Relevant bibliographies by topics / LOCAL SCAUR

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'LOCAL SCAUR'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "LOCAL SCAUR"

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Puricelli, Martín, Pablo Spalletti, and Agnes Paterson. "Estudio de erosión local en grupos de Pilas Cuadradas." Aqua-LAC 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2014): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29104/phi-aqualac/2014-v6-1-04.

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Con el objeto de realizar experiencias relativas a la erosión local en grupo de pilas, para los casos menos estudiados pero de aplicación práctica, se trabajó con dos pilas de sección cuadrada. Se realizaron ensayos a fondo móvil en un canal de dos metros de ancho en condiciones de agua clara, sin transporte de sedimento aguas arriba de estas estructuras para evitar las complejidades propias de las formas de fondo. Se exploraron una variedad de condiciones experimentales con diferentes tirantes (entre 30 y 50 cm), espaciamiento entre pilas y la configuración de las mismas. Las pilas tienen 20 cm de lado. En un caso, ambas pilas están alineadas a la corriente y en el segundo caso que denominamos al tresbolillo, las pilas están desplazadas lateralmente una respecto de la otra. En este trabajo se analizan las erosiones máximas medidas, el campo de velocidades alrededor de las pilas y el relevamiento batimétrico del lecho del canal. Las erosiones máximas medidas se compararon con diferentes fórmulas de predicción. Se estudió la evolución temporal de la erosión comparándola con ensayos similares de larga duración pero con una única pila, analizándose también el ajuste de formulaciones predictivas del avance de la socavación en el tiempo. En todos los casos se observó una dependencia de la erosión máxima respecto de la separación entre pilas para los grupos de pilas alineadas. Esta erosión es sobreestimada con la fórmula del HEC-18 para la geometría en tresbolillo. Estos efectos de conjunto para las pilas alineadas se manifiestan desde los primeros minutos de las experiencias. Para la geometría en tresbolillo se observó un cambio en la curvatura de la evolución temporal de la erosión que se puede asociar justamente a estos efectos de conjunto.
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Kim. "Prediction of Local Scour Around Bridge Piers Using GEP Model." Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers 34, no. 6 (2014): 1779. http://dx.doi.org/10.12652/ksce.2014.34.6.1779.

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Mohamed, M. S., and J. A. Mccorquodale. "Short-term local scour." Journal of Hydraulic Research 30, no. 5 (September 1992): 685–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221689209498888.

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Jaramillo-Mejía, Paul, and Jorge Reyes-Salazar. "Evaluación del efecto del paramento inclinado de pilares en la socavación local." Tecnología y ciencias del agua 10, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 106–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2019-05-04.

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Xie, Liquan, Yehui Zhu, Huang Li, Yan-hong Li, Yuanping Yang, and Tsung-chow Su. "Local Scour Near Flexible Flow Deflectors." Water 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2020): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010153.

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Rigid flow deflectors are usually used on water flow beds to protect engineering structures such as breakwater in coasts and to regulate flow routes in open channels. To reduce its side-effects, i.e., local scour at the toe of deflectors, a flexible flow deflector is proposed, and the corresponding local scour was investigated in this study. A flume experiment was conducted to investigate local scour. To show the advantage of flexible deflectors, a control experimental test was also conducted using a traditional rigid deflector under the same blockage area configuration and the same flow conditions. The flow field near the flexible deflector was also measured to reveal the local flow field. The results show that the bed-scour develops near the toe edges of both flexible and rigid deflectors, but the maximum and averaged scour depths for the flexible deflector are smaller. This advantage of flexible deflector in scour depth is mainly caused by its prone posture, which induces the upward stretching and enlarging horizontally rotating vortex and the upward shifted vertically rotating vortex. The former dissipates more turbulent energy and the latter results in smaller bed shear stress, which lead to smaller scour depth directly. In addition, the up- and down-swaying movement of the flexible deflector can also assistant to dissipate more turbulent energy, thereby damping the intense of the horseshoe vortices and thus weakening scour depth as well. The results of this study provide an elementary understanding on the mechanisms of a flexible flow structure and an alternative deflector-device to reduce scour depth.
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HUSAIN, D., A. QURAISHI, and A. ALIBRAHIM. "Local Scour at Bridge Abutments." Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Engineering Sciences 10, no. 1 (1998): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/eng.10-1.10.

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Sheppard, D. Max. "Overlooked Local Sediment Scour Mechanism." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1890, no. 1 (January 2004): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1890-13.

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Melville, B. W. "Local Scour at Bridge Abutments." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 118, no. 4 (April 1992): 615–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1992)118:4(615).

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Ettema, R., E. A. Mostafa, B. W. Melville, and A. A. Yassin. "Local Scour at Skewed Piers." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 124, no. 7 (July 1998): 756–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1998)124:7(756).

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Chiew, Y. M., and B. W. Melville. "Local scour around bridge piers." Journal of Hydraulic Research 25, no. 1 (January 1987): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221688709499285.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "LOCAL SCAUR"

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Hong, SeungHo. "Interaction of Bridge Contraction Scour and Pier Scour in a Laboratory River Model." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7533.

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The engineering design of a hydraulic structure such as a river bridge requires consideration of the factors that affect the safety of the structure. Among them, one of the most important variables is bridge foundation scour. However, engineering experience seems to indicate that computation of scour depth using current scour formulas tends to overpredict scour in comparison to field measurements. The result can be an overdesigned bridge foundation that increases the cost of the bridge. One possible reason for the overprediction is the current practice of adding separate estimates of contraction scour and pier scour when in fact these processes occur simultaneously and interact. During the occurrence of a flood, velocities and depths increase but they are affected by changes in the distribution of discharge between the main channel and floodplain. In addition, the time history or time development of contraction scour and local pier scour is not the same. As a result, the influence of contraction scour on pier scour, for example, is time dependent. Laboratory experiments are proposed using a 1:45 scale hydraulic model of the Ocmulgee River bridge at Macon, Georgia. Initially, the contraction scour will be measured without the bridge piers in place. In this experiment, the time history of the scour and the velocity distributions at the equilibrium state will be measured. Then the piers will be placed at the bridge cross-section in the flume, and the same measurements will be made. The sensitivity of the measurements to small changes in depth at the same discharge will also be determined, and comparisons will be made with field measurements of scour depth. The results will be used to assess the relative contribution of contraction scour and local pier scour to the final design of the bridge foundation depth.
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Lavictoire, Alexandra. "Bore-Induced Local Scour around a Circular Structure." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31950.

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Recent natural disasters, such as major tsunamis, have prompted researchers and practicing engineers to improve their understanding of the impacts of bore-like waves on structures and their foundations. The high velocity and the relatively short duration of hydraulic bores causes local scouring which is different from that generated by river flows and waves. The present study uses an experimental model to simulate the propagation of a hydraulic bore over a movable sediment bed placed around a circular pier-like structure. Measurements of water surface elevation, bore propagation velocity and scour distribution were taken. The linear relationship between reservoir depth and bore depth led to an increase in flow acceleration, and thus to an increase in flow velocity. Final scour bed elevations indicated that scour depth was highly dependent on the bore velocity. The scour depth ratios suggested in current design guidelines were significantly lower than those obtained in this study.
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Li, Junhong Li. "Pier Streamlining as a Bridge Local Scour Countermeasure and the Underlying Scour Mechanism." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1518565785864439.

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Kabir, Alamgir. "Modelling local scour around bridge piers using TELEMAC." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6683.

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Scour at bridge crossings is a major cause of bridge failure. There are several different types of scour such as general scour, constriction scour and local scour. One of the most serious types is local scour which occurs as a result of vortex formation around bridge piers and abutments (Hoffmans & Verheij, 1997; Raudkivi, 1998; Melville & Coleman, 2000; Richardson & Davis, 2001; Armitage & McGahey, 2003). Local scour is also one of the most difficult to predict accurately. If not adequately designed for, local scour of a riverbed at a bridge pier may become deep enough to undermine the pier foundation and eventually cause the bridge to collapse. Complete protection against scour is expensive and therefore not a favourable design option. It is generally cheaper to ensure that the foundation lies below the maximum expected scour depth. Traditionally, the maximum scour depth is predicted from empirical equations derived from simple laboratory tests without much regard for local conditions. Alternatively, smaIlscale hydraulic models, which are laborious and time intensive, are widely used. In view of the above, increasing attention is being paid to the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based modelling for the prediction of local scour and its opposite, local deposition. The ever-improving capabilities of computers and the increasing availability of powerful and flexible CFD codes have further assisted in this process. This study is a contribution in this direction.
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Ozalp, Murat Can. "Experimental Investigation Of Local Scour Around Bridge Pier Groups." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615594/index.pdf.

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It is an important task that design engineers in practice predict the local scour around bridge piers as accurately as possible because excessive local scour around bridge piers unbalance and demolish the bridges. Many equations have been proposed previously by various researchers, based on their experimental findings, but no general method has been developed so far due to the complexity of the topic. In the present study two new bridge pier groups were employed to investigate the inclination effect of the most upstream and downstream piers on the local scours around all piers. Total of 72 experiments have been conducted with 3 inclination angles, one of which representing the vertical case, each experiment lasting 6 hours, under uniform flow and clear-water conditions for a range of water depths and flow velocities on the uniform bed material. It is clearly observed and measured that the amount of local scour reduces substantially by the effect of inclination in the group piers, especially the reduction in the scour around the most upstream pier is found notable. Based on the experimental data, regression analyses are made and an empirical scour depth equation is developed for each individual pier in the pier groups studied. Comparisons with the similar studies performed by other researchers have been made and the results discussed.
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Lee, Seung Oh. "Physical modeling of local scour around complex bridge piers." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29398.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Committe Chair: Terry W. Sturm; Committe Members: Dr. Fotis Sotiropoulos; Committee Members: Dr. Philip J. Roberts; Committee Members: Dr. Donald R. Webster; Committee Members: Dr. Anthony Hayter. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Daskin, Sueyla. "Effects Of Collars On Local Scour Around Semi-circularend Bridge Abutments." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613310/index.pdf.

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During severe floods, bed material around bridge piers and abutments are scoured by the flow and as a result, bridges are subject to damages. These damages are mostly unrepairable and can result in loss of lives and property. In this thesis study, abutment scour under clear-water condition was investigated and collars were tested as scour countermeasures around the abutments. The experimental study was carried out in a rectangular channel with an almost uniform cohesionless bed material of d50=1.50 mm for a test period of 3-hours. The channel was 28.5 m long and 1.5 m wide. The erodible bed material was placed into the test section that was 5.8 m long and 0.48 m deep. For this thesis study, 60 experiments were carried out with and without various collars placed at different elevations around the abutments. The scour formation around the abutments with collars was observed and scour reduction efficiencies of the collars were studied. Experiment results were compared with the previous studies of Dogan (2008) and Kayatü
rk (2005) in terms of sediment size, abutment shape and flow depth, and the effects of these factors on collar'
s scour reduction efficiency were studied. Based on the results of the experimental studies, it was observed that scour depths decreased as the collar width increased and the collar placed deeper into the sediment bed for a given abutment length. When the present study and the previous studies were compared, it was observed that sediment size and flow depth had no significant effect on the scour reduction performances of the collars.
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Cesme, Murat. "Experimental Investigation Of Local Scour Around Inclined Dual Bridge Piers." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606597/index.pdf.

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For a bridge engineer, it is very important to estimate the maximum scour depth around the piers as accurately as possible, in order to design the footing safely. Many experimental studies have been performed by several investigators until now, in order to obtain information about scouring mechanism. The aim of this experimental study is to examine the effect of inclination of the dual bridge piers on scour depth. The experiments have been conducted with dual pier models under clear-water conditions, for various uniform flow depths. Scour depths had been measured at four different points around the piers
namely upstream and downstream faces of both piers. Dimensional and non-dimensional scour curves have been developed and presented to show the temporal variation of scour depth. The depths of local scour around inclined piers have been observed to be smaller than the scour depths around vertical piers.
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Ghoma, Mohamed Ibrahem. "The effect of wall jet flow on local scour hole." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5501.

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This thesis reports on investigations carried out to study of the effect of horizontal wall jets on rough, fixed and mobile beds in open channel flow. Experimental tests were carried out, using fixed and mobile sediment beds. Computer simulation models for the flow within the jet and resulting sediment transport were developed and their results analysed in this study. In the experimental phase, tests were carried out with both fixed and mobile sediment beds. The shape of the water surface, numerous point velocity measurements and measurements of the evolving scour hole shape were made. Detailed descriptions of the turbulent flow field over a fixed rough bed and for scour holes at equilibrium were obtained for a range of initial jet conditions. Fully turbulent, multiphase flow was modelled using the Fluent Computational Fluid Dynamics software. This was used to analyze the flow caused by a jet in a rectangle open-channel with a rough bed, and also the flow pattern in a channel with a local scour hole. The volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase method and K- model was used to model the fluid flow in both cases. The model predictions of velocity and shear stress were compared against experimental observations. The experimental data was used to develop new empirical relationships to describe the pattern of boundary shear stress caused by a wall jet over fixed beds and in equilibrium scour holes. These relationships were linked with existing bed-load transport rate models in order to predict the temporal evolution of scour holes. An analytical model describing the relationship between the wall jet flow and the development of a local scour hole shape was reported and its predictions compared with experimental data.
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Cunninghame, Margaret. "Numerical modelling of local scour in rivers using fluent 6.2." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5057.

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Includes bibliographical references.
Scour and deposition are natural processes which take place in a river as the stream profile adjusts to changing flow rates, sediment loads and other environmental conditions. Man-made obstacles to the stream flow such as bridge piers and abutments and other hydraulic structures alter flow patterns causing local scouring and deposition. Excessive scour undermines the foundations of bridges and other fluvial structures which may ultimately cause their collapse. Reliable methods are needed to model the complex flow features at bridge piers and abutments and hence predict the associated patterns of local scour. Empirical formulae are notoriously inconsistent in their predictions of local scour depth (Johnson, 1995) while physical modelling is time-consuming and therefore expensive.
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Books on the topic "LOCAL SCAUR"

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Khanbilvardi, Reza M. Low flow local scour for cylindrical objects. S.l: s.n, 1990.

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Garde, R. J. Research report on effect on unsteadiness and stratification on local scour, (1985-1989). New York: International Science Publisher, 1993.

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Papanicolaou, Athanasios. Investigation of flow and local scour characteristics around a partially submerged permeable WSDOT barb. [Olympia, Wash.]: Washington State Dept. of Transportation, 2004.

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Johnson, Jeffrey Paul. Local scour at bridge piers. 1986.

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Effect of Unsteadiness and Stratification on Local Scour. Science Publishers, 1993.

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Huang, Cheng-Chang. Local scour at isolated obstacles on river beds. 1990.

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Walker, Wayne O. Field measurements of local pier scour in a tidal inlet. 1995.

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William, Miller. Model for the Time Rate of Local Sediment Scour at a Cylindrical Structure. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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William, Miller. Model for the Time Rate of Local Sediment Scour at a Cylindrical Structure. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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William, Miller. Model for the time rate of local sediment scour at a cylindrical structure. 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "LOCAL SCAUR"

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Graf, Walter H., and Mustafa S. Altinakar. "Local Scour." In River System Analysis and Management, 145–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1472-7_8.

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Läuchli, Severin. "Scar Management." In Local Wound Care for Dermatologists, 195–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28872-3_20.

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Ogawa, Rei. "Usefulness of Local Flaps for Scar Contracture Release." In Textbook on Scar Management, 301–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_35.

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AbstractLocal flaps are useful for reconstructing scar contractures on mobile areas such as joints, the neck, the axilla, the digital web, and the mouth commissure. They are superior to skin grafts because the latter can contract, thereby leading to secondary contractures. Moreover, the color and texture match of local flaps is better than that of grafted skin. Consequently, local flaps generally provide superior aesthetic outcomes. Thus, if there is healthy skin adjacent to the scar contracture, local flaps should be the first choice. In terms of local flap selection, it is necessary to choose between a skin-pedicled flap and an island flap. We showed recently that 6 months after surgery, skin-pedicled flaps associate with greater scar extension rates than island flaps. Thus, local flaps, especially skin-pedicled flaps, elongate the scar as effectively as z-plasty. It should be noted that if the scar is large, it is effective only by dividing the scar with the local flap. However, the flap size can be slightly smaller than the deformity size (although how much smaller depends somewhat on how extensible the flap type is): it is not necessary that the flap is as big as the open wound after scar division or scar removal.
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Shang, Qianqian, Hui Xu, and Jian Zhang. "Study on Prediction Method for Compression Scour Depth of River-Crossing Bridge." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 219–31. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_20.

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AbstractRiverbed deformation caused by river-crossing bridge construction can be divided into compression scour and local scour. Compared with local scour, fewer studies have been made on the compression scour caused by bridge piers. It is noteworthy that, the compression scour can lead to riverbed scour of the whole cross section along a bridge site, which is obviously detrimental to the bridge foundation safety. Based on a summary of existing research findings, a prediction model for the compression scour of bridge piers is constructed, and the model is applied in predicting the compression scour depth of Shiyezhou River Bridge in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Firstly, the pier boundary treatment methods at different spatial scales are discussed. Subsequently, the selection method of flow and sediment processes is proposed from the engineering safety point of view, according to the flow and sediment characteristics on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Finally, the depth of compression scour around the upstream and downstream of Shiyezhou Bridge piers are predicted, and comparisons were made between the prediction depth of Shiyezhou Bridge and other existing bridges in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Comparisons show that the compression scour depth of Shiyezhou Bridge was basically equivalent to that of other bridges downstream the Yangtze River. The results indicate that the method for predicting the compression scour depth of bridge piers is reasonable and feasible, and the prediction of compression scour depth can provide technical basis for determining the embedment depth of the bridge pier foundation.
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Ogawa, Rei. "Local, Systemic, and Genetic Risk Factors for Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars and the Reset Concept of Pathological Scar Therapy." In Total Scar Management, 55–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9791-3_5.

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Masanovic, Marguerite Guillot, and Luc Téot. "Scar Contractures." In Textbook on Scar Management, 117–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_13.

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AbstractScar retractions occurring on mobile areas on the body surface, like the neck, the joints, the hand, and the face may induce functional limitations in skin availability during movements. Extensive burns, trauma, and infected wounds may be found as risk factors. The activation of populations of myofibroblasts may explain the occurrence of skin contracture, as they mechanically act on the matrix and induce skin retraction (Kwan and Tredget, Hand Clin 33(2):277–292, 2017). Pathological consequences of the contractures may vary from a moderate limitation of movement over a digital joint to a permanent neck contracture impairing eye vision in the horizontal plane. The shortage of skin capacity may vary from 2 to 10 cm. Most of the contractures respond to an active early treatment when there is an early diagnosis at 1 month after wound healing, but if diagnosed later specific surgical procedures are needed, like skin grafting, local or regional flaps, but also complex microsurgical flaps. Specific indications depend on the necessity to restore the function.
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Mirastschijski, Ursula. "Genital Scars." In Textbook on Scar Management, 405–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_47.

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AbstractGenital scarring is a topic rarely addressed and discussed in public. Scarring can occur after trauma, female genital mutilation/cutting, circumcision, tumor surgery, burns, infections, or local skin diseases, for example, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. Genital skin anatomy and wound healing differ from other regions of the body. This chapter focuses on genital skin anatomy, the physiology of normal genital wound healing, the pathophysiology of genital scarring, and the current state-of-the-art for plastic surgical treatment of genital tissue defects and scars.
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Ganier, Clarisse, and Sonia Gaucher. "Emerging Technologies in Scar Management: The Role of Allogeneic Cells." In Textbook on Scar Management, 451–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_51.

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AbstractScars caused by burns, chronic ulcers from diabetes, infections, skin cancer surgery, and other genetic or somatic disease could require effective treatment to avoid functional and psychological troubles and even mortality. Most of the current treatments aim to reduce local inflammation but not to prevent scarring. Herein, we discussed about emerging technologies in scar management using allogeneic cell therapy. The industrialised allogeneic cell therapy products and the clinical trials using keratinocytes, fibroblasts or MSCs demonstrated acceleration of skin cell migration and proliferation, control wound scarring, immunomodulatory properties and improved angiogenesis. In addition, allogeneic cell transplants offered the possibility of large pre-fabrication, cryo-preservation, for instantaneous use and repeated applications. Current research exploring allogeneic cell therapies for scar treatment are focusing on grafting of epidermal sheets, cellular dermal substitutes and reconstructed skin equivalent and cell intradermal injections. Advances in knowledge in therapeutic potentials of allogeneic injected cells give rise to new therapeutic approaches such as administration of allogeneic cell-derived extracellular vesicles.
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Barbe, D. E., J. F. Cruise, and V. P. Singh. "A New Energy-Based Approach To Local Bridge Scour." In Entropy and Energy Dissipation in Water Resources, 343–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2430-0_18.

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Tran, D. N., and T. N. Doan. "Prediction of Local Pier Scour Under Live-Bed Conditions." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1141–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7160-9_116.

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Conference papers on the topic "LOCAL SCAUR"

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Melville, Bruce, Stephen Coleman, and Stephen Priestley. "Local Scour at Complex Piers." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)176.

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MIMAMI, MASATO, and AKMA MANO. "LOCAL SCOUR AROUND ARTIFICIAL REEFS." In Proceedings of the 13th IAHRߝ;APD Congress. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812776969_0050.

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"Local scour around hydraulic structures." In The International Conference On Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flow 2016). Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315644479-199.

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Yang, Mingda, Yanli Tang, Fenfang Zhao, Shiji Xu, and Guangjie Fang. "Numerical Simulation of Local Scour Around Square Artificial Reef." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-78941.

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Abstract Artificial reefs (ARs) are one of the key man-made constructs to restore the offshore fishery resources and recover the ecological environment. However, it is found that many ARs lost their stability and function due to scour. In order to ensure the functional effect of ARs, it is of great significance to study the instability of ARs, like burying caused by scour in different flow conditions. The three-dimensional numerical model established by FLOW-3D is used to study the local scour characteristics around the AR in steady currents. The RANS equations, closed with the RNG k-ε turbulence model, are established for simulating a stable flow field around one AR. The simulation results are compared with previous experimental results and shows good agreement. Then, the effect of the opening number and the incident angles of ARs on the scour characteristics, the equilibrium scour depth and maximum scour volume are investigated. The results indicate that the scour depth and scour volume decrease with the increasing opening number. Moreover, the empirical equations of the effect of the opening number of the AR on the equilibrium scour depth and maximum scour volume are proposed based on the numerical results. The change of the incident angles will affect the change of bed shear stress at the most upstream corner of the AR. The greater bed shear stress results in a more intense scour. This study will provide theoretical support, and practical guidance for the optimized engineering design and construction of ARs.
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Bos, Klaas Jan, Zhiwen Chen, Henk J. Verheij, Martijn Onderwater, and Mees Visser. "Local Scour and Protection of F3 Offshore GBS Platform." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28127.

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In 1992 a GBS (Gravity Based Structure) was placed in the F3 block in the Dutch sector of the North Sea. Gabion mattresses around the GBS were applied to prevent scour. The potential scour and the required dimensions of the gabion mattresses were determined before the installation in small-scale physical model tests. After the installation of the GBS, annual surveys have been carried out to provide information about the scour development around the GBS and the status of the protection system. This paper presents field observations of local scour development around the F3 GBS platform and an evaluation of the performance of the scour protection system. The objectives were to assess the maximum scour around the GBS and to determine a cost-effective survey strategy. To assess the maximum scour around the GBS, metocean conditions for the F3 GBS location were hindcasted for the period between the platform installation and the latest survey. The observed scour depths were analysed and compared with predictions both from the model tests and from existing empirical formulas. The results showed that the predicted scour depths based on the model tests agree reasonably well with the field observations. The empirical formulas give larger scour depths than the surveys. Based on the field observations in combination with predictions of the models, the maximum scour depths under the design extreme environmental conditions have been determined. To determine a cost effective survey strategy, the behaviour and performance of the gabion mattresses were evaluated based on the annual surveys and video inspections. It was concluded that the protection system has functioned well and no damage was observed. On the basis of the maximum expected scour and the performance of the gabion mattresses, it was considered that the survey frequency may be reduced. Surveys and inspections may be carried out every three years instead of every year, and after a severe storm.
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Lou, Xiaofan, Kaibing Zhang, and Zhenhong Chen. "Effect of Reynolds Number on Local Scour Around a Monopile in Steady Current." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96735.

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Abstract The effect of Reynolds number (Re) on the local scour around a monopile encountering steady current was investigated experimentally in a water flume. The experiment was performed using circular cylinders with different diameters under two different freestream velocities, covering both clear-water and live-bed scours and a Reynolds number range of approximately 9,000–60,000. The time-series of the scour depth was recorded during the whole scour process and the scour pit was scanned after the scour process reached equilibrium. Results are presented in terms of the equilibrium scour depth, the time-scale of the scour process and the three-dimensional scour profile at different Reynolds numbers. For both clear-water and live-bed scours, the time history of the scour process indicate that the time-scale becomes larger as Re increases. It is also found that the normalized equilibrium scour depth, as well as the normalized scour radius, decrease with the increasing Re. An empirical equation of the equilibrium scour depth is derived as a function of Reynolds number based on the experimental results so as to better account for Re effect in the scour design.
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Jones, J. Sterling, and D. Max Sheppard. "Local Scour at Complex Pier Geometries." In Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)409.

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Zhao, Fenfang, Shiji Xu, Mingda Yang, Yanli Tang, Liuyi Huang, and Guangjie Fang. "Experimental Study on Local Scour of Triangular Artificial Reef." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-78936.

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Abstract Artificial reef (AR) is one of the key methods to restore the offshore fishery resources and ecological environment. To secure its ecological effects, it is of great significance to study the possible instability of the AR, like sinking and reversing caused by change of the submarine topography, water flow and sediment movement. In the present study, the model experiments of the triangular ARs on the mechanism of the local scour are carried out. The prototype of the triangular ARs is used in Xiaoshidao National Marine Ranching in Weihai, Shandong Province. The effects of the heights, the bottom angles and the length of the bottom of the triangular ARs on the scour volume and the equilibrium scour depth are investigated. The results show that for the ARs with the same heights, the scour depth increases with the increasing bottom angles. For the ARs with the same bottom angles, the scour depth increases with the increasing heights. A generalized linear model is used to derive the effect of the bottom angle of the triangular AR on the scour depth. The research results can provide references for the design optimization and deployment of the ARs. This proposed study will provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the optimized engineering design and construction of the ARs.
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Liu, Ming-ming, Ming Zhao, and Lin Lu. "Numerical Investigation of Local Scour Around Submerged Pipeline in Shoaling Conditions." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78440.

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Water waves play an important role in local scour around subsea pipelines laid on the sandy seabed, especially in shallow water regions. In this paper, a two-dimensional numerical model is employed to predict local scour around submarine pipelines under water waves in shoaling condition. The motion of water under waves is simulated by solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. The evolution of the seabed surface near the pipeline is predicted by solving the conservation of the sediment mass, which transport in the water in the forms of bed load and suspended load. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the seabed slope on the scour profiles and scour depth. To achieve this aim, numerical simulations of scour around a pipeline on a flat seabed and on a slope seabed with a slope angle of 15° are conducted for various wave conditions.
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Zhao, Ming, Liang Cheng, and Zhipeng Zang. "Experimental Investigation of Local Scour Around a Submerged Vertical Circular Cylinder in Steady Currents." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79148.

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Local scour around a submerged vertical circular cylinder in steady currents was studied by laboratory experiments. The experiments were conducted under live-bed scour conditions. Only one median sediment size of d50 = 0.40 mm was used in the experiments with a uniformity parameter of d85/d15 = 1.42. In some of the tests, time-developments of scour depth at the stagnation point of the cylinder were measured using the conductivity scour probes. Three-dimensional (3D) seabed topography around each model cylinder was measured using a laser profiler developed at University of Western Australia. The experimental results showed that the scour depth increased with an increase in cylinder height. The development rate of scour depth increases if Shields parameter increases.
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Reports on the topic "LOCAL SCAUR"

1

Garcia, Marcelo H. Mine Burial by Local Scour and Sand Waves. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613085.

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Garcia, Marcelo H. Mine Burial Induced by Local Scour and Sandwaves. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573050.

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Chmielewska, Daria, Jitka Malá, Alena Kobesova, Agnieszka Opala-Berdzik, Magdalena Nocuń, Michał Kuszewski, Patrycja Dolibog, Paweł Dolibog, and Magdalena Stania. Dry needling for physical therapy of scar. A protocol for a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0058.

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Review question / Objective: The research question was defined according to the PICOS criteria: P - participants of any age with a scar / keloid / hypertrophic scar. I - interventions: local management with needling, dry needling, acupuncture or combination of local needling / dry needling / acupuncture with distal acupuncture. C - comparator: local intervention (physical therapy) aimed at scar, keloid or hypertrophic scar treatment or no treatment. O - objectives: changes in pain associated with scar, keloid or hypertrophic scar. Pigmentation, vascularity, height / thickness, pliability / plasticity, itchiness of the scar area. S - study design: The articles were included based on the following inclusion criteria: full text articles in English, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, case reports, case-series, case control studies.
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Ramos-Santiago, Efrain, Yamiretsy Pagan-Albelo, Jeremy Sharp, Curtis Blades, and Kevin Pigg. Evaluation of a permeable dam as an erosion control structure on Coca River, Ecuador. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47169.

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The effort performed here describes the process to evaluate the scour-protection performance of the proposed permeable dam. The US Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, built a 1:50 Froude scaled movable bed section model of the permeable dam structure and tested in a specialized flume that simulates regressive erosion propagation. Profiles were collected at various times to track the progression of the scour. Tests evaluated variations of the proposed structure, which included tetrapods, riprap, bridge piers, and longitudinal piles. For the various proposed alternatives, a total of six tests were conducted. The collected profiles show the ability or inability of each alternative and its associated performance. From this analysis, untethered tetrapods could not effectively arrest the local scour around the structure. However, large rock along with invert control stopped the regressive erosion and held the upstream grade.
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Tom, Joe, Marcelo Garcia, and Haode Wang. Review of Methodologies to Assess Bridge Safety During and After Floods. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-008.

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This report summarizes a review of technologies used to monitor bridge scour with an emphasis on techniques appropriate for testing during and immediately after design flood conditions. The goal of this study is to identify potential technologies and strategies for Illinois Department of Transportation that may be used to enhance the reliability of bridge safety monitoring during floods from local to state levels. The research team conducted a literature review of technologies that have been explored by state departments of transportation (DOTs) and national agencies as well as state-of-the-art technologies that have not been extensively employed by DOTs. This review included informational interviews with representatives from DOTs and relevant industry organizations. Recommendations include considering (1) acquisition of tethered kneeboard or surf ski-mounted single-beam sonars for rapid deployment by local agencies, (2) acquisition of remote-controlled vessels mounted with single-beam and side-scan sonars for statewide deployment, (3) development of large-scale particle image velocimetry systems using remote-controlled drones for stream velocity and direction measurement during floods, (4) physical modeling to develop Illinois-specific hydrodynamic loading coefficients for Illinois bridges during flood conditions, and (5) development of holistic risk-based bridge assessment tools that incorporate structural, geotechnical, hydraulic, and scour measurements to provide rapid feedback for bridge closure decisions.
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Budzich, Jeffrey. PR-685-184506-R01 Development of Risk Assessment Procedures and Tools. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011668.

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Evaluating risks for hydrotechnical threats at pipeline waterway crossings is important to maintaining pipeline integrity. Establishing standards and best practices for evaluating the risks associated with scour, bank erosion, and channel avulsion is essential to developing a consistent process that can be applied across a network of pipeline crossings and provide data to make decisions about prioritizing mitigation and monitoring. A multi-step process including inventory, screening, desktop analysis, and site visit can be applied to compile regional and local data from existing sources as well as site-specific information that informs risk assessment and identification of mitigation measures and monitoring approach.
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Lottes, S. A., C. Bojanowski, N. Sinha, and K. Kerenyi. Three Dimensional Analysis of Pier Extension and Guide Wall Design Alternatives to Mitigate Local Scour Risk at the BNSF Railroad Bridge Downstream of the Prado Dam. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1171963.

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Budzich, Jeffrey. PR-685-184506-R09 Improve Upon Existing Tools to Estimate Hydrotechnical Concerns. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012249.

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Evaluating risks for hydrotechnical threats at pipeline waterway crossings is important to maintaining pipeline integrity. Establishing standards and best practices for evaluating the risks associated with scour, bank erosion, and channel avulsion is essential to developing a consistent process that can be applied across a network of pipeline crossings and provide data to make decisions about prioritizing mitigation and monitoring. A specific detailed multi-step process with support from improved evaluation tools, including a pilot platform, that incorporates inventory, screening, desktop analysis, and site inspections can be applied to compile regional and local data from existing sources as well as site-specific information that informs risk assessment and identification of appropriate monitoring approaches and mitigation measures
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Lottes, S. A., N. Sinha, C. Bojanowski, K. Kerenyi, and Jeremy Sharp. Three Dimensional Analysis of the Final Design of Pier Extensions and West Guide Wall to Mitigate Local Scour Risk at the BNSF Railroad Bridge Downstream of the Prado Dam Supplemental Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1327819.

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Chauhan, Vinod. L52307 Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipe Under Secondary Biaxial Loading. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010175.

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Corrosion metal-loss is one of the major damage mechanisms to transmission pipelines worldwide. Several methods have been developed for assessment of corrosion defects, such as ASME B31G, RSTRENG and LPC. These methods were derived based on experimental tests and theoretical/numerical studies of the failure behavior of corroded pipelines subjected only to internal pressure loading. In the vast majority of cases, internal pressure loading will be the main loading mechanism on the pipeline. However, there may be instances when pipelines could also be subjected to significant loading from the environment. For onshore pipelines, these additional loads could be as a result of ground movement due to landslides, mining subsidence, or even seismic activity. In the case of offshore pipelines the formation of free spans may impose significant bending loads. For instance, seabed scour can lead to the development and growth of free spans of pipelines resting on the seabed, particularly if they are not trenched. Whilst, the guidance detailed in standard assessment methods will be sufficient in the majority of cases, it may be inappropriate or non-conservative to use it in cases when the pipeline may also be subjected to significant external loading. As a result, this work focus on : The remaining strength of corroded pipelines subject to internal pressure and external loading cannot be explicitly assessed using the ASME B31G, RSTRENG and LPC assessment methods. However, these assessment methods have been validated using pipe with real corrosion and simulated (machined) defects welded to dome ends to form a pressure vessel and subsequently failed under internal pressure loading. Consequently, existing methods include some inherent biaxial loading and the remaining strength of corroded pipelines can be assessed with a limited amount of external loading. Ground movement due to landslides can impose significant external loading to transmission pipelines. Stresses in pipelines due to landslides can be greater than the stresses due to internal pressure loading. Methods developed by the nuclear industry for assessing corroded pipework are given in ASME Code Case N-597-2 and based on ASME B31G when the axial extent of wall thinning is limited. For more extensive corrosion, the assessment methods are based on branch reinforcement and local membrane stress limits. Strictly the methods given in ASME Code Case N-597-2 are only applicable to the assessment of piping systems designed to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III. Failure loci of pipelines with isolated corrosion defects and subjected to combined loads have been derived for common pipeline geometries and materials. The failure loci have been validated using tests performed on 457.2mm (18-inch) and 1219.2mm (48-inch) diameter pipe under combined bending/pressure loading. These failure loci can be used to assess the limit of acceptability of existing assessment methods such as ASME B31G and RSTRENG under combined loading conditions.
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