Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Local transit crime Prevention'
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Manaliyo, Jean-Claude. "Local solutions from local people : community participation in crime prevention in Khayelitsha." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5091.
Full textThe involvement of local communities in crime prevention programmes emerged as an alternative strategy for fighting and preventing crime after the failure of the criminal justice system to control and deter criminal activities effectively. Governments across the globe regard local communities as key actors in fighting and preventing crime. Community participation in crime prevention has become a key strategy to improve safety and security. The main aim of this study is to explore the extent to which residents of Khayelitsha contribute to the maintenance of security and order in their area; and to investigate the extent to which residents are empowered to solve crime problems on their own. The framework of this study is grounded on theories of crime namely: occupational choice, social learning, and social disorganisation; and concepts such as crime, crime prevention, and community participation. The literature review of this study focuses crime situation in South Africa with emphasis on crime trends, costs of crime, determinants of crime, and attempts made by the South African government to fight and prevent crime at national and local government levels. The study used key informant in-depth interviews with representatives of anti-crime community-based organisations in Site B and as well as ordinary residents of Site B. Data of this study is largely qualitative although it is supplemented with quantitative data relating to crime statistics which was collected as secondary data. In this study, both narratives and crime statistics reveal that robbery and theft-related crimes, drug abuse, and assaults are among the most predominant crimes. All informants perceived poverty and the use of drugs and alcohol as root causes of crime in Site B. The residents contribute in preventing and fighting crime in Site B by engaging in the following activities: patrolling streets as volunteers in Community Policing Forums (CPF); and providing crimerelated information to anti-crime organisations such as South African Police Service (SAPS), South African National Civic Organisation (SANCO), and Khayelitsha Development Forum (KDF). The residents also get involved in crime prevention informally by exercising informal social sanctions. However, challenges such as ineffectiveness of the law enforcement and lack of financial support hinder the residents’ participation in crime prevention.
Bunt, Philip Kessell. "The changing face of policing : local issues in national perspective." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1078.
Full textPfigu, Tinashe. "Local responses to a travelling model of crime prevention and crime management : community policing in Stellenbosch, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71604.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The mention of any form of crime in South Africa for the most part invokes fear of both an unknown or known perpetrator who may strike at any time and inflict harm to one’s body and property. Through ethnographic work that generated qualitative data, the study explores, interprets and analyses what community policing is in practice from three selected localities: Die Boord, Kayamandi and Kylemore in the Stellenbosch Municipality of the Western Cape. This is illustrated throughout the thesis by the descriptions and analysis of processes, ideas and performances of community policing from the local level. Therefore, the important issues the thesis brings out centre on how people define and perform community policing and their perceptions of it. In light of the above statements, how people understood community policing and how they created local sensibilities about community policing as a response to crime informs the discussion and analysis in the thesis. In the process, I bring out what informed people’s perceptions of community policing, how people talked about crime or conceived of security. In so doing, the study aims to use local examples to reveal the at times muted and ignored responses to not only community policing, but also to broader issues around crime prevention and crime management policy and practice. Moreover, the thesis illustrates the numerous ways in which local experiences and constructions of crime shape the practice of community policing. Through the use of ethnography, the study analyses the notion of security in terms of local perspectives, local history and local security needs. The study further explores the relevance of the ‘racialised’ and class experiences of crime and security, as well as social divisions of age and gender in order to understand the differences in perceptions and reactions to community policing at the local level. The notions of the ‘travelling model’ and ‘translation’ provide theoretical constructs to examine how community policing is conceived of in policy at the national and provincial levels in South Africa and the links with the constant changes in the international discourse of crime prevention and crime management. The thesis concludes by illuminating the complexities involved in reforms to crime prevention and crime management in South Africa in response to changing patterns of crime and to criminals who have become ever bolder in their endeavours. In the process, the thesis offers a critique of and sheds light on, to what extent the realities of crime and its related problems in South Africa inform the re-reading of community policing and broader issues around crime prevention and crime management.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die noem van enige vorm van misdaad in Suid-Afrika roep ’n vrees van beide ’n onbekende of bekende oortreder op wat op enige oomblik kan toeslaan en skade aan ’n mens se liggaam en eiendom kan aanrig. Deur die gebruik van etnografiese werk wat kwalitatiewe data opgelewer het, verken, interpreter en analiseer hierdie studie die praktyk van gemeenskapspolisiëring in drie geselekteerde woonbuurte: Die Boord, Kayamandi en Kylemore in die Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit van die Wes-Kaap. Dit word in die proefskrif geïllustreer deur die beskrywings en analise van prosesse, idees en opvoerings van gemeenskapspolisiëring op die plaaslike vlak. Die belangrike kwessies wat die proefskrif dus na vore bring, sentreer rondom mense se definisies van gemeenskapspolisiëring, hoe hulle dit opvoer en hul persepsies daarvan. Die bespreking en analise in die tesis word, in die lig van die bogenoemde stellings, ingelig deur hoe mense gemeenskapspolisiëring verstaan en hoe hulle plaaslike denkbeelde oor gemeenskapspolisiëring as ’n antwoord op misdaad geskep het. Ek bring in hierdie proses na vore wat mense se persepsies van gemeenskapspolisiëring ingelig het, sowel as die manier waarop mense oor misdaad gepraat het of oor sekuriteit gedink het. Die studie probeer om op hierdie wyse plaaslike voorbeelde te gebruik om die somtyds onderdrukte en geïgnoreerde reaksies, nie slegs op gemeenskapspolisiëring nie, maar ook op wyer kwessies rondom misdaadvoorkoming en misdaadbestuur, in beleid en praktyk, te onthul. Die tesis illustreer verder die verskeie maniere waarop plaaslike ervarings en konstruksies van misdaad die praktyk van gemeenskapspolisiëring vorm. Deur die gebruik van etnografie analiseer die studie die begrip sekuriteit in terme van plaaslike perspektiewe, plaaslike geskiedenis en plaaslike sekuriteitsbehoeftes. Die studie verken verder die relevansie van ’rasiale’ en klaservarings van misdaad en sekuriteit, sowel as sosiale verdelings van ouderdom en geslag om sodoende die verskille in persepsies en reaksies op gemeenskapspolisiëring op die plaaslike vlak te verstaan. Die opvattings rondom die ‘reisende model’ en ’vertaling’ bied teoretiese konstrukte om ondersoek in te stel na hoe gemeenskapspolisiëring in beleid op nasionale en provinsiale vlakke in Suid-Afrika verstaan word en die skakels met konstante veranderings in die internasionale diskoers oor misdaadvoorkoming en misdaadbestuur. Die tesis sluit af deur die kompleksiteite wat by misdaadvoorkoming en misdaadbestuur in Suid-Afrika betrokke is, te belig, in antwoord op veranderende patrone van misdaad en op misdadigers wat steeds meer vrypostig geword het. In die proses bied die tesis ’n kritiese blik op en belig dit die mate waartoe die realiteite van misdaad en verwante probleme in Suid-Afrika die herlees van gemeenskapspolisiëring, sowel as wyer kwessies rondom misdaadvoorkoming en misdaadbestuur, inlig.
Meehan, Michael K. "The tools of prevention building prevention and deterrence into exercise programs /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA486358.
Full textThesis Advisor(s): Bellavita, Christopher. "September 2006." "Change in distribution statement for Tools of Prevention: Building Prevention and Deterrence into Exercise Programs -- September 2006." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 17, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-119). Also available in print.
Barthuly, Bryce Edward. "Spatial Analysis of Burglary and Robbery Crime Concentration Near Mass-Transit in Portland." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5034.
Full textRodrigues, Natália Barbat. "Diagnóstico Local de Segurança no bairro Guajuviras em Canoas/RS: proposta de investigação-ação." Bachelor's thesis, [s .n.], 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6760.
Full textEste trabalho trata, em termos gerais, da prevenção ao crime aliada a atuação policial e o que pode ser feito acerca desse tema em um determinado contexto. Objetiva, portanto, um aprofundamento no que tange a prevenção ao crime, apresentando sugestões de formas eficazes de atuar nesse âmbito, nomeadamente através de uma avaliação comunitária tendo por base um Diagnóstico Local de Segurança (DLS). O público alvo será a população do bairro Guajuviras, localizado na cidade de Canoas, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. É sugerida também a participação no estudo das instituições de controle social formal que atuam no contexto, nomeadamente a Polícia Civil, Brigada Militar e Guarda Civil Municipal. Para tal se procederá ao levantamento de dados sociodemográficos, do sentimento de segurança/insegurança, opiniões acerca do controle social, experiências de vitimação e sentimento de pertença à comunidade. Com a realização deste DLS se espera ter acesso a um esquema de inteligibilidade que servirá como base para medidas interventivas futuras.
This work deals, in general terms, with the prevention of crime with police action and what can be made about this topic in a given context. It aims, therefore, a deepening in what concerns the prevention to the crime, presenting suggestions of effective ways of acting in this scope,in particular through a Community assessment based on a Local Safety Assessment (DLS). The target audience will be the population of the neighborhood Guajuviras, located in the city of Canoas, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is also suggested the participation in the study of institutions of formal social control that act in the context, namely the Civil Police, Military Brigade and Municipal Civil Guard. For this purpose, sociodemographic data will be collected, feelings of security / insecurity, opinions about social control, experiences of victimization and feelings of belonging to society. With the realization of this DLS is expected to have access to an intelligibility scheme that will serve as a basis for future intervention measures.
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Salomane, Khompane Edward. "Role of Community Policing Forums (CPFs) in effective crime prevention in the Merafong Local Municipality Area : a critical analysis / Khompane Edward Salomane." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4744.
Full textThesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
Hallgren, Andrea, and Ida Henriksson. ""Men, det brister vid frågan om resurser": En granskning av Polisprojekt Tomelilla." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26387.
Full textThe present study has examined the crime prevention project 'Polisprojekt Tomelilla', which was implemented in Tomelilla municipality as a pilot project between May 2015 and June 2016. The crime preventing actions were principally introduced as a result of the increased crime rates among young individual’s in Tomelilla municipality, and was thus a collaboration between police, social services, school, employment services and the community youth center. The paper is divided into two sub-studies, where sub-study 1 is based on interviews while sub-study 2 analyzes official crime statistics. In sub-study 1, the participating actors experiences of the work with ‘Polisprojekt Tomelilla’ and conditions required for similar collaboration projects was examined. Sub-study 2 investigated whether the project appeared to prevent adolescents perpetrated criminal damage, unlawful threats and use of drugs. The result in sub-study 1 demonstrated an overall positive perception of the project, but that there were areas for improvement. Resources, commitment and functioning collaboration were considered to be fundamentally essential for carrying out similar projects. Sub-study 2 found that the project did not generate any significant effect on the crime rates. Lastly, the result is discussed, inter alia based on theory and how interpretation of statistics may have influenced the study's outcome.
Wachana, Paul Herman. "Modeling the Role of Operational Characteristics in Safety Performance of PublicTransportation Systems: The Case of TriMet Bus Collision and Non-collision Incidents." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/545.
Full textAxelsson, Henrik. "Kriminalitetens geografi : vardagsbrottslighetens spatiala fördelning i Borlänge." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Kulturgeografi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-3352.
Full textЛещух, А. Р., and A. R. Leshchukh. "Організаційно-правове забезпечення діяльності органів місцевого самоврядування у сфері профілактики адміністративних правопорушень: дисертація." Thesis, ЛьвДУВС, 2010. http://dspace.lvduvs.edu.ua/handle/1234567890/1049.
Full textДисертацію присвячено комплексному дослідженню організаційно-правового забезпечення діяльності органів місцевого самоврядування у сфері профілактики адміністративних правопорушень. Розглянуто питання щодо ролі та місця цих органів у системі суб’єктів профілактики правопорушень, вдосконалення та розвитку їх форм, методів та функцій у цій сфері; досліджено проблеми взаємодії органів місцевого самоврядування з іншими суб’єктами, які беруть участь в організації та реалізації профілактичних заходів на території відповідної територіальної громади. The thesis deals with the complex research of organizational-legal support activity of organs of local self-government in prevention of administrative violations. It is considered the issue concerning the role and the place of these organs in the system of crime prevention subjects, the improvement and the development of their forms, methods, and functions in this area. The problems of cooperation between organs of local self-government and other subjects involved in the organization and realization of preventive measures on the territory of the proper local community are investigated.
Lambrechts, Derica. "The impact of organised crime on social control by the state : a study of Manenberg in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80057.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study set out to research the influence of a local non-state actor on the role and authority of the state, in the domestic environment. Accordingly, the research problem focused on the impact of a domestic actor on the association between the state and the society. This study only focused on the state at the level of local government and the impact of one specific actor, organised criminal groups, on social control by the state. Thus, state-society relations were discussed in this context. In order to guide this study, the main and two supportive research questions were stated as follows: What is the impact of organised crime on the social control by the state? What are the power dynamics between local governance, criminal agents and society? Has the state become criminalised at the level of local government, as a result of the activities of organised crime, and if so, to what extent? The state thus functioned as the dependent variable and organised criminal groups as the independent variable. The theoretical foundation of this study was located in state-society relations, and specific reference was given to the work of Migdal (1988) and his analysis of state social control, pyramidal and weblike societies. Furthermore, a neo-pluralist view of the state was followed. A conceptualisation of the criminalisation of the state was provided, as the criminalisation of the state was regarded as one possible impact of organised crime on the state. In order to analyse the criminalisation of the state, a framework was constructed from four main avenues of empirical observation. In order to answer the research questions, a case study research design and a predominantly qualitative methodology was selected. As a case, the City of Cape Town was selected and Manenberg, located on the Cape Flats, as the site for the research. A case study research design created the opportunity to describe the context in detail and to connect the micro level of analysis to the macro level; thus, it provided insight on the research topic that enabled the researcher to expand/build theory. The field research process occurred over a period of three months using a triangulation of methods: Key informant interview, small group discussions and observation with three categories of respondents. These three categories included: Community members of Manenberg, organised criminal groups and agents of local government and local governance. In order to set the stage for the empirical analysis, a contextualisation of the dependent and independent variables were provided. It was stated that there is a lack of a universally agreed upon definition of organised crime, and as a result, a conceptualisation of organised crime was generated for this study. It was further argued that the majority of literature treats organised criminal groups and organised criminal gangs as two separate concepts, despite the fact that there are more similarities than differences. Thus, for the purpose of this study, a conclusion was reached that the difference is inconsequential. The development of organised crime in South Africa and an examination of the historical development of the gangs on the Cape Flats were described. With regards to the dependent variable, the context was provided for an analysis of local government in South Africa. The demographical and operational features of the municipal area of the City of Cape Town were explained, with specific reference to safety and security elements. The primary data collected was analysed according to the indicators of social control (compliance, participation and legitimacy), as identified by Migdal (1988). In addition, the framework to analyse the criminalisation of the state at the level of local government was applied on the case study. Based on the analysis, a different system, to what was described by Migdal (1988) in his narrative of a triangle of accommodation was found to be in operation in Manenberg on the Cape Flats. It was confirmed that there is the presence of a weakened state and accordingly, a weblike society, where social control is fragmented between local government and the criminal community. However, in this weblike society a system of local power dynamics exists between the criminal community, social community and local agents of governance, where dyadic collaboration occurs between all three the actors. However, despite the collaboration, the criminalisation of the state does not occur, but rather the statification of the organised criminal community, as it provides goods and service to the social community. The main findings can be summarised as: If a state lacks extensive social control and a rival authority has claimed a level of social control, this will not necessarily lead to the further weakening of the state, as a result of a system of power dynamics in place, where collaboration between the social community, the criminal community and local agents of governance occurs. This system is kept in place by: On-going efforts by the state to maintain (or regain) compliance, participation and legitimacy; corrupt agents of the state (specifically in the security sector); a level of operational ease that exists for the criminal community (and the interweaving of the criminal community in the social community) and a relatively strong society that acknowledges the benefits of criminal activities for the social community, but also recognises the authority and control of the state.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het ten doel om die uitwerking van 'n plaaslike nie-staatsrolspeler op die rol en gesag van die staat in die plaaslike omgewing te ondersoek. Vervolgens fokus die navorsingsvraag op die impak van 'n plaaslike rolspeler op die verhouding tussen die staat en die samelewing. Die studie fokus op die staat op plaaslike regeringsvlak en op die impak van een spesifieke rolspeler, georganiseerde misdaadgroepe. Staat-samelewing-verhoudinge is dus teen hierdie agtergrond bespreek. Om die studie te rig, is die hoof- en twee ondersteunende navorsingsvrae soos volg gestel: Wat is die impak van georganiseerde misdaad op die sosiale beheer van die staat? Wat is die magsdinamiek tussen die plaaslike regeringsvlak, kriminele agente en die samelewing? Is die staat gekriminaliseer op plaaslike regeringsvlak as gevolg van die resultate van georganiseerde misdaadbedrywighede en, indien wel, in hoe 'n mate? Die staat vorm dus die afhanklike veranderlike en georganiseerde misdaadgroepe die onafhanklike veranderlike. Die teoretiese begronding vir hierdie studie is gevind in staat-samelewing-verhoudinge en die werk van Migdal (1988), spesifiek sy analise van staat-sosiale beheer en piramiede- en webvormige samelewings, word genoem. Verder is 'n neo-pluralistiese beskouing van die staat ingeneem. 'n Konseptualisering van die kriminalisering van die staat word verskaf, aangesien dit voorsien is as een moontlike impak van georganiseerde misdaad op die staat. Ten einde die kriminalisering van die staat te ontleed, is 'n raamwerk opgebou uit vier hoofrigtings van empiriese observasie. 'n Gevallestudie is as navorsingsontwerp gebruik om die navorsingsvrae te beantwoord, met hoofsaaklik 'n kwalitatiewe metodologie. As 'n geval is die Stad Kaapstad gekies, met Manenberg op die Kaapse Vlakte as die terrein vir die navorsing. Die gevallestudie-navorsingsontwerp het die geleentheid geskep om die konteks in detail te beskryf en die mikrovlak-analise met die makrovlak-analise te verbind; derhalwe het dit insig verskaf wat die navorser in staat gestel het om teorie (uit) te bou. Die veldwerkproses het oor 'n tydperk van drie maande deur drie metodes plaasgevind: onderhoude met sleutelinformante, kleingroepbesprekings, en observasies met drie kategorieë respondente. Hierdie drie kategorieë is gemeenskapslede van Manenberg, georganiseerde misdaadgroepe, en agente van plaaslike regering en bestuur. Ten einde die empiriese navorsing op te stel, is 'n kontekstualisering van die afhanklike en onafhanklike veranderlikes verskaf. Dit is gestel dat daar 'n gebrek is aan 'n universeel-aanvaarde definisie van georganiseerde misdaad, en as gevolg hiervan is 'n konseptualisering vir hierdie studie gevorm. Daar is verder geargumenteer dat die meerderheid literatuur georganiseerde misdaadgroepe en georganiseerde misdaadbendes as twee aparte konsepte hanteer, ten spyte daarvan dat hierdie groeperinge veel meer ooreenstem as verskil. Vervolgens is die gevolgtrekking gemaak dat die verskil nie betekenisvol is nie. Die ontwikkeling van georganiseerde misdaad in Suid-Afrika en 'n ontleding van die historiese ontwikkeling van bendes op die Kaapse Vlakte is beskryf. Rakende die afhanklike veranderlike, is die konteks verskaf vir 'n analise van plaaslike regering in Suid-Afrika. Die demografiese en operasionele kenmerke van die munisipale area van die Stad Kaapstad is uiteengesit, met spesifieke verwysing na veiligheid- en sekuriteitselemente. Die primêre ingesamelde data is ontleed aan die hand van die indikatore van sosiale beheer (nakoming, deelname en legitimiteit) soos deur Migdal (1988) gedefinieer. Verder is die raamwerk om die kriminalisering van die staat op plaaslike regeringsvlak te ontleed, op die gevallestudie toegepas. Op grond van die analise is daar bevind dat 'n ander stelsel as wat Migdal (1988) in sy narratief van ‟n driehoek van akkommodasie beskryf het, in Manenberg op die Kaapse Vlakte voorkom. Dit is bevestig dat daar 'n verswakte staat voorkom en, vervolgens, 'n webvormige samelewing, waar sosiale beheer gefragmenteer is tussen die plaaslike regering en die kriminele gemeenskap. In hierdie webvormige samelewing bestaan egter 'n stelsel van plaaslike magsdinamiek tussen die kriminele gemeenskap, die sosiale gemeenskap en plaaslike regeringsagente, waar diadiese medewerking tussen al drie die akteurs voorkom. Ten spyte van hierdie samewerking, kom die kriminalisering van die staat egter nie voor nie, maar eerder 'n verstaatliking van die georganiseerde misdaadgemeenskap, aangesien dit goedere en dienste aan die sosiale gemeenskap verskaf. Die hoofbevindinge kan soos volg saamgevat word: As 'n staat nie uitgebreide sosiale beheer het nie en 'n mededingende gesag het 'n vlak van sosiale beheer opgeëis, sal dit nie noodwendig lei tot die verdere verswakking van die staat nie, as gevolg van 'n stelsel van magsdinamiek wat in plek is waar medewerking tussen die sosiale gemeenskap, die kriminele gemeenskap en plaaslike agente van bestuur voorkom. Hierdie stelsel word in plek gehou deur aaneenlopende pogings deur die staat om nakoming, deelname en legitimiteit te verkry (of terug te kry), korrupte staatsagente (spesifiek in die sekuriteitsektor), 'n vlak van operasionele gemak wat vir die kriminele gemeenskap bestaan (en die vervlegting van kriminele gemeenskap en die sosiale gemeenskap), en 'n relatiewe sterk samelewing wat die voordele van kriminele aktiwiteit vir die sosiale gemeenskap erken, maar so ook die gesag en beheer van die staat.
Benali, Karima. "Erfarenheter av kollektiv självförmåga och upplevelser av unga mäns våldsutövning i Fittja : En studie om lokalsamhällets brottsförebyggande roll." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-44933.
Full textAim: This study aims to investigate the perceived significance of social influence in deviant behavior and community violence prevention and to discuss how Fittja resident’s perceptions of preventive adult roles and collective efficacy during 1971–2020 can be understood theoretically. Theory and method: The theoretical framework consist of collective efficacy theory, focusing on social influence and social bonds theory, focusing on everyday attachment. Data was collected by using semi-structured in-depth interviews with ten adult Fittja residents. Results and analysis: The informants report on perceived difficulties but also on the importance of exercising social influence towards young men with deviant and criminal behavior in Fittja. They believe that local adults should have a basic preventive role in relation to young men in the area. According to the informants, certain measurements need to be taken to obtain crime prevention effects from social influence: a) relations between Fittja residents need to be strengthened, b) collaboration between residents and local actors in Fittja needs to be established, c) adults (both residents and local actors) need to build relationships with young men in the area and d) preventive measures need to be taken early. Adult residents have according to the informants over the years been perceived to exert less and less social influence and especially avoid subgroups of young men, meaning young men with a clear connection to a criminal lifestyle. The analysis shows that this could be a possible partial explanation for why young men’s behavior during the 2010s and 2020 is perceived to have reached a level that is difficult to regulate with social influence. The analysis argues that social influence is a behavior that adult residents need to train themselves in exercising and young men trained in receiving, but also that social influence needs to be exercised continuously and directed at all young men to prevent the formation of subgroups that disconnect from conformity and the influence of the local population.
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Denna studie undersöker vilken betydelse social påverkan upplevs ha inom lokalsamhällen. Studien lyfter frågan huruvida boende i Fittja har reagerat på inkorrekta och kriminella beteenden hos unga män i området och om upplevs kunna vara en metod för förebyggande av avvikande och mindre kriminella beteenden samt på längre sikt våldsutövning i form av skjutvapenvåld. Tio vuxna Fittjabor har intervjuats om synen på sin egen roll i förebyggande av ungdomskriminalitet i området samt om upplevelser av hur de och andra Fittjabor har utövat social påverkan under perioden 1971–2020. Studien utgår från de teoretiska perspektiven social påverkan och vardagsanknytning som hämtats och modifierats ur teorin om kollektiv självförmåga och teorin om sociala band. De teoretiska perspektiven har integrerats med grund i idén om att när vuxna i lokalsamhällen har en god relation och dialog med unga män i området, så underlättas möjligheten att tillrättavisa dem om de skulle uppföra sig på ett avvikande eller mindre kriminellt sätt. Den framåtblickande idén med perspektiven ifråga är att kontinuerlig dialogföring, relationsbyggande och tillrättavisning av unga män bryter inkorrekta och kriminella beteenden i ett tidigt skede och förebygger att beteendena utvecklas till grövre sådana, såsom exempelvis våldsbrott. Resultatet och analysen visar att informanterna tycker att det är svårt att utöva social påverkan mot unga män som beter sig inkorrekt och kriminellt, men ändå anser att det är viktigt att göra det samt att vuxna har en viktig roll i denna fråga. De har även en upplevelse av att vuxna lokalbor behöver bygga relationer med varandra och med unga män samt samarbeta med olika aktörer i Fittja för att kunna förebygga ungdomsbrottslighet. Framförallt anser de att detta behöver göras medan unga män fortfarande är pojkar. Vuxna lokalbor i Fittja upplevs enligt informanterna ha utövat allt mindre social påverkan genom åren och särskilt undvikit unga män med lite stökigare och kriminella beteenden jämfört med mer skötsamma unga män från området. I analysen diskuteras det att detta skulle kunna vara en delförklaring till den upplevda förvärringen av unga mäns beteenden under 2010-talet och år 2020 och varför social påverkan under dessa senare tider flera gånger inte upplevs ha en inverkan på deras beteenden. Analysen påvisar att social påverkan är ett beteende som vuxna lokalbor behöver träna sig själva i att utöva och unga män tränas i att motta. Det konstateras vidare att social påverkan behöver utövas kontinuerligt och riktas mot samtliga unga män för att inte tillåta bildandet av mindre grupper av unga män som lever en kriminell livsstil och som lokalbefolkningen sedan inte kan hantera.
Шеремет, О. С., and O. S. Sheremet. "Органи місцевого самоврядування як суб’єкт запобігання злочинам : дисертація." Thesis, Запоріжжя, 2018. http://dspace.univd.edu.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/9151.
Full textДисертація є першим в Україні комплексним науковим дослідженням, в якому з урахуванням законодавства, досягнень теорії і практики, висунуто низку концептуальних у теоретичному та прикладному аспектах положень і висновків, які визначають поняття органів місцевого самоврядування як суб’єкту запобігання злочинам, розкривають їх місце, роль та функції. Показано причинно-наслідковий зв’язок між показниками злочинності та участю органів місцевого самоврядування у запобіганні злочинам. Констатовано, що охорона громадського порядку та профілактика правопорушень на регіональному рівні повинні бути віднесені до числа питань місцевого значення, що відповідало б положенням Конституції України. На цій основі запропоновано доцільність наділення органів місцевого самоврядування організаційною та координуючою функціями, щодо діяльності правоохоронних органів, що зможе обмежити пріоритет відомчих інтересів, усунути виникаючі протиріччя та неузгодженості в роботі. Доводиться доцільність використання муніципальної поліції при запобіганні окремих видів злочинів. Обґрунтовано необхідність взаємодії органів місцевого самоврядування, державної кримінально-виконавчої служби та органів пробації.
The thesis is the first complex scientific research in Ukraine in which, taking into account legislation, theoretical and practical achievements, a number of conceptual positions and conclusions in theoretical and applied aspects are put forward, in which the current state of development of the local governments bodies, their place, role and functions in the general structure of subjects of crime prevention, in the prevention of certain types of crimes, are revealed. A cause-and-effect relationship between crime rates and the participation of the local government bodies in crime prevention is shown. Based on the analysis of crime in Ukraine, the thesis was formulated that the state policy of promoting the development of civil society in Ukraine should be aimed at using the capacity of the local government bodies to ensure non-conflict relations in ethno-national, cultural and religious spheres, expanding of social intersectional partnership between the government, business and civil society institutions. It is the local government that can create the conditions for direct involvement in the preparation of management decisions of interested public groups, which will contribute to ensuring public consent, social peace, sustainable development and stability in the state. In the course of the study, on the basis of the developed methodology of identification and evaluation of communication between the local government bodies and law enforcement agencies, the public, the theoretical and practical importance of the participation of the local government bodies, as an independent subject, in crime prevention by power balancing between the authorities and executive bodies, was proved. The analysis of current legal framework for regulation of powers of the local government bodies to ensure the prevention of crime is presented and the ways and methods for its improvement are clarified. It was stated that the maintenance of public order and the prevention of offenses at the regional level should be attributed to the issues of local importance, which would comply with the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine. Pursuant thereto, the content of powers of the local government bodies and the territorial community for the prevention of crimes was differentiated. These powers are reflected in the separation of powers functioning on the principles of democracy in the system of supreme legislative and executive bodies.
Диссертация является первым в Украине комплексным научным исследованием, в котором с учетом законодательства, достижений теории и практики, выдвинут ряд концептуальных в теоретическом и прикладном аспектах положений и выводов, которые определяют понятие органов местного самоуправления как субъекта предупреждения преступлений, раскрывают их место, роль и функции. Виявлена и представлена причинно-следственная связь между показателями преступности и участием органов местного самоуправления в предупреждении преступлений. Констатировано, что охрана общественного порядка и профилактика правонарушений на региональном уровне должны быть отнесены к числу вопросов местного значения, что соответствовало бы положениям Конституции Украины. На этой основе предложено наделить органы местного самоуправления организационной и координирующей функциями по отношению к деятельности правоохранительных органов, что сможет ограничить приоритет ведомственных интересов, устранить возникающие противоречия и несогласованности в работе. Указывается на целесообразность использования муниципальной полиции при предотвращении отдельных видов преступлений. Обоснована необходимость взаимодействия органов местного самоуправления с государственной уголовно- исполнительной службой и органами пробации.
Yu, Sung-suk Violet. "Bus stops and crime do bus stops increase crime opportunities in local neighborhoods? /." 2009. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10002600001.ETD.000051322.
Full textMabaso, Beauty Thabisile. "The implications of improvements on road-transport for the Tshwane Metropolitan Police." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20680.
Full textAn improved roads and public transport system also referred to in this research as road-transport, is strategic to economic growth in countries worldwide. This is why the improvements relating thereto have been prioritised by governments in developing economies such as South Africa. The problem that therefore informed the research in this study is that ever since the improvements on road-transport in South Africa, the implications thereof on the role of the Tshwane Metropolitan Police Department (TMPD) have not been studied, to understand the associated dynamics. The dynamics relate to how the road-transport improvements have swayed the role of law enforcement in the City of Tshwane. To unpack the dynamics, the study posed the question: What are the implications of the road-transport improvements on the role of the TMPD? In an attempt to answer this question, the study premised itself on exploring one primary aim, which is: to explore the implications of the road-transport improvements, on the role of the TMPD. To operationalise this aim, the study used three research objectives, which are: to describe the road-transport improvements In South Africa; to explain the role of the Tshwane Metropolitan Police Department; as well as to identify factors that hinders the effectiveness of the TMPD. The research used a qualitative approach wherein primary data was collected using interviews. The research showed that road-transport improvements in South Africa can be summarised into two categories. These are traffic improvements and improvements in public transport. The research also found that the role of the TMPD include traffic policing, by-law enforcement, crime prevention, crime Investigation and crowd management. Although the role of the TMPD is regulated properly, the study shows that this law enforcement agency was constrained by a number of challenges. The challenges include: lack of clarity in their crime prevention mandate; limited investigative powers; balancing their enforcement and crime prevention mandates; poor training in crowd management; staff shortages; resource problems; and administrative challenges. To deal with the problems thus requires strong management and leadership within the institution.
Police Practice
M. Tech. (Policing)
Thobane, Mahlogonolo Stephina. "The criminal career of armed robbers with specific reference to cash-in-transit robberies." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18353.
Full textDepartment of Criminology and Security Science
M.A. (Criminology)
Pheiffer, Debra Claire. "An analysis of the role of the South African Police Service and the local government in crime prevention." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13539.
Full textCrime is unwanted in any society because it brings about fear, anger and hatred. As people living in a world of constant change, we tend to strive for innovation which this research endeavours. The South African Police Service (SAPS) and all relevant role-players become partners in the fight against not only crime, but also community problems that threaten the well-being of inhabitants. Local Government is attempting to develop communities in municipal areas and SAPS primary function is to reduce crime. If crime is one of the main obstacles in improving the quality of life, then surely government authorities must take responsibility for local safety, and who better than these two key organisations taking the lead. This study investigates the roles of SAPS and Local Government in crime prevention in the Cape Winelands District Municipality; also whether their co-operation brings about fruitful results and what interventions are actively in place. It further explores whether their integrated approach has an impact on the safety and security of local communities. Lastly, it determines whether their collaboration is effective or not; and what additional improvements can be implemented, seeking new insights for future reference. Three hundred (300) questionnaires were distributed to senior management members of the SAPS and Local Government, as well as other relative stakeholders who contribute to increasing safety. Crime reduction influences all spheres of society, for example our economy, businesses, tourism etc. Reducing crime and building safer communities must be a priority for all South Africans. To achieve this, crime prevention programmes should be initiated at community level, since crime prevention involves responding to a few priority problems, using multi-agency approaches. Government legislation and policies urge both organisations to take the lead in implementing crime prevention projects which this study discovered. This analysis is not to re-invent the wheel but to find effective ways in strengthening partnership which leads to new knowledge in the field of crime prevention at local level. One of the basic needs of any community is the need for safety and security and this study aims to assist and contribute to increase safety using an integrated approach.
Enige samelewing het „n afkeur aan misdaad omdat dit angs, haat en negatiewe emosies aanwakker. Omdat die mensdom gedurig verandering in die gesig staar, poog hierdie navorsing om nuwe idees. Die Suid Afrikaanse Polisie Diens (SAPD) en ander rolspelers is vennote in die bekamping van misdaad, asook probleme wat die welstand van elke gemeenskap bedreig. Plaaslike owerhede beywer hulle om gemeenskappe te vestig terwyl misdaadbekamping die SAPD se primêre doel is. Hierdie studie ondersoek die rolle van die SAPD en plaaslike owerhede in die bekamping van misdaad binne die grense van die Wynland Distrikte Munisipailteit. Ook ondersoek hierdie studie of daar vrugbare uitslae en aktiewe maatreëls in plek is om misdaad hok te slaan. Verder ondersoek die studie of gesamentlike aksies enige impak op die gemeenskap se veiligheid en sekuriteit het. Ten laaste bepaal hierdie studie of die samewerking vrugte afwerp of nie; en watter nuwe metodes aangewend kan word ter verbetering in die lig van toekomstige vraagstukke rondom misdaad. Tydens hierdie studie is 300 vraelyste versprei onder senior lede van die SAPD en plaaslike regering sowel as ander gemeenskap rolspelers. Misdaadbekamping speel „n belangrike rol in enige gemeenskap aangesien dit „n impak het op die ekonomie, handel, toerisme, ens. Dus is die verlaging van die misdaad syfer en die bou van veilige gemeenskappe elke Suid-Afrikaner se plig. Om hierdie doel te bereik, verg samemerking tussen elke vennoot, aangesien misdaadbekamping elke persoon, organisasie en regerings department se prioriteit behoort te wees. Wetgewing moedig alle rolspelers aan en in hierdie geval, SAPD en plaaslike owerhede, om die voortou te neem tydens die implementering van projekte ter bekamping van misdaad. Hierdie studie se mikpunt is om effektiewe maniere te vind om die vennootskap in misdaadbekamping op plaaslike vlak te versterk. Die uiteindelike doel is om „n positiewe bydrae te maak in die basiese behoeftes van elke gemeenskap; om veiligheid en sekuriteit deur „n standpunt van vennootskap te ondersoek en te implementeer; en sodoende „n omgee kultuur in dié Distrik te verseker.
Police Practice
D. Litt. et Phil. (Police Science)
Serafin, Tomasz. "Wpływ programów prewencyjnych na poziom bezpieczeństwa lokalnego." Doctoral thesis, 2016.
Find full textProgramy prewencyjne odgrywają znaczącą rolę w obszarze bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego. Dlatego też, wpływ programów na bezpieczeństwo, rozumiany jako ich skuteczność i efektywność, ma decydujące znaczenie przy określaniu nakładów finansowych, materialnych i osobowych przeznaczanych na ich realizację. Stąd też istotnego znaczenia nabierają również metody tworzenia, realizacji i ewaluacji programów, a także końcowego ich rozliczania. Dotychczas w naukach o bezpieczeństwie i naukach pokrewnych nie zostały określone uniwersalne wskaźniki jakościowe potwierdzające osiągnięcie zakładanych celów programów prewencyjnych. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań nad powiatowymi programami zapobiegania przestępczości oraz ochrony bezpieczeństwa obywateli i porządku publicznego opracowano metodę pomiaru skuteczności programu opartą na wskaźnikach zrealizowania zadań oraz osiągnięcia celu oraz opracowano wzorcową strukturę efektywnego programu prewencyjnego. Ponadto ustalono, że decydujące znaczenia dla określenia wpływu działań prewencyjnych na bezpieczeństwo ma precyzyjne określenie celów, które zakłada się do osiągnięcia poprzez realizację poszczególnych zadań. Metodyka oceny skuteczności i efektywności programów i projektów prewencyjnych, jak i modelowa struktura programu prewencyjnego mogą zostać wykorzystane przez administrację państwową oraz samorządową, organizacje pozarządowe, a także służby i formacje realizujące zadania z zakresu bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego.
Nunes, João Paulo Martins. "Perceção de crime e segurança, e análise dos espaços físicos do Centro Histórico do Porto." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7490.
Full textThe present dissertation explores the reality of urban security and insecurity, as well as seeks to analyze physical spaces, as factors that can influence the occurrence of crimes and also the feeling of (un)safety by people who live, work and study in the Historic Center of Porto. Thus, the main purposes were: i) to capture the population's perception of the (un)safety felt in the area under study; and ii) to investigate the possible influence of physical spaces that may have a connection with security perception. In order to make the realization of this investigation conceivable, a study design of exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional, and still observational character based on selfreport was chosen. The Local Safety Diagnosis questionnaire was administered to 195 individuals of both genders, aged between 18 and 87 years. That said, the results showed that 26.2% of the population surveyed said they did not consider the area in question safe and that robbery and robbery appear as the crimes they most observe and fear in this particular place. It was also recorded in the six zones that integrate the current Union of Parishes of the Historic Center the observation of spatial features that, according to what has been conjectured and confirmed by other analyzes, can enhance the criminal occurrence.
TROUPOVÁ, Lucie. "Analýza vývojových tendencí kriminality v Jihočeském kraji od doby zřízení vyšších územních samosprávných celků." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-188577.
Full textMabudusha, Sekgololo Angel. "The policing of illegal squatting in the greenbelts within Weltevreden Park area." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3458.
Full textPolice Practice
M. Tech.(Policing)