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Journal articles on the topic 'Local projects'
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Gudienė, Neringa, Audrius Banaitis, Valentinas Podvezko, and Nerija Banaitienė. "IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF THE CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN LITHUANIA: AHP APPROACH." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 20, no. 3 (June 9, 2014): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.914082.
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This paper proposes the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a tool to rank different critical success factors (CSFs) for construction projects in Lithuania. Considering the current lack of understanding of CSFs within the local context, this study is one of the first attempts to gain an understanding of the CSFs in the local industry. Our study revealed that, for construction projects in Lithuania, clear and realistic project goals, project planning, the project manager's competence, relevant past experience of the project management/team, the competence of the project management/team, clear and precise goals/objectives of the client, the project's value, the project's complexity and uniqueness, the project manager's experience, and the client's ability to make timely decisions are the top-ranking CSFs. In view of these findings, the study highlighted the key areas for successful implementation of construction projects in Lithuania.
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Beare, Geraldine. "Local newspaper indexing projects." Indexer: The International Journal of Indexing: Volume 16, Issue 1 16, no. 1 (April 1, 1988): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/indexer.1988.16.1.11.
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Fangzheng, Li, and Xiaoyun Zhang. "management of scientific research projects in local universities." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 4, no. 11 (November 30, 2016): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol4.iss11.7.
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With the increasing development of science and technology, and state and local governments paying more attention to the power of science and technology, many local universities are faced with a series of innovative management environment, such as, the growing amount of scientific research projects substantially, the improving level, the wide areas involved, which put forward some new requests in projects management for local universities. According to this question ,the scientific research projects management in local universities are ought to make the thinking correct, the essential captured , the supervision strengthen, the distinguishing feature stand out .And local universities should, in the links of research project application, project initation, project inspection, projiect accepting and the use of funds strengthen the management, improving the quality projects management, enhancing the comprehensive strength of scientific research.
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Isaksson, Ann-Sofie. "Chinese Aid and Local Ethnic Identification." International Organization 74, no. 4 (2020): 833–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818320000260.
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AbstractRecent empirical evidence suggests that Chinese development finance may be particularly prone to elite capture and patronage spending. If aid ends up in the pockets of political elites and their ethno-regional networks, this may exacerbate ethnic grievances and contribute to ethnic mobilization. In this research note I examine whether Chinese development projects make local ethnic identities more salient in African partner countries. A new geo-referenced data set on the subnational allocation of Chinese development finance projects to Africa is geographically matched with survey data for 50,520 respondents from eleven African countries. The identification strategy compares sites where a Chinese project was under implementation at the time of the interview to sites where a Chinese project will appear subsequently. The empirical results suggest that living near an ongoing Chinese project makes ethnic identities more salient. There is no indication of an equivalent pattern when considering other donors’ development projects.
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Aarseth, Wenche, Asbjørn Rolstadås, and Bjorn Andersen. "Managing organizational challenges in global projects." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 7, no. 1 (December 20, 2013): 103–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-02-2011-0008.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to complement the research that has been done in global projects so far and has two objectives: to study organizational challenges in global projects, compared with those of traditional projects; and to define and analyze the main organizational challenges the project team members and project managers meet when assigned to global projects. Design/methodology/approach – The research is based on a survey sent to 550 project managers and people working in a global environment, data from 246 respondents, and 30 interviews with senior project team members. Findings – The results show that the main organizational challenges are managing the external stakeholders in the global project; the local government in the country, local content demand, local authorities, local industry, and lack of support from the base organization and management. One of the conclusions is that companies need a relationship management approach to managing these challenges in global projects. Originality/value – Organizational challenges are an underestimated area in projects and when it comes to an in-depth understanding of organizational challenges in global projects only a very few studies have been published compared with other project management issues. This article contributes to existing research by presenting the organizational challenges in global projects and how they differ from traditional projects.
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Cross, Hugh. "Local Ecumenical Projects in England." Ecumenical Review 44, no. 1 (January 1992): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-6623.1992.tb02757.x.
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Puffett, Neil. "Local projects tackle youth gangs." Children and Young People Now 2014, no. 4 (February 18, 2014): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2014.4.11.
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Uzakova, Shynar, Serik Beimenbetov, and Yerlan Shildibekov. "Value-oriented approach in Kazakhstani regional development projects." Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, no. 4 (December 7, 2021): 352–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(4).2021.28.
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Sustainable regional development projects are a challenge for all countries, regardless of their geographic location, cultural differences, or level of economic development. Kazakhstan is also facing this challenge and tries to counteract this process by actively implementing regional development projects and programs. However, project effectiveness and project value remain bottlenecks as these projects are aimed to improve lives and work in rural areas and eliminate inequality; therefore, managing such projects is a complex issue. This study seeks to obtain data that will help to address these research gaps and to identify value aspects of such projects from the end-users’ perspectives – local communities. This can help to understand how to select projects with high value and enhance their effectiveness.For this purpose, in 2020, a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews of end-users of regional development projects implemented in local communities were conducted. 301 respondents from main mining towns included in the regional development program of the Republic of Kazakhstan have been surveyed and 18 deep interviews have been conducted. The results show that Kazakhstani regional development projects appear to have a low level of value from the perspective of main stakeholders and beneficiaries – local communities. Project value evaluation has also revealed that a concept of value is different for local government authorities, project teams, and local communities. The study expands knowledge on the management of regional development projects, revealing the importance of understanding the value for such projects to achieve success and enhance their effectiveness.
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Jung, Chang-Ho. "A study on the promotion of urban regeneration projects in small local cities." Residential Environment Institute Of Korea 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22313/reik.2023.21.3.49.
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This study reviewed the system and policy direction of the urban regeneration project currently being promoted, and analyzed the residents' perception of the urban regeneration project in small local cities.
Although the recent urban regeneration policy is in the direction of avoiding non-physical software projects such as resident capacity building, the purpose of urban regeneration projects is to revitalize the region through integrated promotion of non-physical projects along with physical projects such as maintenance projects. If the software business is completely excluded and the regeneration business is promoted, it is thought that there will be many difficulties in actual regional revitalization through the business.
In addition, in the case of local eup/myeon units, the conditions for promoting urban regeneration projects in many aspects, such as the number of local populations and aging, are very different from those in the metropolitan area and urban areas. It is considered that it should be applied somewhat differently.
Therefore, this study tried to find out the parts that need to be supplemented when promoting local regeneration projects by reviewing the current urban regeneration project promotion method from an institutional perspective such as legal guidelines. In addition, through an empirical analysis of residents' perceptions of the Hapcheon-eup urban regeneration project district, we analyzed the matters that should be applied differently from the urban regeneration project in the metropolitan area when promoting the urban regeneration project in the local area, and thus for the future urban regeneration policy of small local cities. It is intended to be presented as a reference.
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Fatma Arisya Nik Yahya, Nik, Suhaida S.K, Nurul Aini Osman, and Nadeera Abdul Razak. "Cost Overrun Factors Involving Local Private Residential." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.36 (May 6, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.36.29069.
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Cost is the prime factor for driving to the successful of a project. A poor cost performance become a common problem in worldwide which bring a significant financial risk to both contractors and clients. Construction projects are relatively risky because the projects operate in a complexity and dynamic situation. This study aimed to explore the major contributors of cost overrun and propose strategies in minimizing the cost overrun factors involving local private residential projects in Malaysia. A quantitative method was applied to the respondents from contractors firm Grade G7 in Selangor area, and the data were analyzed using Likert scale to obtain mean score. There are 5 categories of cost overrun factors found from previous studies. Design error and poor contractors site supervision were ranked as the top two contributors to cost overrun in Private Residential Projects. Additionally, 79% of the respondents agreed that construction projects face cost overrun with an average amount of 1-5% of contract sum. 9 strategies are available to overcome the problems and the result shows that effective strategic planning is the most effective mitigation.
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Abdalla, Alaeldin, Xiaodong Li, Ziyang Song, and Fan Yang. "Incentive mechanisms for managing local subcontractors in international construction projects." Journal of Project Management 8, no. 4 (2023): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.jpm.2023.6.002.
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In the domain of international construction projects, managing supply chains presents distinct challenges due to the intricate task of coordinating multiple stakeholders within diverse cultural, economic, and regulatory contexts. Prior research highlights the significance of incentive mechanisms and collaborative procurement practices, yet the effectiveness of these strategies in augmenting performance for international projects has not been extensively examined. This investigation explores the effects of financial and non-financial incentives on the performance of global construction projects, with a focus on the mediating role of cooperation. Data were gathered from Chinese international contractors and local suppliers and subsequently analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. The results reveal two separate pathways of influence. Firstly, financial incentives exhibited substantial direct and indirect impacts on project performance; secondly, while non-financial incentives did not directly affect project performance, they significantly impacted cooperation levels, which in turn mediated the relationship between non-financial incentives and project performance. This study provides essential perspectives for managing international construction projects, emphasizing the critical need for the combined application of financial and non-financial incentives to foster cooperation and ultimately achieve superior project outcomes.
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Croll, Elisabeth J. "Involuntary Resettlement in Rural China: The Local View." China Quarterly 158 (June 1999): 468–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000005865.
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Involuntary resettlement programmes have not only become an increasingly important and separate component of development projects within China but the movement of more than a million persons within the Three Gorges project has generated a new international interest in Chinese resettlement experiences. With a view to examining prior resettlement projects in China, this article is based on interviews with national and provincial bodies responsible for resettlement and on field investigations of linear resettlement attached to the Jiqing highway in Shandong province and of reservoir resettlement within a hydro-electric power project in Guangxi Autonomous Region.
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Nasaria, Zurab. "Main Tendencies and Challenges of Project Management In local Self-Governments." PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre 104, no. 1-2 (April 4, 2021): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/ecs104/1-2-08.
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The article examines topical issues of work on projects and their implementation in local government bodies, analyzes the existing practice and the current situation. The study analyzes the legal basis for attracting budget funds for the development of local self-government, the procedure for preparing project applications, interaction with donor organizations and partners, as well as problems and opportunities in this area. The emphasis is on such aspects as the selection of projects for the competition, the role of the project manager in preparing a high-quality project proposal, the possibility of cooperation with NGOs, the presence of a team, the cooperation of municipalities, villages, communities, and communities in the preparation and implementation of joint projects. The analysis of the current situation, dynamics, and main trends in the development of project activities in local government bodies was carried out; the experience of cities and villages is compared. The main attention is paid to the prospects for the development of territorial units, potential areas of project activities. The author notes that one of the main obstacles to the successful work of the project in local governments is the lack of human resources and experienced specialists. The author focuses on the need for constant practical work and support from external experts who can advise and improve the qualifications of project management specialists. Keywords: decentralization, project management, local government, donors, projects.
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Zurab Nasaria, Zurab Nasaria. "Main Tendencies and Challenges of Project Management In local Self-Governments." Economics 104, no. 1-2 (April 4, 2021): 08–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/ecs104/1-2/08.
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The article examines topical issues of work on projects and their implementation in local government bodies, analyzes the existing practice and the current situation. The study analyzes the legal basis for attracting budget funds for the development of local self-government, the procedure for preparing project applications, interaction with donor organizations and partners, as well as problems and opportunities in this area. The emphasis is on such aspects as the selection of projects for the competition, the role of the project manager in preparing a high-quality project proposal, the possibility of cooperation with NGOs, the presence of a team, the cooperation of municipalities, villages, communities, and communities in the preparation and implementation of joint projects. The analysis of the current situation, dynamics, and main trends in the development of project activities in local government bodies was carried out; the experience of cities and villages is compared. The main attention is paid to the prospects for the development of territorial units, potential areas of project activities. The author notes that one of the main obstacles to the successful work of the project in local governments is the lack of human resources and experienced specialists. The author focuses on the need for constant practical work and support from external experts who can advise and improve the qualifications of project management specialists. Keywords: decentralization, project management, local government, donors, projects.
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Putri, Claudia Karina. "PERAN AIESEC LOCAL COMMITTEE (LC) BANDUNG DALAM MENDUKUNG PENCAPAIAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS)." Global Political Studies Journal 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/gpsjournal.v2i1.2008.
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As an International Non-Governmental Organization, AIESEC Bandung is supporting the achievement of SDGs. There are various activities of AIESEC Bandung, both internship programs and social projects that have an impact on achieving SDGs. In addition, AIESEC Bandung has carried out internships and social projects long before the SDGs were issued. After the SDGs were issued, AIESEC Bandung then included SDGs goals and targets relevant to the AIESEC Bandung social project. Based on the results of interviews and literature studies, it can be seen that there are various social projects in AIESEC Bandung that help achieve SDGs, such as the Sampurasun, I Green, Social Entrepreneur, Impacting, Malala and I Care for Disabled projects. Both project participants and project partners feel the positive results of these social projects. The activities of AIESEC Bandung which continue to take place every year also make this activity sustainable. Even so, there are still many improvements that must be improved by AIESEC Bandung to support the achievement of SDGs, such as social project sustainability issues, difficulties in finding partners and the absence of cooperation with the government.
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Dolgushina, M. "Students' local musical studies: project method and its implementation." Pedagogy and Psychology 46, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2021-1.2077-6861.20.
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This article is dedicated to the use of the project method in musical and regional studies of the university students. The research was based on years of experience of teachers and students of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Vologda State University". Specifically, two types of student projects carried out in the course of studying the discipline "Musical culture of the Vologda region" were analysed: firstly, group projects related to the search for materials about musical life in periodicals of previous years, and secondly, individual projects based on verbal history methods. On the one hand, students’ projects are aimed at the development of the necessary professional competencies, and on the other hand, they contribute to the gradual filling of substantial gaps in the musical history of Vologda. Similarities are identified between the project method and the concept of learning by doing where each student is positioned as an active and creative subject of study. In addition, this research highlights a significant educational potential of music and local history work.
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Love, Paul M., Ali Boujdidi, and Imen Souid. "Exhausting but Not Boring—and Rather Exciting: The Process and Politics of a Documentation and Digitization Project in Jerba, Tunisia." Manuscript Studies: A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies 8, no. 2 (September 2023): 282–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mns.2023.a916131.
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Abstract: The Jerba Libraries Project (JLP) was an initiative carried out between 2019 and 2021 to document and digitize private and public collections of Arabic manuscript and early print collections on the island of Jerba, Tunisia. In this article, we present the project's aims, its achievements, and the obstacles it faced for those considering embarking on similar projects. We also use the example of this project to argue that manuscript documentation and digitization projects like it must speak to local actors, both engaging and benefitting them. We begin by explaining the origins of the project's pilot in 2017. In addition to generating a methodology for documenting and digitizing textual materials, the pilot allowed the project team to establish connections and build a reputation on the island that was important for acquiring local supporters and participants. We describe the methodology itself as followed in JLP, including some of the challenges faced by the team. To make the results of the project more concrete, we offer some quantitative data on its outcomes and a short qualitative example. We close with the perspectives of different team members on the impact and politics of projects like the JLP: public engagement, the labor behind the production of the images, the users of the images, and the knowledge produced from them.
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Buchanan, Graeme M., Bradley C. Parks, Paul F. Donald, Brian F. O’Donnell, Daniel Runfola, John P. Swaddle, Łukasz Tracewski, and Stuart H. M. Butchart. "The Local Impacts of World Bank Development Projects Near Sites of Conservation Significance." Journal of Environment & Development 27, no. 3 (July 13, 2018): 299–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496518785943.
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We evaluated the local impacts of World Bank development projects on sites of recognized conservation significance (Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas [IBAs]) using tree cover change data and in situ state, pressure, and response monitoring data. IBAs adjacent to World Bank project locations and a matched set of IBAs distant from World Bank project locations had similar rates of tree loss and similar in situ measurements of conservation outcomes. Thus, we did not detect any significant net negative impacts of World Bank projects on tree cover or conservation outcomes. These results are encouraging because 89% of World Bank projects that are close to IBAs are environmentally sensitive projects (so-called Category A and Category B projects) subjected to the organization’s most stringent safeguards. However, the limitations of our evaluation design do not allow us to rule out the possibility that World Bank projects had positive or negative effects that were undetectable.
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Nguyen, Nguyen Thi Hanh, and Hung Thanh Dang. "Adaptation of “participatory method” in design “for/with/by” the poor community in Tam Thanh, Quang Nam, Vietnam." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 9, no. 3 (November 28, 2019): 272–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-01-2019-0012.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show the adaptation of participatory concept: “from passive to active community” which is the key point to achieve successes of the case study project – a cultural village in Tam Thanh, Tam Ky, Quang Nam, Vietnam. Its achievements result from the employment of three principal steps including identifying core issues in the community, creating changes in human perceptions and living conditions, and demanding operation and maintenance of the community further. The project can seem to be an outstanding showcase for the applicability and possibility of other community projects around Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses the previous community projects developed in Vietnam. However, they are less effective for the community in long-term due to ignoring/underestimating the role of local people. The case study is an impoverished residential neighbourhood in Tam Thanh, Quang Nam. The authors along with the colleagues observed and conducted the workshops on site to understand the problems, values and expectations of people and the land. The paper likes as a summary for achievements and lessons extracted from that field study. The comparison to the previous projects shows the efficiency of participatory design with the active involvement of the local community. Findings The practical experiences to find successes for the community projects in Vietnam: collaboration of experts, architects, volunteers and local people; classification of roles for groups of participants; the involvement of the local government. engagement of a collaborative relationship with the community under the patience, comprehension and sympathy of all members of the community; and role of the architects involving the projects should be supported for people’s participation to come up with the idea instead of proposing strict ideas. Practical implications The appropriate approaches on the right subjects and right time are the key of successes and sufficiency for the community projects, particularly to the impoverished neighbourhoods or places with sensitive issues. The Tam Thanh village is a typical example and its experiences can be disseminated for the other projects. It indicates the active and respectful involvement of like-minded people (experts, volunteers, sponsors, managers and in particular local people) is very important to achieve the final expected destination in the purpose for/by/with the community. Social implications The huge effect of community projects is directly on the local people. The approaching and understanding them is challenging. An achievable community project is that the real needs of the people are provided; they are aware of their roles and benefits; and finally, the values are retained and developed sustainably in long term. The community projects are characterised by the participation of many people in many different stages: analysis, design and implementation. Therefore, for the experts, volunteers and managers, they learn to listen to the voice of the local people and to avoid the forced thoughts and underestimation of local people’s involvement. Originality/value The value of the study is that the nature of participatory design method is shown through activities and results of the community project in Tam Thanh. The delivery from theoretical features to practical works is not easy and needs observation and understanding of local culture and life. Depending on each specific location, the application of this design theory is flexible and adaptive. An idea for every project is initiation; however, the participation of local people is key to the project’s achievement.
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Beare, Geraldine. "Local newspaper indexing projects and products." Indexer: The International Journal of Indexing: Volume 16, Issue 4 16, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/indexer.1989.16.4.2.
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Surveys local newspaper indexing projects of recent years and their published results, particularly The Glasgow Herald Index, The Scotsman Index, The Meadley Index to the Hull Advertiser, and three Irish indexes.
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Dowler, Elizabeth, and Martin Caraher. "Local Food Projects: The New Philanthropy?" Political Quarterly 74, no. 1 (January 2003): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.00512.
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Maddock, Nicholas. "Local management of aid-funded projects." Public Administration and Development 12, no. 4 (October 1992): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230120407.
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Menghwani, Vikas, Chad Walker, Tim Kalke, Bram Noble, and Greg Poelzer. "Harvesting Local Energy: A Case Study of Community-Led Bioenergy Development in Galena, Alaska." Energies 15, no. 13 (June 25, 2022): 4655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134655.
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Community-led bioenergy projects show great promise to address a range of issues for remote and Indigenous Arctic communities that typically rely on diesel for meeting their energy demands. However, there is very little research devoted to better understanding what makes individual projects successful. In this study, we analyze the case of the Galena Bioenergy Project (Alaska)—a biomass heating project that uses locally sourced woody biomass to help meet the heating demands of a large educational campus. Using project documents and other publicly available reports, we evaluate the project’s success using three indicators: operational, environmental, and community level socio-economic benefits. We find that the project shows signs of success in all three respects. It has a reliable fuel supply chain for operations, makes contributions towards greenhouse gas reductions by replacing diesel and has improved energy and economic security for the community. We also examine enabling factors behind the project’s success and identify the following factors as crucial: community-level input and support, state level financial support, access to forest biomass with no competing use, predictable demand and committed leadership. Our findings have important implications for other remote communities across the Boreal zone—especially those with nearby forest resources. Our examination of this case study ultimately highlights potential pathways for long-term success and, more specifically, shows how biomass resources might be best utilized through community-led initiatives to sustainably support energy security in Arctic communities.
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Booker Nielsen, Mark. "Identifying Challenges and Drivers for Deployment of Centralized Biogas Plants in Denmark." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 8021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138021.
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There is an increasing need to accelerate the diffusion of biogas technology, to contribute to handling grand societal challenges. It is thus concerning that around 30% of all biogas projects are abandoned. Previous studies have found that challenges for deployment of bioenergy technology are mainly economic and financial challenges, market and infrastructure challenges, regulatory and administrative challenges, local opposition, site selection challenges and ecological aspects. Very few studies have however tried to understand how these different types of challenges specifically affect individual biogas projects. Also, no previous studies have identified where these challenges occur in the different phases of a project’s lifecycle (conceptualization, planning, and execution). A lack of understanding that limits the ability of both public institutions and project owners to ensure the success of biogas projects. The aim of this study is to fill this knowledge gap and provide a unique insight into the often very complex and long project lifecycle for the realization of centralized biogas projects. Results based on five comprehensive longitudinal case studies of attempts to realize centralized biogas projects, all taking place between 2008–2020 in Denmark, provide insight into how projects are specially affected by these different types of challenges, and shows that both successful and abandoned projects typically faced an array of challenges that project owners need to overcome. The study also from a bottom-up perspective provides insight into the implementation of national policies and initiatives assigned to the accelerated deployment of biogas technology in Denmark between 2008–2020 as well as critical factors at the local level driving the development.
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Dhliwayo, Nyaradzo, Nelson Chanza, and Anton De Wit. "Beyond climatic intervention: The social dimension of a biogas project in Sogwala village, Zimbabwe." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 31, no. 4 (November 21, 2020): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2020/v31i4a8924.
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There is now considerable interest to understand how local communities experiencing climatic risks can benefit from climate change responses. As this agenda unfolds, there is need to understand the impact of climate-related interventions from the perspective of local populations targeted by such projects. Existing assessment approaches tend to concentrate on the environmental and economic impacts of projects that minimise greenhouse gas emissions. This study assesses the social aspect of a domestic biogas project that was intended to address the twin challenges of poverty and climate change in Sogwala village, Zimbabwe. A three-tier methodological execution process was adopted, involving field reconnaissance, household survey and key informant interviews. The focus was on measuring the social dimension of the changes brought about by the project, from the experiences of participating households. With a consciousness of assessment challenges associated with community projects, social capital parameters were used to assess the project’s contribution to the social well-being of the villagers. Overall, results show that the biogas project has the potential to facilitate social development through improved trust and social networks. Despite the contested climatic benefits associated with small-scale household biogas digesters, projects of this nature can enhance community relationships and networks, upon which other development interventions can be operationalised.
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Aksorn, Preenithi, and Chotchai Charoenngam. "Sustainability factors affecting local infrastructure project." Facilities 33, no. 1/2 (February 2, 2015): 119–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-01-2013-0005.
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Purpose – This paper aims to identify the critical factors highly influencing sustainability of local infrastructure projects in the Thai community. Design/methodology/approach – Both qualitative and the quantitative analyses were used when needed to follow the right procedure. Together, the panels of experts, selected from the related fields, were always prompt to cooperate with the strategies upon request. At the early stage, thoroughly fresh and in-depth information, theoretical and practical, in local infrastructure sustainability development, was gathered through literature review, a semi-structure interview and a focussed group meeting. For the pilot project, all crucial attributes were assigned to items of a questionnaire by a representative sample, Huai Hong Khrai Royal Development Study Centre, one of the most important sources in community development in Thailand. Afterward, the improved questionnaires were surveyed for exact data by all target respondents: local infrastructure project managers/representatives plus the working staff. These accumulated data were analysed by SPSS and finally produced the expected outcome. Findings – They are categorised into 25 factors of 6 dimensions: management and administration, information and knowledge, policy and plan, environmental and natural resources, facility and infrastructure and finance and budget. Originality/value – With regard to a valid analysis reference, the study outcome can be applied to be the deciding factor in choosing the proper local development projects or the model measuring the sustainability level of community projects in a real-life context.
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Kim, Doil, and Kabsung Kim. "Financial Support for Neighborhood Regeneration: A Case Study of Korea." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 13, 2022): 8582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148582.
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This study examined the relationship between financial support and neighborhood regeneration in Korea. A questionnaire about neighborhood regeneration projects was administered to 175 Korean respondents in the regeneration field. Results found that the housing revitalization project needed more public funds than private funds for successful outcomes. The private sector participation project required public-private cooperation. The local economy vitalization project needed public funds to build infrastructure. The local living improvement project needed public funds for infrastructure. The local living network project could be led by public funds including the facility fund. The local economy operation project required public and private funds for local programs and facility support. The results offer the optimization of financial support efficiency by providing customized support funds for neighborhood regeneration projects.
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Ostrovskyi, І., and B. Yukhnov. "INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN PROVIDING FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR LOCAL INVESTMENT PROJECTS." Series: Economic science 5, no. 158 (September 25, 2020): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-5-158-79-84.
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The article underlines the prospect of studying international experience in the context of decentralization processes in Ukraine. Local authorities and self-governments solve problems of development of industrial and social infrastructure, expansion and modernization of means of production in the conditions of severe scarcity of financial resources. The purpose of the article is to summarize the European experience of financial support for local investment projects, in particular, energy efficiency of housing and communal services. The experience of European countries on the financial support of local investment projects is explored. In the Western literature on financial planning, the importance of cash flow analysis is essential. The development of a cash flow model is performed using the following tools of discounted cash flow analysis, net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR). Financial modelling is a key part of all projects. Drawing attention to strategically important calculations is one of the main tasks in the implementation process. The basic approaches to risk management during the implementation of infrastructure projects are analyzed. Depending on the amount of information available, the risk can be assessed qualitatively or quantitatively. Quantitative risk analysis is performed to calculate risks in terms of cost and impact of time. Qualitative analysis is carried out on risks that have been prioritized for quality risk analysis and have a significant impact on the project. Public-private partnership agreements often do not fully take into account the interests of the financial sector. This limits the ability to attract funds from private investors, including international financial institutions, to local projects. The types of budget financing of local programs are separately identified in the form of project subsidies, government guarantees and targeted investment tax benefits. The main forms of project finance loan can be an investment bank loan, targeted bond loans, equipment leasing and commercial project loan. The experience of the Eastern European countries on the financial support of energy efficiency projects for housing and communal services is considered. The centres of energy efficiency centres or networks should become institutes for financial modelling of projects in Ukraine, according to the experience of Eastern European countries. Universities may be the starting points for such centres. Developing alternative models of energy-saving technologies or tariffs can be an information product and an example of creating a competitive environment in the housing and utilities system. Limited possibilities of the state budget in the context of rising external debt, deterioration of the level and quality of life of citizens, increasing the complexity of business activities require the need for further theoretical alternatives using the experience of other countries, taking into account their own experience and achieving social consensus. Keywords: decentralization, investment projects, financial modelling, financial risks, energy efficiency.
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Dinar, Ariel, Shaikh Mahfuzur Rahman, Donald F. Larson, and Philippe Ambrosi. "Local Actions, Global Impacts: International Cooperation and the CDM." Global Environmental Politics 11, no. 4 (November 2011): 108–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00086.
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We examine the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) market as form of cooperative involvement between developing-host and developed-investor countries, likely to evolve into a form of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) with opportunities for further collaboration. We use three variables to measure the level of cooperation, namely number of joint CDM projects, volume of CO2 abatement realized from the CDM projects, and volume of investment in the CDM projects. We rely on international economics and international relations literature to suggest that the levels of economic development and institutional development, energy structures of the economies, country vulnerability to various climate change effects, political constraints, trade, and historic relations between the host and investor countries are good predictors of the level of cooperation in CDM projects. The main policy relevant conclusions include the importance of simplifying the CDM project regulation/clearance cycle as an essential policy option for further growth of joint CDM projects; improving governance structures in the host and investor countries that would lead to higher political stability and trust between the countries for business, including CDM; and strengthening trade or other long-term economic activities that connect the countries for fostering CDM cooperation.
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Van Montfort, Kees, Vinitha Siebers, and Frank Jan De Graaf. "Civic Crowdfunding in Local Governments: Variables for Success in the Netherlands?" Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14010008.
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By using information technology, local governments can develop alternative forms of citizen engagement. Civic crowdfunding campaigns supported by online platforms enable citizens to participate financially in social projects and can be matched with government funding. As such, an alternative for subsidies seems to be developing. In this paper, we assess empirically the success of civic crowdfunding campaigns in the Netherlands by using data collected during 2018 from 269 civic crowdfunding projects and local demographic data from the neighborhoods of these projects. The factors—the use of match-funding, the target amount of money, and the theme of the project, as well as the age structure, the province, and the degree of urbanization of the neighborhood of the civic crowdfunding project—turn out to be empirically related to the success of a civic crowdfunding campaign.
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Anees, Muneer, Syed Mustafa Hussain, Kamran Khan, and Agha Taqi Abbas. "Factors Affecting the Need for Feasibility Analysis (For Local Construction Projects)." Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology 8, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.35.
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In Pakistan, the majority of the local construction projects are opted without feasibility analysis on the basis ofpreviously worked data without examining the current scenario. However, for foreign-funded project feasibility analysis along with standard guidelines is conducted, but in case of domestically funded projects, it is often omitted. This research has uncovered critical factors affecting feasibility for the local construction industry of Pakistan. Field data are extracted from ongoing construction projects which are domestically funded. Relative Importance Index (RII) analysis was carried out first to rank the factors in terms of their perceived importance. Spearman’s rankcorrelation analysis was also done in this regard. The findings of the study might promote construction practitioners to focus on the need for feasibility analysis for local projects too.
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Jędrzejowicz, Piotr, and Ewa Ratajczak-Ropel. "A-Team Solving Distributed Resource-Constrained Multi-Project Scheduling Problem." Vietnam Journal of Computer Science 06, no. 04 (November 2019): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2196888819500234.
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In this paper, a multi-agent system (MAS) based on the A-Team concept is proposed to solve the Distributed Resource-Constrained Multi-Project Scheduling Problem (DRCMPSP). In the DRCMPSP, multiple distributed projects are considered. Hence, the local task schedule for each project and a coordination of the shared decisions are considered. The DRCMPSP belongs to the class of the strongly NP-hard optimization problems. Multi-agent system seems the natural way of solving such problems. The A-Team MAS, proposed in this paper, has been built using the JABAT environment where two types of the optimization agents are used: local and global. Local optimization agents are used to find solutions for the local projects, and global optimization agents are responsible for the coordination of the local projects and for finding the global solutions. The approach has been tested experimentally using 140 benchmark problem instances from MPSPLIB library with minimizing the Average Project Delay (APD) as global optimization criterion.
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Shim, Hee cheol, and Jae hwan Kim. "A Study on Improvement Plans for a Local Financial Investment Project Evaluation System." Residential Environment Institute Of Korea 20, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22313/reik.2022.20.4.71.
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This study aimed to summarize previous research on local financial investment reviews and the project evaluation method for rational investment decisions related appraising local financial investment projects. Measures were developed to quantify qualitative reviews, and new indicators were created. Lastly, academic and practical implications were considered, and a new evaluation system and sub-system for divisional investment projects were proposed based on these considerations. The results include a score table for each grade, with perfect scores set at 10 points for each element. A proposal for a new division was also made based on the classification of basic, intermediate, and optional investment projects. Taking the current division system into account, the proposal suggested the basic investment division, the intermediate investment first division, the intermediate investment second division, and the optional investment division. With this study, it is expected that investment screening can be conducted from a more objective and consistent standpoint, because it provides basic data for solving problems related to subjective screening standards, which have been seen as problematic.
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Lim, Hee Sook, Shin Ju Kim, Gyoung Nam Kim, and Min Ho Kim. "Characteristics and Limitations of Local Government Educational Welfare Baseline from the Perspective of Lifelong Education." Korean Society for the Study of Lifelong Education 28, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 133–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52758/kjle.2022.28.2.133.
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This study attempts to analyze the educational welfare baseline strategic projects of local governments from the perspective of lifelong education to clarify their characteristics and limitations, and to suggest the direction of setting the educational welfare baseline at the local level. In order to achieve the research purpose, an analysis frame according to the educational welfare level and an analysis frame according to the principle of lifelong education were devised, focusing on the deductive qualitative method of Elo and Kyngas, but the content analysis was conducted on the local government's educational welfare baseline strategy project. As a result of analysis based on education welfare, the educational welfare standards of ten local governments show projects at the input stage, financial shortage support projects, projects led by provincial governors (mayors), not superintendents, and projects for school-age students. As a result of the analysis according to the principles of lifelong education, the degree of correspondence to the principles of scalability, innovation, and integration of the educational welfare baseline strategic projects of the three local governments differed significantly depending on the region. In particular, since the educational welfare standard of local governments was set from a social security perspective, the principle of lifelong education was not sufficiently reflected. In the future, the expansion of educational content and form in the educational welfare baseline strategy project, innovation into practical useful learning and mutual educational relationships, and integration of educational resources and learning stages should be considered.
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Tsurkan, M. V., and E. R. Korotkevich. "IDENTIFICATION AND MINIMIZATION OF RISKS FOR THE LOCAL INITIATIVES SUPPORT PROJECTS." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 4 (May 4, 2020): 648–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-4-648-661.
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The purpose of the article is to identify the typical risks of participatory budgeting projects within the framework of the most common regional practice introduced in more than 40 constituent entities of the Russian Federation - a program to support local initiatives and the formation of measures to minimize their occurrence as part of the monitoring function implemented by various stakeholders. Local government bodies, executive authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the population of the municipality - the territory of the project are identified as stakeholders for the participatory budgeting projects under consideration. The main element of the research methodology was the structural level method, which allows us to consider the risks of projects supporting local initiatives as an element of the economic system and economic level of public administration in the subject of the Russian Federation. The article clarifies the concept of “project risk management” through the systematization of the economic categories included in it, such as risk, threat, uncertainty, factors of uncertainty and chance, project risk, management system. As a prerequisite for the functioning of the management system, the authors noted the need to take into account risk-forming factors and their sources, as well as elements of uncertainty. The phases and stages of the life cycle of projects supporting local initiatives and typical risks within each of the elements are identified. Measures have been developed to minimize the possibility of the onset of risks of projects supporting local initiatives that can be implemented by various stakeholders as part of the management function “control”. The significance of the identity of representatives of local communities for the implementation of projects supporting local initiatives and minimizing their risks is substantiated. The results of the study can be embedded in the activities of public authorities at the state and municipal levels, of interest to scientists in the field of economics and management.
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Chang, Yongzhi, Yu Hang, and Tong Liang. "Pre-Evaluation of Industrialization Project of Local Science and Technology Achievements Based on FAHP." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (July 23, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3386328.
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In order to build a scientific pre-evaluation system for the industrialization of local science and technology (sci-tech) achievements, based on the analysis of the characteristics and laws of the industrialization projects of sci-tech achievements, the pre-evaluation of the industrialization projects of sci-tech achievements at home and abroad, the importance of the pre-evaluation of the industrialization projects of local sci-tech achievements and the research methods, the pre-evaluation index system of industrialization projects of local sci-tech achievements has been established from six aspects: policy environment, technical performance, economic benefits, resource guarantee, organizational guarantee, and social benefits. The research took the smart manufacturing project in Xiqing District of Tianjin as the object of empirical analysis and applied the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to comprehensively evaluate the project. The overall score of the smart manufacturing project was 87.639, and the evaluation result was good and in accordance with the actual situation. The feasibility and validity of the evaluation index system and the evaluation model are verified, the risks of economy and policy in the industrialization of sci-tech achievements are reduced, and the optimization rate of the industrialization project is improved, which provide a reliable basis for local governments to realize the industrialization of sci-tech achievements.
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Castro, Cleber Augusto Trindade. "Geo-Tourist itinerary planning in local-based tourism projects." Applied Tourism 5, no. 2 (August 14, 2020): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/at.v5n2.p01-09.
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The concept and practice of the geo-tourist itineraries were developed through research and intervention projects that aimed at the expansion of socio-spatial elements contained in the urban tours and the stimulus to the most authentic meeting between visitors and the visited place. The main objective of this paper is to systematize and propose the methodological aspects of geo-tourist itinerary planning to assist local-based tourism projects. Experiences of this type of itinerary demonstrate the potential of contributing to this kind of tourist route to local development. Then, the aspects presented were systematized from the report of the execution of a project in the Marajó Archipelago.
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Yang, Fan, Jintao Li, Yi Wang, Shengyu Guo, and Heqian Lei. "Spatial Characteristics and Driving Factors of Public–Private Partnership Projects Implemented in China." Buildings 12, no. 6 (June 5, 2022): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060768.
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In recent years, public–private partnership (PPP), as an alternative strategy in the delivery of infrastructure services, has developed rapidly in China. However, the implementation of PPP projects differs significantly between provinces and municipalities. Using the implementation data of national PPP demonstration projects, this study employs spatial autoregression and a spatial Durbin model (SDM) to explore the spatial characteristics and driving factors of PPP projects across China. The results indicate that the PPP project implementation rate in China shows significant spatial clustering, which indicates a spatial spillover effect in the eastern, central, and western regions of the country. The fixed asset investment and infrastructure status exert a significant positive effect on the PPP project implementation rate in a certain region and aid in the implementation of PPP projects in the neighboring regions. Urbanization potentiality, the financial self-sufficiency rate, and regional openness do not have an impact on the local PPP project implementation rate, but they do inhibit the increase in this rate in the adjacent regions. Fiscal capacity, government credibility, and the level of social development do not affect the local PPP project implementation rate, but they do promote the implementation of the PPP projects of these neighboring regions. Local authorities should make additional efforts to build an inter-regional development environment for PPP and promote the implementation of PPP projects.
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Askerud, Pernille, and Barbara Adler. "Design Education for Local Development." Artifact 3, no. 4 (July 12, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/artifact.v3i4.12813.
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In the western part of the world, the concept of design is increasingly perceived as a central means of how we organize the world and imbue it with (cultural) meaning, rather than a quality attached to material objects. In this article we are interested in what concept of design is implied in typical design training activities in different cultural contexts (Morocco, India, Thailand, Mexico, and Singapore).Inspired by the questions that have arisen in connection with project experience and research done by the authors in many countries, this survey outlines approaches and efforts to establish design competence with a particular paradigm to the fostering of sustainable economic and cultural development in local communities. Having worked with development projects involving various aspects of design, we have chosen to study projects with clear design goals as examples of how diverse the interpretation of the concept of design can be. These observations may stimulate an awareness of the important impact of notions of design in terms of innovation and cultural diversity and may even give rise to more research into these issues.
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UCHE, Okala Agwu, Charity Ngozi UZUEGBU, and Ijeoma Blessing UCHE. ""Strategies that Promote Sustainability of Community Development Projects in Southeast Nigeria"." Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, no. 68 E (February 24, 2023): 132–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/tras.68e.8.
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"Project sustainability is a concern for community development practitioners. An aspect of community development is sustainability which implies that benefits derived from executed projects are maintained and continue as long as the project exists. The strong commitment of the local people, leadership and other local resources are needed to resuscitate executed projects in the community. This study explores strategies for promoting the sustainability of community development projects in South east Nigeria. The study adopted cluster and purposive sampling techniques. A total of eight communities from four Local Government Areas (LGAs) from two states in Southeast Nigeria were sampled for the study. The Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) served as data collection instruments. The study sample size comprised 88 participants. The information produced for the research was analyzed thematically. Findings showed that while the numerous community development projects in the study areas can account for some developmental interest, they also created opportunities for neglect. To promote the sustainability of community development projects, a holistic approach is crucial and interventions must be indigenous and people-oriented. Also, social workers need to create dialogue forums with community members to help attain the goal of project sustainability. "
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Anees, Muneer, Syed Mustafa Hussain, Kamran Khan, and Agha Taqi Abbas. "Factors Affecting the Need for Feasibility Analysis (For Local Construction Projects)." Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology 8, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.v8i1.35.
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In Pakistan, the majority of the local constructionprojects are opted without feasibility analysis on the basis ofpreviously worked data without examining the current scenario.However, for foreign-funded project feasibility analysis alongwith standard guidelines is conducted, but in case of domesticallyfunded projects, it is often omitted. This research has uncoveredcritical factors affecting feasibility for the local constructionindustry of Pakistan. Field data are extracted from ongoingconstruction projects which are domestically funded. RelativeImportance Index (RII) analysis was carried out first to rank thefactors in terms of their perceived importance. Spearman’s rankcorrelation analysis was also done in this regard. The findings ofthe study might promote construction practitioners to focus onthe need for feasibility analysis for local projects too.
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BERGGREN, CHRISTIAN. "GLOBAL DREAMS — LOCAL TEAMS: RHETORIC AND REALITIES OF TRANSNATIONAL INNOVATION." International Journal of Innovation Management 08, no. 02 (June 2004): 115–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919604000976.
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This article challenges notions of transnational innovation and global project teams as imperatives for modern management of innovation. Proceeding from an account of the localised dynamics of a radical technology innovation project in the early 1970s, the article reviews the strategy theorists of the 1990s, who proclaimed the virtues of cross-border innovation processes. Their expectations of international synergies and world-wide learning are confronted with the realities and local harvesting in a transatlantic innovation project at a European multinational. An account follows of a radical innovation project at the firm, which was the scene of the introductory study. Now, 25 years later this industrial technology company had become part of a far-flung multinational, which according to popular management theorists was the model of international innovation. The case account highlights the surprising similarities between the two projects, and the sustained importance of intensive local interaction and commitment in uncertain innovation projects.
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OLKEN, BENJAMIN A. "Direct Democracy and Local Public Goods: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Indonesia." American Political Science Review 104, no. 2 (May 2010): 243–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055410000079.
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This article presents an experiment in which 49 Indonesian villages were randomly assigned to choose development projects through either representative-based meetings or direct election-based plebiscites. Plebiscites resulted in dramatically higher satisfaction among villagers, increased knowledge about the project, greater perceived benefits, and higher reported willingness to contribute. Changing the political mechanism had much smaller effects on the actual projects selected, with some evidence that plebiscites resulted in projects chosen by women being located in poorer areas. The results suggest that direct participation in political decision making can substantially increase satisfaction and legitimacy.
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Horiuchi, Kazuki. "Diverse interpretations enabling the continuity of community renewable energy projects: A case study of a woody biomass project in rural area of Japan." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 33, no. 8 (November 24, 2018): 822–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094218810651.
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Community renewable energy projects have captured significant attention due to their potential to tackle climate change by socially and economically empowering local societies. Recently, however, various difficulties in the continuity of such projects over extended periods of time have been reported. As a case study, this article explores a woody biomass project, planned and put into practice by local people, which has lasted for over 10 years. The article first examines the process of collective decision-making among members who have diverse motivations. It then focuses on how the project objectives have been interpreted by individual members, paying particular attention to each member’s practice. The article shows that decisions related to the project were based on the diverse and constant social interactions between members, which focused on their collaboration rather than overall quantitative goals. I argue, both theoretically and empirically, that this vagueness of the overall goals has enabled the project’s continuity. Based on their own practices, it has allowed each project member to interpret the project and to gain a sense of its success. Diversity of practices within a project leads to plural sets of values, which bring sustainability to a project running in an uncertain context.
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Charles, Shane. "A community's guide to best practice local content solutions." APPEA Journal 57, no. 2 (2017): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16056.
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One single coal seam gas (CSG) project can have a big effect on a region. When multiple projects are developed simultaneously, the hurdles for regional businesses to jump are many and varied, and each proponent of a CSG project has their own safety standards, pre-qualification requirements, unique systems and timeframes. This paper will look at the Surat Basin as a target area and provide a synopsis of how CSG projects in the region affected local communities. It will explore how a region with an in-depth knowledge of its own business community can work with proponents and contractors to deliver a better product, at a lower cost, with an arguably better safety record and less community interruption. Collected examples will show how a coordinated approach to local content can provide win–win outcomes for communities and industry.
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Pant, Ashish. "Problems and Prospects of Construction Projects Implemented through UCs: A Case Study of Mahalaxmi Municipality." Journal of Advanced Research in Construction and Urban Architecture 6, no. 2 (May 14, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2456.9925.202103.
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The concept of working through User Committees (UCs) is gaining popularity but very few studies about problems and prospects of implemented construction projects are carried out. Thus there is need of comprehensive study of construction projects implemented through UCs. The overall objective of the research was to assess problems and prospects of construction projects implemented through UCs in Mahalaxmi Municipality. The research attempted to assess awareness level of local residents, intensity of problems and status of completed projects. To meet these objectives, primary data were collected in Mahalaxmi Municipality. Questionnaire survey and field observations were done to collect primary data. Data were then analyzed and results were discussed. The most prominent prospect was functionality of completed projects. The other prospects were sound awareness level of local residents, environment friendly construction, satisfaction of local people in terms of time, cost and quality and beneficiaries’ contribution in the projects. Political interference during UCs formation was the most intense problem. Other problem areas identified were lack of maintenance fund, adoption of safety measures and procedures in construction project, discussion with beneficiaries about problem and solution to the work, transparency, work distribution and project book keeping.
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Mieg, Harald A. "University‐based projects for local sustainable development." International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 1, no. 1 (April 2000): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/1467630010307110.
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Millar, Annie. "Selecting Capital Investment Projects for Local Governments." Public Budgeting & Finance 8, no. 3 (January 1988): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-5850.00792.
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Whitesell, Melissa, and Marilyn M. Helms. "Changing Information Requirements for Local Company Projects." Journal of Business & Finance Librarianship 16, no. 2 (March 31, 2011): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08963568.2011.554773.
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Grossman, Lisa. "People power: How to ‘crowdfund’ local projects." New Scientist 216, no. 2893 (December 2012): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(12)63061-9.
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