Academic literature on the topic 'Local transit crime Prevention'
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Journal articles on the topic "Local transit crime Prevention"
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Reed, Thomas B., Richard R. Wallace, and Daniel A. Rodriguez. "Transit Passenger Perceptions of Transit-Related Crime Reduction Measures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1731, no. 1 (January 2000): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1731-16.
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Violent crimes against public transit bus operators and passengers in Michigan were studied. The study was funded by the Michigan Department of Transportation and conducted by the University of Michigan in early 1999. A survey approach examined transit passenger perceptions of numerous transit-related crime reduction measures, primarily patrol and security, design actions, and technological innovation. The respondents ranked emergency telephones for passengers and increased lighting as the best crime prevention measures. The survey was part of a wider study that also surveyed transit agencies and transit vehicle operators.
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Loveday, Barry. "Local authorities and crime prevention." Local Government Studies 24, no. 1 (March 1998): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03003939808433899.
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Manoukian, A. R., and M. Kh Shkhagapsoeva. "LOCAL GOVERNMENTS’ ROLE IN CRIME PREVENTION." Historical and social-educational ideas 8, no. 5/2 (January 1, 2016): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2016-8-5/2-130-132.
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Kohnstamm, Jacob. "Crime prevention as a local enterprise." European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 5, no. 3 (September 1997): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02677651.
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Persson, Monika. "Local Sensemaking of Policy Paradoxes – Implementing Local Crime Prevention in Sweden." Public Organization Review 13, no. 1 (July 5, 2012): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11115-012-0181-z.
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Jung, Sang-Pil, and Jin-Wook Kim. "Analysis and study of guidelines for crime prevention environment design of local governments: Focusing on regional governments." Korea CPTED Association 13, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 69–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.26470/jcssed.2022.13.2.69.
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The occurrence of the top five crimes in Korea has been steadily decreasing over the past decade. The crime rate in this country is low at the global level, but the problem is that as society becomes more stable, the need for safety increases and social anxiety about crime increases. There have been many changes since the introduction of Crime Prevention Environment Design (CPTED) to Korea in the 1990s to spatially prevent such crimes. One of them is to reorganize the crime prevention environment design legally and institutionally. Since the provision of crime prevention environment design was newly established in the Building Act in 2004, crime prevention environment design guidelines for each local government have been newly established. This reflects the urgent need for a design guideline that reflects the characteristics of each region, but it was analyzed that some local governments have not yet created a crime prevention environment design guideline. In addition, the purpose of the guidelines developed by each local government was not clear in some cases, and it was found that there were many insufficient guidelines for use in the field. Safety in the country should be the first policy direction, and in order to respond to this, the crime prevention environment design guidelines should be continuously newly established and revised in the future. To this end, we tried to find problems by analyzing the production status of each local government's crime prevention environment design guidelines.
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De Souza Oliveira, Elenice, Braulio Figueiredo Alves da Silva, Pietra Raissa Silva, Ana Marcela Ardila Pinto, and Elisa Dilly Generoso Macedo. "Perception of safety in Public Transport in Brazil." International Journal of Law and Public Administration 5, no. 2 (December 6, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijlpa.v5i2.5812.
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This current study examines the perception of safety on the public bus transit system in a large Brazilian metropolis. Using a web-based survey, the study reached a convenient sample of bus users of a local university who were victims and witnesses to crime in two different types of local bus transit environments - the BRT MOVE - a modern bus system and its opposing counterpart - the conventional bus system. Research questions investigate whether or not riders’ perception of safety is influenced by the presence of mechanisms of control and surveillance on buses. Using a linear regression model, this study hypothesizes that the perception of safety among victims and/or witnesses to crime varies according to exposure to risk in different bus transit systems. Limitations of the results were addressed and reliability and validity issues were reviewed. This study demonstrates the relevance of different types of risk factors on riders’ perception of safety on buses, bus stops, and stations. This contributes to widening the range of public transit safety solutions in Brazil.
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Clancey, Garner. "Local Crime Prevention: ‘Breathing Life (Back) into Social Democratic and Penal Welfare Concerns’?" International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v4i4.198.
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Fieldwork in the inner-Sydney postcode area of Glebe (New South Wales, Australia) sought to understand how local community workers conceptualise crime causation and the approaches adopted to prevent crime. Observation of more than 30 inter-agency meetings, 15 interviews and two focus groups with diverse local workers revealed that social-welfare or ‘root’ causes of crime were central to explanations of local crime. Numerous crime prevention measures in the area respond directly to these understandings of crime (a youth diversion program on Friday and Saturday evenings, an alternative education program, a police-youth exercise program, and so on). While other more surveillant forms of crime prevention were evident, the findings of this research suggest a significant social-welfare orientation to crime prevention. These findings echo Brown’s (2012) observations of the resilience of penal-welfarism in Australia.
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Sheperdson, Patrick, Garner Clancey, Murray Lee, and Thomas Crofts. "Community Safety and Crime Prevention Partnerships: Challenges and Opportunities." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 3, no. 1 (April 2, 2014): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v3i1.135.
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In many jurisdictions around the world, community safety and crime prevention activity is supported by interagency committees. In the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW), local government Community Safety Officers (CSOs) lead, support or participate in a range of interagency and ‘whole of government’ networks, most of which were established to support central NSW state government crime prevention and community safety initiatives. Research was conducted with the aim of exploring the CSOs’ experience of the ‘whole of government’ partnerships established to support community safety and crime prevention in NSW.[i] The findings support international research which suggests that central-local partnerships are inhibited by different agendas, responsibilities and power dynamics across different levels of government. Some of the key contextual challenges for this work include concerns about costs shifting from State to local government and about shifting State government priorities; barriers to funding and to accessing crime (and other) data; and various administrative burdens. Consequently, we argued that there is a need for formal engagement and negotiation between, on the one hand, State government agencies that steer NSW crime prevention and, on the other, community safety policy initiatives and local government. Such engagement could help overcome the perception, indeed the reality, that shifting and dumping costs and responsibilities to local government is creating a range of burdens for CSOs. [i] The authors thank the NSW Local Government Community Safety and Crime Prevention Network and the individual local government CSOs who kindly assisted and contributed to this research.
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YOON GOANG GU and SiKyung Lee. "Influential Factor on Effect of Local Crime Prevention Network." Korean Journal of Local Government & Administration Studies 22, no. 1 (June 2008): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18398/kjlgas.2008.22.1.27.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Local transit crime Prevention"
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Manaliyo, Jean-Claude. "Local solutions from local people : community participation in crime prevention in Khayelitsha." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5091.
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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)The involvement of local communities in crime prevention programmes emerged as an alternative strategy for fighting and preventing crime after the failure of the criminal justice system to control and deter criminal activities effectively. Governments across the globe regard local communities as key actors in fighting and preventing crime. Community participation in crime prevention has become a key strategy to improve safety and security. The main aim of this study is to explore the extent to which residents of Khayelitsha contribute to the maintenance of security and order in their area; and to investigate the extent to which residents are empowered to solve crime problems on their own. The framework of this study is grounded on theories of crime namely: occupational choice, social learning, and social disorganisation; and concepts such as crime, crime prevention, and community participation. The literature review of this study focuses crime situation in South Africa with emphasis on crime trends, costs of crime, determinants of crime, and attempts made by the South African government to fight and prevent crime at national and local government levels. The study used key informant in-depth interviews with representatives of anti-crime community-based organisations in Site B and as well as ordinary residents of Site B. Data of this study is largely qualitative although it is supplemented with quantitative data relating to crime statistics which was collected as secondary data. In this study, both narratives and crime statistics reveal that robbery and theft-related crimes, drug abuse, and assaults are among the most predominant crimes. All informants perceived poverty and the use of drugs and alcohol as root causes of crime in Site B. The residents contribute in preventing and fighting crime in Site B by engaging in the following activities: patrolling streets as volunteers in Community Policing Forums (CPF); and providing crimerelated information to anti-crime organisations such as South African Police Service (SAPS), South African National Civic Organisation (SANCO), and Khayelitsha Development Forum (KDF). The residents also get involved in crime prevention informally by exercising informal social sanctions. However, challenges such as ineffectiveness of the law enforcement and lack of financial support hinder the residents’ participation in crime prevention.
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Bunt, Philip Kessell. "The changing face of policing : local issues in national perspective." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1078.
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The thesis reviews the changes which have taken place in policing England and Wales between 1950 and 1998 with particular reference to foui* key themes: community policmg, crime preverition, victims of crime and quality ofservice. It contributes to ah understanding of how policing has developed during a period of significant social change and explores the rationale which has underpinned legislative development and policy making at national and force levels whilst identifying the significance of these changes within a local city environment. The development of the key themes at national level is considered within the local policing environment of the south-west of England. This has been undertaken with particular reference to the way in which they have influenced the direction of policing within Devon and Cornwall and, in particular, how aspects of their implementation have been perceived by both police officers and sections of the public within the largest urban area of the two counties, the city of Plymouth. Much of the detailed research within the city has concentrated upon the area of Stonehouse, forming part of the St Peter ward; an area which has been identified as one of the most socially and economically deprived locations in England. Through personal interviews, telephone and postal questionnaires, and an insider's ethnographic perspective, the study is brought into local focus. This allows critical analysis of the key themes in terms of their local development against the national perspective.
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Pfigu, Tinashe. "Local responses to a travelling model of crime prevention and crime management : community policing in Stellenbosch, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71604.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The mention of any form of crime in South Africa for the most part invokes fear of both an unknown or known perpetrator who may strike at any time and inflict harm to one’s body and property. Through ethnographic work that generated qualitative data, the study explores, interprets and analyses what community policing is in practice from three selected localities: Die Boord, Kayamandi and Kylemore in the Stellenbosch Municipality of the Western Cape. This is illustrated throughout the thesis by the descriptions and analysis of processes, ideas and performances of community policing from the local level. Therefore, the important issues the thesis brings out centre on how people define and perform community policing and their perceptions of it. In light of the above statements, how people understood community policing and how they created local sensibilities about community policing as a response to crime informs the discussion and analysis in the thesis. In the process, I bring out what informed people’s perceptions of community policing, how people talked about crime or conceived of security. In so doing, the study aims to use local examples to reveal the at times muted and ignored responses to not only community policing, but also to broader issues around crime prevention and crime management policy and practice. Moreover, the thesis illustrates the numerous ways in which local experiences and constructions of crime shape the practice of community policing. Through the use of ethnography, the study analyses the notion of security in terms of local perspectives, local history and local security needs. The study further explores the relevance of the ‘racialised’ and class experiences of crime and security, as well as social divisions of age and gender in order to understand the differences in perceptions and reactions to community policing at the local level. The notions of the ‘travelling model’ and ‘translation’ provide theoretical constructs to examine how community policing is conceived of in policy at the national and provincial levels in South Africa and the links with the constant changes in the international discourse of crime prevention and crime management. The thesis concludes by illuminating the complexities involved in reforms to crime prevention and crime management in South Africa in response to changing patterns of crime and to criminals who have become ever bolder in their endeavours. In the process, the thesis offers a critique of and sheds light on, to what extent the realities of crime and its related problems in South Africa inform the re-reading of community policing and broader issues around crime prevention and crime management.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die noem van enige vorm van misdaad in Suid-Afrika roep ’n vrees van beide ’n onbekende of bekende oortreder op wat op enige oomblik kan toeslaan en skade aan ’n mens se liggaam en eiendom kan aanrig. Deur die gebruik van etnografiese werk wat kwalitatiewe data opgelewer het, verken, interpreter en analiseer hierdie studie die praktyk van gemeenskapspolisiëring in drie geselekteerde woonbuurte: Die Boord, Kayamandi en Kylemore in die Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit van die Wes-Kaap. Dit word in die proefskrif geïllustreer deur die beskrywings en analise van prosesse, idees en opvoerings van gemeenskapspolisiëring op die plaaslike vlak. Die belangrike kwessies wat die proefskrif dus na vore bring, sentreer rondom mense se definisies van gemeenskapspolisiëring, hoe hulle dit opvoer en hul persepsies daarvan. Die bespreking en analise in die tesis word, in die lig van die bogenoemde stellings, ingelig deur hoe mense gemeenskapspolisiëring verstaan en hoe hulle plaaslike denkbeelde oor gemeenskapspolisiëring as ’n antwoord op misdaad geskep het. Ek bring in hierdie proses na vore wat mense se persepsies van gemeenskapspolisiëring ingelig het, sowel as die manier waarop mense oor misdaad gepraat het of oor sekuriteit gedink het. Die studie probeer om op hierdie wyse plaaslike voorbeelde te gebruik om die somtyds onderdrukte en geïgnoreerde reaksies, nie slegs op gemeenskapspolisiëring nie, maar ook op wyer kwessies rondom misdaadvoorkoming en misdaadbestuur, in beleid en praktyk, te onthul. Die tesis illustreer verder die verskeie maniere waarop plaaslike ervarings en konstruksies van misdaad die praktyk van gemeenskapspolisiëring vorm. Deur die gebruik van etnografie analiseer die studie die begrip sekuriteit in terme van plaaslike perspektiewe, plaaslike geskiedenis en plaaslike sekuriteitsbehoeftes. Die studie verken verder die relevansie van ’rasiale’ en klaservarings van misdaad en sekuriteit, sowel as sosiale verdelings van ouderdom en geslag om sodoende die verskille in persepsies en reaksies op gemeenskapspolisiëring op die plaaslike vlak te verstaan. Die opvattings rondom die ‘reisende model’ en ’vertaling’ bied teoretiese konstrukte om ondersoek in te stel na hoe gemeenskapspolisiëring in beleid op nasionale en provinsiale vlakke in Suid-Afrika verstaan word en die skakels met konstante veranderings in die internasionale diskoers oor misdaadvoorkoming en misdaadbestuur. Die tesis sluit af deur die kompleksiteite wat by misdaadvoorkoming en misdaadbestuur in Suid-Afrika betrokke is, te belig, in antwoord op veranderende patrone van misdaad en op misdadigers wat steeds meer vrypostig geword het. In die proses bied die tesis ’n kritiese blik op en belig dit die mate waartoe die realiteite van misdaad en verwante probleme in Suid-Afrika die herlees van gemeenskapspolisiëring, sowel as wyer kwessies rondom misdaadvoorkoming en misdaadbestuur, inlig.
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Meehan, Michael K. "The tools of prevention building prevention and deterrence into exercise programs /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA486358.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Bellavita, Christopher. "September 2006." "Change in distribution statement for Tools of Prevention: Building Prevention and Deterrence into Exercise Programs -- September 2006." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 17, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-119). Also available in print.
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Barthuly, Bryce Edward. "Spatial Analysis of Burglary and Robbery Crime Concentration Near Mass-Transit in Portland." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5034.
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The relationship between mass-transit and the concentration of burglary and robbery crimes is inconsistent within the available literature in environmental criminology. A number of studies have provided evidence of crime concentration at and near mass transit locations where paths intersect, referred to as a node. These empirical studies bring in environmental criminology theory with the idea that crime is clustered, and the pattern of the concentrations is substantially influenced by how and why people travel and move in a city. It is suggested that public transit allows for a large proportion of the population to move around the community along a restricted number of destinations and paths; therefore, this concentration of population frames opportunities, and increases overall concentrations of crime. Establishments and environments surrounding transit nodes may act as crime generators or attractors, as a high influx of people are drawn to the area via nearby transit services. More recent literature has identified contrasting results, finding that crime does not concentrate near mass transit areas. In some cases, transit facilities appear to act as protective nodes, with lower counts of crime occurring in and around these locales.
Given the conflicting results of existing research about crime at and near transit nodes, this study advances work in environmental criminology by analyzing the concentration of burglary and robbery events in Portland, Oregon. Recognizing that crime concentrations may vary depending on the level of analysis, this study explores crime concentrations at multiple levels of analysis. At the macro-level, this study examines burglaries and robberies across Portland as a whole to determine whether these events concentrate around mass transit nodes, when compared to other areas of the city. The meso-level examines within the broad category of mass transit, to explore whether burglary and robbery events cluster differently around different types of mass transit. Finally, the micro scale investigates the five highest-crime transit nodes to explore how burglary and robbery events concentrate in close proximity to these important locations. This study finds that while crime concentrates at higher levels surrounding mass transit nodes within Portland, the patterns of this concentration changes as the spatial level of analysis changes.
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Rodrigues, Natália Barbat. "Diagnóstico Local de Segurança no bairro Guajuviras em Canoas/RS: proposta de investigação-ação." Bachelor's thesis, [s .n.], 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6760.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em CriminologiaEste trabalho trata, em termos gerais, da prevenção ao crime aliada a atuação policial e o que pode ser feito acerca desse tema em um determinado contexto. Objetiva, portanto, um aprofundamento no que tange a prevenção ao crime, apresentando sugestões de formas eficazes de atuar nesse âmbito, nomeadamente através de uma avaliação comunitária tendo por base um Diagnóstico Local de Segurança (DLS). O público alvo será a população do bairro Guajuviras, localizado na cidade de Canoas, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. É sugerida também a participação no estudo das instituições de controle social formal que atuam no contexto, nomeadamente a Polícia Civil, Brigada Militar e Guarda Civil Municipal. Para tal se procederá ao levantamento de dados sociodemográficos, do sentimento de segurança/insegurança, opiniões acerca do controle social, experiências de vitimação e sentimento de pertença à comunidade. Com a realização deste DLS se espera ter acesso a um esquema de inteligibilidade que servirá como base para medidas interventivas futuras.
This work deals, in general terms, with the prevention of crime with police action and what can be made about this topic in a given context. It aims, therefore, a deepening in what concerns the prevention to the crime, presenting suggestions of effective ways of acting in this scope,in particular through a Community assessment based on a Local Safety Assessment (DLS). The target audience will be the population of the neighborhood Guajuviras, located in the city of Canoas, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is also suggested the participation in the study of institutions of formal social control that act in the context, namely the Civil Police, Military Brigade and Municipal Civil Guard. For this purpose, sociodemographic data will be collected, feelings of security / insecurity, opinions about social control, experiences of victimization and feelings of belonging to society. With the realization of this DLS is expected to have access to an intelligibility scheme that will serve as a basis for future intervention measures.
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Salomane, Khompane Edward. "Role of Community Policing Forums (CPFs) in effective crime prevention in the Merafong Local Municipality Area : a critical analysis / Khompane Edward Salomane." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4744.
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This research is concerned with the role of a Community Policing Forum (CPF) in
fighting crime in communities. The National Crime and Prevention Strategy
(NCPS) indicates that, in order to fight crime effectively, communities and the
SAPS should work collaboratively and in partnership with each other. Apart from
the aim of fighting crime, as stated in the NCPS, the South African Police Act 68
of 1995 mandates each police station to establish a CPF. The current research
uses both qualitative and quantitative research methods to establish whether
CPFs attached to police stations operate in accordance with the South African
Police Act 68 of 1995.
The literature review provides the necessary background to the socio–economic
dynamics of South African policing. It does that by outlining the development of
the current policing approach and by exploring specifically the notion of
community policing; and also by contextualising the statutory and regulatory
guidelines for the functioning of a CPF. The empirical research revealed that
communities in the selected area of study (the Merafong Local Municipality) are
operating according to the South African Police Act 68 of 1995 towards the aim
of fighting crime effectively.
On the basis of both the literature review and the empirical findings,
recommendations that could improve the prevention of crime by means of a CPF
are made.Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Hallgren, Andrea, and Ida Henriksson. ""Men, det brister vid frågan om resurser": En granskning av Polisprojekt Tomelilla." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26387.
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Föreliggande studie har granskat det brottsförebyggande projektet ‘Polisprojekt Tomelilla’, vilket implementerades i Tomelilla kommun som ett pilotprojekt mellan maj 2015 och juni 2016. De brottspreventiva insatserna infördes bland annat till följd av en ökad kriminalitet hos dem unga i Tomelilla kommun och var således ett samarbete mellan polis, socialtjänst, skola, arbetsförmedling samt fritidsverksamhet. Rådande undersökning är uppdelad i två delstudier, där delstudie 1 baseras på intervjuer medan delstudie 2 analyserar officiell brottsstatistik. I delstudie 1 utröntes de deltagande aktörerna i ‘Polisprojekt Tomelilla’ upplevelser av arbetet samt vilka förutsättningar som fordras för liknande samverkansprojekt. Delstudie 2 undersökte huruvida projektet verkade förebyggande gentemot ungdomarnas utförda skadegörelse, olaga hot samt bruk av narkotika. Resultatet i delstudie 1 påvisade en hos aktörerna övergripande positiv uppfattning av projektet men att det existerade förbättringsområden. Resurser, engagemang och god samverkan betraktades huvudsakligen vara grundläggande för att bedriva liknande projekt. Delstudie 2 konstaterade att projektet inte genererat någon påtaglig brottsförebyggande effekt. Avslutningsvis diskuteras bland annat resultatet kopplat till teori samt hur tolkning av statistik kan ha kommit att påverka studiens utfall.The present study has examined the crime prevention project 'Polisprojekt Tomelilla', which was implemented in Tomelilla municipality as a pilot project between May 2015 and June 2016. The crime preventing actions were principally introduced as a result of the increased crime rates among young individual’s in Tomelilla municipality, and was thus a collaboration between police, social services, school, employment services and the community youth center. The paper is divided into two sub-studies, where sub-study 1 is based on interviews while sub-study 2 analyzes official crime statistics. In sub-study 1, the participating actors experiences of the work with ‘Polisprojekt Tomelilla’ and conditions required for similar collaboration projects was examined. Sub-study 2 investigated whether the project appeared to prevent adolescents perpetrated criminal damage, unlawful threats and use of drugs. The result in sub-study 1 demonstrated an overall positive perception of the project, but that there were areas for improvement. Resources, commitment and functioning collaboration were considered to be fundamentally essential for carrying out similar projects. Sub-study 2 found that the project did not generate any significant effect on the crime rates. Lastly, the result is discussed, inter alia based on theory and how interpretation of statistics may have influenced the study's outcome.
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Wachana, Paul Herman. "Modeling the Role of Operational Characteristics in Safety Performance of PublicTransportation Systems: The Case of TriMet Bus Collision and Non-collision Incidents." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/545.
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The incidence of bus crashes in the US have been trending upwards, with accident, injury and fatality rates increasing 171%, 37.8%, and 5.1% respectively, between 2003 and 2007. Reversing the upward trend is an important objective of both transit providers and the society in general. This study introduces an operator-based safety methodology that utilizes data recovered from transit Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technologies and related systems to identify and assess factors contributing to bus operations safety incidents at TriMet, the transit provider for the Portland, Oregon metropolitan region. The analysis specifically focuses on collision, non-collision and total incidents, as well as on preventability of incidents that occurred between 2006 and 2009. Regression analysis established that bus operator age, experience, short duration absenteeism from work, operator's work span and variability in daily work span/assignments are empirically correlated with bus safety incidents. In addition, schedule adherence pressures and bus lift operations are also related to safety incidents. The other factors that influence safety performance are operators' responsive action events and customer complaints about unsafe bus operation. These findings make some contributions to the understanding of the factors that are empirically related to the frequency of safety incidents as well as offer insights into operation practices and policies that hold promise for reducing bus safety incidents.
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Axelsson, Henrik. "Kriminalitetens geografi : vardagsbrottslighetens spatiala fördelning i Borlänge." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Kulturgeografi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-3352.
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The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze the geographical distribution of everyday criminality in the town of Borlänge during the year 2002 and to analyze which measures to be taken in the physical social planning to decrease this everyday criminality there. The term everyday criminality is here to be understood as those categories of crime that appear most frequently in the records of reports to the police every year. Here two kinds of crime have been in focus, thefts from cars and office burglary.In fulfilling this aim two main questions have been answered. The first one is how the everyday criminality was distributed geographically in the town of Borlänge during the year 2002. The second one is which measures to be taken in the physical social planning to decrease this everyday criminality in the town of Borlänge.In order to answer the first question a spatial autocorrelation analysis, Local Moran LISA has been used. This method is based on the measurement Moran´s I and shows the spatial autocorrelation for every single location. To answer the second question three different theories of crime prevention through environmental design have been studied and applied in the analysis. These are Jane Jacobs’ ideas about ”the living city”, Oscar Newman´s ideas about ”defensible space” and Ronald V. Clarke´s theories about crime prevention.The major conclusions that can be drawn from this thesis are that the risk of being exposed to thefts from cars, during the analyzed time period, was highest in Centrum and Hagalund and their surroundings. The lowest risk of being exposed to this type of crime was found in Domnarvet and Islingby, during the year 2002. The highest risk of being a victim of the crime office burglary was found in Hagalund and its surroundings and in the single area of Kvarnsveden. The corresponding lowest risk was found in Lergärdet and its surroundings and in Norra Backa and Kupolen. The measures that should be taken in order to decrease these types of criminality can be divided into overall changes and place-specific changes. When it comes to the crime thefts from cars a more attractive central business district, a better view of parking lots from nearby buildings, dividing of larger parking lot zones into smaller ones, migration of hidden parking lots and stronger access control to parking lots where problems with this kind of crime have occurred have been suggested as overall changes. The corresponding place-specific changes are to remove vegetation that is blocking the view, better lighting and to put up signs with information about increased risk of exposure to crime at parking lots with the most problems. To decrease the amount of office burglaries overall changes as to create a better view of the area from nearby surroundings, move bigger office compartments or divide them into smaller units, rebuild characteristic buildings and increase security by strengthening the access control to offices with these kinds of problems could be useful. Finally there are possibilities to decrease office burglary by using place-specific measures as surveillance cameras combined with signs containing information about these, high fences and better lighting around the buildings where a higher risk of being exposed to this kind of criminality is present.
Books on the topic "Local transit crime Prevention"
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Balog, John N. Transit security procedures guide. [Cambridge, Mass.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Research and Special Programs Administration, John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center,[, 1994.
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N, Schwarz Anne, Doyle Bernard C, United States. Federal Transit Administration. Office of Technical Assistance and Safety, John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (U.S.), and Bionetics Corporation Ketron Division, eds. Transit system security program planning guide. [Washington, D.C.]: Federal Transit Administration, 1995.
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Powell, Kathryn C. Transit security in the 90's: Conference summary. Washington, D.C: Federal Transit Administration, Office of Safety and Security, 1996.
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Powell, Kathryn C. Transit security in the 90's: Conference summary. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, Office of Safety and Security, 1996.
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Boyd, M. Annabelle. Critical incident management guidelines. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, 1998.
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Boyd, Annabelle. Critical incident management guidelines. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, 1998.
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Boyd, M. Annabelle. Perspectives on transit security in the 1990s: Strategies for success. Washington, D.C: Federal Transit Administration, Office of Safety and Security, 1996.
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Kooi, Brandon R. Policing public transportation: An environmental and procedural evaluation of bus stops. New York: LFB Scholarly Pub. LLC, 2007.
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Webb, Barry. Reducing crime on the London Underground: An evaluation of three pilot projects. London: Home Office, 1992.
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Vigne, Nancy G. La. Visibility and vigilance: Metro's situational approach to preventing subway crime. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Local transit crime Prevention"
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Yu, Sung-suk Violet, and Martha J. Smith. "Areas Where Vulnerable Public Transit Commuters Reside: A Method for Targeting Crime Prevention and Other Resources to Address Local Area Problems." In Safety and Security in Transit Environments, 213–33. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137457653_12.
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Amante, Ana, and Miguel Saraiva. "Local Safety Contracts: Profiling a Multidisciplinary and Multilevel Cooperation for Crime Prevention." In The Urban Book Series, 115–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15108-8_6.
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Goto, Masato, Akira Hattori, Takami Yasuda, and Shigeki Yokoi. "A Web-Based System for Gathering and Sharing Experience and Knowledge Information in Local Crime Prevention." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1079–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11893004_137.
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Ceccato, Vania, and Jonatan Abraham. "Implications for Practice." In SpringerBriefs in Criminology, 113–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98290-4_9.
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AbstractWe draw from previous chapters to propose recommendations on how to respond to issues of crime and safety in areas on the rural-urban continuum. We offer suggestions for professionals to better delineate crime prevention measures and/or safety interventions. These suggestions can also be suitable for students. Decades of research have shown that areas of the rural-urban continuum are special from a criminological perspective and deserve more attention. These suggestions are more ‘a guide for reflection’ than a normative list of ‘what to do’, therefore before interventions are put into place. The recommendations are based on the assumption that there is no silver bullet that can solve all types of crime and safety problems. In an increasingly globalized world, the existence of national guidelines to tackle problems of crime and safety can be helpful for actors at regional and local levels.
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"2. Mount Pleasant, Community Crime Prevention, and Participation in Local Collective Action." In Refocusing Crime Prevention. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442684768-004.
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"7. Crime Prevention through Community Development: An Integrated, Critically Oriented Approach to Local Organizing." In Refocusing Crime Prevention. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442684768-009.
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"National Representation for Local Authorities." In The Politics of Crime Prevention, edited by Brigitte C. M. Koch, 157–70. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429438547-7.
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"Spatial interplay: interaction of land uses in relation to crime incidents around transit stations." In Patterns, Prevention, and Geometry of Crime, 159–69. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203141946-16.
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"Local responses to elder abuse: building effective prevention strategies." In Ageing, Crime and Society, 156–70. Willan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843925729-15.
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Miller, Lisa L. "Crime, Punishment and the Politics of Local Community." In The Politics of Community Crime Prevention, 1–20. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315191638-1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Local transit crime Prevention"
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Lloyd, K., P. L. Rosin, A. D. Marshall, and S. C. Moore. "Violent behaviour detection using local trajectory response." In 7th International Conference on Imaging for Crime Detection and Prevention (ICDP 2016). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic.2016.0082.
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Wang, S., J. Orwell, G. Hunter, and S. Pedagadi. "Vehicle Logo Recognition Using Local Fisher Discriminant Analysis." In 5th International Conference on Imaging for Crime Detection and Prevention (ICDP 2013). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic.2013.0265.
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Senst, T., V. Eiselein, and T. Sikora. "A Local Feature based on Lagrangian Measures for Violent Video Classification." In 6th International Conference on Imaging for Crime Prevention and Detection (ICDP-15). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic.2015.0104.
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Chai, T. Y., B. M. Goi, Y. H. Tay, K. S. Teng, and I. Yeo. "Bi-Local Region Based Iris Segmentation Framework for Less-Constrained Visible Wavelength Images." In 7th International Conference on Imaging for Crime Detection and Prevention (ICDP 2016). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic.2016.0090.
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omer fatah, yahya. "Kurdish electronic press coverage of Halabja issues." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/52.
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"This study deals with how the Kurdish websites deal with issues related to the city of Halabja, as (media coverage) or (news treatment) occupies a wide area of media studies, and helps to understand the nature of media interaction by different media outlets with different events.. The tragedy of Halabja, which is the chemical attack by the Iraqi regime in the spring of 1988, received (relative) media coverage from various local and international media outlets, The media interest during the event in 1988 was modest and did not represent the scale of the tragedy that befell this city, and that was because the Arab and international countries were supporting the former Iraqi regime, as well as the absence of international satellite channels and websites at that time, but despite that, a group of journalists, as well as Iranian media and diplomatic agencies, were able to convey the echo of this crime to world public opinion. This study is an attempt to examine how is the media coverage by three Kurdish websites relating to various issues related to the city of Halabja, through three main investigations the study reached a set of results. The international media at that time did not respond to this crime in the required manner and did not cover the event in a way that reflects the extent of the crime. And that the Kurdish websites publish topics and news related to the (Halabja) issues through the journalistic form of the news in the first place, and that the political issue of the issues related to Halabja occupies the first place of the Kurdish websites’ concerns. In the first place, and the three websites published most of their topics related to Halabja accompanied by a picture."
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Burt, C., M. Kondo, C. Gong, G. Bushman, C. Wixom, E. South, P. Carter, et al. "0101 Community greening, fear of crime, and mental health outcomes in flint, Michigan." In Injury and Violence Prevention for a Changing World: From Local to Global: SAVIR 2021 Conference Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-savir.76.
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Saeed Ghafoor Ahmad, Kosar, and Amanj nasih qadir omer. "Prosecuting the perpetrators of the Camp Speicher crime according to Iraqi laws or the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/45.
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"This work includes talking about the crime of Camp Speicher, in which 1,700 students of the Iraqi army of the Sheea creed were killed by the gangs of the terrorist organization ISIS, with the aim of eliminating the members of this sect because of the misleading ideology carried by those gangs. On 6-12-2014, Iraqi soldiers at Camp Speicher (Speicher Air Base) in Tikrit were subjected to murder and enforced disappearance by terrorist organizations because of their affiliation to the Sheea creed. This crime was among a series of brutal crimes for the genocide of Sheeas in Iraq. This is similar to what happened in the Badoush prison crime in the province of Mosul, which the Iraqi Parliament considered it as a crime of genocide, in which these gangs executed about (400) members of the prison inmates of the Sheea component. After ISIS took control of the city of Tikrit in Iraq, and one day after they took control of the city of Mosul, they captured (2000-2200) soldiers and led them to the presidential palaces in Tikrit, and they shot them there and in other areas and buried some of them alive. This disaster had a negative impact on the families of the victims of the Speicher where they went out in demonstrations demanded that the leaders who handed over the victims of Speicher to ISIS must be prosecuted, and in one of the demonstrations they managed to enter Parliament and demanded that the leaders who handed over Speicher to ISIS be held accountable. After that, many demonstrations took place by the families of the victims, some of which led to the closure of a bridge in Baghdad a few times Protesting the government's delay in clarifying the fate of their children or taking quick measures. The Iraqi parliament and government recently considered the Speicher incident “genocide” in reference to the premeditated murder of Badoush Prison inmates in Nineveh Governorate and the unarmed Speicher military base, the premeditated murder of members of the Albu Nimr, Jabour, al-Lahib, and al-Ubaid tribes, and the killing and displacement of civilians from Kurds, Christians, Yazidis and Shabaks in Sahel Nineveh, Sinjar, deliberate killing and displacement of Turkmens in Tal Afar and Bashir. This decision paves the way for obtaining international recognition from it as a ""genocide"" as stipulated in the Contract of the United Nations in 1948, and Iraq signed it in the fifties of the last century. This study attempts to explain the Al-Ikhnasas Court in looking into the crimes of genocide committed by ISIS against the bereaved students of the Air Force Base (Speicher) due to what this issue raised from the national and international public opinion, especially after the involvement of the Iraqi army leaders in this massacre, according to what witnesses reported in that area and what was reported by soldiers who survived the incident, in addition to the involvement of some members of the Sunni tribes in these crimes with the terrorist organization ISIS. The importance of this study lies in the following aspects: - That ISIS elements were tried according to Anti-Terrorism Law No. 13 of 2005, and from our point of view that the aforementioned law is vague and broader than it should be, and it applies to serious and simple crimes from murder to crimes of sabotage, and the list of crimes punishable by the death penalty according to the aforementioned law is a long list and spacious. - The Iraqi government has embarked on an attempt to develop a legal framework to prosecute ISIS elements, and its mission focused on understanding the procedures and results drawn from those judicial efforts, and its mission also focused on showing the efforts taken by the Iraqi government to address violations in the field of the right to life, including those committed by affiliated forces government as well as other international and domestic actors. The International Criminal Court is specialized in considering specific crimes under Article (5) of its Statute, which are war crimes, aggression and crimes against humanity, which necessitates the adaptation of Speicher's crime within any of the mentioned types of crimes. The assumption of the International Criminal Court in relation to the Speicher crime, includes several positive matters and results at the same time a set of negatives, which must be presented to those positives and negatives in order to give preference between them and the choice of authorizing the court to consider the crime or not. The terrorist organization ISIS has committed serious systematic violations, including war crimes and others, and perhaps those that are not under its control, and that none of these crimes can be addressed within the anti-terrorism law, which cannot address human rights violations. The international community has recognized the heinous violations committed by ISIS against the citizens of Iraq by adopting Resolution (2370) in September of 2017, issued by the Security Council, which authorizes the Security Council to appoint an investigation team to support local efforts to hold ISIS elements accountable by collecting and preserving evidence in Iraq, which can rise to a high level, and it was committed by the elements of the organization. It considers that the decision constitutes a burden and an obligation on Iraq to investigate all allegations of violations committed by government forces for the purpose of holding them accountable, as well as requiring the establishment of special courts and trained judges in relation to ISIS crimes to deal with them. Terrorism is a global curse that has recently spread horizontally to all countries of the world and its effects have been concentrated vertically in some countries, and no one denies that the parties to this phenomenon are increasing (perpetrators and victims) and the United Nations in particular and the international community in general has not succeeded in reducing it despite the fact that the resolutions of the UN Security Council It is increasing, but the proportionality is absent between these decisions and the practical reality. The phenomenon of terrorism is spreading rapidly, and the perpetrators of terrorist acts are on the rise, corresponding to an increase in the victims of terrorism. Also, the circumstances and events that Iraq is going through, especially after 2003, put it at the forefront of countries which suffers from terrorism that has killed the people, using methods and forms that were not previously known and brutal and bloody cruel. ) for the year 2005, and since terrorism was not limited to Iraq, but included many countries, and was not specific to a place or time, nor was it recent in terms of composition. In addition, the aforementioned law cannot be aware of all violations of international and humanitarian law, as we mentioned previously, which requires the necessity of referring the criminals to a competent court. The Court conducts its rule under Article (13) of its Statute when referred to it by a state party to the same system or by the Security Council or when the Public Prosecutor conducts the investigation on his own, and then how does the Court take its measures regarding the aforementioned crime if we take a look Considering that the State of Iraq is not a member of the Statute of the Court. The rule of the court is free from the death penalty, which makes the idea of authorizing the court to consider the crime rejected by most Iraqis, especially the families of the victims. What are the negative aspects of the Iraqi national judiciary’s view of the Speicher crime, and how can it be avoided if the International Criminal Court plays this role? What are the guarantees provided by the court in the event that it proceeds with its procedures regarding this crime? The research on this subject is according to the appropriate method, which is the analytical and comparative method, which works on studying and comparing topics by analyzing ideas and jurisprudential rulings, and the positions of the governments of countries and the United Nations, as well as the resolutions of the Security Council and the General Assembly, and comparing arbitration between Iraqi courts. And the international courts regarding the trial of the perpetrators of the Speicher base crime, and then come up with a set of conclusions and recommendations."
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Kosmajer, Robert, Uroš Felbar, and Lidija Nemec. "Preventivno delovanje za varnost v lokalni skupnosti – projekt »Akademija detektiva Frančeka«." In Varnost v ruralnih in urbanih okoljih: konferenčni zbornik. Univerzitetna založba Univerze v Mariboru, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-404-0.2.
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Approaches to carrying out preventive and other community policing activities can be very different. They mostly depend on the police officer's ingenuity and self-initiative, no matter what role he holds in the police. One of the most common methods of working in communities is the implementation of prevention projects. To solve problems in the field of crime, traffic safety, illicit drugs, breaches of public order, we are working in cooperation with the local community with the help of the already resounding traditional prevention project »Academy of Detective Franček« (hereinafter ADF). The goal of cooperation with the community is the same – to achieve greater safety and security in the local environment. Today, safety presents an important value in life. Consequently, the police need to cooperate with the local community, and it is especially important to present the police's work to the younger population. It is necessary to develop a positive attitude toward the preventive action of the police among children.
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أبو الحسن اسماعيل, علاء. "Assessing the Political Ideology in the Excerpts Cited from the Speeches and Resolutions of the Former Regime After the Acts of Genocide." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/2.
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If killing a single person is considered as a major crime that forbidden by Sharia and law at the international level and at the level of all religions and divine legislation, so what about the concept of genocide!! Here, not just an individual with a weak influence on society is killed, but thousands of individuals, that means an entire nation, a future, energy and human and intellectual capabilities that can tip the scales, and on the other hand, broken and half-dead hearts are left behind from the horrific scenes of killing they witnessed before their eyes, moreover, the massacres of genocide continues to excrete its remnants and consequences for long years and for successive generations, and it may generate grudges of revenge among generations that did not receive the adequate awareness and psychological support which are necessary to rehabilitate these generations to benefit from the tragedies and bitter experiences of life to turn them into lessons and incentives to achieve progress and advancement. Genocide is a deadly poison whose toxic effect extends from generations to others unless it is wisely controlled. Here the role of the international community and its legal, legislative and humanitarian stance from these crimes is so important and supportive. Genocide can be occurred on two levels: external and internal. As for genocide on the external level: this is what happened at the hands of foreign powers against a certain people for colonial and expansionist goals in favor of the occupier or usurper. There are many examples throughout history, such as the Ottoman and British occupations...etc Whereas genocide at the internal level, can be defined as the repressive actions that governments practice against their own people for goals that could be extremist, racist or dictatorial, such as t ""Al-Anfal"" massacre in 1988 carried out by the previous regime against the Kurds in the Kurdistan region. The number of victims amounted at one hundred thousand martyrs, most of them were innocent and unarmed people from children, women and the elderly, and also the genocide which was practiced against of the organizers of Al-Shaibania Revolution in 1991 was another example of genocide in the internal level. It is possible to deduce a third level between the external and internal levels, which is the genocide that is done at the hands of internal elements from the people of the country, but in implementation of external agendas, for example, the scenes of organized and systematic sectarian killing that we witnessed daily during (2007) and (2008), followed by dozens of bloody explosions in various regions throughout the capital, which unfortunately was practiced by the people of the country who were misguided elements in order to destabilize the security of the country and we did not know until this moment in favor of which external party!! In the three aforementioned cases, nothing can justify the act of killing or genocide, but in my personal opinion, I see that genocide at the hands of foreign forces is less drastic effects than the genocides that done at the hands of internal forces that kill their own people to impose their control and to defense their survival, from the perspective of ""the survival for the strongest, the most criminal and the most dictatorial. The matter which actually dragged the country into the abyss and the ages of darkness and ignorance. As for the foreign occupier, he remains an occupier, and it is so natural for him to be resentful and spiteful and to keep moving with the bragging theory of that (the end justifies the means) and usurping lands illegally, but perhaps recently the occupier has begun to exploit loopholes in international laws and try to gain the support of the international community and international organizations to prove the legitimacy of what has no legitimacy, in the end to achieve goals which pour into the interest of the occupiers' country and from the principle of building the happiness and well-being of the occupiers' people at the expense of the misery and injustice of other peoples!! This remains absolutely dehumanizing societal crime, but at least it has a positive side, which is maximizing economic resources and thus achieving the welfare of a people at the expense of seizing the wealth of the occupied country. This remains the goal of the occupier since the beginning of creation to this day, but today the occupation associated with the horrific and systematic killing has begun to take a new template by framing the ugliness of the crime with humanitarian goals and the worst, to exploit religion to cover their criminal acts. A good example of this is the genocide that took place at the hands of the terrorist organization ISIS, that contradictory organization who adopted the religion which forbids killing and considers it as one of the greatest sins as a means to practice the most heinous types of killing that contemporary history has witnessed!! The ""Spiker"" and ""Sinjar"" massacres in 2014 are the best evidence of this duality in the ideology of this terrorist organization. We may note that the more we advance in time, the more justification for the crimes of murder and genocide increases. For example, we all know the first crimes of genocide represented by the fall of Baghdad at the hands of the Mongol leader ""Hulagu"" in 1258. At that time, the crimes of genocide did not need justification, as they were practiced openly and insolently for subversive, barbaric and criminal goals!! The question here imposes itself: why were the crimes of genocide in the past practiced openly and publicly without need to justify the ugliness of the act? And over time, the crimes of genocide began to be framed by pretexts to legitimize what is prohibited, and to permit what is forbidden!! Or to clothe brutality and barbarism in the patchwork quilt of humanity?? And with this question, crossed my mind the following ""Aya"" from the Glorious Quran (and do not kill the soul that God has forbidden except in the right) , this an explicit ""Aya"" that prohibits killing and permits it only in the right, through the use of the exception tool (except) that permits what coming after it . But the"" right"" that God describes in the glorious Quran has been translated by the human tongues into many forms and faces of falsehood!! Anyway, expect the answer of this controversial question within the results of this study. This study will discuss the axis of (ideologies of various types and genocide), as we will analyze excerpts from the speeches of the former regime that were announced on the local media after each act of genocide or purification, as the former regime described at that time, but the difference in this study is that the analysis will be according to a scientific and thoughtful approach which is far from the personal ideology of the researcher. The analysis will be based on a model proposed by the contemporary Dutch scientist ""Teun A. Van Dijk"". Born in 1943, ""Van Dijk"" is a distinguished scholar and teaching in major international universities. He has authored many approved books as curricula for teaching in the field of linguistics and political discourse analysis. In this study, Van Dijk's Model will be adopted to analyze political discourse ideologies according to forty-one criteria. The analysis process will be conducted in full transparency and credibility in accordance with these criteria without imposing the researcher's personal views. This study aims to shed light on the way of thinking that the dictatorial regimes adopt to impose their existence by force against the will of the people, which can be used to develop peoples' awareness to understand and analyze political statements in a scientific way away from the inherited ideologies imposed by customs, clan traditions, religion, doctrine and nationalism. With accurate scientific diagnosis, we put our hand on the wounds. So we can cure them and also remove the scars of these wounds. This is what we seek in this study, diagnosis and therefore suggesting the suitable treatment "
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Lee Bower, Linda. "AI Decision Making for Allocating Government Grant Funds." In Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET-AI 2022) Artificial Intelligence and Future Applications. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100869.
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This paper discusses the use of Artificial Intelligence in government decision making with a case study on the use of Artificial Intelligence to distribute government grant funds. Artificial Intelligence enables autonomous systems and decision support aids. A formal process is very important when designing a system to make decisions autonomously with Artificial Intelligence. The Office of Justice Programs, an agency of the U.S. Department of Justice, focuses on crime prevention; it provides research and development assistance to state, local, and tribal criminal justice agencies. OJP’s public safety grants involve about $2 billion distributed to some 2,000 grantees. In the past, the agency had no standard approach for determining who received grants. Then, about 2011, OJP began introducing objective measures into the grant review process and automated the process. With AI, the new system resulted in increased accuracy and consistency of decisions, as well as a more efficient review process.
Reports on the topic "Local transit crime Prevention"
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Chauvin, Juan Pablo. Cities and Public Health in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003692.
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This paper presents an overview of how health outcomes vary across cities in Latin America and discusses some of the known drivers of this variation. There are large disparities in outcomes across cities and across neighborhoods of the same city. Because health is closely related to the socioeconomic conditions of individuals, part of the spatial variation reflects residential segregation by income. Local characteristics also have a direct effect on health outcomes, shaping individuals' access to health services and the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles. In addition, urban environments affect health through natural atmospheric conditions, through local infrastructure in particular water, sanitation, and urban transit and through the presence of urban externalities such as traffic congestion, pollution, crime, and the spread of transmissible diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic illustrates many of these patterns, since the impact of the disease has differed sharply across cities, and much of this variation can be explained by observable local characteristics particularly population, connectivity with other cities and countries, income levels, and residential overcrowding.
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Yagci Sokat, Kezban. Understanding the Role of Transportation in Human Trafficking in California. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2108.
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Human trafficking, a form of modern slavery, is the recruitment, transport, and/or transfer of persons using force, fraud, or coercion to exploit them for acts of labor or sex. According to the International Labor Organization, human trafficking is the fastest growing organized crime with approximately $150 billion in annual profits and 40.3 million individuals trapped in slave-like conditions. While it is not compulsory to involve transportation for human trafficking, the transportation industry plays a critical role in combating human trafficking as traffickers often rely on the transportation system to recruit, move, or transfer victims. This multi-method study investigates the role of transportation in combatting human trafficking in California by conducting a survey followed up with semi-structured in-depth interviews with key stakeholders. The expert input is supplemented with labor violations and transit accessibility analysis. Experts emphasize the importance of education, training, and awareness efforts combined with partnership, data, and analysis. Screening transportation industry personnel for human trafficking is another step that the industry can take to combat this issue. Particularly, sharing perpetrator information and transportation related trends among transportation modalities and local groups could help all anti-trafficking practitioners. In addition, the transportation industry can support the victims and survivors in their exit attempts and post/exit life. Examples of this support include serving as a safe haven, and providing transportation to essential services. Transportation should ensure that all of these efforts are survivor-centric, inclusive for all types of trafficking, and tailored to the needs of the modality, population, and location.