Journal articles: 'Local peak'

1

KAWAI, Hiromasa. "Conical Vortex and Local Peak Suction." Wind Engineers, JAWE 2008, no. 116 (2008): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5359/jawe.2008.204.

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Johnson, Matthew P., Amotz Bar-Noy, Ou Liu, and Yi Feng. "Energy peak shaving with local storage." Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems 1, no. 3 (September 2011): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.suscom.2011.05.001.

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Biagetti, Matteo, Kwan Chuen Chan, Vincent Desjacques, and Aseem Paranjape. "Measuring non-local Lagrangian peak bias." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 441, no. 2 (May 8, 2014): 1457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu680.

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Garcez, Catherine A. Gucciardi. "Peak Oil and the New, Local Economy." Sustainability in Debate 4, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18472/sustdeb.v4n1.2013.9213.

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Fournier-Viger, Philippe, Yimin Zhang, Jerry Chun-Wei Lin, Hamido Fujita, and Yun Sing Koh. "Mining local and peak high utility itemsets." Information Sciences 481 (May 2019): 344–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2018.12.070.

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MAGGI, STEFANO, and SERGIO RINALDI. "SYNCHRONIZATION AND PEAK-TO-PEAK DYNAMICS IN NETWORKS OF LOW-DIMENSIONAL CHAOTIC OSCILLATORS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 16, no. 12 (December 2006): 3631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127406017026.

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In this paper we study the relationships between local and global properties in networks of dynamical systems by focusing on two global properties, synchronization and peak-to-peak dynamics, and on two local properties, coherence of the components of the network and coupling strength. The analysis is restricted to networks of low-dimensional chaotic oscillators, i.e. oscillators which have peak-to-peak dynamics when they work in isolation. The results are obtained through simulation, first by considering pairs of coupled Lorenz, Rössler and Chua systems, and then by studying the behavior of spatially extended tritrophic food chains described by the Rosenzweig–MacArthur model. The conclusion is that synchronization and peak-to-peak dynamics are different aspects of the same collective behavior, which is easily obtained by enhancing local coupling and coherence. The importance of these findings is briefly discussed within the context of ecological modeling.

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Singer, J., I. P. Gent, and A. Smaill. "Backbone Fragility and the Local Search Cost Peak." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 12 (May 1, 2000): 235–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.711.

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The local search algorithm WSat is one of the most successful algorithms for solving the satisfiability (SAT) problem. It is notably effective at solving hard Random 3-SAT instances near the so-called `satisfiability threshold', but still shows a peak in search cost near the threshold and large variations in cost over different instances. We make a number of significant contributions to the analysis of WSat on high-cost random instances, using the recently-introduced concept of the backbone of a SAT instance. The backbone is the set of literals which are entailed by an instance. We find that the number of solutions predicts the cost well for small-backbone instances but is much less relevant for the large-backbone instances which appear near the threshold and dominate in the overconstrained region. We show a very strong correlation between search cost and the Hamming distance to the nearest solution early in WSat's search. This pattern leads us to introduce a measure of the backbone fragility of an instance, which indicates how persistent the backbone is as clauses are removed. We propose that high-cost random instances for local search are those with very large backbones which are also backbone-fragile. We suggest that the decay in cost beyond the satisfiability threshold is due to increasing backbone robustness (the opposite of backbone fragility). Our hypothesis makes three correct predictions. First, that the backbone robustness of an instance is negatively correlated with the local search cost when other factors are controlled for. Second, that backbone-minimal instances (which are 3-SAT instances altered so as to be more backbone-fragile) are unusually hard for WSat. Third, that the clauses most often unsatisfied during search are those whose deletion has the most effect on the backbone. In understanding the pathologies of local search methods, we hope to contribute to the development of new and better techniques.

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Kawai, H. "Local peak pressure and conical vortex on building." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 90, no. 4-5 (May 2002): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6105(01)00218-5.

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Geng, L., J. Cole-Dai, B. Alexander, J. Erbland, J. Savarino, A. J. Schauer, E. J. Steig, P. Lin, Q. Fu, and M. C. Zatko. "On the origin of the occasional spring nitrate peak in Greenland snow." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 24 (December 16, 2014): 13361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13361-2014.

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Abstract. Ice core nitrate concentrations peak in the summer in both Greenland and Antarctica. Two nitrate concentration peaks in one annual layer have been observed some years in ice cores in Greenland from samples dating post-1900, with the additional nitrate peak occurring in the spring. The origin of the spring nitrate peak was hypothesized to be pollution transport from the mid-latitudes in the industrial era. We performed a case study on the origin of a spring nitrate peak in 2005 measured from a snowpit at Summit, Greenland, covering 3 years of snow accumulation. The effect of long-range transport of nitrate on this spring peak was excluded by using sulfate as a pollution tracer. The isotopic composition of nitrate (δ15N, δ18O and Δ17O) combined with photochemical calculations suggest that the occurrence of this spring peak is linked to a significantly weakened stratospheric ozone (O3) layer. The weakened O3 layer resulted in elevated UVB (ultraviolet-B) radiation on the snow surface, where the production of OH and NOx from the photolysis of their precursors was enhanced. Elevated NOx and OH concentrations resulted in enhanced nitrate production mainly through the NO2 + OH formation pathway, as indicated by decreases in δ18O and Δ17O of nitrate associated with the spring peak. We further examined the nitrate concentration record from a shallow ice core covering the period from 1772 to 2006 and found 19 years with double nitrate peaks after the 1950s. Out of these 19 years, 14 of the secondary nitrate peaks were accompanied by sulfate peaks, suggesting long-range transport of nitrate as their source. In the other 5 years, low springtime O3 column density was observed, suggesting enhanced local production of nitrate as their source. The results suggest that, in addition to direct transport of nitrate from polluted regions, enhanced local photochemistry can also lead to a spring nitrate peak. The enhanced local photochemistry is probably associated with the interannual variability of O3 column density in the Arctic, which leads to elevated surface UV radiation in some years. In this scenario, enhanced photochemistry caused increased local nitrate production under the condition of elevated local NOx abundance in the industrial era.

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Vafaei Sadr, A., and S. M. S. Movahed. "Clustering of local extrema in Planck CMB maps." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 815–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab368.

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ABSTRACT The clustering of local extrema will be exploited to examine Gaussianity, asymmetry, and the footprint of the cosmic-string network on the CMB observed by Planck. The number density of local extrema (npk for peak and ntr for trough) and sharp clipping (npix) statistics support the Gaussianity hypothesis for all component separations. However, the pixel at the threshold reveals a more consistent treatment with respect to end-to-end simulations. A very tiny deviation from associated simulations in the context of trough density, in the threshold range ϑ ∈ [−2–0] for NILC and CR component separations, are detected. The unweighted two-point correlation function, Ψ, of the local extrema illustrates good consistency between different component separations and corresponding Gaussian simulations for almost all available thresholds. However, for high thresholds, a small deficit in the clustering of peaks is observed with respect to the Planck fiducial ΛCDM model. To put a significant constraint on the amplitude of the mass function based on the value of Ψ around the Doppler peak (θ ≈ 70–75 arcmin), we should consider ϑ ≲ 0.0. The scale-independent bias factors for the peak above a threshold for large separation angle and high threshold level are in agreement with the value expected for a pure Gaussian CMB. Applying the npk, ntr, Ψpk − pk and Ψtr − tr measures on the tessellated CMB map with patches of 7.52 deg2 size prove statistical isotropy in the Planck maps. The peak clustering analysis puts the upper bound on the cosmic-string tension, Gμ(up) ≲ 5.59 × 10−7, in SMICA.

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Wu, Yue, Jiuxiang Dong, and Tieshan Li. "A peak-to-peak filtering for continuous Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems by a local method." Fuzzy Sets and Systems 402 (January 2021): 51–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fss.2020.02.008.

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Kang, Dujuan, Enrique N. Curchitser, and Anthony Rosati. "Seasonal Variability of the Gulf Stream Kinetic Energy." Journal of Physical Oceanography 46, no. 4 (April 2016): 1189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-15-0235.1.

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AbstractThe seasonal variability of the mean kinetic energy (MKE) and eddy kinetic energy (EKE) of the Gulf Stream (GS) is examined using high-resolution regional ocean model simulations. A set of three numerical experiments with different surface wind and buoyancy forcing is analyzed to investigate the mechanisms governing the seasonal cycle of upper ocean energetics. In the GS along-coast region, MKE has a significant seasonal cycle that peaks in summer, while EKE has two comparable peaks in May and September near the surface; the May peak decays rapidly with depth. In the off-coast region, MKE has a weak seasonal cycle that peaks in summer, while EKE has a dominant peak in May and a secondary peak in September near the surface. The May peak also decays with depth leaving the September peak as the only seasonal signal below 100 m. An analysis of the three numerical experiments suggests that the seasonal variability in the local wind forcing significantly impacts the September peak of the along-coast EKE through a local-flow barotropic instability process. Alternatively, the seasonal buoyancy forcing primarily impacts the flow baroclinic instability and is consequently related to the May peak of the upper ocean EKE in both regions. The analysis results indicate that the seasonal cycle of the along-coast MKE is influenced by both local energy generation by wind and the advection of energy from upstream regions. Finally, the MKE cycle and the September peak of EKE in the off-coast region are mainly affected by advection of energy from remote regions, giving rise to correlations with the seasonal cycle of remote winds.

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Katsumata, Akio, Hiroshi Ueno, Shigeki Aoki, Yasuhiro Yoshida, and Sergio Barrientos. "Rapid magnitude determination from peak amplitudes at local stations." Earth, Planets and Space 65, no. 8 (August 2013): 843–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5047/eps.2013.03.006.

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14

Kim, Wonsul, Yukio Tamura, and Akihito Yoshida. "Interference effects on local peak pressures between two buildings." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 99, no. 5 (May 2011): 584–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2011.02.007.

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15

Jain, K. "Number of adaptive steps to a local fitness peak." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 96, no. 5 (November 23, 2011): 58006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/96/58006.

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Cheng, Q., L. Li, and L. Wang. "Characterization of peak flow events with local singularity method." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 16, no. 4 (July 22, 2009): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-16-503-2009.

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Abstract. Three methods, return period, power-law frequency plot (concentration-area) and local singularity index, are introduced in the paper for characterizing peak flow events from river flow data for the past 100 years from 1900 to 2000 recorded at 25 selected gauging stations on rivers in the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) area, Canada. First a traditional method, return period, was applied to the maximum annual river flow data. Whereas the Pearson III distribution generally fits the values, a power-law frequency plot (C-A) on the basis of self-similarity principle provides an effective mean for distinguishing "extremely" large flow events from the regular flow events. While the latter show a power-law distribution, about 10 large flow events manifest departure from the power-law distribution and these flow events can be classified into a separate group most of which are related to flood events. It is shown that the relation between the average water releases over a time period after flow peak and the time duration may follow a power-law distribution. The exponent of the power-law or singularity index estimated from this power-law relation may be used to characterize non-linearity of peak flow recessions. Viewing large peak flow events or floods as singular processes can anticipate the application of power-law models not only for characterizing the frequency distribution of peak flow events, for example, power-law relation between the number and size of floods, but also for describing local singularity of processes such as power-law relation between the amount of water released versus releasing time. With the introduction and validation of singularity of peak flow events, alternative power-law models can be used to depict the recession property as well as other types of non-linear properties.

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Davies, Stephen, Moshe Eizenman, Subbarayan Pasupathy, Werner Muller, and Gary Slater. "Models of local behavior of DNA electrophoresis peak parameters." Electrophoresis 20, no. 7 (June 1, 1999): 1443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-2683(19990601)20:7<1443::aid-elps1443>3.0.co;2-z.

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Wu, Mo, Lin Chang, Xiubin Yang, Li Jiang, Meili Zhou, Suining Gao, and Qikun Pan. "Infrared Small Target Detection by Modified Density Peaks Searching and Local Gray Difference." Photonics 9, no. 5 (May 4, 2022): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9050311.

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Infrared small target detection is a challenging task with important applications in the field of remote sensing. The idea of density peaks searching for infrared small target detection has been proved to be effective. However, if high-brightness clutter is close to the target, the distance from the target pixel to the surrounding density peak will be very small, which easily leads to missing detection. In this paper, a new detection method, named modified density peaks searching and local gray difference (MDPS-LGD), is proposed. First, a local heterogeneity indicator is used as the density to suppress high-brightness clutter, and an iterative search is adopted to improve the efficiency in the process of searching for density peaks. Following this, a local feature descriptor named the local gray difference indicator (LGD) is proposed according to the local features of the target. In order to highlight the target, we extract the core area of the density peak by a random walker (RW) algorithm, and take the maximum response of the minimum gray difference element in the core region as the LGD of the density peak. Finally, targets are extracted using an adaptive threshold. Extensive experimental evaluation results in various real datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in both background suppression and target detection.

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Lin. "Accelerating Density Peak Clustering Algorithm." Symmetry 11, no. 7 (July 2, 2019): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11070859.

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The Density Peak Clustering (DPC) algorithm is a new density-based clustering method. It spends most of its execution time on calculating the local density and the separation distance for each data point in a dataset. The purpose of this study is to accelerate its computation. On average, the DPC algorithm scans half of the dataset to calculate the separation distance of each data point. We propose an approach to calculate the separation distance of a data point by scanning only the neighbors of the data point. Additionally, the purpose of the separation distance is to assist in choosing the density peaks, which are the data points with both high local density and high separation distance. We propose an approach to identify non-peak data points at an early stage to avoid calculating their separation distances. Our experimental results show that most of the data points in a dataset can benefit from the proposed approaches to accelerate the DPC algorithm.

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Gliński, Michał, Carsten Bojesen, Witold Rybiński, and Sebastian Bykuć. "Modelling of the Biomass mCHP Unit for Power Peak Shaving in the Local Electrical Grid." Energies 12, no. 3 (January 31, 2019): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030458.

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In the article, the method and algorithm for a control strategy of the operation of a micro combined heat and power (mCHP) unit and for reducing the power consumption peaks (peak shaving) are proposed and analyzed. Two scenarios of the mCHP’s operation, namely with and without the control strategy, are discussed. For calculation purposes, a boiler fired with wood pellets coupled with a Stirling engine, manufactured by ÖkoFEN, was used. These results were used to analyze two scenarios of the control strategy. In this study, the operation of mCHP was simulated using the energyPRO software. The application of this control strategy to dispersed mCHP systems allows for a very effective “peak shaving” in the local power grid. The results of calculation using the new algorithm show that the electricity generated by the mCHP system covers the total demand for power during the morning peak and reduces the evening peak by up to 71%. The application of this method also allows for a better reduction of the load of conventional grids, substations, and other equipment.

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A. Alturki, Fahd, Abdullrahman A. Al-Shamma’a, and Hassan M. H. Farh. "Simulations and dSPACE Real-Time Implementation of Photovoltaic Global Maximum Power Extraction under Partial Shading." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 3652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093652.

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Under partial shading conditions (PSCs), solar photovoltaic (PV) energy systems generate multiple peaks; one global peak (GP) and several local peaks (LPs). Thus, tracking the GP of the PV systems under PSCs is necessary to enhance the system reliability and efficiency. Conventional maximum power point tracker (MPPT) algorithms are capable of tracking the unique peak under uniform conditions but they fail to track the GP under PSCs. To the best of our knowledge, this paper represents the first study that introduces a comprehensive comparison of three efficient maximum power point tracker (MPPT) algorithms that are used to extract the GP of the PV system under both uniform and PSCs. These MPPT techniques include two metaheuristic techniques, which are cuckoo search optimization (CSO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques in addition to one conventional MPPT; perturb and observe (P&O). Although the simulation and dSPACE-based experimental results demonstrated the superiority of CSO and PSO in tracking the GP, CSO requires less tracking time and thus provides a higher efficiency than the PSO. In addition, P&O can be used to follow the first peak, regardless if it is a local peak or global peak with notable oscillation.

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Riccardi, Flavio, Marco Taoso, and Alfredo Urbano. "Solving peak theory in the presence of local non-gaussianities." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2021, no. 08 (August 1, 2021): 060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2021/08/060.

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Belhachemi, Rachid. "Local versus global peak sets in real-analytic convex boundaries." Pacific Journal of Mathematics 190, no. 1 (September 1, 1999): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/pjm.1999.190.1.

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Neubauer, A., S. Yochelis, I. Popov, A. Ben Hur, K. Gradkowski, U. Banin, and Y. Paltiel. "Local Cathode Luminescence Resonant Peak in Hybrid Organic Nanocrystal Systems." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 116, no. 29 (July 17, 2012): 15641–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp212198j.

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Larocca, Laura J., Yarrow Axford, Anders A. Bjørk, G. Everett Lasher, and Jeremy P. Brooks. "Local glaciers record delayed peak Holocene warmth in south Greenland." Quaternary Science Reviews 241 (August 2020): 106421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106421.

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Ahmad, Azkar Saeed, Xiangnan Zhao, Mingxiang Xu, Dongxian Zhang, Junwen Hu, Hans J. Fecht, Xiaodong Wang, Qingping Cao, and J. Z. Jiang. "Correlation Between Local Structure and Boson Peak in Metallic Glasses." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 186, no. 1-2 (October 14, 2016): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10909-016-1667-9.

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McCullagh, Nuala, Mark C. Neyrinck, István Szapudi, and Alexander S. Szalay. "REMOVING BARYON-ACOUSTIC-OSCILLATION PEAK SHIFTS WITH LOCAL DENSITY TRANSFORMS." Astrophysical Journal 763, no. 1 (January 2, 2013): L14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/763/1/l14.

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Heavens, A. F., and J. A. Peacock. "Angular Momentum Growth around Local Density Maxima." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 130 (1988): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900136812.

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We have calculated the growth of angular momentum about local density maxima at early epochs. We find that high peaks experience higher torques than low peaks, counteracting the short collapse time during which the high peaks can acquire angular momentum. Which effect is dominant depends on the perturbation power spectrum: for power spectra characteristic of both cold dark matter and hot dark matter, the effects nearly cancel, and the total angular momentum acquired by a collapsing object is almost independent of the height of the peak. Furthermore, the distributions of angular momenta acquired by collapsing protosystems are extremely broad, for all power spectra, far exceeding any modest differences between peaks of different height.These results indicate that it is not possible to account for the systematic differences in angular momentum properties of disk and elliptical galaxies simply by postulating that the latter arise from fluctuations of greater overdensity, contrary to some recent suggestions. The figure shows the probability distributions for the final angular momentum acquired by peaks of dimensionless height 1–4, for a power spectrum similar to cold dark matter. A fuller account of this work has been submitted to MNRAS.

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Liu, Chun Xia, and Li Qun Liu. "Particle Swarm Optimization MPPT Method for PV Materials in Partial Shading." Advanced Materials Research 321 (August 2011): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.321.72.

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Today, the large-scale Photovoltaic (PV) power system, connected to grid, is in their advanced development stage and is extremely interest in whole world. The real large-scale PV array can be partially shaded by the shadow of building, cloud, bird and dirt. The output characteristic of PV materials in partially shaded conditions is strong nonlinear, and there are multi local peaks in output power voltage curve, and the only one real peak exists in these local peaks. Certainly, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method is very important to extract the as much as possible energy from the costly PV materials. The variant weight Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method is proposed to track the real peak by using the excellent multi-peak value optimization characteristic of PSO algorithm. The simulation results shows that the proposed PSO method can improve the response speed and output efficiency of PV materials in partial shading as compared to the conventional Incremental conductance (IC) method.

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Wang, Xiao-Feng, and Yifan Xu. "Fast clustering using adaptive density peak detection." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 26, no. 6 (October 16, 2015): 2800–2811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280215609948.

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Common limitations of clustering methods include the slow algorithm convergence, the instability of the pre-specification on a number of intrinsic parameters, and the lack of robustness to outliers. A recent clustering approach proposed a fast search algorithm of cluster centers based on their local densities. However, the selection of the key intrinsic parameters in the algorithm was not systematically investigated. It is relatively difficult to estimate the “optimal” parameters since the original definition of the local density in the algorithm is based on a truncated counting measure. In this paper, we propose a clustering procedure with adaptive density peak detection, where the local density is estimated through the nonparametric multivariate kernel estimation. The model parameter is then able to be calculated from the equations with statistical theoretical justification. We also develop an automatic cluster centroid selection method through maximizing an average silhouette index. The advantage and flexibility of the proposed method are demonstrated through simulation studies and the analysis of a few benchmark gene expression data sets. The method only needs to perform in one single step without any iteration and thus is fast and has a great potential to apply on big data analysis. A user-friendly R package ADPclust is developed for public use.

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Becker, Catherine Nisbett. "Professionals on the Peak." Science in Context 22, no. 3 (September 2009): 487–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026988970999010x.

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ArgumentThe administration of mountain expeditions from the ground created special managerial problems. The Harvard College Observatory's Boyden Expeditions of 1887–1890 sent men and materiel to three sites: Pike's Peak, Colorado; Mount Wilson, California; and Chosica, Peru. Their goal was to test sites in order to find a suitable site for a permanent Boyden station to conduct astrophysical work in service of Harvard's preexisting projects. The logistical difficulties of living on the mountainside combined with the organizational difficulties of administrating a station at a distance. The men who lived on the mountain were professionally vulnerable, and often cut off from their home observatory both by the weather conditions at their own altitude and local politics on the ground below them. Only when an unbroken line of communication could be established between the mountain station and the Harvard Observatory could the astronomers on both ends work together to create a successful expedition.

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BERGER, ARNO, and LEONID A. BUNIMOVICH. "CHAOS IN SPATIALLY EXTENDED SYSTEMS VIA THE PEAK-CROSSING BIFURCATION." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 15, no. 11 (November 2005): 3607–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812740501426x.

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Individual sites in spatially extended systems of coupled identical maps may exhibit chaotic behavior even if their intrinsic (local) dynamics is regular and stable. For this to happen it is imperative that the spatial interactions are sufficiently strong. So far, this scenario of generating chaos from simple local dynamics has been established rigorously only for special, very narrow classes of local maps. The present article largely extends previous results by showing that the corresponding mechanism of peak-crossing is in fact very general and robust: whenever the local map is sufficiently expanding and exhibits a horseshoe then the emergence of spatial intermittency will be observed in the form of chaotically oscillating sites surrounded by quasi-regular clusters. The results firmly establish peak-crossing as a natural scenario on the route to spacetime chaos.

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Tao, Xinmin, Wenjie Guo, Chao Ren, Qing Li, Qing He, Rui Liu, and Junrong Zou. "Density peak clustering using global and local consistency adjustable manifold distance." Information Sciences 577 (October 2021): 769–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2021.08.036.

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Yan, Zujing, Peiyao Xi, Man Luo, and Yunhong Xin. "Infrared Small Target Detection Algorithm Based on Local Spatial Gradient Peak." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2242, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2242/1/012017.

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Abstract A sparse infrared small target detection algorithm based on local spatial gradient peaks is proposed to deal with the problem of slow running speed and edge sensitivity in low-rank decomposition methods.The detection steps are as follows. In the first step, the image expansion operation is used for preprocessing. We use the circular structure element to sharpen the edges of targets and smooth the background noise. Then, the saliency gradient features of the target local region are applied to calculate the overlapping gradient information of the image after expansion. The local area with a larger gradient peak is located in the original image, and the selected local area is considered to be the region of interest with candidate targets. Finally, we use the advanced accelerated proximal gradient algorithm to perform matrix decomposition in the extracted local regions of interest to extract sparse infrared small targets. Extensive experimental results under real scenarios illustrated that compared with the baseline low-rank sparse decomposition method, the proposed approach runs faster and shows superior detection performance in the comprehensive evaluation index.

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Halouani, Borhen. "Local Peak Sets in Weakly Pseudoconvex Boundaries in \mathbb{C}^n." Annales de la faculté des sciences de Toulouse Mathématiques 18, no. 3 (2009): 577–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5802/afst.1215.

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Desmet, L., and I. Gijbels. "Curve Fitting Under Jump and Peak Irregularities Using Local Linear Regression." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 40, no. 22 (November 15, 2011): 4001–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2010.503949.

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Berry, S., M. Konczykowski, P. H. Kes, and E. Zeldov. "Local magnetic relaxation close to the second peak in BSCCO crystals." Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 282-287 (August 1997): 2259–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(97)80005-6.

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ICHIKAWA, O., T. FUKUDA, and M. NISHIMURA. "Local Peak Enhancement for In-Car Speech Recognition in Noisy Environment." IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E91-D, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietisy/e91-d.3.635.

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Zhou, Heng Jun, Ming Yan Jiang, and Xian Ye Ben. "Niche Brain Storm Optimization Algorithm for Multi-Peak Function Optimization." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 1626–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.1626.

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Brain Storm Optimization (BSO) is a novel proposed swarm intelligence optimization algorithm which has a fast convergent speed. However, it is easy to trap into local optimal. In this paper, a new model based on niche technology, which is named Niche Brain Storm Optimization (NBSO), is proposed to overcome the shortcoming of BSO. Niche technology effectively prevents premature and maintains population diversity during the evolution process. NBSO shows excellent performance in searching global value and finding multiple global and local optimal solutions for the multi-peak problems. Several benchmark functions are introduced to evaluate its performance. Experimental results show that NBSO performs better than BSO in global searching ability and faster than Niche Genetic Algorithm (NGA) in finding peaks for multi-peak function.

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40

Chaurasia, G. S., Sanjay Agrawal, and N. K. Sharma. "Comparative Analysis of Various MPPT-Techniques for Optimization of Solar-PVEC System." Global Journal of Enterprise Information System 9, no. 3 (September 27, 2017): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/gjeis/2017/15869.

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<p>The paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of various MPPT Technique under various environmental condition. The photovoltaic array having non-linear power voltage characteristic and under non-uniform irradiances. It shows a many peaks which have many local peaks and one global peak. For getting a global peak among all local peaks, MPPT play an important role in PV system. Therefore a technique like maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is required to optimize the performance. Here the comparison of hill climbing perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm technique, incremental and conductance (I&C) control algorithm, the drift free P&O algorithm technique are discussed in detail with simulation and simultaneously some other intelligent control techniques comparison are given briefly which help the researcher to ease in selecting the appropriate algorithm for specific application.</p>

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Medow, Marvin S., Arun Aggarwal, Ila Baugham, Zachary Messer, and Julian M. Stewart. "Modulation of the axon-reflex response to local heat by reactive oxygen species in subjects with chronic fatigue syndrome." Journal of Applied Physiology 114, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00821.2012.

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Local cutaneous heating causes vasodilation as an initial first peak, a nadir, and increase to plateau. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulate the heat plateau in healthy controls. The initial peak, due to C-fiber nociceptor-mediated axon reflexes, is blunted with local anesthetics and may serve as a surrogate for the cutaneous response to peripheral heat. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) subjects report increased perception of pain. To determine the role of ROS in this neurally mediated response, we evaluated changes in cutaneous blood flow from local heat in nine CFS subjects (16–22 yr) compared with eight healthy controls (18–26 yr). We heated skin to 42°C and measured local blood flow as a percentage of maximum cutaneous vascular conductance (%CVCmax). Although CFS subjects had significantly lower baseline flow [8.75 ± 0.56 vs. 12.27 ± 1.07 (%CVCmax, CFS vs. control)], there were no differences between groups to local heat. We then remeasured this with apocynin to inhibit NADPH oxidase, allopurinol to inhibit xanthine oxidase, tempol to inhibit superoxide, and ebselen to reduce H2O2. Apocynin significantly increased baseline blood flow (before heat, 14.91 ± 2.21 vs. 8.75 ± 1.66) and the first heat peak (69.33 ± 3.36 vs. 59.75 ± 2.75). Allopurinol and ebselen only enhanced the first heat peaks (71.55 ± 2.48 vs. 61.72 ± 2.01 and 76.55 ± 5.21 vs. 58.56 ± 3.66, respectively). Tempol had no effect on local heating. None of these agents changed the response to local heat in control subjects. Thus the response to heat may be altered by local levels of ROS, particularly H2O2 in CFS subjects, and may be related to their hyperesthesia/hyperalgesia.

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Sani, S., G. A. Olarinoye, and P. U. Okorie. "Modelling and Analysis of Photovoltaic System under Partially Shaded Conditions using Improved Harmony Search Algorithm." Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 17, no. 4 (March 11, 2021): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v17i4.4.

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With the increasing penetration of solar electricity in residential, institutional and commercial centres around the globe, the phenomenon of partial shading (PS) in Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is gaining attention. Under Partial shading condition (PSC), cells that are shaded tends to have an equivalent current with cells that are unshaded in series-connection, due to this, the shaded cells operates in reverse bias and consequently becomes load and consumes the generated power. This causes a serious problem known as hotspot. This is characterized by the presence of excessive heat which consequently reduces the total generated power. Recently, researchers use the technique of bypass diodes across the PV cells so that the problem of partial shading can be reduced, but this solution taken alone, has made the nonlinearity and complexity of the system to increase. The shaded cells generate multiple peaks with only one global peak. Conventional Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms do not differentiates the global peak from local peaks which may end up tracking local peak as global peak, this results in serious power loss. This paper seeks to solve this problem by modelling a PV system under PSC and through the application of Improved Harmony Search algorithm (IHSA) and variable step Perturb & Observe (P&O) to track the global peak instead of local peaks. Simulation was done in MATLAB/Simulink 2018a environment, and the results under standard test condition (STC) and PSC showed that the proposed IHSA had an improvement of 25%, 3.17% and 2.27%, 3.07% and 2.21%, 3.26% and 2.26% when compared with the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) under STC and PSC conditions respectively, which had a better advantage of minimizing power oscillation and improving the efficiency of the system, improved MPPT tracking, reduced error and a better tracking efficiency in both conditions. Keywords: MPPT, photovoltaic system, partial shading, tracking efficiency, Harmony search algorithm

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Abadie, Stephane Marc, and Cyril Mokrani. "ON THE INFLUENCE OF BREAKING WAVE LOCAL GEOMETRY ON IMPULSIVE LOADS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 25, 2012): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.waves.61.

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In this paper, we study the wave impact process with a multi-fluid Navier-Stokes model (THETIS). Preliminary simulations have been conducted, first on a plunging wave generated by unstable Stokes initial condition, and second, involving a dam breaking bore impact. In both cases, a convergence study shows pressure peak results instability when using different meshes. This is due to the incapacity of the model to ensure, after a certain time of computation, the exact same surface profile at impact when simulating a specific case with different meshes. This instable numerical behavior is somehow similar to peak pressure instabilities observed in experiments. This similarity shows the critical role played by local free surface shape at impact on impulsive loads. When initializing the model with a specific interface right at impact, convergence is observed and the pressure peaks are correctly assessed by the code for moderate intensity impact. However, further improvements are still needed especially regarding the interface tracking technique to simulate the most violent impacts involving the weaker dead rise angles. The paper also encourages us to use numerical simulations preferably to study impact flow at local scale.

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Herget, J., T. Roggenkamp, and M. Krell. "Estimation of peak discharges of historical floods." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 10 (October 13, 2014): 4029–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4029-2014.

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Abstract. There is no doubt that the hazard assessment of future floods, especially under consideration of recent environmental change, can be significantly improved by the consideration of historic flood events. While flood frequency inventories on local, regional and even European scale have already been developed and published, the estimation of their magnitudes indicated by discharges is still challenging. Such data are required due to significant human impacts on river channels and floodplains, though historic flood levels cannot be related to recent ones or recent discharges. Based on experiences from single local key studies, we present the general outline of an approach to estimate the discharge of the previous flood based on handed-down flood level and topographic data. The model for one-dimensional steady flow is based on the empirical Manning equation for the mean flow velocity. Background and potential sources of information, acceptable simplifications and data transformation for each element of the model equation are explained and discussed. Preliminary experiences regarding the accuracy of ±10% are documented, and potential approaches for the validation of individual estimations are given. A brief discussion of benefits and limitations, including a generalized statement on alternative approaches, concludes the review of the approach.

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45

Farh, Hassan, Mohd Othman, Ali Eltamaly, and M. Al-Saud. "Maximum Power Extraction from a Partially Shaded PV System Using an Interleaved Boost Converter." Energies 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2018): 2543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102543.

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The partially shaded photovoltaic (PSPV) condition reduces the generated power and contributes to hot spot problems that may lead to breakdown of shaded modules. PSPV generates multiple peak, one global one and many other local peaks. Many efficient, accurate and reliable maximum power point tracker (MPPT) techniques are used to track the global peak instead of local peaks. The proposed technique is not limited to global peak tracking, but rather it is capable of tracking the sum of all peaks of the PV arrays using an interleaved boost converter (IBC). The proposed converter has been compared with the state of the art conventional control method that uses a conventional boost converter (CBC). The converters used in the two PSPV systems are interfaced with electric utility using a three-phase inverter. The simulation findings prove superiority of the PSPV with IBC compared to the one using CBC in terms of power quality, reliability, mismatch power loss, DC-link voltage stability, efficiency and flexibility. Also, IBC alleviates partial shading effects and extracts higher power compared to the one using CBC. The results have shown a remarkable increase in output generated power of a PSPV system for the three presented scenarios of partial shading by 61.6%, 30.3% and 13%, respectively, when CBC is replaced by IBC.

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CASTELLANO, C., F. CORDERO, R. CANTELLI, C. MENEGHINI, S. MOBILIO, D. D. SARMA, and M. FERRETTI. "DYNAMICS AND LOCAL STRUCTURE OF COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE MANGANITES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 14, no. 25n27 (October 30, 2000): 2725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979200002454.

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We report Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure and anelastic spectroscopy measurements on hole doped manganese oxides La 1-x Ca x MnO 3 which present the colossal magnetoresistance effect. EXAFS measurements were realized both in the absence and presence of an applied magnetic field of 1.1 Tesla, in a wide temperature range (between 330 and 77 K) and at various dopings (x = 0.25 and x = 0.33). The magnetic field orders the magnetic moments so favouring the electron mobility and the reduction of Mn-O octahedra distortions. We observe the presence of four short and two long Mn-O distances (1.93 and 2.05Å respectively) above and also below the metal-insulator phase transition. The overall distortion decreases but does not completely disappear in the metallic phase suggesting the possible coexistence of metallic and insulating regions at low temperatures. The magnetic field reduces the lattice distortions showing evidence of a microscopic counterpart of the macroscopic colossal magnetoresistance. We also present preliminary anelastic relaxation spectra in a wide temperature range from 900 K to 1 K on a sample with x = 0.40, in order to study the structural phase transitions and the lattice dynamics. A double peak has been observed at the metal-insulator transition in the imaginary part of Young's modulus. This double peak indicates that the metal-insulator transition could be a more complex phenomenon than a simple second order phase transition. In particular the peak at lower temperatures can be connected with the possible presence of inhomogeneous phase structures. Another intense dissipation peak has been observed corresponding to the structural orthorhombic-trigonal transition around 750 K.

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Pay, María Teresa, Gotzon Gangoiti, Marc Guevara, Sergey Napelenok, Xavier Querol, Oriol Jorba, and Carlos Pérez García-Pando. "Ozone source apportionment during peak summer events over southwestern Europe." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 8 (April 25, 2019): 5467–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5467-2019.

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Abstract. It is well established that in Europe, high O3 concentrations are most pronounced in southern/Mediterranean countries due to the more favourable climatological conditions for its formation. However, the contribution of the different sources of precursors to O3 formation within each country relative to the imported (regional and hemispheric) O3 is poorly quantified. This lack of quantitative knowledge prevents local authorities from effectively designing plans that reduce the exceedances of the O3 target value set by the European air quality directive. O3 source attribution is a challenge because the concentration at each location and time results not only from local biogenic and anthropogenic precursors, but also from the transport of O3 and precursors from neighbouring regions, O3 regional and hemispheric transport and stratospheric O3 injections. The main goal of this study is to provide a first quantitative estimation of the contribution of the main anthropogenic activity sectors to peak O3 events in Spain relative to the contribution of imported (regional and hemispheric) O3. We also assess the potential of our source apportionment method to improve O3 modelling. Our study applies and thoroughly evaluates a countrywide O3 source apportionment method implemented in the CALIOPE air quality forecast system for Spain at high resolution (4 × 4 km2) over a 10-day period characterized by typical summer conditions in the Iberian Peninsula (IP). The method tags both O3 and its gas precursor emissions from source sectors within one simulation, and each tagged species is subject to the typical physico-chemical processes (advection, vertical mixing, deposition, emission and chemistry) as the actual conditions remain unperturbed. We quantify the individual contributions of the largest NOx local sources to high O3 concentrations compared with the contribution of imported O3. We show, for the first time, that imported O3 is the largest input to the ground-level O3 concentration in the IP, accounting for 46 %–68 % of the daily mean O3 concentration during exceedances of the European target value. The hourly imported O3 increases during typical northwestern advections (70 %–90 %, 60–80 µg m−3), and decreases during typical stagnant conditions (30 %–40 %, 30–60 µg m−3) due to the local NO titration. During stagnant conditions, the local anthropogenic precursors control the O3 peaks in areas downwind of the main urban and industrial regions (up to 40 % in hourly peaks). We also show that ground-level O3 concentrations are strongly affected by vertical mixing of O3-rich layers present in the free troposphere, which result from local/regional layering and accumulation, and continental/hemispheric transport. Indeed, vertical mixing largely explains the presence of imported O3 at ground level in the IP. Our results demonstrate the need for detailed quantification of the local and remote contributions to high O3 concentrations for local O3 management, and show O3 source apportionment to be an essential analysis prior to the design of O3 mitigation plans in any non-attainment area. Achieving the European O3 objectives in southern Europe requires not only ad hoc local actions but also decided national and European-wide strategies.

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48

Murthy, V. N., and E. E. Fetz. "Synchronization of neurons during local field potential oscillations in sensorimotor cortex of awake monkeys." Journal of Neurophysiology 76, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 3968–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.6.3968.

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1. The neural activity associated with 20- to 40-Hz oscillations in sensorimotor cortex of awake monkeys was investigated by recording action potentials of single and multiple units. At a given site, activity of many units became synchronized with local field potential (LFP) oscillations. Cycle-triggered histograms (CTHs) of unit spikes aligned on cycles of LFP oscillations indicated that about two thirds of the recorded units (n = 268) were entrained with LFP oscillations. On average, units had the highest probability of spiking 2.7 ms before peak LFP negativity, corresponding to a -27.6 degrees phase shift relative to the negative peak of the LFP. 2. The average relative modulation amplitude (RMA), defined as the ratio of amplitude of oscillatory component of CTH and the baseline multiplied by 100, was 45 +/- 27% (mean +/- SD). The RMAs of single units did not differ significantly from those of multiple units. 3. Phase shifts and RMAs did not vary systematically with the cortical depth of recorded units. 4. Autocorrelation histograms (ACHs) of entrained units exhibited clear 20- to 40-Hz periodicity if they were compiled with spikes that occurred during oscillatory episodes in LFPs. ACHs of spikes outside oscillatory episodes usually did not show periodicity. Global ACHs of all spikes typically showed weak or no evidence of periodic activity. 5. Cross-correlation histograms (CCHs) between pairs of units complied with all spikes, whether they occurred during or outside LFP oscillations, seldom revealed significant features (19 of 134 pairs or 14%). However, CCHs compiled with spikes that occurred during oscillatory episodes (OS-CCHs) had significant features in 67 of 134 pairs recorded ipsilaterally; in these 67 cases, units at both sites showed modulation in CTHs. 6. The latencies of the OS-CCH peaks (taking the medial unit as reference) were normally distributed about a mean of -0.5 +/- 13 ms. Normalized peak height of CCHs (peak/baseline x 100) was, on average, 14.3 +/- 11.2%. Peak latency and normalized peak amplitude did not change significantly with horizontal separation of recorded precentral pairs up to 14 mm. 7. Units in the left and right hemispheres could become synchronized during oscillations. Significant features in OS-CCH were detected in 22 of 42 pairs of units recorded bilaterally. The average peak latency was 0.2 +/- 8.0 ms and the average normalized peak amplitude was 10 +/- 8%. These parameters did not differ significantly from those for ipsilateral OS-CCHs. 8. Oscillations tended to affect both the temporal structure and net rate of unit firing. For each unit, the firing rate was clamped to a narrow range of frequencies during oscillatory episodes. The coefficient of variation (SD/mean) of firing rates was significantly reduced during oscillatory episodes compared with prior rates (P < 0.001, paired t-test). However, the overall mean firing rate of each unit during all oscillatory episodes did not differ from its average rate immediately before the episodes. Thus oscillatory episodes tended to clamp mean firing rates to the cells' average rates outside episodes. 9. The strength of synchronization between units during oscillatory episodes was unrelated to their involvement in the task. For pairs of precentral units recorded ipsilaterally, the probability of occurrence of significant features in the OS-CCH was slightly larger when both units of the pair were task related (33 of 56 pairs or 59%) than when only one unit was task related (20 of 39 pairs or 51%) or neither unit was task related (7 of 16 or 44%). However, these differences were not statistically significant. The magnitude of the correlation peak and the latency to peak were also not significantly different for the three cases. 10. These results suggest that units across wide regions can become transiently synchronized specifically during LFP oscillations, even if their spikes are uncorrelated during nonoscillatory periods.

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Ye, Fenghua, Huan Ye, and Xiaozhi Wang. "Design and experimental verification of a perfect dual-band optical metamaterial absorber." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 08 (March 20, 2017): 1750047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917500476.

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A perfect dual-band optical absorber is designed and measured. A low absorption peak (P1) and two high absorption peaks (P2 and P3) are obtained. The P1 peak is excited by the resonance of internal surface plasmon (ISP) mode. The P2 peak is resulted by the coupling of local surface plasma (LSP) modes and the resonance of ISP mode. The P3 peak is excited by the resonance of ISP mode. The damping constant of the gold film is optimization calculated in simulations. Measured results indicate that high absorption performed is obtained with different dielectric layers. The measured metamaterial absorber displays high absorption performed at TM and TE configurations. Moreover, the proposed metamaterial absorber is sensitivity on the change of the refractive index of the environmental media.

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50

Herget, J., T. Roggenkamp, and M. Krell. "Estimation of peak discharges of historical floods." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 5 (May 23, 2014): 5463–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-5463-2014.

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Abstract. There is no doubt, that the hazard assessment of future floods especially under consideration of the recent environmental change can be significantly improved by the consideration of historic flood events. While flood frequency inventories on local, regional and even European scale are already developed and published, the estimation of their magnitudes indicated by discharges is still challenging. Such data are required due to significant human impact on river channels and floodplains though historic flood levels cannot be related to recent ones or recent discharges. Based on own experiences from single local key studies the general outline of an approach to estimate the discharge of the previous flood based on handed down flood level and topographic data is presented. The model for one-dimensional steady flow is based on the empirical Manning equation for the mean flow velocity. Background and potential sources of information, acceptable simplifications and data transformation for each element of the model-equation are explained and discussed. Preliminary experiences on the accuracy of ±10% are documented and potential approaches for the validation of individual estimations given. A brief discussion on benefits and limitations including a generalized statement on alternative approaches closes the review presentation of the approach.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Local peak'

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