Journal articles on the topic 'Local welfare services'
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1
Nemeth, Courtney L. "Changing Welfare Services: Case Studies of Local Welfare Reform Programs." Psychiatric Services 56, no. 8 (August 2005): 1028—a—1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.56.8.1028-a.
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Goldberg, Gertrude Schaffner. "Book Review: Changing Welfare Services: Case Studies of Local Welfare Reform Programs." Affilia 20, no. 3 (August 2005): 376–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109905277671.
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Reese, Laura A., and Xiaomeng Li. "Change in Service Provision Networks: The Case of Animal Welfare Services." State and Local Government Review 53, no. 1 (March 2021): 14–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160323x211009285.
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This research focuses on change within informal service provision networks, specifically examining the impact that changes within a key organization can have on the larger network. Employing a before and after survey design with a treatment at the midpoint and participant observation, it asks: What is the impact of a major change within one organization on the larger external network? What is the nature of the organizational ties? and, How do political factors exogenous to the network impact the network evolution process? The findings suggest that internal change within a focal actor can have ripple effects throughout the network increasing density. Public service provision at the local level can be enhanced through an increase in partnerships between the public and nonprofit sectors. However, network evolution can be limited by the larger political environment and lack of a coordinating role on the part of local government.
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JENSEN, PER H., and HENRIK LOLLE. "The Fragmented Welfare State: Explaining Local Variations in Services for Older People." Journal of Social Policy 42, no. 2 (January 21, 2013): 349–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279412001006.
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AbstractMuch research focusing on the welfare state is based on the assumption that welfare regimes are homogenous entities. This idea is supported by studies analysing cash benefits. In the area of welfare services, however, local governments in most countries have some autonomy regarding policy formation as well as the design and implementation of policies. In practice, substantial local differences exist with regard to the provision of welfare services, which in turn challenge our conception of nation-wide homogenous welfare state regimes. This paper examines the factors causing marked differences in local government spending in the provision of care for older people in Denmark. The conclusion is that the wealth of the municipality, local demographics and privatisation can explain about 48 per cent of the differences in local government spending. Political factors such as the ‘colour’ of local government have no explanatory power, while a high percentage of women in municipal councils appears to have a slightly negative effect on spending.
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Rodríguez-García, María Jesús, Clemente J. Navarro-Yáñez, and Ángel R. Zapata-Moya. "Local Welfare Systems and Health Inequalities: The Effects of Institutional Overlapping and Local Variations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 15447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315447.
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A growing research agenda shows the importance of local welfare systems in understanding socio-spatial inequalities in health. Welfare services provided by local governments overlap with those provided by other levels of government. Thus, differences in the provision of welfare services between municipalities could explain differences in residents’ health, moderating the magnitude of health inequalities if local governments deploy actions capable of positively influencing the social determinants of health. This article attempts to analyse this idea in the Spanish case, exploring the influence of local policies according to the orientation of municipal spending on three indicators of the population’s health status: self-perceived health, healthy practices and activity limitations due to health problems. A multilevel cross-sectional study was designed using information from two waves of the 2006–2007 and 2011–2012 National Health Survey for the population aged 15 years and older (N = 31,378) residing in Spanish municipalities of 20,000 inhabitants or over (N = 373). The results show that the magnitude of inequalities in self-perceived health, in the adoption of healthy practices and in daily activity limitations by social class are smaller as municipalities” spending was oriented towards policy areas considered as redistributive. Therefore, the proposed institutional overlap thesis could help understand the role of subnational governments on the magnitude of health inequalities, as well as in comparative analysis between countries with institutional systems in which local governments have a greater or lesser capacity to provide welfare services.
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Ng-Tay, Cindy Hui Mei, Joyce Teo, and Yi Ying Ng. "Trauma-informed child welfare practice model in Methodist Welfare Services Covenant Family Service Centre (Singapore)." Children Australia 44, no. 02 (April 29, 2019): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2019.10.
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AbstractIn view of the rise in child abuse in Singapore, our Family Service Centre developed a child welfare practice model to guide and anchor our practitioners in trauma-informed approaches. This practice model was developed over two years through literature reviews and qualitative interviews with practitioners. Three aspects of the practice model were found to be key in ensuring practitioners were trauma-informed in their practices, these being: the principles and values related to trauma-informed practice; reflection by practitioners on their attachment history and self; and the assessment of caregivers’ characteristics. Despite this practice model being largely beneficial for practitioners in our agency, implementation in the local context gives rise to certain challenges due to differences in beliefs about disciplining children.
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Forns i Fernández, Maria Victòria. "The Management of Local Social Services in Spain." A&C - Revista de Direito Administrativo & Constitucional 22, no. 87 (March 10, 2022): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21056/aec.v22i87.1585.
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This paper reviews the organizational, competency and delivery system of social services at local level, with emphasis on Catalonia, understanding that local authorities become the essential unit from which to deploy basic social services, thus responding to universality, proximity and decentralization and contributing to ensuring the welfare state.
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Yim,Seok-Hoi. "Regional Disparity of Social Welfare Services in Local Administrative Areas: Focused on Welfare Facilities." Journal of the Association of Korean Photo-Geographers 19, no. 4 (December 2009): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35149/jakpg.2009.19.4.001.
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Koo, Chan Dong, Heung Ju Kim, and Pan Suk Kim. "Analysis on the Unequal Welfare Service Distribution among Local Governments in Korea." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 12, no. 2 (April 16, 2014): 225–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/12.2.225-248(2014).
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This study analyzes the inequality of service distribution of Korea's local welfare services including basic living security, childcare, and senior care services in terms of territorial justice. Using Korea's welfare finance database, the units and resources of local governments, annual tendencies and factors of inequality are investigated by employing the welfare expenditure per service consumer as a measurement index. The results show that inequality is high in the expenditures of Si (city), Gun (county), and Gu (district) governments per service consumer, with grants from upper governments excluded. It is lessened when the budget includes the aid of the central government, which implies that the assistance of the central government plays a role in resolving the unequal expenditure distribution per service consumer. High inequality in the self-funded expenditure of Si, Gun, and Gu governments hints to wide regional gaps caused by differences in financial independence of local governments which will affect social welfare services provided by local governments. Therefore, welfare programs need to be fully financed by the central government in light of territorial justice.
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Griffin, James M., and Thomas H. Mayor. "The Welfare Gain from Efficient Pricing of Local Telephone Services." Journal of Law and Economics 30, no. 2 (October 1987): 465–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/467145.
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Genova, Angela. "Integrated Services in Activation Policies in Finland and Italy: A Critical Appraisal." Social Policy and Society 7, no. 3 (July 2008): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474640800434x.
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The integration of welfare services in activation policies has been one of the common answers to welfare challenges in EU member states over the last two decades. The process has been interwoven with the rescaling both downwards and upwards of welfare regulative authorities. The article discusses the role of integrated services in activation policies in relation to the centralisation and decentralisation of welfare policies in a comparative perspective of different EU welfare regimes and highlights the role of local institutional milieus in shaping path-dependent modes of governance in integrated services.
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BIFULCO, LAVINIA, and TOMMASO VITALE. "Contracting for Welfare Services in Italy." Journal of Social Policy 35, no. 3 (June 26, 2006): 495–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279406009895.
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The 1990s witnessed the spread and broadening in Europe of different types of relationships between public administration and private organisations (both for-profit and non-profit), derived from the two main categories of contracting out and accreditation. These models, linked to the process of developing new modes of governance, also focus on forms of contracting between providers and users of services. This contractual configuration of local welfare systems appears to encourage ‘civil society’ and recipients to play a more active role in designing interventions and putting them into practice. Nonetheless, several questions still remain to be answered, mainly concerning the different position adopted by the beneficiaries in the case of intervention theoretically aimed at ensuring or increasing their ‘freedom of choice’. This article sets out to analyse these questions with specific reference to the implementation of the Italian legal reform of social services. The field of observation covers interventions based on economic benefits looking to promote recipients' independence. Our intention is to focus on whether and how the present structures incorporate and elaborate this impulse towards change, with particular reference to the new configuration of the users' own position.
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Herts, Barbara. "Local Government Reorganisation and Children's Services in England." Adoption & Fostering 21, no. 2 (July 1997): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857599702100210.
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Drawing on her experience of working with authorities undergoing major changes through local government reorganisation, Barbara Herts outlines some of these developments in England. She goes on to look at changing service structures and new joint arrangements between authorities, and considers their possible implications for the welfare of looked after children. Funding is clearly a key issue. Another is the need for collaboration between different services like education and health, especially if the implementation of Children's Services Plans is to be successful.
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Babić, Zdenko, and Zoran Šućur. "The Matthew Effect in Local Welfare Policy in Croatia." Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava 22, no. 1 (May 2, 2022): 159–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31297/hkju.22.1.1.
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The ESSPROS methodology was first used in Croatia in 2018 to collect data on social protection expenditure in local government, for the year 2017. The aim of this research is to use these data to reveal the level of social inequalities between regional government units (counties) in Croatia and to demonstrate the Matthew effect in the functioning of local welfare policies. Quantitative analysis has demonstrated a significant level of spatial and local disparities in the availability of institutional care for the elderly and children, as well as uneven social protection in terms of the provision of cash or in-kind benefits. The Matthew effect in the local social protection can be found in different forms in different social protection programmes which are provided at the local level, with the general rule that the more developed local units invest more in social services and provide greater cash benefits to their citizens. The underdevelopment of these services is particularly noticeable in the less developed, eastern part of Croatia (counties of Slavonia), while at the same time, highly developed social services are provided in the City of Zagreb. Over the last 20 years, uneven economic development and partial decentralisation have created a situation in Croatia in which one of the fundamental principles of social welfare and social policy, the principle of equality, has been seriously compromised. This has brought about the problem of double inequalities: economic ones, as a result of a lower level of development and continuous lagging behind in the development of local and regional self-government units, and social inequalities, as a result of the inability of less developed units to provide similar levels of social protection to their citizens.
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Sairanen, Sanna, and Pekka Sulkunen. "From Centralized to Local Alcohol Policy? Administrative Decentralization and the Role of Local Municipalities in Finnish Alcohol Policy." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 15, no. 2 (April 1998): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507259801500203.
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The main concern in the article is with the question of how far the administration of welfare policy in general and alcohol policy in particular has been decentralized from central government to the local level. The period under review extends from the abrogation of the Prohibition Act in 1932 up to the present day. For the part of alcohol policy, the development is measured on the basis of the changes that have taken place in alcohol legislation, specifically with regard to alcohol control and licensing. Separate treatment is given to municipal alcohol inspection and alcohol and temperance committees. The latitude of local self-government in welfare policy issues is described by reference to the government grant system. The resources allocated by central government to local municipalities may be earmarked for specific projects, or alternatively be granted for allocation according to the local municipality's own discretion. The article also introduces a case study on the alcohol policy decision-makers in a Finnish municipality in 1991–1994. Local municipalities have greater autonomy today in the implementation and funding of welfare services than they did during the formative years of the welfare state. It is possible that in the future Finnish municipalities will become increasingly differentiated in terms of both the quality and quantity of services. However, local municipalities still remain first and foremost service providers; it seems that they have not even wanted to assume responsibility for the advocacy and protection of moral-political democracy. The same applies to alcohol policy. For the most part, local municipalities have tried to shed their responsibilities and reduce their influence in alcohol policy decision-making. During the 1990s municipalities have no longer wanted to assume responsibility for alcohol control or for the processing of licensing and retail sales permits. The article concludes that local municipalities consider the lack of services a greater problem than the social or health problems associated with alcohol.
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Kelly, Paige, and Linda Lobao. "Whose Need Matters?: The Local Welfare State, Poverty, and Variation in US Counties’ Social Service Provisioning." Social Currents 8, no. 6 (October 2, 2021): 566–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23294965211047886.
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Sociologists have long studied poverty across localities. Yet, little research focuses on local governments and the social services they directly provide to those in-need. Researchers concerned with the US welfare state note that localized administration of social programs creates geographic variability in provisioning and potential for status-based discrimination, such as racism, to influence policy. This paper addresses two questions: (1) To what extent does local need influence counties’ provision of social services? (2) Does the provision of social services vary according to which social group is most in-need? Conceptually, we break ground by placing spatial inequality research on local disparities into dialogue with sociology’s welfare state tradition. Using novel data for 1,600 county governments across the nation, we find that local need as measured by the poverty rate is related to greater social service provisioning, suggesting governments’ responsiveness. However, provisioning is unequal when the level of need is disaggregated among social groups, race/ethnicity, and gender. Higher poverty among whites is associated with greater provisioning of social services. This study showcases possible means by which unequal patterns of social welfare support emerge and reveals the potential role of local governments in perpetuating inequalities by privileging some groups’ need more than others.
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Waniak-Michalak, Halina. "NGOs as providers of the social welfare services in cooperation with local authorities in the times of financial crisis." Business and Economic Horizons 10, no. 2 (July 16, 2014): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15208/beh.2014.10.
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Abdulwaheed, Salihu, and Khalil Samihah. "Decentralization: Catalyst for Welfare Service Delivery by Local Government Administration." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 2, no. 4 (November 11, 2012): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v2i4.2665.
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The paper aims to look at the transferring of authorities, resources and responsibilities from one tier of government (central government) to other tiers of government (state and local governments) in order to deliver efficient and effective welfare service. This transfer serves two basic purposes, namely accountability for resource management and effective welfare service delivery. This can only be possible if the system of co-responsibility between institutions of governance at the central, states and local governments is decentralized effectively. Similarly, the paper intends to critically examine local governments’ budget and budgeting system in order to deliver primary education and healthcare service to the public. Therefore, the paper studies the main source of revenue of local governments, and determines how the resources are utilized in providing primary education and healthcare services. The study designs information data sheet to elicit information from at least four local governments in Nigeria. Statutory allocation disbursed to four local governments under consideration for the fiscal year 2008 is considered. Approved annual budget of the local governments is analyzed to determine the differential (%) in terms of what is budgeted and what is the budget outcomes. The findings reveal average differential of 65.78% between approved and actual estimates for primary education, and 37.57% for primary healthcare service in the local government under consideration. This shows that local governments under consideration are not delivering primary education and healthcare services optimally.
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Crawshaw, Paul, and Donald Simpson. "Comprehensive Community Initiatives: Addressing a ‘Problem’ in Local Governance or Creating One?" Sociological Research Online 7, no. 1 (March 2002): 195–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.681.
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Pervaded by ‘third way’ values and identified as archetypal Comprehensive Community Initiatives (CCIs), programmes such as Education Action Zones (EAZs) and Health Action Zones (HAZs) follow a procedural rationale based on heterarchy and partnership. They are a response to an alleged prior fragmentation of service provision in welfare across sectors. Employing evidence from an evaluation of an EAZ and HAZ in one location, this article makes two claims. First, it is claimed that the extent of the alleged ?problem? of fragmentation across the governance of local social and welfare services prior to the introduction of these CCIs is contestable and was exaggerated for political purposes. Second, despite the application of CCIs in the form of EAZs and HAZs, it is claimed that a continuing problem of fragmentation across local governance of social and welfare services is evident. Several insights from the emerging theory of governance failure are employed to offer an explanation for why this situation has occurred.
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Jonsson, E. "Allocational Effects of Reducing a State Grant to Local Governments." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 7, no. 1 (March 1989): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c070097.
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The following is a study of how the welfare taxi services in Sweden have been affected by the introduction of a ceiling to their specific grants. The municipalities that were studied were found to have expanded the services at a slower rate since the introduction of the ceiling, and from this time there has been a greater use of fees to finance the taxi service.
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Laws, Glenda. "Privatisation and the Local Welfare State: The Case of Toronto's Social Services." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 13, no. 4 (1988): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/622740.
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Chan-Woo Kim. "The Roles of Local Government to enhance Welfare Services for older adults." Korean Journal of Gerontological Social Welfare ll, no. 67 (March 2015): 33–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21194/kjgsw..67.201503.33.
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Takao, Yasuo. "Welfare State Retrenchment – The Case of Japan." Journal of Public Policy 19, no. 3 (September 1999): 265–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x99000707.
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The purpose of this article is to examine the implications for welfare state retrenchment of central-local financial relations. In the post-war period, welfare state expansion has been a dominant theme in the development of central-local government relations in advanced industrial democracies. By the 1980s, however, nearly all OECD member countries had resorted to deficit financing as stagnant tax revenues combined with political pressure for increased public services. Faced with the urgent necessity of fiscal reconstruction, conservatives in advanced industrial democracies have favoured cutting public services throughout the 1990s. As always in times of retrenchment, elected officials have needed to win the goodwill of voters and interest groups for these unpopular cutbacks. There is no doubt that the politics of retrenchment is distinctively different from that of growth. Despite this new stage in the development of the welfare state, few systematic attempts have been made to analyse the impact of retrenchment politics on central-local financial arrangements. This article contributes to the new debate on comparative theories of retrenchment by analysing the impact of welfare state retrenchment in the context of Japan's recent fiscal reconstruction.
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Ayala, Luis, Francisco Pedraja, and Javier Salinas-Jiménez. "Performance Measurement of Local Welfare Programmes: Evidence from Madrid's Regional Government." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 26, no. 5 (January 1, 2008): 906–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0805r.
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Interest in how social assistance programmes are organized has recently heightened, fed by concerns about the limits on achieving greater efficiency. Most available evidence considers performance indicators that are too general, there being few studies relating the use of inputs to outcomes. We compare different performance indicators of Madrid's programme with resource endowments in a group of local agencies of social services. In addition to constructing a detailed system of input and performance indicators, an empirical analysis of efficiency for each of the social services agencies is carried out using data envelopment analysis. Results confirm that there is a wide margin for obtaining efficiency gains. The empirical analysis shows that some detected inefficiencies arise from an excessive number of staff in relation to the work to be performed. Agencies with a higher incidence of social problems present higher efficiency scores.
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Sadat, Anwar, and Rian Andika. "BUREAUCRACY CAPACITY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC SERVICES: A LITERATURE STUDY." Jurnal Studi Ilmu Pemerintahan 3, no. 1 (February 18, 2022): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35326/jsip.v3i1.1992.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of the government bureaucracy in public services. This means that the government is domiciled as a powerful organization that performs actions based on its authority and as a public legal entity that can provide services whose impact is felt directly by the community. One type of government activity as a strong organization is to provide services to the community. This is because of the acceptance of the notion of a Welfare State in the Indonesian constitution, as underlined in the fourth paragraph of the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution, that one of the goals of the State is to promote general welfare. However, public satisfaction with government bureaucratic services is still low; In this regard, it is necessary to examine the role of the government bureaucracy as a public service provider to find solutions in overcoming public service constraints and guaranteeing public relations with the government bureaucracy as a public service provider.
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Kola, Jukka, and Sanna Sihvola. "Leisure and farmers’ welfare in changing conditions." Agricultural and Food Science 3, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72683.
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This paper examines the background for leisure-labour decisions in agriculture and evaluates welfare effects of a shift in farmers’ relief services from a state-led subsidised system to a market mechanism. Leisure provided by relief services in agriculture contributes to well-being, but the leisure-labour choice also influences the revenue. Besides conventional economic and demographic factors, we emphasize the importance of special biological bindings and continuity, as well as risk and uncertainty affecting farmers’ time allocation in agricultural production. We consider structural development as an aggregate factor to explain the demand for farmers’ relief services. In Finland the organisation of the services is more centralized than in the other Nordic countries or the European Union. If government subsidies for relief services were removed and a market mechanism with free price formation adopted, direct government savings would be more than enough to compensate for substantial losses to farmers. Moreover, market forces could produce economic efficiency and local flexibility of a higher degree. State subsidization may still be needed to some extent in changing conditions in order to enable the relief services to develop and serve as a support system of a social, de-coupled, and less distorting nature.
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hammad, Adnan. "Design of Family and Child Welfare Policy in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 09006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187309006.
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Family is the basis of public welfare. Family welfare determine the children development. Indonesia government ensure family and child welfare of their citizen by applying Child Rights Convention and strengthen some policies. Indonesia government, through Ministry of Social, also arranged PKSA/ Children Welfare Program. This program classify vulnerable child into five cluster, and reach them by three ways: integrated cash aid, social workers, and access to social services. This program targeted no less than 4.3 million children in all region. Though this program were succesfully implemented, but still needed some improvement, such as involvement of local government, recruitment of social workers, and more establishment of LKSA with good facilities and services. PKSA should also be financially sustainable that can reach more children from many families with its whole services.
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Burdaev, N. I., S. G. Sboeva, and S. A. Krivosheev. "Analysis of programs for ensuring active longevity of persons of older age groups in the moscow region." Sechenov Medical Journal 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47093/22187332.2019.2.45-53.
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Aim. To study non - stationary and semi - stationary forms of health - improving services of multifunctional regional social welfare centers and determine satisfaction with their quality. Material and methods. The annual reports of state budgetary institutions of Territorial Centers for Social Welfare for 2017, projects to ensure healthy longevity. A survey of 210 respondents was conducted (average age - 71 years) of the participants in the Moscow Longevity project about satisfaction with the provision of recreational services of Territorial Centers for Social Welfare. Statistical analysis included the study of the absolute and relative values of the indicators obtained. Results. An analysis of the activities of 6 organizations of the Moscow Territorial Centers for Social Welfare revealed the implementation of all federal and regional programs, as well as two of them - local projects to stimulate active longevity. Women (68%) and persons with a higher education (48%) prevailed among the surveyed participants in the Moscow Longevity project. The frequency of chronic diseases and the attendance of medical care increased with age of the respondents. The average cost of purchasing drugs amounted to 25% of the monthly pension. Within one to three years, 54% of respondents used the services of Territorial Centers for Social Welfare. The analysis of satisfaction with the quality of social and health services showed high rates (4.7-4.9 points out of 5) for the criteria “Goodwill and competence of employees”, “Organization of educational, physical, leisure and social and cultural activity”. Average values (4.5-4.6 points) were obtained for the criteria “Openness and availability of information about the services provided” and “Comfort of conditions for the provision of services”. The lowest number of points - 4.2 - was obtained according to the criterion "Organization of medical and pharmaceutical care". Conclusions. In addition to federal and regional programs, organizations of the Moscow Territorial Centers for Social Welfare also implement local projects to stimulate active longevity. The majority of respondents use the services of Territorial Centers for Social Welfare for more than one year and positively evaluate their activities, but consider it expedient to increase the semi - stationary and non - stationary bases of the Territorial Centers for Social Welfare, create conditions for the provision of medical and medicinal care.
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Okpa, John Thompson, Bassey Ballantyne Ikpeme, Nwosu Uchechukwu Wilson, Ude Bassey Obeten, and Ngozi Christiana Nwadike. "Socio-demographic factors affecting access to and utilization of social welfare services in Nigeria." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 6, no. 2 (October 17, 2022): 1448. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v6i2.1448.
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The study examined the socio-demographic factors affecting access to and utilization of social welfare services in Yenagoa Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Quantitative and qualitative approaches were adopted to select 570 respondents from the study area. Probability and non-probability sampling techniques were adopted in the selection of communities, and respondents. The quantitative data were analyzed using frequency distribution tables and percentages, while chi-square statistic was used to determine the relationship between socio-demographic variables and access to and utilization of social welfare services. The qualitative data were analyzed in themes as a complement to the quantitative data. This study reveals that although all the respondents reported knowing available social welfare services, 44.3% reported not having access to existing social services due to factors connected to serendipity variables, such as terrain condition, ethnicity and knowing someone in government. Therefore, the study recommends that the government and other stakeholders should push for the massive delivery of much-needed social welfare services to address the issue of welfare service deficit across the nation, irrespective of the ethnic group and whether the community is connected to the government of the day or not, primarily in rural areas.
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Pang, A. H. T., L. C. W. Lam, and H. F. K. Chiu. "Developing psychogeriatric services in Hong Kong." Psychiatric Bulletin 19, no. 8 (August 1995): 506–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.19.8.506.
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Hong Kong is an international trade and finance centre situated on the southern coast of China, offering a unique blend of Western culture and Chinese tradition. With a largely private primary health care system, psychiatric services here have been predominately hospital centred. Following the 1992 Government Review of Rehabilitation Program Plan (Secretary of Health and Welfare, Hong Kong, 1992) development of community-based services has become the major local issue. Psychogeriatrics is the first sub-speciality to have achieved major progress in this area. Such a development illustrates how local psychiatrists faced the challenge of applying Western models to suit an Oriental population with a different socio-cultural value system.
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Chui, Ernest. "Housing and Welfare Services in Hong Kong for New Immigrants from China: Inclusion or Exclusion?" Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 11, no. 2 (June 2002): 221–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680201100203.
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Hong Kong presents a peculiar case of the strains involved in assimilating immigrants from Mainland China due to (1) its reunification with China in 1997 after 150 years of British colonial rule, and (2) the uneasy relationship between Chinese immigrants and the local host community, despite sharing the same ethnic background. A host of historical, socio-economic and political factors contribute to the exclusion of Mainlanders by the Chinese locals. There appears to be a convergence between local citizens and the state in labeling, stigmatizing and scapegoating the Mainland immigrants. Exclusionary social policies in housing, social security, employment and personal welfare have rendered Chinese immigrants to live in poverty and with little access to opportunity structures.
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Kim, Hunjin, and Sun-Kyung Kang. "A Study on a Policy Collaboration in the Service Delivery System of Mental Health Services in Korea." Research Institute for Life and Culture Sogang University 64, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17924/solc.2022.64.31.
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The goal of this study is to scrutinize the service delivery system in mental health services in Korea. Due to many findings from previous researches regarding the delivery of mental health services to people in needs, the failure of collaborations between or among resources in national and local levels has been in the primary matters. Thus this study has focused on the discovery of the reasons in disturbing policy collaborations between health and welfare arenas by analysing relevant legislations and national plans in reference to mental health services in Korea.
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Matkovic, Gordana. "Daycare as an entitlement and as a service in the social welfare system." Stanovnistvo 47, no. 1 (2009): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv0901069m.
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The social welfare reform recognizes the further development and expansion of daycare center services as an important precondition for deinstitutionalization as one of the key objectives of the reform. Decreasing the number of children and adults in residential institutions, their return to their natural families and preventing institutionalization depend primarily on the support provided at local level to the family for taking care of their family members. Today in Serbia there are 49 daycare centers with 1400 children and persons with disability as beneficiaries. Between 2000 and 2007, thirty seven new daycare centers were established, the total number of beneficiaries more than tripled and the NGO sector became equal with the government sector in service provision. Yet, daycare center services are still not sufficiently developed. In 123 municipalities there are no daycare center services at all and overall these services are significantly less accessible than residential services. Daycare center services consist of both well established and sustainable daycare with significant capacity and also of small, project-based daycare centers that provide services for a few hours and have an uncertain future. The second group consists mostly of daycare centers organized by the NGO sector. The monthly costs of daycare center services per beneficiary in 2007 amounted to 13.750 diners on average. According to the survey findings, for example, the annual costs for running a daycare center service for 20 beneficiaries are between 2 and 6 million dinars depending on the complexity of the provided services and programs. The costs of residential placement are on average higher than the costs in daycare centers. Further development of daycare center services in Serbia requires additional and focused efforts at central level in terms of formulating special financial incentives for underdeveloped municipalities, developing professional capacity at local level, educating local governments, conceptualizing and establishing regulatory mechanisms, exchanging good practice examples, etc. Still, placing non-residential services at the heart of the social welfare system can be expected only after undertaking more profound legislative changes. .
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Nemec, Juraj, Mária Murray Svidroňová, and Éva Kovács. "Welfare Co-Production: Hungarian and Slovak Reality." NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2019-0019.
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AbstractFor more than 30 years the delivery of local public services has been undergoing change, from a style of delivery dominated by the public sector to a more efficient, more effective mixed system, characterised by variations in ownership and sources of financing. Concepts such as public-private-civil sector mix, partnerships, co-operation, and co-creation have emerged as ways of organising public-services production and delivery. Our case deals with co-production via the involvement of the third sector in welfare services. The goal of this paper is to map the real relations between public bodies and the non-governmental sector in the co-production of welfare services in two newer EU member countries – Hungary and Slovakia. The information obtained suggests that the examples of good practice exist, but at a global level the quality of partnership between the government and the non-governmental sector is problematic. The study also highlights important drivers and barriers determining the quality of collaboration and the results of projects – limited resources (mostly financial) to implement collaborative welfare innovations on both sides seem to be the core barrier.
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Ewert, Benjamin, and Adalbert Evers. "Blueprints for the Future of Welfare Provision? Shared Features of Service Innovations across Europe." Social Policy and Society 13, no. 3 (March 24, 2014): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746414000074.
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This article discusses localised forms of social innovation in social services in relation to social policy and welfare issues. It draws upon research findings from the EU project ‘Welfare Innovations at the local Level in favour of Cohesion’ (WILCO), which takes in social innovations in twenty European cities. First, we argue why there is currently a significant gap between the debate on social innovation and the debate on social welfare reforms. Second, we present attempts that have been made to identify and interpret recurring approaches and instruments in the social innovations studied in relation to various dimensions of the debate on social welfare and services, such as the search for new ways of addressing users and citizens; the emphasis on new risks and related approaches to the issues of rights and responsibilities; and finally the concern with issues of governance. We argue that the features of the local innovations we identified may be significant for welfare systems at large, going beyond the introduction of special new items in special fields. However, the degree to which this will come about in reality will depend on building more bridges of shared understanding between concerns with social innovation on the one hand and welfare reforms on the other hand.
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Kang, Sang-Hun, and Ji-Min Ahn. "The Impact of the Social Participation of Local Residents of Gyeongsangbuk-do and Their Sense of Community on Depression: Analysis of the Moderating Effects of Digital Capabilities." K Association of Education Research 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.48033/jss.7.3.3.
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By analyzing the impact of social participation and sense of community among residents living in Gyeongsangbuk-do Province, the study aims to reveal the moderating effect of the digital capability. For this purpose, this study analyzed 250 local residents who lives in Gyeongsangbuk-do and has received services from the Community Welfare Center. The main findings were, first of all, the degree of social participation and the sense of community had a significant impact on their depression. And generally, gender, educational background, and subjective health condition had a significant impact on their depression. Secondly, in the part of digital capability, the subjects with higher scores of digital discomfort scored higher in depression and lower in social participation. Third, it has been proven that depending on the level of discomfort of digital use, the local residents' sense of community has a moderating effect on depression. Based on this research result, the study discussed social welfare practices and policy implications in order to reduce depression and improve the life quality of people who receives welfare services in the community welfare center.
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Oute, Jeppe, and Bagga Bjerge. "Ethnographic reflections on access to care services." Journal of Organizational Ethnography 8, no. 3 (October 14, 2019): 279–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joe-12-2017-0064.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: to explore how gatekeepers’ ways of regulating the researchers’ access to knowledge in/about care services reflect the systemic and interpersonal values that inform Danish welfare systems’ daily workings at the street level; and also explore how the authors’ methodological experiences mirror the value-informed regulatory strategies that professionals and users themselves experience in their daily encounters in the same local practices that the authors have studied. Design/methodology/approach The paper takes its empirical point of departure in a multisited ethnographic field study of the management of citizens with complex problems in Danish welfare systems. Findings By means of Michael Lipsky’s outline of access regulation, the authors will analyze the following regulatory strategies that are identified during the fieldwork: “Gatekeepers’ sympathy and creaming,” “Queuing and delay,” and ‘Withdrawal of consent and “no resources.” The paper suggests that trust, shared goals and sympathy seem to be key to the process of getting access. Originality/value Despite principles of neutrality, equal rights and access to services in welfare systems, the authors’ experiences thus tend to support other research within bureaucratic and care organizations, which has found that interpersonal relations, sympathy, dislikes, norms and values, etc., can heavily influence timely access to services, tailored information and support.
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Abdullahi, Jamilu. "Policy framework on social welfare information management and services for Nigerian public libraries." Library Management 36, no. 4/5 (June 8, 2015): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lm-08-2014-0088.
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Purpose – Looking at the present Nigeria’s quest to become one of the top 20 economies of the world by the year 2020, the purpose of this paper is to propose that Nigerian public libraries, as key players in community development, should provide resources and services for the promotion of social welfare sector of the country by introducing relevant key information management and service policies. These strategic policies should include identification of various user groups, deployment of specialized information professionals, provision of adequate financial resources, social welfare information resource development planning, effective information service delivery system, partnership arrangements and adaptation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Design/methodology/approach – Essential to this paper is to take into account the importance and relevancy of policies, strategies and procedures of information management and services to Nigerian public libraries. Findings – There is continuous rising concerns about the current situation of the country’s socio-economic problems and challenges. However, despite the problem of poor and inadequate ICT facilities in Nigerian public libraries, the ICT infrastructure including the internet will significantly enhance the social welfare information service process in these libraries, if fully adopted. Also very important here is that, the libraries should support community awareness programs on local radio stations or local television channels to compliment the collection of materials in the library. Originality/value – Nigerian public libraries should be seen as places for all; and participants in community activities must therefore provide relevant data and information to social welfare workers for effective policy/decision making. It is also important that the libraries should help in the identification of areas of welfare that require urgent attention or thorough investigation, examination and analysis.
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Rostad, Hanne Marie, and Randi Stokke. "Integrating Welfare Technology in Long-term Care Services: Nationwide Cross-sectional Survey Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 8 (August 16, 2021): e22316. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/22316.
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Background Welfare technologies are often described as a solution to the increasing pressure on primary health care services. However, despite initiating welfare technology projects in the health care sector and different government incentives, research indicates that it is difficult to integrate welfare technology innovations in a complex and varying setting, such as long-term care. Objective We aim to describe the types of welfare technology and the extent to which welfare technology is provided in long-term care (ie, nursing homes and home care services); examine whether the extent of welfare technology provision differs on the basis of municipal characteristics (ie, population size, centrality, the proportion of older inhabitants, and income); and identify how local governments (ie, municipalities) describe their efforts toward integrating welfare technologies in long-term care. Methods Quantitative and qualitative data about welfare technology from a larger cross-sectional survey about the provision of long-term care services in Norwegian municipalities were combined with registry data. Representatives of 422 Norwegian municipalities were invited to participate in the survey. Frequencies were used to describe the distribution of the types and extent of welfare technologies, whereas the Fisher exact test and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance were used to determine the association between the extent of welfare technology and municipal characteristics. Free-form text data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results A total of 277 municipalities were surveyed. Technology for safety was the most widespread type of welfare technology, whereas technology for social contact was the least prevalent. Two-thirds of the sample (183/277, 66.1%) in nursing home and (197/277, 71.1%) in home care services reported providing one or two different types of welfare technology. There was a statistically significant association between the extent of welfare technology and population size (in both nursing homes and home care services: P=.01), centrality (nursing homes: P=.01; home care services: P<.001), and municipal income (nursing homes: P=.02; home care services: P<.001). The extent of welfare technology was not associated with the proportion of older adults. The municipalities described being in a piloting phase and committing to future investment in welfare technology. Monetary resources were allocated, competency development among staff was initiated, and the municipalities were concerned about establishing collaborations within and between municipalities. Home care services seem to have a more person-centered approach in their efforts toward integrating welfare technologies, whereas nursing homes seem to have a more technology-centered approach. Conclusions Many municipalities provide welfare technologies; however, their extent is limited and varies according to municipal characteristics. Municipal practices still seem dominated by piloting, and welfare technologies are not fully integrated into long-term care services. Innovation with welfare technology appears top-down and is influenced by national policy but also reflects creating a window of opportunity through the organization of municipal efforts toward integrating welfare technology through, for example, collaborations and committing personnel and financial resources.
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Charlesworth, J., J. Clarke, and A. Cochrane. "Managing Local Mixed Economies of Care." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 27, no. 9 (September 1995): 1419–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a271419.
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It is widely agreed that there has been a move within the United Kingdom away from one welfare state as traditionally understood towards a mixed economy of welfare, in which public, private, voluntary, and not-for-profit sectors are expected to work together. How the new mixed economy is expected to work is less clear. In this paper we focus on two crucial aspects of the change with respect to care services—in emergent local mixed economies of care—with the help of case studies drawn from Buckinghamshire and Birmingham. We stress the need to recognise the role of local differences in the construction and interpretation of mixed economies of care, so that there is not just one, but may be many (locally distinctive) mixed economies. And we emphasise the need to take into account the rise of managerialism as a means of dealing with problems of coordination within local mixed economies, particularly because of the way in which it may undermine alternative forms of coordination and control.
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Mikusova Merickova, Beata, Juraj Nemec, and Mária Svidroňová. "Co-creation in Local Public Services Delivery Innovation: Slovak Experience." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 13, no. 3 (July 31, 2015): 521–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/13.3.521-535(2015).
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The new approaches to the delivery of local public services include co-creation. In this paper, we focus on two local public service delivery actors: local governments and civil society. Our objective is to identify different types of co-creation in social innovations and the relevant drivers and barriers that account for the success or failure of co-creation processes at the local government level in Slovakia, focusing on the fields of welfare and the environment. The main findings of our analysis are that co-created innovations are mostly initiated by non-governmental actors, and that most local governments have neutral or even negative attitudes to co-created innovations. We provide a positive case study, in which the local government was open to co-creation, and public services were provided in an alternative way. Our study uses a qualitative approach and is based on original survey data from our own research, conducted mainly within the ‘Learning from Innovation in Public Sector Environments’ (LIPSE) research project.
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Deswantoro, Dwi Bambang, Asniar Ismail, and Hendarmin Hendarmin. "Pengaruh Belanja Daerah Berdasarkan Klasifikasi Ekonomi terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat di Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Kalimantan Barat Tahun 2010 - 2015." Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan 6, no. 3 (December 28, 2017): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jebik.v6i3.23256.
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This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of local goverment expenditure based on economic classification consisting of personnel expenditure, capital expenditure, goods and services expenditure, grant expenditure and social assistance expenditure on economic growth and social welfare in the regency/city of West Borneo Province. The data in the study used panel data consisting of time series data (2010 -2015) and cross-section data (14 regency/city in West Borneo Province). Hypothesis testing in this study using multiple linear regression and path analysis. The results obtained personnel expenditure, capital expenditure, and social assistance expenditure have a positive and significant influence to economic growth, while grant expenditure has negative and significant influence to economic growth and Goods and services spending has a negative but insignificant influence to economic growth. Subsequently capital expenditure and economic growth have a positive and significant influence to the social welfare while the goods and services have negative and significant influence to the social welfare. Grant expenditure have negative influence and social assistance expenditure has a positive butinsignificant influence to social welfare.
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Soares da Silva, Diogo, Lummina Horlings, and Elisabete Figueiredo. "Citizen Initiatives in the Post-Welfare State." Social Sciences 7, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci7120252.
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Recently we have seen the emergence of citizen-led community initiatives and civic enterprises, taking over governmental tasks in providing public services in various sectors, such as energy, care, landscape maintenance, and culture. This phenomenon can be explained by a renewed interest in community, place, and ‘local identity’; the erosion of the welfare state; the privatization of public services; a re-emergence of the social economy; and tensions between ‘bottom-up’ initiatives and the changing role of the state. The co-production of governments and initiatives can potentially result in a shift from government-led to community-led planning. This, however, raises questions about their innovative potential, the democratic consequences, and the potential roles of governments in enabling these societal dynamics. This article discusses these issues theoretically, illustrated with empirical examples from Portugal, the Netherlands, and Wales, in a context of uncertainty regarding the future of the traditional European welfare state.
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Steigen, Anne Mari, Bengt Eriksson, Ragnfrid Eline Kogstad, Helge Prytz Toft, and Daniel Bergh. "Young Adults in Nature-Based Services in Norway—In-Group and Between-Group Variations Related to Mental Health Problems." Nordic Journal of Social Research 9 (December 13, 2018): 110–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/njsr.2301.
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Young adults with mental health problems who do not attend school or work constitute a significant welfare challenge in Norway. The welfare services available to these individuals include nature-based services, which are primarily located on farms and integrate the natural and agricultural environment into their daily activities. The aim of this study is to examine young adults (16–30 years old) not attending school or work who participated in nature-based services in Norway. In particular, the study analyses mental health problems among the participants and in-group variations regarding their symptoms of mental health problems using the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL-10). This paper compares symptoms of mental health problems among participants in nature-based services with those of a sample from the general population and a sample of those receiving clinical in-patient mental healthcare. A questionnaire was developed for the study and was completed by 93 participants in nature-based services. The majority of these participants were recruited from the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV), local mental health services, and school authorities. Results indicate that just more than half of the respondents exhibited symptoms of mental health problems based on their HSCL-10 scores. In general, they reported fewer symptoms than the clinical in-patient sample (18–30 years old) and more symptoms than the general population sample (18–19 years old). Among the participants in nature-based services, those recruited through NAV and local mental health services exhibited no differences in symptoms. Half of the participants older than 23 years in nature-based services had not completed upper secondary school. The participants, including those with symptoms of mental health problems and low expectations at the outset of their participation, generally expressed high satisfaction with the services.
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Hagelund, Anniken. "The activating profession: coaching and coercing in the welfare services." International Journal of Public Sector Management 29, no. 7 (October 10, 2016): 725–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-02-2016-0036.
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Purpose Activation policies are key elements of contemporary welfare reform throughout Europe. The purpose of this paper is to explore the consequences of more active and individualised welfare policies for conceptualisations of professionalism and competence in the welfare services. Design/methodology/approach The primary data are 25 qualitative interviews with street-level bureaucrats (SLBs) conducted in two local offices in The Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV). These data were supplemented by relevant policy documents. A distinction between the authorities discourse of organisational professionalism and the SLBs discourse of occupational professionalism is applied to structure the analysis. Findings Efforts to professionalise activation work takes place in the absence of a specific professional knowledge base to guide daily work. The paper explores how relevant competence and skills are defined in such a context, both from the perspective of the authorities and from the front-level workers themselves. A key finding is that such competence tends to be defined in terms of the ability to manage communicative processes and relations. Paradoxically, the active turn in social policy with its emphasis on work and activity seems to entail a competence ideal that is inward looking and psychologised. Research limitations/implications The qualitative approach implies limited generalisability in terms of statistical representativity. Furthermore, the results invite closer studies of the practical effects for social security users of the identified patterns. Practical implications Policy makers who aim to make welfare services more work orientated should look for ways of increasing SLBs concrete relations with and practical experience from collaboration with employers. This may entail reviewing the practice of outsourcing the implementation of active measures to private actors. Originality/value The paper adds to a small literature on the implementation of activation policy in contemporary welfare states.
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Mabli, James. "Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participation and Local Program Outreach and Eligibility Services." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 44, no. 3 (December 2015): 291–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500005074.
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Program outreach activities are integral components of social welfare programs, but the relationship between availability of outreach services and households’ program participation has not been examined due to lack of data on outreach efforts. This study uses a unique, nationally representative, matched household-agency data set of more than 21,000 households from 2009 to examine relationships between household participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and outreach and eligibility services offered by local agencies. When agencies provide applications to clients of emergency food pantries and submit their applications to SNAP administrative offices, the probability of household participation in SNAP increases 5–6 percentage points.
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Rudiyanto, Rudiyanto, Ida Bagus Made Agung Dwijatenaya, and Yonathan Palinggi. "Local Government Strategies in Improving the Quality of Public Services in Muara Ponaq Village Office, Siluq Ngurai District, Kutai Barat." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 4, no. 4 (November 2, 2022): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2022.4.4.19.
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The main problem of this research is the strategy of the Local Government in Improving Public Services in Siluq Ngurai District, West Kutai Regency. The sub-problems are 1) the Local Government's Strategy for Improving the Quality of Public Services in Siluq Ngurai District, West Kutai Regency, and 2) the Supporting and Inhibiting Factors of the Local Government in Public Services in Siluq Ngurai District, West Kutai Regency. The research design is classified as a qualitative descriptive study with a management approach. The data sources used are primary and secondary. The data was collected by using observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, presentation, comparative analysis, and conclusion. The results showed that the local government's efforts in improving the quality of public services at the Muara Ponaq office, Siluq Ngurai District, West Kutai Regency, included adjusting to the Muara Ponaq village regulation concerning the Medium Term Development Plan (RPJM Desa) 2016- 2022 CHAPTER V and trying to meet the quality dimensions services at the Muara Ponaq local government, which is a servant of the Muara Ponaq community, in particular, continues to strive to improve the welfare of the community from all aspects, one of which is the religious/spiritual aspects of the community. The supporting factors of the local government in improving the quality of public services at the Muara Ponaq government office, Siluq Ngurai District, and West Kutai Regency are the professional work of the staff, cohesiveness between government members, and the completeness of equipment in the local government office. The inhibiting factor for the local government in improving public services at the Muara Ponaq office, Siluq Ngurai District, and West Kutai Regency is assistance to the community, which is limited in number, and employee salaries which are obtained every six months. The implications of this research are delivered to the local government in carrying out its duties as a public service to maintain professionalism and carry out the rules that have been set to improve public services and welfare. With some obstacles in serving the community, it is hoped that the local government can deal with them and find a way to answer society's challenges.
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Herd, Dean. "Rhetoric and retrenchment: ‘common sense’ welfare reform in Ontario." Benefits: A Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 10, no. 2 (June 2002): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/cqiq1894.
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The adoption of the Canadian Health and Social Transfer (CHST) in 1995 signified a dramatic change in the philosophy and practice of welfare in Canada, creating the space for provincial workfare experiments. This article explores the operation of one such experiment – Ontario Works (OW) – which has been hailed as a success in the face of dramatic caseload declines. Rather than a successful welfare to work strategy, however, closer analysis suggests that these reductions owe more to the concrete regulatory functions of workfare – reducing welfare services and tightening eligibility requirements – in the context of a favourable local economy. Reform in Ontario, therefore, exposes a number of wider issues arising out of the ongoing welfare–workfare transition; namely, the increasing micro-regulation of poor people’s lives, the rise of local experiments and the impact of increased policy transfer and learning.
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Zhang, Xiao-hui. "Analysis of New Era Social Welfare Policy Transformation Path." Scientific and Social Research 3, no. 6 (December 29, 2021): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/ssr.v3i6.1289.
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It is in the nature of social policy for social welfare services to adapt to the social demands that arise as a result of changes in social structure. Meanwhile, it is a distinguishing feature of social welfare that special attention is paid to specific social groups, particularly vulnerable and difficult communities. The economic, political, and social factors of a society influence the direction of social service policy objectives, which is also influenced by the broader trend of social development, particularly global modernization and the transformation of local social structures. As a result, sorting out and analyzing the external environment and circumstances of the development of social services is both theoretical and practical.
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Harsløf, Ivan, Mirela Slomic, and Ole Kristian Sandnes Håvold. "Establishing Individual Care Plans for Rehabilitation Patients: Traces of Self-Targeting in the Norwegian Universal Welfare State." Nordic Journal of Social Research 10, no. 1 (June 14, 2019): 24–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/njsr.2686.
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Several countries have introduced devices for coordination of complicated individual cases across care, health and welfare services. This study examined one such device: the individual care plan (ICP), introduced in Norway in 2001 to enhance user involvement and coordination across sectors and service providers. Despite strong political imperatives, however, ICPs have remained significantly underused. To understand why, this study investigated the experiences with ICPs among staff in municipal coordinating units, tasked with organising rehabilitation efforts and caseworkers in local labour and welfare services. In focus groups, participants discussed the fictitious vignette of a patient with traumatic brain injury, a person clearly within the ICP target group. They praised ICPs for advancing the rehabilitation process but acknowledged that they were applied too rarely. Through abductive-retroductive recontextualisation, this study identified a practice of de-facto self-targeting: in some municipalities, patients had to request ICPs themselves. We argue that this mechanism may have emerged from ambiguous propensities of rehabilitation, simultaneously emphasising needs and potentials, and ultimately from ambiguities in the Norwegian welfare model balancing universalism and local autonomy.