Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Local-state government'
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1
Mzee, Mzee Mustafa. "Local Government in Tanzania :does the local government law give autonomy to local government." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2206_1306481946.
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Despite a highly centralised system of government, Tanzania, has attempted several measures aimed at achieving decentralisation of its immense powers to allow people to have a say on matters affecting their respective areas of jurisdiction. By discussing the autonomy of local government in Tanzania, this research will highlight whether or not local government in Tanzania has the autonomy to exercise its functions without undue interference from the central government. There is not much literature on the local government laws of Tanzania .Therefore, this research will contribute to the concept of decentralisation in Tanzania in particular and Africa in general.
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Woods, Michael. "Elites in the rural local state." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/b11941de-ee75-4694-8f69-6d0930078cd7.
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Young, John F. "Local government and the Russian state, the quest for local self-government and the organization of power." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ28314.pdf.
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Pinch, Philip Leslie. "Locality, local government and central government : restructuring, financial control and the local state in Reading and Swindon." Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.480551.
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Ayele, Zemelak. "Local government in Ethiopia: Adequately Empowered ?" Thesis, UWC, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8969_1318322721.
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This study, therefore, inquires into whether the regional states are discharging their constitutional obligation of creating adequately empowered local government. It will attempt to do so by examining the decentralisation programme of four of the nine regional states of the Ethiopian federation.The argument in this study is developed in the following manner. First, it will be examined whether decentralisation is favourable for democratisation, development and accommodation of ethnic minorities. Second, institutional frameworks will be identified which will be used to examine whether Ethiopiaâs local government is indeed empowered enough to achieve these objectives. Third, the structural organisation, powers and functions of local government of four of the nine regional states of Ethiopia will be described. The regional states are Amhara, Tigray, Oromia and Southern Nations and Nationalities and Peoplesâ regional states. Fourth the Ethiopian local governance system will be assessed in light of the institutional principles that are identified in chapter 2.
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Halford, Susan Janine. "Local politics, feminism and the local state : women's initiatives in British local government in the 1980s." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303870.
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Wild, River Su, and swildriv@cres20 anu edu au. "The environmental implications of the local-state antinomy in Australia." The Australian National University. Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20040922.142838.
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An antinomy is a contradiction between a principle and its opposite, where there is a
compelling case for accepting both. This thesis adopts the antinomy of local-state
government in Australia as its central conceptual theme, describing it with the following
defensible, but contradictory principles that:¶
· Australian local governments are statutory agencies of Australias state
governments, with no power or authority beyond that which is ascribed to them by
the states (the outside-in principle); and¶
· Local governments in Australia are independent agencies whose authority and
interests transcend their regulatory powers by nature of their attachment to their
local area (the inside-out principle).¶
The central conceptual theme of the antinomy of local-state government shapes the
overall thesis, as well as providing the focus for its introduction and conclusion. The thesis
induces elements of the antinomy and structures much of its discussion around these key
issues. It does not try to prove or resolve the antinomy. Instead the thesis uses the concept to
explore and develop its second complex theme - the practical and applied experience of
Australian local governments (LGs) as they attempt to deliver beneficial environmental
outcomes. The great bulk of the substantive work presented in the thesis focuses on
descriptions and analyses of LGs environmental work and the contexts within which they
do it. The thesis contends that the local-state antinomy underpins many problems facing
Australian LGs as they attempt to deliver beneficial environmental outcomes.
Four research questions are addressed. They are:¶
· How can Australian LG capacity to deliver beneficial environmental outcomes be
understood?¶
· Within this capacity, what are the environmental outcomes now being achieved by
Australian LGs?¶
· How can Australian local government extend its capacity to deliver beneficial
environmental outcomes? And¶
· What are the implications of the local-state antinomy on Australian LG capacity to
deliver beneficial environmental outcomes?¶
This thesis reviews literature on Australian LG, LG environmental work, and the
methods that are appropriate in investigating these questions. The overall thesis uses
scientific, grounded theory and action research methods and draws on ideas from symbolic
interactionism. Parts of the thesis also use environmental risk assessment, gap analysis
techniques, case study and comparative analysis. The goal of generating grounded theories
led to a strong focus on the development and exploration of analytical categories and the
relationships between them. One such category summarises the relationship between LG
and state government (SG), whereby LGs are identified as the inside sphere of government,
while the SG is one of several outside spheres. Environmental efforts that impact between
the spheres are described in relation to their source and impact, using this terminology, so
that inside-out initiatives are driven by LGs but impact more broadly, and outside-in
initiatives are driven by states but impact on local areas.¶
Two extensive studies are presented, each stemming primarily from one side of the
local-state antinomy. The first is a quantitative, statewide study of local (and state)
government implementation of the Queensland Environmental Protection Act. That process
is considered a predominantly outside-in environmental initiative, in that LG interest and
authority for that work stem directly from a SG statute. For simplicity, this is referred to as
an outside-in study. That study involved the development and application of the
Comparative Environmental Risk Assessment Method, that enabled the assessment of the
environmental and other outcomes from the Queensland legislation.¶
The outside-in study is complimented by comparative case studies that mostly
reflect inside-out environmental initiatives as they are defined and described by LGs.
Again, this required the development of innovative research methods, specifically a
comparative case study method. 34 case studies gathered from different types of LGs across
Australia are presented, each representing an attempt by LG to deliver beneficial
environmental outcomes.¶
In answer to the research questions, LG capacity to deliver environmental outcomes
can be understood when the antinomy is examined through the research methods and
analytical categories developed and presented here. LGs are delivering significant beneficial
environmental outcomes, both as agents of SGs and through their own initiatives.
Improving LG capacity to deliver environmental outcomes primarily requires a respect for
LG perspectives, and for LG priorities, which inherently include a focus on their own local
areas. State governments can build effective partnerships between the spheres and enhance
LG environmental capacity by recognising and supporting LGs own priorities, while
assisting their engagement with broader strategic objectives.
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Johnson, Ross Freya. "What state are we in? : activism, professional feminists and local government." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/56863/.
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This thesis examines the particular sphere of gender equality working in UK local government in relation to feminist ideas and activism. In doing so it addresses questions about the nature and legacy of the Women's Liberation Movement (WLM), as well as how we should understand those engaged with feminist issues but organised in apparently non-traditional ways and locations. It also considers the significance of national legislation in shaping how this area of work has developed, with reference to the most recent Equality Acts. Taking as my starting point classic debates about organising for social change within the WLM, I undertook a qualitative comparative analysis of local government gender equality working. This examined three councils during the period in which they first created municipal feminist women's initiatives, and the present day. To do this I undertook interviews with those working during both time periods, and gathered contemporary and archival texts relating to the councils' work on gender equality. I suggest that the council gender equality initiatives, and those working within them, present an interesting way to complicate several boundaries; those usually defining the feminist movement and its organising; social movements in relation to the state; and feminist activity in relation to professionalism. I argue for the significance of the municipal feminist initiatives for present day work on gender equality, particularly in terms of their organisational position and form. I explore the utility of, and problems with, recent legislative developments in relation to gender equality, suggesting they have played an important role in standardising the work that takes place. I also examine the processes through which the concepts and practices of local government gender equality working have developed. In doing so I argue for the non-linear way this takes place and the importance of individual workers in shaping this arena. Finally, I present the idea of the ‘professional feminist' as a way to understand the workers who identify as feminists. This challenges the terms of the early WLM but does so through drawing out and reconciling professionalism with feminist ideas.
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Jones, Benjamin. "Local-level politics in Uganda : institutional landscapes at the margins of the state." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/662/.
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Uganda has been considered one of Africa's few "success stories" over the past decade, an example of how a country can be transformed through a committed state bureaucracy. The thesis questions this view by looking at the experiences of development and change in a subparish in eastern Uganda. From this more local-level perspective, the thesis discusses the weakness of the state in the countryside, and incorporates the importance of religious and customary institutions. In place of a narrow view of politics, focused on reforms and policies coming from above, which rarely reach rural areas in a consistent or predictable way, the thesis describes political developments within a rural community. The thesis rests on two premises. First, that the state in rural Uganda has been too weak to support an effective bureaucratic presence in the countryside. Second, that politics at the local-level is an "open-ended" business, better understood through investigating a range of institutional spaces and activities, rather than a particular set of actions, or a single bureaucracy. Oledai sub-parish, which provides the empirical material for the thesis, was far removed from the idea of state-sponsored success described in the literature. Villagers had to contend with a history of violence, with recent impoverishment, and with the reality that the rural economy was unimportant in maintaining the structures of the government system. The thesis shows that the marginalisation of the countryside came at a time when central and local government structures had become increasingly reliant on funding from abroad. Aside from the analysing the weakness of the state bureaucracy, the thesis goes on to discuss broader changes in the life of the sub-parish, including the impact of a violent insurgency in the late 1980s. The thesis also looks at the role of churches and burial societies, institutions which have been largely ignored by the literature on political developments in Uganda. Religious and customary institutions, as well as the village court, provided spaces where political goals, such as settling disputes, building a career, or acquiring wealth, could be pursued.
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Ni, Anna Ya. "Managing information systems in state and local governments essays on e-government service adoption and outsourcing /." Related electronic resource:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1425306911&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=3739&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Kaka, Eddy B. "Decentralization of Local Government and Rural Development in Rivers State, Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4797.
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Rural communities in Rivers State, Nigeria are fraught with underdevelopment crises despite the accrual of wealth from oil and gas. Community Development Committees (CDCs) are established by the Rivers State government in each town and village to facilitate community development. However, the CDCs have failed to generate substantive development in rural communities. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to investigate the perceptions of local stakeholders as to the factors that have contributed to this policy failure. Benet's theory of polarities of democracy was used in this study. Twenty-two participants in the Khana region of Rivers State were interviewed regarding why the CDCs have failed to promote rural development in the Khana Local Government Area in Rivers State, Nigeria. Saldana's method of coding and content analysis were used for data analysis. The results from the analysis revealed that CDCs protected personal and political interests of the elites, excluded the voice of the local citizens, lacked representation from the minority, and CDC officials mismanaged funds and resources. To improve the lives of the rural people in Rivers State, Nigeria, it was recommended that CDCs become more inclusive. Also, CDC leaders need to work closely with all local stakeholders so that each stakeholder and not just the elites of the community will benefit from CDC policies or programs. Implementation of these recommendations might bring about more social justice and equity in the local communities served by CDCs. They might also help to promote reasonable distribution of government wealth through the provision of viable projects in the rural communities in Rivers State, Nigeria.
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Boshoff, Willem Hendrik. "Policy-making for local government excellence in the Free State province." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/101.
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Thesis (M. Tech) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008In terms of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Act 108 of 1996), local government in South Africa is obliged to ensure that sustainable services are provided to communities. Without any doubt, the effective and efficient execution of this responsibility would bring about an environment conducive to service excellence on local government level. However, South African municipalities are characterised by poor service provision; and the various incidents arising from dissatisfaction on the part of residents in respect of the services rendered are daily becoming a greater challenge to municipalities in the Free State Province. In order to meet the service provision standards, as stipulated in the Constitution, the development and implementation of municipal policies is essential. Policy is defined, inter alia, as the setting out of basic principles that must be pursued in order to achieve specific objectives. Local government has the legislative and executive competency to develop and implement policies. As a result of the diversity and complexity of policy-making, a conceptual framework for the policy-making process at local government level is an essential requirement. This process is described in the dissertation as a sequential pattern consisting of the following phases: policy agenda-setting, policy formulation, policy adoption, policy implementation and execution and policy evaluation. However, municipalities do not have the institutional capacity, skills and experience necessary for the development and implementation of municipal policies. A further aspect that complicates the creation and implementation of policies is the large amount of legislation that regulates local government in South Africa. This legislation also requires municipalities to develop and implement various policies. There are several factors that influence policy-making at local government level. Aspects such as the political environment, the financial environment and community needs have a direct and significant effect on policy-making at this level of government. Capacity shortages probably comprise the factor that has the most detrimental effect on policy-making at local government level; and therefore the necessity for the relevant skills and knowledge relating to policymaking is indisputable. It is just as essential, however, that the other two spheres of government, namely national and provincial government, should carry out their constitutional obligation to support municipalities and strengthen their capacity. Therefore, the aim of this study is, firstly, to identify specific actions that could be implemented by local and district municipalities to improve the policy-making process. Secondly, to determine the reasons for the inadequate formulation, adoption and implementation of the municipal policies. Thirdly, to determine the specific role of national and provincial government, as well as that of the South African Local Government Association (SALGA), in supporting municipalities in the policy-making process. In addition, strategies that could be implemented in order to improve the institutional capacity, skills and experience at local government level, with a view to developing and implementing appropriate policies, have also been identified.
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Tiihonen, Paula. "Kansalaisten itsehallinnon laajentaminen HM 512 [section symbol] : n mukainen kansalaisten itsehallinto kuntaa suuremmalla hallintoalueella /." Tampere : Tampereen yliopisto, 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/29019410.html.
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Iyoha, Friday Ebose. "Local government and rural development in Bendel State Nigeria : constraints on local involvement and effectiveness." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334434.
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McCarthy, Donna T. "An exploratory study of socially responsible procurement activities in the expenditure of public funds at the state and local levels of government." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3242452.
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Lynch, Cisneros Jimena. "Power reconfigurations and local government: affect and tension that reinvent the state." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/78546.
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La estructura estatal y la gestión local están constituidas desde espacios y personajes cuyas relaciones políticas y sociales generan efectos inesperados. En este artículo analizo esa dinámica por medio de una etnografía que observa a las autoridades locales y a un grupo de mujeres en la juramentación de la Junta Provincial de Ajawasis (chicheras) de la provincia de Urubamba, en Cusco, y la fiesta de carnaval auspiciada por el municipio. Analizo la manera como los afectos, las historias, los chismes y las memorias entran en tensión con lo normativo, es decir, lo formal, lo establecido administrativa y legalmente en la estructura municipal. En esta perspectiva, la municipalidad deja de ser una entidad estática para convertirse en un ente que fluye y es atravesado por procesos y fuerzas dinámicos. La etnografía que explora esas dimensiones puede ampliar el concepto de gestión, y mostrar que el espacio municipal, como la vida social, está atravesado por procesos afectivos. El artículo ofrece una manera diferente de abordar el estudio del Estado neoliberal, prestando atención a la manera como las acciones de los funcionarios municipales están marcadas por relaciones que van más allá de los cargos y jerarquías establecidas formalmente.Local state structure and local government (gestion) are shaped by spaces and personalities whose political and social relations generate unexpected effects. In this article, I explore this dynamic through an ethnography conducted with local municipal authorities at a swearing-in ceremony for the Urubamba Provincial Council (Junta) of Chicha Producers (Ajawasis) and a Carnaval Fiesta sponsored by the municipality. Specifically, the article analyzes how affects, histories, rumors and memories enter into tension with more formal or normative arenas of government, including established adminsitrative and legal processes. Seen from this perspective, the municipality ceases to appear as a static unit, to emerge instead as a fluid entity composed of very dynamic and shifting social processes and forces. Through an exploration of these processes, ethnography can help to open up the concept of gestion, to reveal how affect runs through the space of the municipality as through social life. The article offers a different entry into the study of the neoliberal State, by exploring how municipal authorities’ actions are shaped by relationships that go well beyond their official offices and hierarchies of the state.
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Beavan, Robert Benjamin. "Leadership in local government computer service organizations within the state of California." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/654.
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Elliott, Bryan. "Local government in Nigeria: A study of resource allocation in Imo State." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7726.
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This study concentrates on primary education and community projects as analytical tools. It hypothesizes that there is an hierarchy of allocation that mirrors core-periphery relations of regions, and that there is a rural-urban dichotomy in the endowment of specific Local Government Areas (LGAs). The combined evidence of the distribution of teachers and of pupils by sex, and of budgeted amounts for community projects, suggests a three-level division of LGAs. There are low-endowment rural LGAs, having high male-to-female teacher ratios and, to some degree, more male than female pupils. There are high-endowment rural LGAs, with rough parity of teacher and pupil ratios, and varied--but high--levels of project budget. Finally, there are urban LGAs, with high female-to-male teacher ratios, a tendency for female pupils to outnumber male, and very low community project budgets. However, these divisions are based on crude statistics, rank-ordered, and take no account of effects of the larger region (i.e. Eastern Nigeria). The preliminary interpretation, which does support a rural-urban endowment dichotomy, is of limited value because statistics essential to a definitive conclusion are unavailable. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Boshoff, Willem Hendrik. "Political reality of local government service provision in the Free State Province." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/133.
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Thesis (D. Tech.(Public Management)) -- Central University of Technology, free State, 2011The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, No. 108 of 1996 (SA, 1996) brought about a new system of government comprised of the national, provincial and local government spheres. In terms of the Constitution, these spheres of government must establish effective, transparent and accountable government. Local government is specifically responsible for the provision of democratic and accountable government to local communities, and for ensuring that municipal services are rendered to the community. As in the case of the national and provincial spheres of government, local government has a distinctive political nature and character. Councillors are elected to represent the voters who participate in municipal elections, as well as the relevant political parties, on municipal councils. The decisions of municipal councils are influenced by political considerations, as well as by the policy directives of the ruling party. The Constitution also establishes and describes the various governmental bodies that exercise the powers of the state. These governmental bodies represent the state and can be classified in terms of three primary groups, namely legislative, executive and legal structures. In a bona fide democracy, the doctrine of separation of powers, also known as the trias politica, is of fundamental importance in order to prevent autocracy and ensure civil liberty. The provision of viable municipal services is the most crucial reason for the existence of local government. The community has a legitimate expectation with regard to the provision of appropriate municipal services; and in terms of the Municipal Systems Act, No. 32 of 2000 (SA, 2000c) municipalities must supply basic municipal services in order to ensure an acceptable quality of life. However, inadequate levels of municipal service provision are encountered in South Africa in general, and in the Free State in particular. Such inadequate service provision has led to several violent community-protest actions in the country. These protests are an indication that municipal service provision does not meet the expectations of the communities. Various factors tend to have a negative effect on local government in the Free State, including capacity shortages, such as the lack of professional and experienced staff; financial shortages; and the extensive quantity and complexity of local government legislation. Political challenges that influence local government service provision include factors such as the absence of the political will to provide services, political in-fighting within the ruling party, the selection criteria for the appointment of municipal employees, and political interference in municipal administration. It is also essential that the ruling party should put acceptable mechanisms in place to ensure that the public sector becomes an effective instrument for carrying out the ruling party‟s mandate, rather than allowing political interference to affect the day-to-day activities of government. In order to meet the needs of the community with regard to service provision, it is essential that the three spheres of government should function as a coherent unit. Intergovernmental relations therefore play a central role in ensuring that the joint functions of government are effectively carried out. The national and provincial departments have a specific responsibility to support and strengthen local government capacity, and also to ensure the effective execution of municipal functions. However, various intergovernmental challenges need to be dealt with, namely ineffective co-ordination and integration, as well as the absence of the political will to promote intergovernmental relations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify specific actions and strategies that can be implemented by the government in order to address the challenges that have a negative influence on local government service provision, with specific reference to the political challenges.
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Schünwälder, Gerd. "Urban popular movements, political parties, and the state in post-authoritarian Peru : the local government nexus." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28912.
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This dissertation examines the possible impact of direct political participation by urban popular movements at the level of local government. It is argued that these movements harbour a democratic potential, which is contained in their social, cultural, and political practices, as well as in the collective identities of their participants. The relevance of this democratic potential derives from the fact that it could serve to democratize other political actors, particularly political parties, and to render local political institutions more democratic and efficient, depending on three conditions. First, effective political decentralization has to result in the creation of institutional openings for popular participation at the local level. Second, in order to overcome their various limitations and to project their potential for change into the political arena, urban popular movements have to form alliances with other actors, particularly political parties. Third, since such alliances often result in cooptive pressures, urban popular movements should strive to form multiple alliances with more than one actor in order to better preserve their autonomy. In the second part of the dissertation, this theoretical framework is applied to a study of popular participation at different levels of local government in Lima, Peru. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Salvino, Robert Francis. "Home Rule, Selectivity, and Overlapping Jurisdictions: Effects on State and Local Government Size." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/46.
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Home rule power gives local governments greater authority to obtain and manage fiscal resources and determine the distribution and extent of public services. By design, this authority alters government outcomes. The vast decentralization and local government structure literature examining horizontal and vertical competition demonstrates the complexity of predicting the effect of home rule on government sector size. Adding to the complexity, home rule is fundamentally distinct from decentralization. Home rule power gives local governments greater fiscal, structural, and functional authority, while state governments may retain partial authority. This can result in duplication of revenue generation and service provision. Under the leviathan hypothesis direct and indirect constitutional constraints are necessary to control government expansion. State restrictions on home rule authority may serve as a form of direct constitutional constraint that has been overlooked in the economic literature. This dissertation uses 1990 and 2000 Census data to empirically test home rule and other institutional factors’ effects on government size. The results of the studies in this dissertation confirm that home rule relaxes a constraint on government size, finding that home rule states tend to have larger government sectors. The empirical evidence supporting the role of institutions in public sector performance is a primary contribution of this dissertation
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Purs, Aldis Edvards. "Creating the state from above and below, local government in inter-war Latvia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq35290.pdf.
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Hannah, Joseph. "Local non-government organizations in Vietnam : development, civil society and state-society relations /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5670.
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McDougall, Kevin. "A local-State government spatial data sharing partnership model to facilitate SDI development /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00002782.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Geomatics, Faculty of Engineering, 2006.Author's name on spine: K. McDougall. Spine title: Local-State government SDI partnership model. Includes bibliographical references (p. 233-251).
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Salvino, Robert Francis. "Home rule, selectivity, and overlapping jurisdictions effects on state and local government size /." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11282007-112153/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Geoffrey K. Turnbull, committee chair; Christine H. Roch, Douglas J. Krupka, James R. Alm, committee members. Electronic text (182 p. : ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 24, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-181).
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Melcher, Douglas C. "State and local telecommunications networks : institutional and political factors influencing government deployment strategies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39090.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1996.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-84).
by Douglas C. Melcher.
M.S.
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Hayes, Vernon Russell Jr. "The Effect of the Prudent Person Rule on State-Run Local Government Investment Pools." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37330.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to be an introductory examination of whether the use of the Prudent Person Rule in place of legal list investment restrictions could have a significant difference upon the return on investment that a state or local government may receive through its cash management practices. The dissertation will examine this issue by studying the effect of the Prudent Person Rule and legal list limitations on state-run local government investment pools in the United States. The specific question to be asked in this study will be: â Is there a difference in the return on investment yield performance of state-run local government investment pools among those operating under the Prudent Person Rule fiduciary standard, those operating under a legal list fiduciary standard, and those operating under a combination legal list/Prudent Person Rule fiduciary standard, for the five-year period beginning with Fiscal Year 1992 and ending with Fiscal Year 1996?â
It appears from this brief examination that there may be a difference in return among state-run pools operating under different fiduciary standards. However, because of various factors that might affect the results, the author believes that this is just a preliminary study, and that further research must be done on this important topic in public cash management.Ph. D.
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Ahmed, T. "Decentralisation and the local state under peripheral capitalism : a study in the political economy of local government in Bangladesh." Thesis, Swansea University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635859.
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Conventional social sciences literature usually presents decentralisation as a means of achieving development and democracy. The present thesis, however, argues that the significance of decentralisation and local government is rooted in the specific material conditions of a society which in turn are reflected in the nature of the state stemming out of it. In a developed capitalist society, the local state helps to reduce the variable costs of accumulation to private capital through its 'social investments' and 'social expenditures' and legitimises bourgeois institutions as humane and benevolent providers of social services. Nevertheless, in the developed capitalist societies, because of the development of the productive forces and the existence of an organised working class, the local state can also be used as an arena of class struggle against the hegemonic bourgeois class. While decentralisation and local government support the process of private accumulation and political legitimation in the peripheral capitalist societies as well, the difference in the material conditions of society there and the corresponding class nature of the state make for substantial differences in the character and functions of local government. The absence of a single hegemonic class brings different fractions of contending classes into coalition in order to control the state because control of the state is central to the whole process of accumulation. Local government in these societies provides the central state with an institutional basis on which to forge and extend the class alliance on which the state is based. As peripheral capitalist accumulation is not dependent on the indigenous production system, the provision of social investment and social expenditure is not intended to support the reproduction of labour power in general, but rather to secure the support of class alliance. State-induced development initiatives are designed as a patronage distribution system for the local power structure in order to serve their support to the central power bloc. Local government in Bangladesh since 1958 has been used by military-bonapartist regimes to create local support through a patron-client network. Because of this the potential of local government institutions to act as a viable means of progress and social change has been arrested. However, the potential still remains if progressive social and political forces could be realigned for enlarging the class consciousness of the rural majority, enabling it to participate authentically and more fully in the political process at local and national levels.
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Leduka, Moliehi. "Participatory budgeting in the South African local government context : the case of the Mantsopa local municipality, Free State Province." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2835.
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Thesis (MPA (School of Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.This study was carried out to assess the extent of citizen participation in local government decision-making, with focus on the local government budgeting processes. A framework of participatory budgeting in Porto Alegre, Brazil is used to assess participation in budgeting in the Mantsopa Local Municipality in the Free State Province with a view to drawing appropriate lessons for South Africa as a whole. The research looks at three important concepts in governance. The first is the issue of good governance. The second is citizen participation and collaboration as cornerstones of good governance. The third is participatory budgeting as an aspect of citizen participation and collaborative decisionmaking. A multiple research approach was employed, which included the use of focus group discussions, and interviews to examine the level of citizen participation in local government decision-making process within the Mantsopa Municipality. Municipal documents and records were used to analyse the existing situation within the municipality. The research found out that the political and administrative elites are still holding on to power that should be in the hands of citizens. Civil society groups are still being neglected in local government decision-making. Citizens are also not being encouraged and mobilised to take part in the budget process. The issue of racial discrimination in engaging citizens in decision-making still exists. Mostly, the white business and farming community felt that they were largely excluded from these processes.
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Vasilevskaya, Marina. "The phenomenon of federalism division of authorities, intrastate stability, and international behavior /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
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Penderis, Sharon. "State–society relations in the ‘South African developmental state’: integrated development planning and public participation at the local level." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4548.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDIn various formulations, the idea of a developmental state has appeared in official discourse in South Africa since the advent of democratic government in 1994, albeit that its adoption as state policy has been slow, uneven and inconsistent with the original East Asian model. What has been a feature of developmental state thinking in South Africa is the fact that the concept has been so poorly articulated in policy that it has come to mean different things to different state actors and to the public. This has been aggravated by the fact that the idea of a strongly interventionist developmental state has run counter to the idea of a diminished state enunciated in various neo-liberal policies. Moreover, unlike the authoritarian and top-down East Asian model, the government envisages a South African developmental state which is infused with democratic content where citizens assist in the formulation of policy from below. In its emphasis on a bottom-up approach to policy formulation the South African model differs markedly from the conventional idea of a developmental state which is heavily reliant on a strong central bureaucracy to drive economic growth. In the South African model local government has been assigned a pivotal role in addressing persistent economic exclusion and uneven development. A central tenet of this approach is the need for local authorities to institutionalise participatory processes at grassroots level and devise effective structures and processes to facilitate citizen participation in local affairs. In the light of the above, this thesis sets out to examine the manner in which a system of developmental local government is being implemented in the City of Cape Town. Taking as a case study the township of Delft, the study looks at the systems and processes (and particularly the process of integrated development planning) set in place to advance citizen participation. It examines the extent to which the model is perceived to be achieving its goals from the perspective of political office bearers, officials from different spheres of government and residents. The research found that notwithstanding an enabling legislative and policy framework, there is little comprehension of, or interest, in the idea of developmental local government and municipal officials largely pay lip service to participatory processes which are carried out in a top-down fashion and which neither empower local residents nor enhance their welfare. It also concluded that developmental government, in its present form, is contributing little to the establishment of a national developmental state.
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Monaghan, Claire. "Performance review in British local government : an investigation of the current state of the art." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3270.
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This thesis was precipitated by the observation that little is known about performance review activity in this country despite the introduction of a performance review system being proffered as one solution to the statutory value for money requirement. However, the research was not undertaken merely to fill an information vacuum. Delineating what lessons can be learned from current operations should assist local authorities embarking on the introduction of review systems in the future, particularly the `new' authorities emerging from Local Government Review and most notably in Scotland, where the statutory responsibility for ensuring value for money arrangements are in place, falls to the unitary authorities becoming operational on the 1st April 1996. Additionally, performance review may provide the framework in which policy achievements can be demonstrated, thus strengthening local government by reinforcing its policy role. This latter characteristicis likely to become critical if the trend towards enabling and decentralisation continues within the local government sector. An investigation of performance review was thus undertaken with postal questionnaires issued to chief executives and council leaders and a series of case studies, being used to accumulate research evidence. The findings are far-reaching and encompass the scale of review activity, the types of review system being utilised, attitudes to performance review, and establishing, operating and sustaining review systems. Insight was also gained about performance issues in authorities which had not implemented review processes. The operation of performance review is associated with significant benefits in many local authorities and there are useful lessons to be learned from these experiences as well as from those councils in which performance review has been less successful. These lessons are delineated within this thesis along with a set of good practice recommendations.
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Olds, Eric H. "Net State and Local Government Expenditure: A Better Link between Expenditure and the Tax Burden?" Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/OldsEH2007.pdf.
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Kondratienė, Virginija. "The principle of subsidiarity and its application to the state governance and local self-government." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110531_124816-62422.
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The dissertation analyzes the subsidiarity principle as one of the key methods of social performance of
modern jurisprudence, protection of human rights, social harmony, state governance and self-government. The
dissertation presents the evolution of the concept of subsidiarity, analysis of the meanings of its use to enable the
understanding of subsidiarity as an ethical and social value, which is important in shaping the value orientations,
in further development of the social state, improving the efficiency of institutional system management, protection
of individual rights and their effective implementation in the state organization. The dissertation analyzed the
European Union legislation and documents of institutions important for the understanding of the concept of
subsidiarity and its practical application, by demonstrating how through the application of this principle the
competences of the institutions of the European Union and national authorities are identified and, based on the
principle of decision making in the lowest link of the management chain (closest to the citizens) the state
distributes authorisations for the institutions of the different management level (national, regional or local). The
dissertation presents the analysis of national legislation which imposes the principle of subsidiarity, discussed the
impact of the principle on the system of legal institutes, its use in the state governance and local self-government,
characterizes the subsidiarity... [to full text]Disertacijoje yra analizuojamas subsidiarumo principas kaip vienas pagrindinių šiuolaikinės jurisprudencijos, žmogaus teisių apsaugos, socialinio sugyvenimo, valstybės valdymo ir savivaldos socialinio veiksmingumo metodų. Disertacijoje pateikiama subsidiarumo sampratos raida, jo vartojimo reikšmių analizė, leidžianti subsidiarumą suvokti kaip etinę ir socialinę vertybę, kuri yra svarbi formuojant vertybines nuostatas, toliau plėtojant socialinę teisinę valstybę, didinant institucinių sistemų valdymo efektyvumą, asmens teisių saugos ir jų įgyvendinimo veiksmingumą valstybės organizacijoje. Disertacijoje aptariami teoriniam subsidiarumo principo sampratos suvokimui ir jo praktiniam taikymui svarbūs Europos Sąjungos teisės aktai ir institucijų dokumentai, parodoma kaip jį taikant identifikuojamos Europos Sąjungos ir valstybių narių institucijų kompetencijos bei, vadovaujantis sprendimų priėmimo žemiausioje valdymo grandyje (arčiausiai piliečių) principu, valstybėje paskirstomi įgaliojimai skirtingo (valstybinio, regioninio ar vietos) valdymo lygmens institucijoms. Disertacijoje pateikiama nacionalinės teisės aktų, įtvirtinančių subsidiarumo principą, analizė, aptariamas šio principo poveikis teisinių institutų sistemai, jo panaudojimas valstybės valdymui ir vietos savivaldai, apibūdinama subsidiarumo principo paskirtis valdžios institucijų sąrangoje, nustatant ir atribojant institucines galias, parlamentinės ir administracinės kontrolės objektą, nagrinėjamos šio principo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Akabogu, Kennedy Chinwuba. "Rural financial markets in Anambra State, Nigeria, with special reference to five local government areas." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252710.
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Agatstein, Jessica C. "Localities and their natural gas : stories of problem diffusion, state preemption, and local government capacity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81145.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-41).
The rapid rise of oil and gas production in the United States poses a new set of policy challenges for local governments. Striving to balance the goals of encouraging economic growth and mitigating its side effects, local governments across the country-especially the small, rural communities where most drilling occurs-are developing an impressive array of policy tools to limit the consequences of oil and gas drilling. In this thesis, I explore how local governments have mitigated the side effects of the oil and gas extraction process in very different ways, using case studies from Washington County, Idaho; Dryden, New York; and Erie, Colorado. I find that these localities' stories reflect three important trends in local policy-making. First, the amount of regulatory authority states grant to localities helps explain why local governments are choosing different policy options, though state preemption is still not preventing localities from regulating oil and gas. Second, in the process of regulating drilling, local governments are undergoing what I call "problem diffusion." Rather than participating in policy diffusion, in which neighboring communities replicate policy solutions, all three localities developed their policies based on their neighbors' problems with oil and gas. And third, these localities were able to create and pass complex oil and gas policies because they didn't have the financial or technical constraints often attributed to local governments of small, rural communities. Instead, they actively navigated around existing state statutes; did extensive research on policy options, aided by a wealth of online resources; and even prompted state legislative action.
by Jessica C. Agatstein.
M.C.P.
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Cunningham, Laura Lynn. "Federal, state, and local government interactions in the administration of wetland protection measures in Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43838.
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Staggs, Barbara Masterson. "Local versus state control a study of the implementation of selected educational policies in northeast Oklahoma school districts /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1986. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8719427.
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May, Farid. "Positive sum reciprocal engagement between China's grassroots NGOs and the local state." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d086ba14-6db3-47cb-a506-0730a467e851.
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This thesis explores state-society relations in China by focusing on the interactions between grassroots NGOs and local government departments. It presents the notion of positive-sum reciprocal engagement as one form of relationship that can emerge between the state and social organizations. Such engagement can be characterized as a dynamic and interactive process implying proximity, communication, joint action, mutual influence, mutual benefit and mutual empowerment, resulting in added value for society. Drawing on fieldwork carried out in six rural or semi-rural Chinese localities, including interviews and questionnaires with local government departments and indigenous grassroots NGOs, this study seeks to identify the conditions under which positive-sum reciprocal engagement is likely to emerge. It finds that the presence of reformist officials, the strengthening of NGO capacity in framing issues to open social spaces and to engage in effective action while communicating the results of such action are particularly important to establishment of reciprocal engagement. Significant structural or contextual factors include positive associational experience and openness in the locality. This study also explores the extent to which grassroots NGOs are able to affect the formulation and implementation of policy at the local level, and finds policy influence to be one of the significant outcomes of positive-sum reciprocal engagement. One mechanism through which policy influence occurs is in the context of a mass-line model of communication, in which NGOs participate in discourses on social issues and act as channels for the conveyance of policy information and suggestions. Grassroots NGOs are also able to model innovations and contribute to policy formulation and reform in carrying out concrete programs, which is made possible by an environment characterized by policy flexibility and amenable to experimental points.
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Long, Kevin Lewis. "Distinctive Competence: The Role of Virginia Attorney General Opinions in State and Local Governance." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29431.
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The devolution and judicialization movements of the past thirty years have dramatically changed the nature and structure of state-federal governmental relations. States and localities are now playing a larger role in the implementation and delivery of basic government services. Many state legislatures, such as Virginia's, because of their limited sessions and inadequate staff assistance, often leave the interpretation of complex, technical matters to state and local administrators. As a result, the role of state and local administrators in public policy formulation and implementation has become increasingly important. Often, these administrators work in a complex environment marked by unclear lines of authority and ambiguous law. The question then becomes, to whom do state and local executive branch officials turn to for assistance and legal interpretation when legislation or regulatory schemes are unclear?
One answer is the state and federal judiciary, however the process of adjudication is often an ineffective instrument for solving complex administrative questions. The risk is that courts will create what Lon Fuller (1964) calls an "undanceable tune," one to which none of the participants know the steps necessary to keep in time with the judicial order. Building upon what Fuller (1964) referred to as the "distinctive competence" of certain legal institutions, this paper offers the opinion writing function of the state attorney general as a viable alternative to adjudication. All state attorneys general issue opinions. These opinions can shape policy and the development of law, partly because the opinions may be the only guidance on statutory or constitutional issues in the absence of prior litigation.
Building upon the French Council of State, and using the state of Virginia as a model, this dissertation examines the guiding role that state attorney general opinions can play in resolving issues of ambiguity and statutory construction in various areas of public management and administration. Specifically, this dissertation will examine the influence of Virginia Attorney General Opinions from the years 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, and 2000. The reason for choosing these years will be explained in Chapter One. The dissertation will conclude with a discussion of how state attorney general opinions contribute to the governance dialogue, as well as their potential as transmitters of what Rohr (1989) terms "regime values."Ph. D.
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Nagashima, Takeshi. "Arthur Newsholme and English public health administration 1888-1919." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366211.
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England came to have a nation-wide administrative system for public health in the 1870s. It consisted of the local councils which were designated as sanitary authorities and the Local Government Board (LGB) as the central department. This thesis explores how public health reform was pursued under this administrative system, by tracing the career of Arthur Newsholme (1857-1943), who served as Medical Officer of Health (MOH) for Brighton, 1888-1908, and as Medical Officer to the LGB, 1908-19. The main aim of the thesis is to examine the activities in which Newsholme was involved and his views, in order to consider the development of public health activities, or state medicine, in relation to the traditional notions of government and society in England, that underlay the administrative system such as 'minimal government', , local self-government' or 'voluntarism'. The first half of the thesis deals with public health reform in Brighton during Newsholme's years of office as local MOH. Particular attention is paid to how the scope of public health administration was decided through interactions between the MOH and the local council as a representative body of the community, and to how voluntary efforts were involved in its extension. The second half deals with Newsholme's administrative ideas and activities in the process of, and after, becoming the country's leading health official. By the time of his assumption of office at the LGB, Newsholme envisaged a comprehensive state medical service as the ultimate medical ideal. The thesis examines how he tried to pursue this ideal by means of reconciling it with traditional ideas of government. Special attention is paid to Newsholme's difference from his fellow reformers such as the Webbs and George Newman, particularly in respect of their recognition of the framework of centralllocal relations that underlay the administrative system, and concerning how reforms should or could be proceeded with by means of central bureaucratic initiatives.
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Nukpezah, Julius Atsu. "The Adoption, Management, and Performance of Local Government Investment Pools: A Comparative Analysis of State Practices." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849621/.
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This dissertation examines the factors influencing a state’s decision to adopt a local government investment pool (LGIP), the institutional arrangements used in managing them, and the effect of the institutional types on LGIP performance. The dissertation extends the policy adoption theory with insights from investment theory to demonstrate that management credibility influences the likelihood of a state’s LGIP adoption. The study finds that the quality of financial management, the quality of professional leadership, proximate state neighbors who have previously adopted an LGIP, and economic factors determine a state’s proclivity to policy adoption. The dissertation also describes the institutional arrangements used in managing LGIPs and develops typologies based on their institutional arrangements. The dissertation compares LGIPs depending on the risk aversion of their institutional arrangements. The research extends the risk-return tradeoff in investment theory to LGIP institutional arrangements. The empirical findings show that LGIP institutional arrangement that has greater risk report higher performance. The dissertation also finds that competition in the LGIP market due to multiple vendors, and periods of economic recession account for higher performance because of higher risk-taking behaviors associated with them. This dissertation promotes public funds investment laws that emphasize prudent management of government finances and guides managers of the public purse on the types of institutional choices that optimize returns with minimal risk.
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Lanier, Cathy L. "Preventing terror attacks in the Homeland : a new mission for state and local police." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FLanier.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): Christopher Bellavita. Includes bibliographical references (p.61-63). Also available online.
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Grant, Patrick J. "All Politics is Local: Examining Afghanistan's Central Government's Role in State-Building at the Provincial Level." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1333061472.
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Olubajo, Olalekan Olugbenga. "Resource allocation for primary health care in the local government areas of Ekiti state, Nigeria : how equitable?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9430.
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Includes bibliographical references.The aim of the study was to determine how equitable allocations to primary health care are, identify the factors that influence allocation and make recommendations on how to promote equitable resource allocation for primary health care in the local government areas of Ekiti state.
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Breakfast, Ntsikelelo Benjamin. "Market triumphalism and the South Afican state: a case study of local government in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1014085.
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At a glance, this study is a critique of local development policies with specific reference to the Buffalo City and Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipalities in the Eastern Cape. The researcher enters the debate by posing a primary research question: Do the Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) and Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) ventures that constitute anti-poverty strategies succeed in addressing the issues of poverty, and achieving more equitable development at the municipal level in the Eastern Cape? This research proposes a problem statement: The local development policies of PPP and BBBEE that are being applied through Local Economic Development strategies are not in the interests of the majority of people living in the Eastern Cape. At a methodological level this research employs both quantitative and qualitative approaches to answer the central question and to verify the problem statement of this study. This triangulation approach is employed to utilize the strengths of both quantitative and qualitative methods. More specifically, the researcher uses a number of different research instruments to collect the data including four hundred questionnaires, four focus groups and elite interviews in both municipalities. The findings of this study indicate that local development policies in both municipalities do not improve the lives of the people. This line of thinking is indicated by both the empirical study conducted by the researcher and is supported by a number of scholarly materials. This study contributes to the body of knowledge in Political Economy and Development Studies including other disciplines in Social and Economic Sciences. The central argument of this thesis is that both BBBEE and PPPs are inspired by neo-liberalism (BBBEE is not neo-liberal per se though it may be heavily influenced by it) and neo-liberalism in practice is contradictory in nature as it involves the allocation of state resources to politically influential individuals, rather than promoting economic development for the majority. The evidence of this research further shows that the local business and political elites through the BBBEE, PPPs and outsourcing of services are using their strong networks (associated political, social and capital resources) in their efforts for personal accumulation. The researcher in this study examines the local development policies from a particular standpoint which is a political economy approach. The business and political elites according to political economic perspective use state resources to enrich themselves.
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Esienumoh, Ekpoanwan. "Prevention of maternal mortality : a community action research in Bakassi Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/prevention-of-maternal-mortality-a-community-action-research-in-bakassi-local-government-areacross-river-state-nigeria(58396b9b-aeaf-4f5c-b3ae-a841dad8e6ca).html.
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Maternal mortality in Nigeria is one of the highest in the world. The rate is higher in the rural communities than in the urban. Given the complexity of causes of maternal mortality, it appears that the community is an important resource that is frequently overlooked. The contribution of which could be explored through collaboration with professional healthcare providers, to bring about reduction in maternal mortality. This study, proposed to empower members of the community to take action to prevent maternal mortality. Action research design was utilised, comprising cycles of fact-finding, planning/action, and evaluation with the aim of working towards a change in the status quo. In collaboration with the action research group, data were generated through 29 interviews, 8 focus group discussions and observation of 7 persons. Women of childbearing age were interviewed to gain understanding of their knowledge, attitude and practice towards maternal mortality. Focus group discussions were carried out with a cross section of the community. Observations were undertaken of skilled and traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in their places of practice. Altogether, there were 86 general participants and 12 action research group members in the study. Thematic data analysis and critical reflection were undertaken with emphasis on data which promote learning and change. The study revealed childbirth fallacies as evidenced in the causes of maternal deaths being attributed to superstitious beliefs. Other findings included religious beliefs/practices, birth practices, negative attitudes, lack of money, lack of transportation and health facilities issues as contributory factors. These findings were critically reflected upon by the action research group and actions based on the findings, aimed at empowering the people to take action to prevent maternal deaths were undertaken. The actions included community education, TBA training and development of a common forum between skilled birth attendants and TBAs. Participatory evaluation was undertaken from the perspectives of the participants to identify what made sense to them from the actions. Findings included some degree of empowerment and emancipation of the people evidenced in the acquisition of new knowledge which led to the repudiation of certain superstitious beliefs. Other findings include resumed utilisation of the service of skilled birth attendants at the local health facility by the women. The findings of this study have demonstrated implications for practice, policy and research to prevent maternal mortality in Bakassi LGA, Nigeria. Conclusion drawn is that, the community is an important resource which if mobilised through the process of action research, would be empowered to take action to prevent maternal mortality. The process will also foster the collaboration between skilled birth attendants and traditional birth attendants to improve maternal health care in the rural community.
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Martin, Kirsty School of Sociology UNSW. "The state, local communities and women : a study of women???s organisations in Malang, East Java." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Sociology, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20637.
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This thesis is an ethnographic study of five women???s organisations in Malang, Indonesia. The contemporary significance of local women???s organisations in the lives of kampung women in Indonesia is revealed through an investigation of the relationship between the Indonesian state, local communities and women. This study sets contemporary women???s organisations in the context of their changing historical role and relationship with the state. Women???s organisations have been a part of the Indonesian political and social landscape since the early twentieth century. They played an important role in mobilising women during the struggle for independence. Under Sukarno???s policy of Guided Democracy, restrictions were placed on the political mobilising role of all organisations, including those for women. These restrictions were taken much further under Suharto???s New Order government when many were proscribed. Only state-approved and controlled organisations were accepted. The New Order era essentially undermined the credibility of women???s organisations as vehicles for promoting women???s interests, instead they were generally regarded as ???tools of the state???. Indonesianists and feminists have been especially critical of state-run women???s organisations arguing they have offered Indonesian women ???no path to female power???. This perception of state-sponsored women???s organisations has continued in the post-Suharto era even though their links to the state have changed radically. They now exist alongside a range of NGOs, religious and social women???s organisations. The crucial question that this thesis addresses is why these state-sponsored organisations continue to exist and what motivates women???s participation in these organisations? Through membership in local women???s organisations women enter into a complex relationship with the state, local society and the socio-religious and political institutions within the wider society. The membership status women enjoy provides them with opportunities to engage in a social bargain. Through this bargaining process, local women make social, religious, personal and romantic gains for themselves. The results of the social bargaining process depend largely on the particular organisation to which women belong but they remain strongly oriented towards their local kampung worlds. The thesis provides an alternative way of thinking about the complex role that women???s organisations play in Indonesian society and what function they may continue to have within Indonesia???s post-Suharto future.
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Mundy, Eric J. "PUBLIC TRUST IN GOVERNMENT: AN EXAMINATION OF CITIZEN TRUST DIFFERENTIALS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATORS AND OTHER GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS AT THE FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL LEVELS." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1176487794.
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Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Public Administration and Urban Studies, 2007."May, 2007." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 05/02/2008) Advisor, Raymond W. Cox, III; Committee members, Ralph P. Hummel, Julia Beckett, Jesse F. Marquette, Jennifer Alexander; Department Chair, Sonia A. Alemagno; Dean of the College, Robert F. Levant; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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McCarthy, Donna. "AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLEPROCUREMENT ACTIVITIESIN THE EXPENDITURE OF PUBLIC FUNDSAT THE STATE AND LOCAL LEVEL." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2521.
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The aggregate annual expenditures of federal, state and local governments, in concert with universities and school districts represents incredible purchasing power and requires great prowess in its expenditure. Over the course of centuries, procurement has been used as a policy tool to improve society. This research delved into defining and determining the involvement of state and local governments in socially responsible activities related to the expenditure of public funds. Data collected in 2005 by the National Institute of Governmental Purchasing, Inc., was reviewed to determine if the expectations set for the private sector known as corporate social responsibility could be applied to the public sector. The study found that the definition as established for the private sector with regard to procurement social responsibility may also be employed in the public sector. A composite index of Public Procurement Social Responsibility (PPSR) was created as a benchmark for future comparison. Further, the presence of top-down management support for socially responsible initiatives in procurement in the areas of formal policies, goals and objectives and performance tracking mechanisms dictated higher PPSR scores for agencies. Mean Scores for PPSR were reviewed using independent variables of agency type, location, population served, procurement volume, and budget size. While top-down support of PPSR initiatives dictated strong involvement of an agency, there was no correlation between agency type, size, procurement spend, or population size on the mean score of a governmental entity, with or without the presence of PPSR drivers. The variables that influence the PPSR activities of an agency are similar across all demographics. What appears to drive the participation in socially responsible initiatives of government is the buy-in and mandate through regulation, policy and example set by management. This posture is emulated not only professionally, but the data indicates that it influences personal behavior as well. In order to bring about societal change, results are best achieved through the creation of policy for participation, establishing benchmarks for measuring success and integrating performance review milestones for achievement of goals and objectives related to PPSR.Ph.D.
Department of Public Administration
Health and Public Affairs
Public Affairs: Ph.D.