Relevant bibliographies by topics / Local Stimulation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Local Stimulation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Local Stimulation"

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Zhong, Z., G. Huang, T. Y. P. Chui, B. L. Petrig, and S. A. Burns. "Local flicker stimulation evokes local retinal blood velocity changes." Journal of Vision 12, no. 6 (June 1, 2012): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/12.6.3.

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Cleary, Daniel R., Ahmed M. Raslan, Jonathan E. Rubin, Diaa Bahgat, Ashwin Viswanathan, Mary M. Heinricher, and Kim J. Burchiel. "Deep brain stimulation entrains local neuronal firing in human globus pallidus internus." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 4 (February 15, 2013): 978–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00420.2012.

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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) relieves the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, yet the mechanism of action remains uncertain. To address the question of how therapeutic stimulation changes neuronal firing in the human brain, we studied the effects of GPi stimulation on local neurons in unanesthetized patients. Eleven patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease consented to participate in neuronal recordings during stimulator implantation surgery. A recording microelectrode and a DBS macroelectrode were advanced through the GPi in parallel until a single neuron was isolated. After a baseline period, stimulation was initiated with varying voltages and different stimulation sites. The intra-operative stimulation parameters (1–8 V, 88–180 Hz, 0.1-ms pulses) were comparable with the postoperative DBS settings. Stimulation in the GPi did not silence local neuronal activity uniformly, but instead loosely entrained firing and decreased net activity in a voltage-dependent fashion. Most neurons had decreased activity during stimulation, although some increased or did not change firing rate. Thirty-three of 45 neurons displayed complex patterns of entrainment during stimulation, and burst-firing was decreased consistently after stimulation. Recorded spike trains from patients were used as input into a model of a thalamocortical relay neuron. Only spike trains that occurred during therapeutically relevant voltages significantly reduced transmission error, an effect attributable to changes in firing patterns. These data indicate that DBS in the human GPi does not silence neuronal activity, but instead disrupts the pathological firing patterns through loose entrainment of neuronal activity.
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UENO, Hidetaka, Shoji KOMAI, Kyohei TERAO, Hidekuni TAKAO, Fusao SHIMOKAWA, Hidetoshi KOTERA, and Takaaki SUZUKI. "MoP-25 DEVELOPMENT OF A LOCAL LIGHT STIMULATION DEVICE INTEGRATED WITH MICRO ELECTRODE ARRAY." Proceedings of JSME-IIP/ASME-ISPS Joint Conference on Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment : IIP/ISPS joint MIPE 2015 (2015): _MoP—25–1_—_MoP—25–3_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemipe.2015._mop-25-1_.

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Mukhanov, M. L., A. N. Blazhenko, S. B. Bogdanov, A. S. Sotnichenko, T. V. Rusinova, A. A. Verevkin, R. R. Aliev, A. M. Zaremuk, and V. A. Porhanov. "Comparative analysis of local stimulation methods of reparative osteogenesis." Innovative Medicine of Kuban, no. 4 (December 10, 2021): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35401/2500-0268-2021-24-4-41-49.

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Objective To determine the ratio of the main growth factors when using various methods of local stimulation of reparative osteogenesis.Material and methods The study consisted of two parts: in the first part a comparative analysis of the content of growth factors by ELISA was carried out (PDGF – platelet derived growth factor, TGF – transforming growth factor, VEGF – vascular endothelial growth factor, IGF – insulin-like growth factor, BMP6 and BMP7 – morphogenetic proteins 6 and 7), capable of stimulating reparative osteogenesis in blood plasma, plateletrich plasma, red bone marrow and bone autoregenerate. The second part presented the results of approbation of the autoregenerate obtained according to the original method in the framework of an acute experiment on animals.Results The most important cytokines affecting the process of reparative osteogenesis are fibroblast growth factor – FGF1 and bone morphogenetic protein 7 – BMP7. Based on the results of a comparative enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, it has been established that the autoregenerate, obtained by the original method, and a bone marrow aspirate concentrate have the highest osteogenic potential.Conclusion Autoregenerate is an effective and promising means of local stimulation of reparative osteogenesis, and its transplantation is a simple and highly effective procedure.
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Sudha Kumari, Lekshmy, and Abbas Z. Kouzani. "A Miniaturized Closed-Loop Optogenetic Brain Stimulation Device." Electronics 11, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11101591.

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This paper presents a tetherless and miniaturized closed-loop optogenetic brain stimulation device, designed as a back mountable device for laboratory mice. The device has the ability to sense the biomarkers corresponding to major depressive disorder (MDD) from local field potential (LFP), and produces a feedback signal to control the closed-loop operation after on-device processing of the sensed signals. MDD is a chronic neurological disorder and there are still many unanswered questions about the underlying neurological mechanisms behind its occurrence. Along with other brain stimulation paradigms, optogenetics has recently proved effective in the study of MDD. Most of these experiments have used tethered and connected devices. However, the use of tethered devices in optogenetic brain stimulation experiments has the drawback of hindering the free movement of the laboratory animal subjects undergoing stimulation. To address this issue, the proposed device is small, light-weight, untethered, and back-mountable. The device consists of: (i) an optrode which houses an electrode for collecting neural signals, an optical source for delivering light stimulations, and a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature increase at the stimulation site, (ii) a neural sensor for acquisition and pre-processing of the neural signals to obtain LFP signals in the frequency range of 4 to 200 Hz, as electrophysiological biomarkers of MDD (iii) a classifier for classification of the signal into four classes: normal, abnormal alpha, abnormal theta, and abnormal gamma oscillations, (iv) a control algorithm to select stimulation parameters based on the input class, and (v) a stimulator for generating light stimulations. The design, implementation, and evaluation of the device are presented, and the results are discussed. The neural sensor and the stimulator are circular in shape with a radius of 8 mm. Pre-recorded neural signals from the mouse hippocampus are used for the evaluation of the device.
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Hirai, Akimu, Masaya Nakayama, and Takefumi Ogawa. "Local Peak Method: An Electrotactile Stimulation Method Focusing on Surface Structures for Texture Rendering." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 33, no. 5 (October 20, 2021): 1043–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2021.p1043.

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Presenting objects’ texture sensations by electrical stimulation has been drawing greater attention as a means to improve the augmented reality experiences. To reproduce the texture sensations of real objects in detail, tactile perceptions of their complex surface shapes must be translated as electrical stimulation. Many conventional studies on presenting vibrational sensations by electrical stimulations have used single pulse waveforms, limiting the vibrational sensations that can be presented by electrical stimulations. In this paper, therefore, we propose the local peak method, in which pulse waveforms are configured on the objects’ surface structures. We have experimentally proved that the proposed local peak method can present sensations that are more akin to touching physical objects than pulse waveforms of single intervals in the case of presented objects having complex surface structures.
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Wang, Lijuan, Yudong Wang, Guohua Tian, and Yuhui Di. "Human transient response under local thermal stimulation." Thermal Science 21, suppl. 1 (2017): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci17s1019w.

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Human body can operate physiological thermoregulation system when it is exposed to cold or hot environment. Whether it can do the same work when a local part of body is stimulated by different temperatures? The objective of this paper is to prove it. Twelve subjects are recruited to participate in this experiment. After stabilizing in a comfort environment, their palms are stimulated by a pouch of 39, 36, 33, 30, and 27?C. Subject?s skin temperature, heart rate, heat flux of skin, and thermal sensation are recorded. The results indicate that when local part is suffering from harsh temperature, the whole body is doing physiological thermoregulation. Besides, when the local part is stimulated by high temperature and its thermal sensation is warm, the thermal sensation of whole body can be neutral. What is more, human body is more sensitive to cool stimulation than to warm one. The conclusions are significant to reveal and make full use of physiological thermoregulation.
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Székely, Csaba. "Complementer Currency and Stimulation of Local Economy." Gazdaság és Társadalom 2, no. 1 (2010): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21637/gt.2010.1.05.

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Karbovskii, I. N., and D. B. Shapot. "Price suppression stimulation in a local market." Automation and Remote Control 71, no. 8 (August 2010): 1608–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0005117910080102.

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Jiang, Jeng-Kae, Jen-Hwey Chiu, and Jen-Kou Lin. "Local thermal stimulation relaxes hypertonic anal sphincter." Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 42, no. 9 (September 1999): 1152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02238567.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Local Stimulation"

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Trauchessec, Vincent. "Local magnetic detection and stimulation of neuronal activity." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS301/document.

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L’activité cérébrale se traduit par des courants ioniques circulant dans le réseau neuronal.La compréhension des mécanismes cérébraux implique de sonder ces courants, via des mesures électriques ou magnétiques, couvrant différentes échelles spatiales. A l’échelle cellulaire, les techniques d’électrophysiologie sont maitrisées depuis plusieurs décennies, mais il n’existe pas actuellement d’outils de mesure locale des champs magnétiques engendrés par les courants ioniques au sein du réseau neuronal. La magnéto-encéphalographie(MEG) utilise des SQUIDs(Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices)fonctionnant à très basse température, placés en surface du crâne, qui fournissent une cartographie des champs magnétiques mais dont la résolution spatiale est limitée du fait de la distance séparant les capteurs des cellules actives. Le travail présenté dans cette thèse propose de développer des capteurs magnétiques à la fois suffisamment sensibles pour être capable de détecter le champ magnétique extrêmement faible générés par les courants neuronaux (de l’ordre de 10⁻⁹ T), et dont la géométrie est adaptable aux dimensions des cellules, tout en fonctionnant à température ambiante. Ces capteurs,basés sur l’effet quantique de magnétorésistance géante (GMR, sont suffisamment miniaturisables pour être déposés à l’extrémité de sondes d’une finesse de l’ordre de 100 μm. L’utilisation de capteurs GMR pour la mesure de signaux biomagnétiques fut d’abord testée lors d’expériences in-vitro, réalisées sur le muscle soléaire de souris. Ce système biologique a été choisi pour sa simplicité,rendant la modélisation accessible, ainsi que pour sa robustesse, permettant d’avoir des résultats fiables et reproductibles. Le parfait accord entre les prédictions théoriques et les signaux magnétiques mesurés valide cette technologie. Enfin, des expériences in vivo dans le cortex visuel du chat ont permis de réaliser la toute première mesure de la signature magnétique de potentiels d’action générés par des neurones corticaux, ouvrant la voie à la magnétophysiologie
Information transmission in the brain occurs through ionic currents flowing inside the neuronal network. Understanding how the brain operates requires probing this electrical activity by measuring the associated electric or magnetic field. At the cellular scale, electrophysiology techniques are well mastered, but there is no tool to perform magnetophysiology. Mapping brain activity through the magnetic field generated by neuronal communication is done via magnetoencephalography (MEG). This technique is based on SQUIDs (Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices) that operate at liquid Helium temperature. This parameter implies to avoid any contact with living tissue and a shielding system that increases the distance between the neurons and the sensors, limiting spatial resolution. This thesis work aims at providing a new tool to performmagnetic recordings at the neuronal scale. The sensors developed during this thesis are based on the Giant Magneto-Resistance (GMR) effect. Operating at room temperature, they can be miniaturize and shaped according to the experiment, while exhibiting a sensitivity that allows to measure amplitude of 10⁻⁹ T. Before targeting neurons, the use of GMR-based sensors for magnetic recordings of biological activity has been validated through invitro experiments on the mouse soleus muscle. This biological system has been chosen because of its simple organization, allowing for a realistic modelling, and for its robustness, in order to get reliable and replicable results. The perfect agreement between the measurements and the theoretical predictions represents a consistent validation of the GMR technology for biological applications. Then a specially adapted needle-shaped probe carrying micron-sized GMR sensors has been developed for in-vivo experiment in cat visual cortex. The very first magnetic signature of action potentials inside the neuropil has been measured, paving the way towards magnetophysiology
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Mallik, Adeil. "Design and fabrication of a transparent microfluidic probe for local stimulation of neurons." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119686.

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The answers to many key neurological questions require the capability of localized chemical/drug delivery within cell/brain slice tissue culture with concomitant high-resolution optical imaging. The microfluidic probe (MFP) offers the capability of localized chemical/drug delivery. However, in its current design and implementation, the MFP is incompatible with upright microscope systems and thus incompatible with high-resolution water immersion microscope objectives lenses, which are needed to image small morphological features such as dendrites and synapses. The main objective of my research was to design and fabricate a new MFP that is compatible with the upright microscope system to further explore neuronal applications, which require local stimulation of neurons. The new upright microscope MFP was designed and two fabrication processes using a UV curable photopolymer (Norland Optical Adhesive or Off-stoichiometry thiolene) were developed to fabricate it. Two configurations of the MFP were produced, one with a bent tip, and the other with a straight mesa, with the rapid prototyping fabrication process. Preliminary characterization and proof of concept of local stimulation was done on the straight mesa MFP. In summary a new tool for local neuron stimulation was developed that offers wide range applications in neuroscience. In the thesis I explore its future use in determining the mechanisms of post-traumatic epilepsy.
Les réponses à de nombreuses questions neurologiques clés requièrent la capacité de livraison localisée de produits chimiques/médicaments dans la culture de tranches de tissus cellulaires / cerveau avec l'imagerie optique à haute résolution concomitante. La sonde microfluidique (MFP) offre la capacité de distribution localisée de produits chimiques / médicaments. Cependant, dans sa conception et sa mise en œuvre actuelle, la MFP est incompatible avec les systèmes de microscope droit et donc incompatible avec la microscopie à haute résolution ou les objectifs sont immergés dans de l'eau, qui est nécessaire pour l'acquisition d'images de petites caractéristiques morphologiques telles que des dendrites et des synapses. L'objectif principal de ma recherche était de concevoir et fabriquer une nouvelle MFP qui est compatible avec le système de microscopie droit pour l'employer dans des applications neuronales, qui nécessitent une stimulation locale des neurones. La nouvelle MFP pour microscope droit a été conçu et deux procédés de fabrication utilisant un photopolymère curable sous UV (Norland adhésif optique ou thiolène Off-stoechiométrie) ont été développés pour la fabriquer. Deux configurations de la MFP ont été produites, l'une avec une pointe coudée, et l'autre avec une mesa droite, à travers un procédé de fabrication de prototypage rapide. Une caractérisation préliminaire et des expériences de preuve de concept ou la stimulation locale a été effectuée avec la MFP à mesa droite. En résumé, un nouvel outil pour la stimulation locale de neurones a été développé qui offre de larges applications en neurosciences. Dans la thèse j'explore son utilisation future dans la détermination des mécanismes d'épilepsie post-traumatique.
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Souron, Robin. "Adaptations fonctionnelles et nerveuses à l'entraînement par vibration locale : du sujet sain à la rééducation." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES055/document.

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La recherche de méthodes permettant de lutter contre le déconditionnement neuromusculaire à la suite par exemple d’une opération chirurgicale ou d’une immobilisation prolongée intéresse la communauté scientifique depuis de nombreuses années. Ce projet visait à proposer la technique de vibration locale (LV) comme une méthode alternative aux méthodes classiquement utilisées (e.g. vibration corps entier, stimulation électrique neuromusculaire) pour lutter contre ce déconditionnement neuromusculaire. Le premier objectif de ce travail de thèse était de déterminer les effets d’une application aigüe de LV sur la fonction neuromusculaire des muscles fléchisseurs dorsaux et extenseurs du genou de sujets sains. Nos résultats montrent une modulation de l’excitabilité du système nerveux central en réponse à l’application aigüe de LV, ce qui nous a permis d’envisager de potentielles adaptations si cette technique était utilisée de façon répétée sur plusieurs semaines. Ainsi, la seconde orientation de ce travail était d’évaluer les effets d’une application chronique (entraînement) de LV sur les propriétés fonctionnelles (force, hauteur de saut) et nerveuses (mesurées par stimulation magnétique transcrânienne) de sujets sains, jeunes et âgés. Nos résultats ont montré qu’un entraînement par LV était efficace pour améliorer les capacités fonctionnelles de ces deux populations, ces gains s’accompagnant d’adaptations nerveuses. Ces travaux nous ont alors conduits à la mise en place d’une dernière étude (en cours) à visée clinique, qui évaluait l’efficacité de LV en rééducation post-ligamentoplastie du ligament croisé antérieur du genou
There is a need to find new methods to limit neuromuscular deconditioning that occurs after a surgery or prolonged immobilization. This thesis aimed to assess local vibration (LV) training as an alternative to methods classically used (e.g. whole body vibration, neuromuscular electrical stimulation) to fight against neuromuscular deconditioning. The first aim of this project was to determine the effects of a 30-min acute exposure to LV on the neuromuscular function of dorsiflexor and knee extensor muscles in a healthy population. Our results showed that acute LV intervention changed central nervous system excitability, allowing us to consider long-term adaptations to prolonged LV. Thus, the second aim of this thesis was to assess the effects of a chronic application (training) of LV on functional (maximal strength, squat jump performance) and neural (assessed with transcranial magnetic stimulation) properties of healthy young and old subjects. Our results showed that 4 to 8 weeks of LV increase functional capacities that were due to neural adaptations. Based on these results, an on-going study assessing the effectiveness of LV during a rehabilitation program for subjects who suffered from anterior cruciate ligament lesion has been proposed
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Robertazzi, Federica. "Real-time rejection of movement-related artifacts in subthalamic nucleus local field potential recordings during adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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La stimolazione cerebrale profonda (DBS) è una tecnica utilizzata in clinica per trattare alcune patologie come la malattia di Parkinson (PD) tramite un rilascio locale di corrente alternata ad alta frequenza (> 100 Hz), grazie all’utilizzo di elettrodi impiantati nei gangli della base durante una procedura di chirurgia stereotassica. Negli ultimi anni indagini neurofisiologiche svolte con la DBS hanno inoltre consentito la scoperta di potenziali marcatori neurali caratteristici del PD e il loro utilizzo per una stimolazione definita adattativa (aDBS) in cui l’ampiezza dello stimolo in tensione viene controllato dallo stato attuale del paziente. Una versione di aDBS è stata sviluppata da Newronika s.r.l. che è riuscita a implementare un algoritmo closed-loop basato sulla potenza delle oscillazioni beta come variabile di controllo del voltaggio della DBS. Numerosi studi con la aDBS sono stati effettuati prima su pazienti con PD a riposo e poi durante alcuni task di vita quotidiana come il cammino. Durante questi test è emerso che la aDBS non riusciva a performare bene durante l’attività di cammino per la presenza di artefatti a bassa frequenza (1-8 Hz) sul segnale LFP causati principalmente dal contatto del tallone sul terreno all’inizio della fase di stance del passo. Lo scopo di questa tesi è stato quello di proporre un algoritmo innovativo basato sulla Empirical Mode Decomposition per la rimozione di tale artefatto senza inficiare la performance della aDBS. L’algoritmo basato sulla EMD è stato capace di eliminare il rumore in maniera efficace, rimuovendo potenza spettrale non utile nella banda dell’artefatto e mantenendo intatto il contenuto in beta (fondamentale per la riuscita della aDBS). Inoltre, in questo lavoro è stata proposta un’implementazione real-time dell’algoritmo di pulizia del segnale nello stesso microcontrollore (MSP430FR5969) usato nel dispositivo AlphaDBS V-Imp di Newronika con la prospettiva di poter esser integrato in quest’ultimo in futuro.
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Holland, Peter James. "Frequency-domain and nonlinear analysis of local field potentials and clinical efficacy of deep brain stimulation for complex tremors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558309.

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Recent years have seen increasing interest in the application of ideas and techniques from the field of dynamical systems theory to neurological signals. However, the applicability of these potentially powerful methods to basal ganglia local field potentials is yet to be established. This thesis attempts to prove the merit of employment ofthese methods in the analysis of signals which represent one of the few chances to record subcortical electropbysiological activity in the awake human. Tbe nonlinear analysis technique of Recurrence Quantification Analysis was employed due to its robustness to noise and nonstationarity. The presence of non linear dynamics in local field potentials recorded from the subtbalamic nucleus, globus pallidus and motor thalamus of movement disorders patients is established for the first time using surrogate data testing, validating the suitability of this technique. Indicating its potential capability, Recurrence Quantification Analysis proves effective in discriminating local field potentials recorded from the globus pallidus and the subthalamic nucleus where spectral measures do not. Alterations in linear and nonlinear aspects of subthalamic nucleus local field potentials due to the effects of dopaminergic medication are also demonstrated. Evidence for differences in the pattern of coherence between simultaneously recorded globus pallidus and thalamic local field potentials between dystonic and tremulous patients is provided and related to bivariate nonlinear statistics. The clinical efficacy of Deep Brain Stimulation is investigated in a group of patients suffering from complex tremor resulting from acquired brain injury, with significant postoperative improvement demonstrated. However, the inability of Deep Brain Stimulation to treat ataxia, which is also a common problem in the treatment of tremor associated with multiple sclerosis, is noted in this group. In order to improve multiple sclerosis patient selection a method is developed based on the power spectrum of the electromyogram and shown to correlate significantly with clinical outcome.
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Ebrahimian, Haleh [Verfasser]. "Local stimulation of cell signals in single cells / Haleh Ebrahimian. Fakultät für Physik - AG Dünne Schichten & Physik der Nanostrukturen." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, Hochschulschriften, 2012. http://d-nb.info/102842731X/34.

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Ahmad, Bahuri Nor Faizal. "The effects of volitional breathing and carbon dioxide inhalation on human local field potentials." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a5431969-0a68-4450-9a12-f5a3288d3730.

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Breathing is an automatic process that we hardly pay any attention to in our daily life. As a social species, we interact using body movement, speech and emotion and these actions require modification of the respiratory pattern. While we understood how the respiratory rhythm is generated, we do not have clear evidence on how higher cortical signals modulate the respiratory pattern. The deep cortical structures in the human brain are inaccessible under normal circumstances, and deep brain stimulation electrode recordings offer an opportunity to understand the neurophysiological interactions ofdeeper brain structures. In this thesis, I investigated deep brain stimulation recordings from implanted electrodes in chronic neuropathic pain subjects in the right and left anterior cingulate cortices, the ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus and periventricular gray region. The objectives of this research were to elucidate the feed-forward mechanisms of volitional breathing, cortical autonomic regulation, and to investigate whether any of the investigated nuclei haveany carbon dioxide-sensitive neurons which may encode respiratory sensation. The results show lateralisation of the cortical autonomic control whereby the left anterior cingulate exhibits increases in beta band activity (30 to 90 Hz) with cognition and vocalisation tasks. Meanwhile, right anterior cingulate activity increases with hyperoxia. Respiration using various carbon dioxide concentrations shows a constant rise in the alpha band (8 to 14 Hz) activity in the PVG which suggests a sensitive, nonspecific neuronal activity related to systemic carbon dioxide levels.
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Ocazionez, Sergio Andr?s Conde. "The influence of visual inter-hemispheric connections on spiking, assembly and LFP activities, and their phase relationship during figure-ground stimulation." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17032.

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Desde os descobrimentos pioneiros de Hubel e Wiesel acumulou-se uma vasta literatura descrevendo as respostas neuronais do c?rtex visual prim?rio (V1) a diferentes est?mulos visuais. Estes est?mulos consistem principalmente em barras em movimento, pontos ou grades, que s?o ?teis para explorar as respostas dentro do campo receptivo cl?ssico (CRF do ingl?s classical receptive field) a caracter?sticas b?sicas dos est?mulos visuais como a orienta??o, dire??o de movimento, contraste, entre outras. Entretanto, nas ?ltimas duas d?cadas, tornou-se cada vez mais evidente que a atividade de neur?nios em V1 pode ser modulada por est?mulos fora do CRF. Desta forma, ?reas visuais prim?rias poderiam estar envolvidas em fun??es visuais mais complexas como, por exemplo, a separa??o de um objeto ou figura do seu fundo (segrega??o figura-fundo) e assume-se que as conex?es intr?nsecas de longo alcance em V1, assim como as conex?es de ?reas visuais superiores, est?o ativamente envolvidas neste processo. Sua poss?vel fun??o foi inferida a partir da an?lise das varia??es das respostas induzidas por um est?mulo localizado fora do CRF de neur?nios individuais. Mesmo sendo muito prov?vel que estas conex?es tenham tamb?m um impacto tanto na atividade conjunta de neur?nios envolvidos no processamento da figura quanto no potencial de campo, estas quest?es permanecem pouco estudadas. Visando examinar a modula??o do contexto visual nessas atividades, coletamos potenciais de a??o e potenciais de campo em paralelo de at? 48 eletrodos implantados na ?rea visual prim?ria de gatos anestesiados. Estimulamos com grades compostas e cenas naturais, focando-nos na atividade de neur?nios cujo CRF estava situado na figura. Da mesma forma, visando examinar a influ?ncia das conex?es laterais, o sinal proveniente da ?rea visual isot?pica e contralateral foi removido atrav?s da desativa??o revers?vel por resfriamento. Fizemos isso devido a: i) as conex?es laterais intr?nsecas n?o podem ser facilmente manipuladas sem afetar diretamente os sinais que est?o sendo medidos, ii) as conex?es inter-hemisf?ricas compartilham as principais caracter?sticas anat?micas com a rede lateral intr?nseca e podem ser vistas como uma continua??o funcional das mesmas entre os dois hemisf?rios e iii) o resfriamento desativa as conex?es de forma causal e revers?vel, silenciando temporariamente seu sinal, permitindo conclus?es diretas a respeito da sua contribui??o. Nossos resultados demonstram que o mecanismo de segmenta??o figurafundo se reflete nas taxas de disparo de neur?nios individuais, assim como na pot?ncia do potencial de campo e na rela??o entre sua fase e os padr?es de disparo produzidos pela popula??o. Al?m disso, as conex?es laterais inter-hemisf?ricas modulam estas vari?veis dependendo da estimula??o feita fora do CRF. Observamos tamb?m uma influ?ncia deste circuito lateral na coer?ncia entre potenciais de campo entre eletrodos distantes. Em conclus?o, nossos resultados d?o suporte ? ideia de um mecanismo complexo de segmenta??o figura-fundo atuando desde as ?reas visuais prim?rias em diferentes escalas de frequ?ncia. Esse mecanismo parece envolver grupos de neur?nios ativos sincronicamente e dependentes da fase do potencial de campo. Nossos resultados tamb?m s?o compat?veis com a hip?tese que conex?es laterais de longo alcance tamb?m fazem parte deste mecanismo
Since Hubel and Wiesel s pioneer finding a vast body of literature has accumulated describing neuronal responses in the primary visual cortex (V1) to different visual stimuli. These stimuli mainly consisted of moving bars, dots or gratings which served to explore the responses to basic visual features such as orientation, direction of motion or contrast, among others, within a classical receptive field (CRF). However, in the last two decades it became increasingly evident that the activity of V1 neurons can be modulated by stimulation outside their CRF. Thus, early visual areas might be already involved in more complex visual tasks like, for example, the segmentation of an object or a figure from its (back)-ground. It is assumed that intrinsic long-range horizontal connections within V1 as well as feedback connections from higher visual areas are actively involved in the figure-ground segmentation process. Their possible role has been inferred from the analysis of the spike rate variations induced by stimuli placed outside the CRF of single neurons. Although it is very likely that those connections also have an impact on the joined activity of neurons involved in processing the figure and on their local field potentials (LFP), these issues remain understudied. In order to examine the context-dependent modulation of those activities, we recorded spikes and LFPs in parallel from up to 48 electrodes in the primary visual cortex of anesthetized cats. We stimulated with composite grating and natural scene stimuli focusing on populations of neurons whose CRFs were situated on the foreground figure. In addition, in order to examine the influence of horizontal connections we removed the inter-hemispheric input of the isotopic contralateral visual areas by means of reversible cooling deactivation. We did so because i) the intrinsic horizontal connections cannot be easily manipulated without directly affecting the measured signals, ii) because inter-hemispheric connections share the major anatomical features with the intrinsic lateral network and can be seen as a functional continuation of the latter across the two hemispheres and iii) because cooling causally and reversibly deactivates input connections by temporarily silencing the sending neurons and thus enables direct conclusions on their contribution. Our results demonstrate that the figure-ground segmentation mechanism is reflected in the spike rate of single neurons, as well as in their LFP power and its phase-relationship to the spike patterns produced by the population. In addition "lateral" inter-hemispheric connections modulate spike rates and LFP power depending on the stimulation of the neurons CRF surround. Further, we observe an influence of this lateral circuit on field- field coherences between remote recording sites. In conclusion, our findings support the idea of complex figure-ground segmentation mechanism acting already in early visual areas on different time scales. This mechanism seems to involve groups of neurons firing synchronously and dependent on the LFP s phase. Our results are also compatible with the hypothesis that long-range lateral connections contribute to that mechanism
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Kalinauskaitė, Daiva. "Socialinių darbuotojų motyvacija ir jos skatinimas viešojo sektoriaus ir nevyriausybinio sektoriaus institucijose." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050604_192433-83995.

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Daiva Kalinauskaitė In the latest decades of the last century seeking rational use of finance, estimation of efficiency has become firmly established and the means of private activity efficiency and management have been put into practice. The decentralization of structure and self-government are indispensable means for perfection of management, discipline and control. Actually, it is measuring of the results of work and quality and determination of clear aims for organization units and individuals. The new public management witnesses the improvement of organizational power – “culture” and behavior but not mechanisms of organization or system are becoming the object of method estimation. Evaluation is becoming human behavior more and more in organizations, but not the way of control of organization behavior. Putting into practice human supply management methods, such as payment according results, the evaluation and certification of personnel, changes motivation, culture and regulations of the workers. It is very important for market now that the workers of budgetary and not governmental organizations would have equivalent conditions in order to avoid changing and demotivation. A research was carried out, the aim of which was to reveal the peculiarities of social workers’ motivation. In public sector stimulation system is regulated according to the laws; a more versatile stimulating system of not governmental sector gives a bigger efficiency of institutions and the... [to full text]
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Shimotake, Akihiro. "Direct Exploration of the Role of the Ventral Anterior Temporal Lobe in Semantic Memory: Cortical Stimulation and Local Field Potential Evidence From Subdural Grid Electrodes." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/202675.

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Books on the topic "Local Stimulation"

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Council, Southampton (England) City, and Safe Neighbourhoods Unit, eds. Thornhill Estate Southampton: Development of a local housing committee : the stimulation of tenant participation and assessment of housing conditions and services. London: Safe Neighbourhoods Unit, 1989.

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Naseem, Shahzad. An investigation into the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on oral mucosa and facial skin in comparison with topical or local anaesthesia. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1990.

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Smith, Lynne. Stimulating drugs prevention in local communities. London: Drugs Prevention Advisory Service, 2001.

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Smith, Lynne. Stimulating drugs prevention in local communities. London: Home Office, 2001.

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Lund, Leonard. Issues in economic development: Stimulating local leadership and resources. New York, N.Y. (845 3rd St., New York 10022): Conference Board, Corporate Relations Program, 1985.

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Mazo, Aleksandr, and Konstantin Potashev. The superelements. Modeling of oil fields development. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1043236.

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This monograph presents the basics of super-element modeling method of two-phase fluid flows occurring during the development of oil reservoir. The simulation is performed in two stages to reduce the spatial and temporal scales of the studied processes. In the first stage of modeling of development of oil deposits built long-term (for decades) the model of the global dynamics of the flooding on the super-element computational grid with a step equal to the average distance between wells (200-500 m). Local filtration flow, caused by the action of geological and technical methods of stimulation, are modeled in the second stage using a special mathematical models using computational grids with high resolution detail for the space of from 0.1 to 10 m and time — from 102 to 105 C. The results of application of the presented models to the solution of practical tasks of development of oil reservoir. Special attention is paid to the issue of value transfer in filtration-capacitive properties of the reservoir, with a detailed grid of the geological model on the larger grid reservoir models. Designed for professionals in the field of mathematical and numerical modeling of fluid flows occurring during the development of oil fields and using traditional commercial software packages, as well as developing their own software. May be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students studying in areas such as "Mechanics and mathematical modeling", "Applied mathematics", "Oil and gas".
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United States. Office of Management and Budget. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs. Stimulating smarter regulation: 2002 report to Congress on the costs and benefits of regulations and unfunded mandates on state, local, and tribal entities. [Washington, D.C.]: Office of Management and Budget, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, 2002.

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Varra, Lucia, ed. Dal dato diffuso alla conoscenza condivisa. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-177-5.

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At the present time, the tourist destination offers a stimulating laboratory for the experimentation of theoretical models and good practices on the subjects of governance, knowledge management and sustainable competition. Growing interest in the study of this territorial context gains impetus from the new approaches and tools that local administrations are starting to introduce in the phases of implementation and control of local strategies. In this respect, the Tourist Destination Observatory (OTD) represents an important innovation, offering a nerve centre for the aggregation and networking of heterogeneous data scattered over the territory as well as a model for the implementation of permanent approaches to social dialogue as prerequisites for the creation of knowledge and for an aware, shared, competitive and responsible development of the destination. The OTD can act as an efficient agent of local change, facilitating the processes of governance, and as a tool of knowledge management for the valorisation of intellectual capital. It is consequently a crucial support for the strategic repositioning of mountain resorts, which can represent valid responses to the emerging new modes of interpreting the holiday.
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Jenkner, F. L. Peripheral Nerve Block: Pharmacologic -- by Local Anesthesia Electric -- by Transdermal Stimulation. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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Wong, Stacy N., and Line G. Jacques. Neuropathic Groin Pain. Edited by Meghan E. Lark, Nasa Fujihara, and Kevin C. Chung. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190617127.003.0017.

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Chronic neuropathic groin pain may be iatrogenic or posttraumatic and can be disabling or even crippling in some individuals. Patients may have significant sleep disturbances and may experience psychosocial effects along with significant physical limitations. A combination of pharmacologic treatments with physical therapy and local infiltrations may be useful. Neurostimulation techniques, including spinal cord stimulation, peripheral nerve stimulation, and dorsal root ganglion stimulation, have shown promising results in the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. In certain cases, surgical approaches, including selective neurectomy, can be effective; in other cases, the pain will remain chronic and intractable despite all interventional measures. In summary, patients with neuropathic groin pain can be treated after a thorough pretreatment investigation. Dorsal root ganglion stimulation is a viable option and should be considered when treating this challenging patient population.
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Book chapters on the topic "Local Stimulation"

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Rosa, Manuela, Sara Marceglia, Sergio Barbieri, and Alberto Priori. "Local Field Potential and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)." In Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience, 1501–17. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6675-8_547.

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Rosa, Manuela, Sara Marceglia, Sergio Barbieri, and Alberto Priori. "Local Field Potential and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)." In Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience, 1–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7320-6_547-1.

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Hamazaki, Takumi, Taiga Saito, Seitaro Kaneko, and Hiroyuki Kajimoto. "Expanding Dynamic Range of Electrical Stimulation Using Anesthetic Cream." In Haptics: Science, Technology, Applications, 180–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06249-0_21.

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AbstractElectrical stimulation is one of the methods to stimulate skin sensation, and can provide sensations such as vibration and pressure by changing the polarity of the stimulus. These stimuli can be combined to design a variety of tactile sensations. However, there is a major problem with electrical stimulation: As the amount of electric current is increased, itching or pain sensation is elicited. This study aims to suppress the itching and pain caused by electrical stimulation, and to present strong, clear, and stable, pressure and vibration sensations. We applied an anesthetic cream containing lidocaine, which is one of the most used local anesthetics, to reduce the induced pain and itching. Therefore, we specifically examine the applicability of lidocaine toward a desirable situation, in which pain thresholds are increased and tactile thresholds are not significantly affected. The results showed a significant relationship between the application of the cream and the dynamic range of stimulating current, and subsequently the quality of experience by human participants.
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Krainick, J. U., H. Waisbrod, and H. U. Gerbershagen. "The Value of Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) in Treatment of Disorders of the Motor System." In Local-spinal Therapy of Spasticity, 245–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72954-6_19.

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Reivich, M., M. Kushner, A. Alavi, and J. Greenberg. "Measurement of Local Cerebral Glucose Metabolism: Effect of Pathology and Functional Stimulation." In Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism Measurement, 410–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70054-5_61.

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Ritchie, Helen M., Alec Jamieson, and Nuala A. Booth. "Local Increase in Pai-2 on Stimulation of Monocytes with Modified Ldl." In Cardiovascular Disease 2, 211–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1959-1_27.

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George, J. S., J. D. Lewine, A. S. Goggin, R. B. Dyer, and E. R. Flynn. "IR Thermal Imaging of a Monkey’s Head: Local Temperature Changes in Response to Somatosensory Stimulation." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 125–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2468-1_12.

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Braeken, D., R. Huys, D. Jans, Josine Loo, D. R. Rand, G. Borghs, G. Callewaert, and C. Bartic. "Local electrical stimulation of single myocytes using three-dimensional electrode arrays with small interelectrode distances." In IFMBE Proceedings, 212–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03887-7_59.

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Fernandes, Sofia R., Mariana Pereira, Sherif M. Elbasiouny, Yasin Y. Dhaher, Mamede de Carvalho, and Pedro C. Miranda. "Interplay Between Electrical Conductivity of Tissues and Position of Electrodes in Transcutaneous Spinal Direct Current Stimulation (tsDCS)." In Brain and Human Body Modelling 2021, 101–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15451-5_7.

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AbstractTranscutaneous Spinal Direct Current Stimulation (tsDCS) is a neuromodulatory technique that applies low intensity (2–4 mA) direct currents to the spinal cord through electrodes placed above or near the vertebral column. As in transcranial electric stimulation, tsDCS induces an electric field in the spinal cord that can transiently change the transmembrane potential of spinal neurons or influence synaptic communication. Anatomical features near the electrodes or in the current path can originate local variations of the electric field magnitude and orientation that result in different effects generated at neuronal and synaptic level. Accurate realistic models of the spinal cord and surrounding tissues can provide a deeper understanding on how and why these variations occur.Our research aims at studying how electrode placement interacts with electrical conductivities of the tissues located in the current path. Using a realistic human model of the spinal cord and surrounding tissues, we estimated the electric field induced by tsDCS, considering different combinations of electrode positions and electrical conductivity of relevant tissues. Our study started from a homogeneous conductivity paradigm up to a full heterogeneous model. The results show that electrode placement influences the electric field orientation, while the conductivities of vertebral bone and CSF can lead to local electric field hotspots in spinal segments located in the current path. Understanding the interplay between these two effects can provide a solid framework to target specific spinal circuits in terms of magnitude and field orientation towards a more personalized approach.
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Iyyathurai, Jegan, Bernard Himpens, Geert Bultynck, and Catheleyne D’hondt. "Calcium Wave Propagation Triggered by Local Mechanical Stimulation as a Method for Studying Gap Junctions and Hemichannels." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 203–11. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3664-9_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Local Stimulation"

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Cheng, Chao-Min, and Philip R. LeDuc. "Effects of Local Mechanical Stimulation on Cellular Behavior." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176082.

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Cell response to mechanical stimulation is a controlled and complex set of events that has been investigated by numerous groups. Understanding the behavior of cells from a localized perspective is even more challenging due to the integrated responses that play significant roles. After investigating the effect of local mechanical stimulation with respect to cell apoptosis, we find that the resulting ratio of apoptotic cells with respect to the deformation of the cells through using soft pyramid shaped microstructure versus rectangular microstructures is increased by 200% percent. These results may also have implications in understanding cell behaviors such as cell-cell communication under the mechanical stimulation and mechanotransduction.
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CHEN, FANGYI, JIEFU ZHENG, NILOY CHOUDHURY, STEVE JAQUES, and ALFRED L. NUTTALL. "ORGAN OF CORTI MICROMECHANICS WITH LOCAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION." In Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on the Mechanics of Hearing. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812833785_0021.

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Agasarov, L. G., and E. S. Sahakyan. "AN EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR LOCAL DRUG STIMULATION IN DORSOPATHY." In III конгресс мэров городов-курортов и главных внештатных специалистов. Знание-М, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/00187-095-1.2021.6.11.

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Debarros, Jean, Lea Gaignon, Shenghong He, Alek Pogosyan, Moaad Benjaber, Timothy Denison, Peter Brown, and Huiling Tan. "Artefact-free recording of local field potentials with simultaneous stimulation for closed-loop Deep-Brain Stimulation." In 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) in conjunction with the 43rd Annual Conference of the Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176665.

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Motoyoshi, Takahiro, Masaru Kojima, Kenichi Ohara, Mitsuhiro Horade, Kazuto Kamiyama, Yasushi Mae, and Tatsuo Arai. "Real-time local environmental stimulation system with visual feedback control." In 2014 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science (MHS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mhs.2014.7006133.

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Cojoc, Dan. "Local probing and stimulation of neuronal cells by optical manipulation." In SPIE NanoScience + Engineering, edited by Kishan Dholakia and Gabriel C. Spalding. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2064273.

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Terao, K., A. Okonogi, T. Okitsu, T. Suzuki, M. Washizu, and H. Kotera. "Local stimulation to single cell on tissue-mimicking microfluidic device." In TRANSDUCERS 2009 - 2009 International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensor.2009.5285887.

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Kojima, Masaru, Keita Sera, Yasushi Mae, and Tatsuo Arai. "Evaluation of Local Environment Chemical Stimulation System for Cellular Analysis." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Cyborg and Bionic Systems (CBS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbs.2018.8612245.

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Qin, Y. X., M. Hu, F. Serra-Hsu, J. Cheng, S. Ferreri, Y. Huang, Z. K. Zhang, L. Lin, and D. Evangelista. "Local and Distant Intramedullary Pressure and Bone Strain by Dynamic Hydraulic Stimulation." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-54017.

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Osteoporosis gives rise to fragile bones that have higher fracture risks due to diminished bone mass and altered bone microarchitecture [1]. Mechanical loading mediated bone adaptation has demonstrated promising potentials as a non-pharmacological alteration for both osteogenic response and attenuation of osteopenia [2]. Intramedullary pressure (ImP) has been proposed as a key factor for fluid flow initiation and mechanotransductive signal inductions in bone. It is also suggested that integration of strain signals over time allows low-level mechanical strain in the skeleton to trigger osteogenic activities. The potential bone fluid flow induced by strain and ImP mediates adaptive responses in the skeleton [3]. Previous in vivo studies using oscillatory electrical stimulations showed that dynamic muscle contractions can generate ImP and bone strain to mitigate disuse osteopenia in a frequency-dependent manner. To apply ImP alteration as a means for bone fluid flow regulation, it may be necessary to develop a new method that could couple external loading with internal bone fluid flow. In order to further study the direct effect of ImP on bone adaptation, it was hypothesized that external dynamic hydraulic stimulation (DHS) can generate ImP with minimal strain in a frequency-dependent manner. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate effects on local and distant ImP and bone strain induced by a novel, non-invasive dynamic external pressure stimulus in response to a range of loading frequencies.
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Yuldashev, Zafar, Anatoli Nemirko, Evgeny Mikhaylov, Dmitry Lebedev, Aleksei Anisimov, Alena Skorobogatova, and Darina Ripka. "Prediction of Local Abnormal Ventricular Myocardial Electrical Activation on Surface ECG in Patients with Structural Heart Disease." In Special Session on Non-invasive Diagnosis and Neuro-stimulation in Neurorehabilitation Tasks. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009374103950401.

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Reports on the topic "Local Stimulation"

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Savaldi-Goldstein, Sigal, and Todd C. Mockler. Precise Mapping of Growth Hormone Effects by Cell-Specific Gene Activation Response. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699849.bard.

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Plant yield largely depends on a complex interplay and feedback mechanisms of distinct hormonal pathways. Over the past decade great progress has been made in elucidating the global molecular mechanisms by which each hormone is produced and perceived. However, our knowledge of how interactions between hormonal pathways are spatially and temporally regulated remains rudimentary. For example, we have demonstrated that although the BR receptor BRI1 is widely expressed, the perception of BRs in epidermal cells is sufficient to control whole-organ growth. Supported by additional recent works, it is apparent that hormones are acting in selected cells of the plant body to regulate organ growth, and furthermore, that local cell-cell communication is an important mechanism. In this proposal our goals were to identify the global profile of translated genes in response to BR stimulation and depletion in specific tissues in Arabidopsis; determine the spatio-temporal dependency of BR response on auxin transport and signaling and construct an interactive public website that will provide an integrated analysis of the data set. Our technology incorporated cell-specific polysome isolation and sequencing using the Solexa technology. In the first aim, we generated and confirmed the specificity of novel transgenic lines expressing tagged ribosomal protein in various cell types in the Arabidopsis primary root. We next crossed these lines to lines with targeted expression of BRI1 in the bri1 background. All lines were treated with BRs for two time points. The RNA-seq of their corresponding immunopurified polysomal RNA is nearly completed and the bioinformatic analysis of the data set will be completed this year. Followed, we will construct an interactive public website (our third aim). In the second aim we started revealing how spatio-temporalBR activity impinges on auxin transport in the Arabidopsis primary root. We discovered the unexpected role of BRs in controlling the expression of specific auxin efflux carriers, post-transcriptionally (Hacham et al, 2012). We also showed that this regulation depends on the specific expression of BRI1 in the epidermis. This complex and long term effect of BRs on auxin transport led us to focus on high resolution analysis of the BR signaling per se. Taking together, our ongoing collaboration and synergistic expertise (hormone action and plant development (IL) and whole-genome scale data analysis (US)) enabled the establishment of a powerful system that will tell us how distinct cell types respond to local and systemic BR signal. BR research is of special agriculture importance since BR application and BR genetic modification have been shown to significantly increase crop yield and to play an important role in plant thermotolerance. Hence, our integrated dataset is valuable for improving crop traits without unwanted impairment of unrelated pathways, for example, establishing semi-dwarf stature to allow increased yield in high planting density, inducing erect leaves for better light capture and consequent biomass increase and plant resistance to abiotic stresses.
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Gootwine, Elisha, David Thomas, Ruth Braw-Tal, Amir Bor, and P. J. Dziuk. Improvement of Prolificacy of Israeli and U.S. Sheep Breeds through Inclusion of the F Gene of the Booroola Merino-Stage II. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604931.bard.

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The purposes of this project were: 1) to introduce the FecB gene to the Awassi and Assaf breeds in Israel and the Rambouillet breed in the U.S.A. aiming in the long run to establish Awassi, Assaf and Rambouillet nucclei breeding flocks homozygous for the F gene in which the contribution of the Booroola Merino genetic background will be less than 10%; (In the U.S., Booroola crosses with Suffolk and Targhee were also studied. 2) to evaluate the effect of the FecB gene and different proportions of Booroola Merino genetic background on lamb survival, growth, milk production and wool production in Booroola crosses with the native breeds; 3) to reveal the specific effect of the FecB gene on ovarian development, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and inhibin secretion in prepubertal ewe lambs and in adult ewes in order to define physiological criteria for distinguishing carriers of the FecB allele from non-carriers and 4) to identify genetic markers linked to the FecB gene to assist in selection of genotypes within the Booroola crosses. Introgression of the Booroola gene reached the stage of the third backcross in the Awassi, Assaf and the Rambouillet crosses. In all cases the Booroola crosses were superior in prolificacy. However, they were inferior in comparison to the local breeds in production due to Booroola Merino genes other than the FecB. It is expected that the beneficial economic contribution of the Booroola gene will increase along with the upgrading to the local breeds. FSH plasma levels and induced ovulation rate of 5 month old FecB carriers among the crossbreeds. The OarAE101 marker can assist in detecting FecB carriers among Booroola-Awassi crosses. However, this marker is informative only in some of the families.
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3

Taucher, Jan, and Markus Schartau. Report on parameterizing seasonal response patterns in primary- and net community production to ocean alkalinization. OceanNETs, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d5.2.

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We applied a 1-D plankton ecosystem-biogeochemical model to assess the impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) on seasonal changes in biogeochemistry and plankton dynamics. Depending on deployment scenarios, OAE should theoretically have variable effects on pH and seawater pCO2, which might in turn affect (a) plankton growth conditions and (b) the efficiency of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) via OAE. Thus, a major focus of our work is how different magnitudes and temporal frequencies of OAE might affect seasonal response patterns of net primary productivity (NPP), ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical cycling. With our study we aimed at identifying a parameterization of how magnitude and frequency of OAE affect net growth rates, so that these effects could be employed for Earth System Modell applications. So far we learned that a meaningful response parameterization has to resolve positive and negative anomalies that covary with temporal shifts. As to the intricacy of the response patterns, the derivation of such parameterization is work in progress. However, our study readily provides valuable insights to how OAE can alter plankton dynamics and biogeochemistry. Our modelling study first focuses at a local site where time series data are available (European Station for Time series in the Ocean Canary Islands ESTOC), including measurements of pH, concentrations of total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), chlorophyll-a and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). These observational data were made available by Andres Cianca (personal communication, PLOCAN, Spain), Melchor Gonzalez and Magdalena Santana Casiano (personal communication, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria). The choice of this location was underpinned by the fact that the first OAE mesocosm experiment was conducted on the Canary Island Gran Canaria, which will facilitate synthesizing our modelling approach with experimental findings. For our simulations at the ESTOC site in the Subtropical North Atlantic we found distinct, non-linear responses of NPP to different temporal modes of alkalinity deployment. In particular, phytoplankton bloom patterns displayed pronounced temporal phase shifts and changes in their amplitude. Notably, our simulations suggest that OAE can have a slightly stimulating effect on NPP, which is however variable, depending on the magnitude of OAE and the temporal mode of alkalinity addition. Furthermore, we find that increasing alkalinity perturbations can lead to a shift in phytoplankton community composition (towards coccolithophores), which even persists after OAE has stopped. In terms of CDR, we found that a decrease in efficiency with increasing magnitude of alkalinity addition, as well as substantial differences related to the timing of addition. Altogether, our results suggest that annual OAE during the right season (i.e. physical and biological conditions), could be a reasonable compromise in terms of logistical feasibility, efficiency of CDR and side-effects on marine biota. With respect to transferability to global models, the complex, non-linear responses of biological processes to OAE identified in our simulations do not allow for simple parameterizations that can easily adapted. Dedicated future work is required to transfer the observed responses at small spatiotemporal scales to the coarser resolution of global models.
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4

Beliefs and practices about reproductive tract infections: Findings from a series of Philippine FGDs. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1997.1012.

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The past decade has been characterized by increasing concern about the medical, social, and economic problems associated with reproductive tract infections (RTIs). The goal of preventing and curing RTIs is now being prioritized by public health agencies in the developing world. Very little research has been conducted on the problem of RTIs in the local context, and it would be helpful for program managers if the knowledge and beliefs now being held about RTIs were more clearly delineated. Knowing more about the way in which these illnesses are viewed by the community, about traditional practices for preventing and curing RTIs, and about the results of ongoing public health initiatives designed to deal with these conditions is also needed. The present study, as this report states, utilizes a qualitative research technique known as focus group discussions as a means of stimulating people to speak up on this subject. While the study won’t provide precise statistical profiles of study respondents, it should allow a first-hand glimpse of the ways in which RTIs are perceived and responded to by a group of "typical" Filipinos.
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