local Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) progress in the Nordics. Nordregio, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2022:2.2001-3876.

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This policy brief is based on the second of three webinars on Localising Agenda 2030 in the Nordics. It aims to highlight the shared experiences between Nordic municipalities and inspire local and national decision-makers to invest in and build capacity for measuring and reporting on SDG localisation. During the session, the cities of Espoo, Finland, and Helsingborg, Sweden, offered their best practices on developing and applying local indicator sets and shared how they went about conducting their respective VLRs. Panel experts from the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities (KS) and the Icelandic Association of Local Authorities (Samband) also joined the discussion. The challenges of developing comprehensive methodologies suited to the local context, working across departments, and coordinating with fellow Nordic municipalities to report on common targets were among the topics addressed during the session.
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9

Banga, Karishma, and Alexander Beyleveld. Are Trade Rules Undermining Taxation of the Digital Economy in Africa? Institute of Development Studies, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.007.

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African countries are currently considering provisions in the AfCFTA and at the WTO to liberalise digital trade. As they face mounting fiscal pressures, it is imperative that they beware the implications of digital trade provisions for their ability to tax their digital economy. In this paper, we develop a comprehensive framework for analysing the impact of trade rules on tax regimes in the digital economy, with a focus on Kenya, Rwanda, and South Africa. We explore how trade rules ostensibly shape tax policies and their implications for revenue generation. By examining rules regulating trade in services and the imposition of customs duties on electronic transmissions, we identify how these rules may directly impact tax policies and limit revenue generation possibilities. Moreover, digital trade rules, such as those related to data flows, localisation, and source code sharing, have the capacity to produce both indirect and administrative effects on tax measures. These rules can alter tax structures, taxation rights, data collection, and the capacity to monitor and implement tax measures. Our findings shed light on the complex interplay between trade rules and tax measures, highlighting potential challenges and opportunities for revenue generation from the digital economy in African countries.
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10

Mondin, Christophe, Nathalie de Marcellis-Warin, Céline Castets-Renard, Philippe Després, Pierre-Luc Déziel, Sébastien Gambs, Lyse Langlois, and Guillaume Macaux. Recension des solutions technologiques développées dans le monde afin de limiter la propagation de la COVID-19 et typologie des applications de traçage. Observatoire international sur les impacts sociétaux de l’intelligence artificielle et du numérique, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.61737/ytfm1783.

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En réponse à la pandémie de COVID-19, la communauté scientifique mondiale, les gouvernements, ainsi qu’une partie de la société civile se sont rapidement mobilisés pour essayer de ralentir la propagation du virus, protéger la population, sauver des vies et permettre un retour à une vie « normale » avec une reprise des activités économiques le plus rapidement possible. Dans ce contexte, une multitude de solutions technologiques s’appuyant sur des outils jusqu’à lors jamais utilisés en contexte de crise sanitaire ont été développées et certaines déjà déployées à travers le monde afin d’aider à lutter contre la propagation du virus. Ce document de recension préparé par Christophe Mondin et Nathalie de Marcellis-Warin, propose d’abord un tour d’horizon d’un grand nombre de solutions technologiques développées dans le monde en réponse à la pandémie. Cette recension est par la suite axée sur les applications de traçage pour téléphones intelligents qui visent à limiter les chaînes de contagion, soit par la recherche de contacts (« contact tracing ») ou par la localisation (« position tracking) » des individus, infectés ou non par le coronavirus. Une typologie de ces applications de traçage complète ce rapport et les présente par grandes catégories et selon leurs caractéristiques principales. Cette analyse descriptive des applications de traçage met en lumière certains enjeux à prendre en compte lors du choix d’une technologie par rapport à une autre.
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