Journal articles on the topic 'Local or regional seismology'
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1
Koper, Keith D. "The Importance of Regional Seismic Networks in Monitoring Nuclear Test-Ban Treaties." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 2A (October 2, 2019): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190160.
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Abstract The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) prohibits the testing of all nuclear weapons, no matter how small. Although the CTBT is not yet in force, its verification is supported by the International Monitoring System (IMS), which is about 90% complete. Using IMS data, seismologists are able to detect well-coupled underground nuclear explosions with yields larger than ∼0.5–1 kt anywhere in the world with high confidence. Lowering the detection threshold significantly, say to yields of 10−4–10−1 kt fully coupled, will require augmenting IMS data with records from thousands of seismometers that are deployed in various regional, national, and global networks. It will also require routine analysis (detection, location, and characterization) of small seismic events (M 0–3) that are well recorded only at local distances (<150–200 km). This is the same problem faced by operators of regional seismic networks, who are tasked with developing earthquake catalogs as complete as possible without contamination from explosions and other nonearthquake sources. In the future, verification seismology is likely to become increasingly intertwined with the data, methods, and expertise of regional seismic network operators. Here, I highlight some of the important contributions to verification seismology that have recently been made using data recorded by regional seismic networks in North America, with a focus on small events recorded at local distances.
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Ponasenko, S. N., P. A. Dergach, S. V. Yaskevich, and A. A. Duchkov. "Results of local seismological monitoring in the Lena delta region." Russian Journal of Geophysical Technologies, no. 1 (December 14, 2022): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18303/2619-1563-2022-1-76.
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Refinement of the geodynamic situation in the area of the Lena River delta is relevant for understanding local geological processes. Previously, source seismology for this area was provided only by remote regional seismic stations. This paper shows the results of processing data from detailed seismological observations for 2018–2021. The distribution of earthquake hypocenters and their focal mechanisms are presented. The results of processing largely confirm the a priori geological data and do not contradict the results of regional observations. The accumulation of earthquakes in the area of the Kharaulakh Range most likely refers to the Primorsky Fault, which extends along the coast of the Bykovskaya channel. According to geological studies, the Primorsky Fault is a fault, which is confirmed by the focal mechanisms of earthquake sources in this area.
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Yuan, Shihao, Andreino Simonelli, Chin-Jen Lin, Felix Bernauer, Stefanie Donner, Thomas Braun, Joachim Wassermann, and Heiner Igel. "Six Degree-of-Freedom Broadband Ground-Motion Observations with Portable Sensors: Validation, Local Earthquakes, and Signal Processing." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 110, no. 3 (May 12, 2020): 953–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120190277.
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ABSTRACT The additional observation of three components of rotational ground motions has benefits for tilt-seismometer coupling (e.g., ocean-bottom seismometry and volcano seismology), local site characterization, wavefield separation, source inversion, glacial and planetary seismology, as well as the monitoring of structural health. Field applications have been mostly hampered by the lack of portable sensors with appropriate broadband operation range and weak-motion sensitivity. Here, we present field observations of the first commercial portable broadband rotation sensor specifically designed for seismology. The sensor is a three-component fiber-optic gyro strictly sensitive to ground rotation only. The sensor field performance and records are validated by comparing it with both array-derived rotation measurements and a navigation-type gyro. We present observations of the 2018 Mw 5.4 Hualien earthquake and the 2016 central Italy earthquake sequence. Processing collocated rotation and classical translation records shows the potential in retrieving wave propagation direction and local structural velocity from point measurements comparable to small-scale arrays of seismic stations. We consider the availability of a portable, broadband, high sensitivity, and low self-noise rotation sensor to be a milestone in seismic instrumentation. Complete and accurate ground-motion observations (assuming a rigid base plate) are possible in the near, local, or regional field, opening up a wide range of seismological applications.
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Larsen, Tine B., Trine Dahl-Jensen, Peter Voss, Thomas Møller Jørgensen, Søren Gregersen, and Hans Peter Rasmussen. "Earthquake seismology in Greenland – improved data with multiple applications." Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin 10 (November 29, 2006): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v10.4910.
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Earthquake seismology is a rapidly evolving field that has provided a wealth of new information about deep geological structures on a regional scale over the last decade as well as information about dynamic processes in the Earth. A major leap forward was the development of portable digital broad band (BB) seismographs around 1990. Without any changes in configuration, these are able to record the signals from large distant earthquakes, as well as the signals from weak local events. BB seismographs typically cover a frequency range from 0.0083 Hz to 50 Hz, making them useful for studies ranging from the high frequency signals from explosions to the very low frequency oscillations following major earthquakes. The first seismological observatory in Greenland was established in 1907 in Qeqertarsuaq (GDH) and was in service for about five years (Hjelme 1996). Later, seismographs were established in Ivittut (1927) and Illoqqortoormiut (1928; SCO), and the network has been regularly upgraded and expanded ever since (Fig. 1). Prior to the development of BB seismographs, each station was equipped with a set of seismographs with different frequency sensitivities in an attempt to cover both distant and local earthquakes. Now just one small instrument is needed at each location. The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) operates four permanent BB seismographs in Greenland (Fig. 1), two of them in collaboration with foreign institutions. In addition to the permanent network, there are currently 13 temporary BB seismographs active in Greenland, of which eight are operated by GEUS. Three of the temporary seismograph stations were established as part of the Danish Continental Shelf Project (Marcussen et al. 2004), and the remainder in connection with research projects. Three temporary seismographs were deployed during 2005 as part of a research project aiming to resolve very deep regional structures in North Greenland: the Citronen Fjord station (CFJ, Continental Shelf Project), and the stations in Kullorsuaq (KUL) and Daneborg (DBG).
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Rudziński, Łukasz, Stanisław Lasocki, Beata Orlecka-Sikora, Jan Wiszniowski, Dorota Olszewska, Jakub Kokowski, and Janusz Mirek. "Integrating Data under the European Plate Observing System from the Regional and Selected Local Seismic Networks in Poland." Seismological Research Letters 92, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 1717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200354.
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Abstract High-quality and open-access seismic data are of great importance for both research and increasing public awareness of actual seismic hazards and risks. We present four seismic networks that currently operate in Poland: the backbone Polish Seismological Network (PLSN), which monitors natural teleseismic events as well as regional events from Poland, and three networks that mainly serve the monitoring of anthropogenic seismicity. The acquired data from all four networks are openly available through the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) Information Technology (IT) facilities: the PLSN data within the Observatories and Research Facilities for European Seismology–European Integrated Data Archive and the anthropogenic seismicity data episodes through the induced seismicity-EPOS platform of EPOS Thematic Core Service Anthropogenic Hazards. For each network, we describe briefly the recorded seismic activity, the equipment and composition of the network, the acquisition system, and the data availability. Information from recent studies is used to demonstrate the scientific potential of the acquired anthropogenic seismicity data.
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Zhan, Zhongwen. "Distributed Acoustic Sensing Turns Fiber‐Optic Cables into Sensitive Seismic Antennas." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190112.
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Abstract Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is a new, relatively inexpensive technology that is rapidly demonstrating its promise for recording earthquake waves and other seismic signals in a wide range of research and public safety arenas. It should significantly augment present seismic networks. For several important applications, it should be superior. It employs ordinary fiber‐optic cables, but not as channels for data among separate sophisticated instruments. With DAS, the hair‐thin glass fibers themselves are the sensors. Internal natural flaws serve as seismic strainmeters, kinds of seismic detector. Unused or dark fibers are common in fiber cables widespread around the globe, or in dedicated cables designed for special application, are appropriate for DAS. They can sample passing seismic waves at locations every few meters or closer along paths stretching for tens of kilometers. DAS arrays should enrich the three major areas of local and regional seismology: earthquake monitoring, imaging of faults and many other geologic formations, and hazard assessment. Recent laboratory and field results from DAS tests underscore its broad bandwidth and high‐waveform fidelity. Thus, while still in its infancy, DAS already has shown itself as the working heart—or perhaps ear drums—of a valuable new seismic listening tool. My colleagues and I expect rapid growth of applications. We further expect it to spread into such frontiers as ocean‐bottom seismology, glacial and related cryoseismology, and seismology on other solar system bodies.
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Kumar, Rajiv, Ram Bichar Singh Yadav, and Silvia Castellaro. "Regional Earthquake Magnitude Conversion Relations for the Himalayan Seismic Belt." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 6 (September 16, 2020): 3195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200204.
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Abstract We present regional earthquake magnitude conversion relations among different magnitude scales (Mw, Ms, mb, ML, and MD) for the Himalayan seismic belt developed from data of local, regional, and international seismological agencies (International Seismological Centre [ISC], National Earthquake Information Centre [NEIC], Global Centroid Moment Tensor Solution [CMT], International Data Centre [IDC], China Earthquake Administration [BJI], and National Centre for Seismology [NDI]). The intra- (within the same magnitude scale) and inter- (with different magnitude scales) magnitude regression relations have been established using the general orthogonal regression and orthogonal distance regression techniques. Results show that the intra-magnitude relations for Mw, Ms, and mb reported by the Global CMT, ISC, and NEIC exhibit 1:1 relationships, whereas ML reported by the IDC, BJI, and NDI deviates from this relationship. The IDC underestimates Ms and mb compared with the ISC, NEIC, and Global CMT; this may be due to different measurement procedures adopted by the IDC agency. The inter-magnitude relations are established between Mw,Global CMT and Ms, mb, and ML reported by the ISC, NEIC, IDC, and NDI, and compared with the previously developed regional and global regression relations. The duration (MD) and local (ML) magnitudes reported by NDI exhibit a 1:1 relationship. The derived magnitude regression relations are expected to support the homogenization of the earthquake catalogs and to improve seismic hazard assessment in this region.
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White, Malcolm C. A., Hongjian Fang, Nori Nakata, and Yehuda Ben-Zion. "PyKonal: A Python Package for Solving the Eikonal Equation in Spherical and Cartesian Coordinates Using the Fast Marching Method." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 4 (June 3, 2020): 2378–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190318.
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Abstract This article introduces PyKonal: a new open-source Python package for computing travel times and tracing ray paths in 2D or 3D heterogeneous media using the fast marching method for solving the eikonal equation in spherical and Cartesian coordinates. Compiled with the Cython compiler framework, PyKonal offers a Python application program interface (API) with execution speeds comparable to C or Fortran codes. Designed to be accurate, stable, fast, general, extensible, and easy to use, PyKonal offers low- and high-level API functions for full control and convenience, respectively. A scale-independent implementation allows problems to be solved at micro, local, regional, and global scales, and precision can be improved over existing open-source codes by combining different coordinate systems. The resulting code makes state-of-the-art computational capabilities accessible to novice programmers and is efficient enough for modern research problems in seismology.
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Ryaboy, Vladislav. "Upper mantle structure along a profile from Oslo (NORESS) to Helsinki to Leningrad, based on explosion seismology." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 80, no. 6B (December 1, 1990): 2194–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa08006b2194.
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Abstract Waveforms from the NORESS array were analyzed for 147 industrial explosions during the 1985 to 1988 period, along a profile running east from Oslo (NORESS) to Helsinki to Leningrad (OHL profile). The events were 250 to 1300 km from NORESS and had local magnitude in the range 2.0 to 3.5. Event locations and origin times constrained by the University of Helsinki's regional seismic network provide a reliable basis for travel-time estimation at NORESS. We also used data recorded by NORSAR in 1979 for three shots on the FENNOLORA north-south, long-range seismic profile, which were near the OHL profile. Analysis of mantle P-wave signals from the explosions showed that first arrivals could be traced continuously to a distance of 750 to 800 km, where there is a cutoff and shift of approximately 2.0 to 2.5 sec in the travel-time curve and an increase in average apparent velocity. Interpretation of the observed travel times and waveforms for this profile suggests a low-velocity zone from approximately 105 to 135 km depth. Combined analysis of the seismic data with a Bouguer gravity map indicates the presence in the upper mantle of a high-velocity, high-density body of linear extent approximately from 200 to 300 to 500 to 600 km east of the NORESS array. It is postulated that this body may represent the root of an ancient volcanic system, in which lighter, silicic constituents were depleted from the upper mantle during the eruptive phase.
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Najdovska, Jasmina, Katerina Drogreshka, and Dragana Chernih-Anastasovska. "INSTRUMENTATION IN SEISMOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY – SKOPJE MONITORING AND DATA PROCESSING." Knowledge International Journal 32, no. 3 (July 26, 2019): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3203315n.
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The present activities in the field of earthquake seismology in Republic of North Macedonia are carried out by the Seismological Observatory at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University "Sts. Cyril and Methodius" - Skopje, founded in 1957. Seismological Observatory in Skopje with telemetric network of digital seismological stations systematically monitors the seismic activity in the territory of Republic of North Macedonia and the bordering areas and also records the regional and teleseismic earthquakes. The instrumental seismological data at the Seismological Observatory in Skopje and at stations of its network have been always obtained by instrumentation which had followed the world trends. Actual scientific methods and, lately, the most sophisticated computer softwares have been used in analyses. Earthquakes with local magnitudes down to zero can be recorded and analyzed with the latest instrumentation by real time telemetric network data exchange and used softwares. The predominant hypocentral depths are less than 15 km. These data give opportunity for epicentral areas predefinition of the on the territory of Republic of North Macedonia, calculation of many source parameters and the mean velocity of the relative tectonic movement of the fault blocks, as well.
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Stammler, Klaus, Monika Bischoff, Andrea Brüstle, Lars Ceranna, Stefanie Donner, Kasper Fischer, Peter Gaebler, et al. "German Seismic and Infrasound Networks Contributing to the European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA)." Seismological Research Letters 92, no. 3 (April 7, 2021): 1854–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200401.
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Abstract Germany has a long history in seismic instrumentation. The installation of the first station sites was initiated in those regions with seismic activity. Later on, with an increasing need for seismic hazard assessment, seismological state services were established over the course of several decades, using heterogeneous technology. In parallel, scientific research and international cooperation projects triggered the establishment of institutional and nationwide networks and arrays also focusing on topics other than monitoring local or regional areas, such as recording global seismicity or verification of the compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. At each of the observatories and data centers, an extensive analysis of the recordings is performed providing high-level data products, for example, earthquake catalogs, as a base for supporting state or federal authorities, to inform the public on topics related to seismology, and for information transfer to international institutions. These data products are usually also accessible at websites of the responsible organizations. The establishment of the European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA) led to a consolidation of existing waveform data exchange mechanisms and their definition as standards in Europe, along with a harmonization of the applied data quality assurance procedures. In Germany, the German Regional Seismic Network as national backbone network and the state networks of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, and Bavaria spearheaded the national contributions to EIDA. The benefits of EIDA are attracting additional state and university networks, which are about to join the EIDA community now.
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Heimann, Sebastian, Hannes Vasyura-Bathke, Henriette Sudhaus, Marius Paul Isken, Marius Kriegerowski, Andreas Steinberg, and Torsten Dahm. "A Python framework for efficient use of pre-computed Green's functions in seismological and other physical forward and inverse source problems." Solid Earth 10, no. 6 (November 11, 2019): 1921–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1921-2019.
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Abstract. The finite physical source problem is usually studied with the concept of volume and time integrals over Green's functions (GFs), representing delta-impulse solutions to the governing partial differential field equations. In seismology, the use of realistic Earth models requires the calculation of numerical or synthetic GFs, as analytical solutions are rarely available. The computation of such synthetic GFs is computationally and operationally demanding. As a consequence, the on-the-fly recalculation of synthetic GFs in each iteration of an optimisation is time-consuming and impractical. Therefore, the pre-calculation and efficient storage of synthetic GFs on a dense grid of source to receiver combinations enables the efficient lookup and utilisation of GFs in time-critical scenarios. We present a Python-based framework and toolkit – Pyrocko-GF – that enables the pre-calculation of synthetic GF stores, which are independent of their numerical calculation method and GF transfer function. The framework aids in the creation of such GF stores by interfacing a suite of established numerical forward modelling codes in seismology (computational back ends). So far, interfaces to back ends for layered Earth model cases have been provided; however, the architecture of Pyrocko-GF is designed to cover back ends for other geometries (e.g. full 3-D heterogeneous media) and other physical quantities (e.g. gravity, pressure, tilt). Therefore, Pyrocko-GF defines an extensible GF storage format suitable for a wide range of GF types, especially handling elasticity and wave propagation problems. The framework assists with visualisations, quality control, and the exchange of GF stores, which is supported through an online platform that provides many pre-calculated GF stores for local, regional, and global studies. The Pyrocko-GF toolkit comes with a well-documented application programming interface (API) for the Python programming language to efficiently facilitate forward modelling of geophysical processes, e.g. synthetic waveforms or static displacements for a wide range of source models.
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Usoltseva, O. A., and E. G. Kozlovskaya. "Studying local earthquakes in the northern Fennoscandian Shield using the data of the POLENET/LAPNET temporary array." Solid Earth Discussions 7, no. 4 (December 8, 2015): 3689–733. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-7-3689-2015.
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Abstract. Earthquakes within areas inside continental plates are still not completely understood and the progress in understanding intraplate seismicity is slow due to short history of instrumental seismology and sparse regional seismic networks in seismically non-active areas. However, knowledge about position and depth of seismogenic structures in such areas is necessary, in order to estimate seismic hazard for such critical facilities as nuclear power plants and nuclear waste deposits. In the present paper we address the problem of seismicity in the intraplate area of northern Fennoscandia using the information on local events recorded by the POLENET/LAPNET temporary seismic array during the International Polar Year 2007–2009. We relocate the seismic events by the program HYPOELLIPS and grid search method. We use the first arrivals of P-waves of local events in order to calculate a 3-D tomographic P-wave velocity model of the uppermost crust (down to 20 km) for selected region inside the study area and show that the velocity heterogeneities in the upper crust correlate well with known tectonic units. We compare position of the velocity heterogeneities with the seismogenic structures delineated by epicentres of relocated events and demonstrate that these structures generally do not correlate with the crustal units formed as a result of crustal evolution in Archean and Paleoproterozoic. On the contrary, they correlate well with the post-glacial faults located in the area of the Baltic–Bothnia Megashear (BBMS). Hypocentres of local events have depths down to 30 km. We also obtain focal mechanisms of two selected events with good data quality. Both focal mechanisms are of strike-slip type in which shift prevails over uplift. Our results demonstrate that Baltic–Bothnia Megashear is an important large-scale, reactivated tectonic structure that has to be taken into account in estimating seismic hazard in northern Fennoscandia.
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Behm, Michael, and Bharath Shekar. "Blind deconvolution of multichannel recordings by linearized inversion in the spectral domain." GEOPHYSICS 79, no. 2 (March 1, 2014): V33—V45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2013-0170.1.
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In seismology, blind deconvolution aims to recover the source wavelet and the Green’s function, or parts of it (e.g., reflectivity series), from a recorded seismic trace. A multitude of algorithms exist that tackle this ill-posed problem by different approaches. Making assumptions on the phase spectra of the source wavelet and/or the statistical distribution of the reflectivity series is useful for single trace. The nature of closely spaced multichannel recordings enables a better estimation of a common source wavelet and thus increases the confidence of the results. This approach has been exploited in the past, although different types of assumptions are used for a variety of algorithms. We introduced a new method for simultaneous reconstruction of arbitrary source wavelets and local vertical reflectivity series from teleseismic earthquakes. Closely spaced receivers record vertically incident earthquake body waves and their surface-related multiples, which comprise the unknown reflectivity series. By assuming a common source wavelet for all receivers, the observation of several events resulted in a set of convolution equations relating the unknown source wavelets and unknown reflectivity series to the observed seismic trace. The overdetermined system of equations was linearized and solved by conventional inversion algorithms in the spectral domain. Synthetic tests indicated a better performance of the introduced method than conventional deconvolution in the presence of white noise, which is attributed to the constraint of a common model for all observations. Application to field data from a local deployment allowed imaging a basement reflector from teleseismic body waves, although the data were contaminated with strong coherent noise. From a practical point of view, the presented method is potentially well suited for local and regional large-scale imaging from multichannel passive seismic data.
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Usoltseva, Olga, and Elena Kozlovskaya. "Studying local earthquakes in the area Baltic-Bothnia Megashear using the data of the POLENET/LAPNET temporary array." Solid Earth 7, no. 4 (July 18, 2016): 1095–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1095-2016.
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Abstract. Earthquakes in areas within continental plates are still not completely understood, and progress on understanding intraplate seismicity is slow due to a short history of instrumental seismology and sparse regional seismic networks in seismically non-active areas. However, knowledge about position and depth of seismogenic structures in such areas is necessary in order to estimate seismic hazard for such critical facilities such as nuclear power plants and nuclear waste deposits. In the present paper we address the problem of seismicity in the intraplate area of northern Fennoscandia using the information on local events recorded by the POLENET/LAPNET (Polar Earth Observing Network) temporary seismic array during the International Polar Year 2007–2009. We relocate the seismic events using the program HYPOELLIPS (a computer program for determining local earthquake hypocentral parameters) and grid search method. We use the first arrivals of P waves of local events in order to calculate a 3-D tomographic P wave velocity model of the uppermost crust (down to 20 km) for a selected region inside the study area and show that the velocity heterogeneities in the upper crust correlate well with known tectonic units. We compare the position of the velocity heterogeneities with the seismogenic structures delineated by epicentres of relocated events and demonstrate that these structures generally do not correlate with the crustal units formed as a result of crustal evolution in the Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic. On the contrary, they correlate well with the postglacial faults located in the area of the Baltic-Bothnia Megashear (BBMS). Hypocentres of local events have depths down to 30 km. We also obtain the focal mechanism of a selected event with good data quality. The focal mechanism is of oblique type with strike-slip prevailing. Our results demonstrate that the Baltic-Bothnia Megashear is an important large-scale, reactivated tectonic structure that has to be taken into account when estimating seismic hazard in northern Fennoscandia.
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Chioccarelli, Eugenio, and Iunio Iervolino. "Comparing Short-Term Seismic and COVID-19 Fatality Risks in Italy." Seismological Research Letters 92, no. 4 (March 17, 2021): 2382–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200368.
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Abstract Risks assessment and risks comparison are basic concepts for emergency management. In the fields of earthquake engineering and engineering seismology, the operational earthquake loss forecasting (OELF) is the research frontier for the assessment of short-term seismic risk. It combines seismicity models, continuously updated based on ground-motion monitoring (i.e., operational earthquake forecasting), with large-scale vulnerability models for the built environment and exposure data. With the aim of contributing to the discussion about capabilities and limitations of OELF, the study presented aims at comparing the OELF results and the fatality risk (based on fatality data) related to coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) that, at the time of writing, is perceived as very relevant and required unprecedented risk reduction measures in several countries, most notably Italy. Results show that, at a national scale in Italy, the COVID-19 risk has been higher than the seismic risk during the two pandemic waves even if, at the end of the so-called lockdown, the evolution of the pandemic suggested the possibility (not realized) of reaching a situation of comparable seismic and COVID-19 risks in a few weeks. Because the two risks vary at a local scale, risks comparison was also carried out on a regional basis, showing that, before the beginning of the second wave, in some cases, the seismic risk, as assessed by means of OELF, was larger than the pandemic one.
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Kuveždić Divjak, A., M. Govorčin, B. Matoš, A. Đapo, J. Stipčević, and B. Pribičević. "GEOINFORMATION FOR RESEARCH OF ONGOING GEODYNAMIC PROCESSES IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W8 (August 21, 2019): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w8-233-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Multidisciplinary research of surface geodynamic processes is important for understanding mechanisms that lead to sudden release of accumulated strain energy, i.e. earthquakes. It requires development of an original scientific approach which combines data from various geosciences such as geodesy, geology and seismology. This implies that each geoscience contributes to a better understanding by providing specific direct or indirect information on activity (spatial movements) and properties of seismogenic sources (faults). In recent years, new and accessible sources and types of geoinformation have greatly enhanced, enabling a more comprehensive investigation of ongoing geodynamic activity on faults and, therefore, improve our ability to develop approaches to assess and mitigate the seismic hazard and risk within the earthquake-prone areas.</p> <p>In this paper, we seek to identify the geoinformation required to improve the current knowledge on regional and local geodynamic processes in the Republic of Croatia. Focusing on the complementarity of geodetic, geological and seismological data, we discuss possible sources of the diverse sets of site-specific geospatial data. Examples include: ground/surface movement observations with Global Navigational Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Satellite Radar Interferometry (InSAR); data about historical and instrumental seismicity (e.g. focal mechanism solutions, number of earthquakes, b-value, etc.); fault location, fault geometrical properties and information on their neotectonic activity, paleoseismological data, etc. Challenges regarding the integrated use of these data, such as heterogeneity of data sources, access protocols, metadata standards, data quality, up-to-dateness, and other limitations are also addressed.</p>
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Korolev, Yu P. "An approximate method of short-term tsunami forecast and the hindcasting of some recent events." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 11 (November 28, 2011): 3081–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-3081-2011.
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Abstract. The paper presents a method for a short-term tsunami forecast based on sea level data from remote sites. This method is based on Green's function for the wave equation possessing the fundamental property of symmetry. This property is well known in acoustics and seismology as the reciprocity principle. Some applications of this principle on tsunami research are considered in the current study. Simple relationships and estimated transfer functions enabled us to simulate tsunami waveforms for any selected oceanic point based only on the source location and sea level data from a remote reference site. The important advantage of this method is that it is irrespective of the actual source mechanism (seismic, submarine landslide or other phenomena). The method was successfully applied to hindcast several recent tsunamis observed in the Northwest Pacific. The locations of the earthquake epicenters and the tsunami records from one of the NOAA DART sites were used as inputs for the modelling, while tsunami observations at other DART sites were used to verify the model. Tsunami waveforms for the 2006, 2007 and 2009 earthquake events near Simushir Island were simulated and found to be in good agreement with the observations. The correlation coefficients between the predicted and observed tsunami waveforms were from 0.50 to 0.85. Thus, the proposed method can be effectively used to simulate tsunami waveforms for the entire ocean and also for both regional and local tsunami warning services, assuming that they have access to the real-time sea level data from DART stations.
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Ganas, Athanassios, Sotiris Valkaniotis, Pierre Briole, Anna Serpetsidaki, Vassilis Kapetanidis, Ilektra Karasante, Ioannis Kassaras, et al. "Domino-style earthquakes along blind normal faults in Northern Thessaly (Greece): kinematic evidence from field observations, seismology, SAR interferometry and GNSS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 58 (July 9, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.27102.
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Here we present a joint analysis of the geodetic, seismological and geological data of the March 2021 Northern Thessaly seismic sequence, that were gathered and processed as of April 30, 2021. First, we relocated seismicity data from regional and local networks and inferred the dip-direction (NE) and dip-angle (38°) of the March 3, 2021 rupture plane. Furthermore, we used ascending and descending SAR images acquired by the Sentinel-1 satellites to map the co-seismic displacement field. Our results indicate that the March 3, 2021 Mw=6.3 rupture occurred on a NE-dipping, 39° normal fault located between the villages Zarko (Trikala) and Damasi (Larissa). The event of March 4, 2021 occurred northwest of Damasi, along a fault oriented WNW-ESE and produced less deformation than the event of the previous day. The third event occurred on March 12, 2021 along a south-dipping normal fault. We computed 22 focal mechanisms of aftershocks with M≥4.0 using P-wave first motion polarities. Nearly all focal mechanisms exhibit normal kinematics or have a dominant normal dip-slip component. The use of InSAR was crucial to differentiate the ground deformation between the ruptures. The majority of deformation occurs in the vertical component, with a maximum of 0.39 m of subsidence over the Mw=6.3 rupture plane, south and west of Damasi. A total amount of 0.3 m horizontal displacement (E-W) was measured. We also used GNSS data (at 30-s sampling interval) from twelve permanent stations near the epicentres to obtain 3D seismic offsets of station positions. Only the first event produces significant displacement at the GNSS stations (as predicted by the fault models, themselves very well constrained by InSAR). We calculated several post-seismic interferograms, yet we have observed that there is almost no post-seismic deformation, except in the footwall area (Zarkos mountain). This post-seismic deformation is below the 7 mm level (quarter of a fringe) in the near field and below the 1 mm level at the GNSS sites. The cascading activation of the three events in a SE to NW direction points to a pattern of domino-style earthquakes, along neighbouring fault segments. The kinematics of the ruptures point to a counter-clockwise change in the extension direction of the upper crust (from NE-SW near Damasi to N-S towards northwest, near Verdikoussa).
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Hancilar, U., C. Tuzun, C. Yenidogan, and M. Erdik. "ELER software – a new tool for urban earthquake loss assessment." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 12 (December 22, 2010): 2677–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-2677-2010.
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Abstract. Rapid loss estimation after potentially damaging earthquakes is critical for effective emergency response and public information. A methodology and software package, ELER-Earthquake Loss Estimation Routine, for rapid estimation of earthquake shaking and losses throughout the Euro-Mediterranean region was developed under the Joint Research Activity-3 (JRA3) of the EC FP6 Project entitled "Network of Research Infrastructures for European Seismology-NERIES". Recently, a new version (v2.0) of ELER software has been released. The multi-level methodology developed is capable of incorporating regional variability and uncertainty originating from ground motion predictions, fault finiteness, site modifications, inventory of physical and social elements subjected to earthquake hazard and the associated vulnerability relationships. Although primarily intended for quasi real-time estimation of earthquake shaking and losses, the routine is also equally capable of incorporating scenario-based earthquake loss assessments. This paper introduces the urban earthquake loss assessment module (Level 2) of the ELER software which makes use of the most detailed inventory databases of physical and social elements at risk in combination with the analytical vulnerability relationships and building damage-related casualty vulnerability models for the estimation of building damage and casualty distributions, respectively. Spectral capacity-based loss assessment methodology and its vital components are presented. The analysis methods of the Level 2 module, i.e. Capacity Spectrum Method (ATC-40, 1996), Modified Acceleration-Displacement Response Spectrum Method (FEMA 440, 2005), Reduction Factor Method (Fajfar, 2000) and Coefficient Method (ASCE 41-06, 2006), are applied to the selected building types for validation and verification purposes. The damage estimates are compared to the results obtained from the other studies available in the literature, i.e. SELENA v4.0 (Molina et al., 2008) and ATC-55 (Yang, 2005). An urban loss assessment exercise for a scenario earthquake for the city of Istanbul is conducted and physical and social losses are presented. Damage to the urban environment is compared to the results obtained from similar software, i.e. KOERILoss (KOERI, 2002) and DBELA (Crowley et al., 2004). The European rapid loss estimation tool is expected to help enable effective emergency response, on both local and global level, as well as public information.
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Jeffreys, H., and M. Shimshoni. "On regional differences in seismology." Geophysical Journal International 88, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1987.tb01382.x.
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Keers, H., F. A. Dahlen, and G. Nolet. "Chaotic ray behaviour in regional seismology." Geophysical Journal International 131, no. 2 (November 1997): 361–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1997.tb01228.x.
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Wenner, Michaela, Clément Hibert, Alec van Herwijnen, Lorenz Meier, and Fabian Walter. "Near-real-time automated classification of seismic signals of slope failures with continuous random forests." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 339–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-339-2021.
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Abstract. In mountainous areas, rockfalls, rock avalanches, and debris flows constitute a risk to human life and property. Seismology has proven a useful tool to monitor such mass movements, while increasing data volumes and availability of real-time data streams demand new solutions for automatic signal classification. Ideally, seismic monitoring arrays have large apertures and record a significant number of mass movements to train detection algorithms. However, this is rarely the case, as a result of cost and time constraints and the rare occurrence of catastrophic mass movements. Here, we use the supervised random forest algorithm to classify windowed seismic data on a continuous data stream. We investigate algorithm performance for signal classification into noise (NO), slope failure (SF), and earthquake (EQ) classes and explore the influence of non-ideal though commonly encountered conditions: poor network coverage, imbalanced data sets, and low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). To this end we use data from two separate locations in the Swiss Alps: data set (i), recorded at Illgraben, contains signals of several dozen slope failures with low SNR; data set (ii), recorded at Pizzo Cengalo, contains only five slope failure events albeit with higher SNR. The low SNR of slope failure events in data set (i) leads to a classification accuracy of 70 % for SF, with the largest confusion between NO and SF. Although data set (ii) is highly imbalanced, lowering the prediction threshold for slope failures leads to a prediction accuracy of 80 % for SF, with the largest confusion between SF and EQ. Standard techniques to mitigate training data imbalance do not increase prediction accuracy. The classifier of data set (ii) is then used to train a model for the classification of 176 d of continuous seismic recordings containing four slope failure events. The model classifies eight events as slope failures, of which two are snow avalanches, and one is a rock-slope failure. The other events are local or regional earthquakes. By including earthquake detection of a permanent seismic station at 131 km distance to the test site into the decision-making process, all earthquakes falsely classified as slope failures can be excluded. Our study shows that, even for limited training data and non-optimal network geometry, machine learning algorithms applied to high-quality seismic records can be used to monitor mass movements automatically.
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Ritter, Joachim R. R., and Henriette Sudhaus. "Characterization of small local noise sources with array seismology." Near Surface Geophysics 5, no. 4 (March 1, 2007): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2007007.
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Tao, Zheng Ru, Xia Xin Tao, and Xi Wei Wang. "Seismology Based Ground Motion Attenuation Relationship for Sendai Area." Advanced Materials Research 382 (November 2011): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.382.7.
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For regions without adequate strong ground motion records, a method is developed to establish strong ground motion attenuation relationships, based on the stochastic method. Sendai area of Japan is selected as the target, since there are enough data from seismographic observation for calculation, and those from strong ground motion observation and some empirical relationships for result testing. Three parameters related to regional source and crustal medium are inversed by the micro-Genetic Algorithm. Total of 240 records from 77 small events, recorded by F-net, are adopted for the inversion. Fourier spectra are adopted as the objective function. These parameters are then taken into the stochastic method to estimate PGA. The regional ground motion attenuation relationships are compared with some strong ground motion records from K-NET and some empirical relationships to illustrate the reliability of this method.
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Ballester, José Luis. "Recent progress in prominence seismology." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1839 (December 19, 2005): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1706.
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Prominence seismology is a rapidly developing topic which seeks to infer the internal structure and properties of solar prominences from the study of their oscillations. An extense observational background about oscillations in quiescent solar prominences has been gathered during the last 70 years. These observations point out the existence of two different types of oscillations: flare-induced oscillations (winking filaments) which affect the whole prominence and are of large amplitude and small amplitude oscillations which seem to be of local nature. From the theoretical point of view, few models have been set up to explain the phenomenon of winking filaments while, on the contrary, for small amplitude oscillations a large number of models trying to explain the observed features have been proposed. Here, recent theoretical and observational developments on both types of oscillations are reviewed, and suggestions about future research topics which should provide us with a more in-depth knowledge of solar prominences are made.
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Schweitzer, Johannes, and Thorne Lay. "IASPEI: its origins and the promotion of global seismology." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 10, no. 1 (April 16, 2019): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-10-173-2019.
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Abstract. International cooperation in seismology emerged rapidly at the beginning of the 20th century following the successful recording of earthquakes at great distances. The International Seismological Association (ISA) founded in 1904 was dissolved in 1922 and evolved into the Seismology Section of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), ultimately becoming the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior (IASPEI) to recognize the important role of the structure and physical properties of the Earth. Through the last hundred years, the commissions and working groups of the association have played a major role in setting international standards in such areas as the naming of seismic phases, data exchanges, travel-time tables, magnitude scales, and reference Earth models. The activities of IASPEI continue to have a focus on the societal impacts of earthquakes and tsunamis, with four regional commissions playing a major role in promoting high standards of seismological education, outreach, and international scientific cooperation.
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Schmelzbach, Cedric, Stefanie Donner, Heiner Igel, David Sollberger, Taufiq Taufiqurrahman, Felix Bernauer, Mauro Häusler, Cédéric Van Renterghem, Joachim Wassermann, and Johan Robertsson. "Advances in 6C seismology: Applications of combined translational and rotational motion measurements in global and exploration seismology." GEOPHYSICS 83, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): WC53—WC69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2017-0492.1.
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Over the past few decades, the potential of collocated measurements of 6C data (3C of translational and 3C of rotational motion) has been demonstrated in global seismology using high-sensitivity, observatory-based ring laser technology. Proposed applications of 6C seismology range from tomographic reconstruction of near-receiver structure to the reduction of nonuniqueness in seismic source inverse problems. Applications to exploration problems have so far been hampered by the lack of appropriate sensors, but several applications have been proposed and demonstrated with array-derived rotational motion estimates. With the recent availability of, for example, fiber-optic-based high-sensitivity rotational motion sensors, widespread applications of 6C techniques to exploration problems are in sight. Potential applications are based on, for example, the fact that the extended set of combined translational and rotational motion observations enables carrying out array-type processing with single-station recordings such as wavefield separation and surface-wave suppression. Furthermore, measuring the rotational component (curl) of the seismic wavefield enables direct isolation of the S-wave constituents and could significantly improve S-wave exploration. Rotational measurements provide estimates of the spatial wavefield gradient at the free surface that allow carrying out analyses such as local slowness estimation and wavefield reconstruction. Furthermore, rotational motion measurements can help to resolve wavefield infidelity introduced by seismic instruments that are not well-coupled to the ground.
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Marusiak, Angela G., Nicholas C. Schmerr, Daniella N. DellaGiustina, Brad Avenson, S. Hop Bailey, Veronica J. Bray, Juliette I. Brodbeck, et al. "The Deployment of the Seismometer to Investigate Ice and Ocean Structure (SIIOS) in Northwest Greenland: An Analog Experiment for Icy Ocean World Seismic Deployments." Seismological Research Letters 92, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 2036–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200291.
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Abstract In anticipation of future spacecraft missions to icy ocean worlds, the Seismometer to Investigate Ice and Ocean Structure (SIIOS) was funded by National Aeronautics and Space Administration, to prepare for seismologic investigations of these worlds. During the summer of 2018, the SIIOS team deployed a seismic experiment on the Greenland ice sheet situated, approximately, 80 km north of Qaanaaq, Greenland. The seismometers deployed included one Trillium 120 s Posthole (TPH) broadband seismometer, 13 Silicon Audio flight-candidate seismometers, and five Sercel L28 4.5 Hz geophones. Seismometers were buried 1 m deep in the firn in a cross-shaped array centered on a collocated TPH and Silicon Audio instrument. One part of the array consisted of Silicon Audio and Sercel geophones situated 1 m from the center of the array in the ordinal directions. A second set of four Silicon Audio instruments was situated 1 km from the center of the array in the cardinal directions. A mock-lander spacecraft was placed at the array center and instrumented with four Silicon Audio seismometers. We performed an active-source experiment and a passive-listening experiment that lasted for, approximately, 12 days. The active–source experiment consisted of 9–12 sledgehammer strikes to an aluminum plate at 10 separate locations up to 100 m from the array center. The passive experiment recorded the ice-sheet ambient background noise, as well as local and regional events. Both datasets will be used to quantify differences in spacecraft instrumentation deployment strategies, and for evaluating science capabilities for single-station and small-aperture seismic arrays in future geophysical missions. Our initial results indicate that the flight-candidate seismometer performs comparably to the TPH at frequencies above 0.1 Hz and that instruments coupled to the mock-lander perform comparably to ground-based instrumentation in the frequency band of 0.1–10 Hz. For future icy ocean world missions, a deck-coupled seismometer would perform similarly to a ground-based deployment across the most frequency bands.
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Yang, Yi, Xiaodong Song, and Adam T. Ringler. "An Evaluation of the Timing Accuracy of Global and Regional Seismic Stations and Networks." Seismological Research Letters 93, no. 1 (November 10, 2021): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220210232.
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Abstract Clock accuracy is a basic parameter of any seismic station and has become increasingly important for seismology as the community seeks to refine structures and dynamic processes of the Earth. In this study, we measure the arrival time differences of moderate repeating earthquakes with magnitude 5.0–5.9 in the time range of 1991–2017 at the same seismic stations by cross-correlating their highly similar waveforms and thereby identify potential timing errors from the outliers of the measurements. The method has very high precision of about 10 ms and shows great potential to be used for routine inspection of the timing accuracy of historical and future digital seismic data. Here, we report 5131 probable cases of timing errors from 451 global and regional stations available from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Data Management Center, ranging from several tens of milliseconds to over 10 s. Clock accuracy seems to be a prevailing problem in permanent stations with long-running histories. Although most of the timing errors have already been tagged with low timing quality, there are quite a few exceptions, which call for greater attention from network operators and the seismological community. In addition, seismic studies, especially those on temporal changes of the Earth’s media from absolute arrival times, should be careful to avoid misinterpreting timing errors as temporal changes, which is indeed a problem in some previous studies of the Earth’s inner core boundary.
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Rivellini, Denise. "LOCAL AND REGIONAL ANESTHESIA." Nursing Clinics of North America 28, no. 3 (September 1993): 547–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-6465(22)02885-7.
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Costa, Kênia Gonçalves, and Elaine da Silva Sousa. "DO REGIONAL AO LOCAL:." Revista Escritas 10, no. 1 (October 16, 2018): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/vol10n1pp153-171.
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Identificam-se as trajetórias das acadêmicas em Geografia do Campus de Araguaína/UFT (2014 a 2017), que se deslocam diariamente e/ou residem na cidade durante o período letivo. Atual sociedade é patriarcal, no entanto, defrontamos com essas mulheres no meio acadêmico e notamos algumas mudanças. Nas idas e vindas, muito se traz e muito se leva, oportunizando conhecimentos, por meio de relações no espaço e em suas trajetórias, configurando uma nova realidade, estabelecendo laços, identificando suas principais dificuldades e suas inúmeras visões da sociedade que são a todo tempo (des)reconstruídas por meio da afetividade e das mudanças ocorridas em suas vidas durante o tempo em que passam na universidade e no contexto social no qual estão inseridas.
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Garofoli, Gioacchino. "Regional and Local Development." SCIENZE REGIONALI, no. 3 (October 2009): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/scre2009-003003.
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- (Paper first received, April 2009; in final form, July 2009) The paper deals with the changing features of regional development in the last decades and the changing research approach to them, seeking to identify the contributions of Italian scholars to the international debate. The ‘regional development divide' of the 1970s induced Italian scholars to shift to analysis of new models of productive organisation underlying the active role of the territory in the development process. A crucial role was played by the model of industrial districts, which stressed that development can be achieved on the basis of SMEs and on specific local resources. The paper also deals with the ‘local productive systems' determined by a close interaction between economy, society and territory which produces external economies and collective efficiency. The paper concludes by drawing some policy lessons for backward regions.Keywords: local system, industrial district, endogenous development, external economiesJEL Classification: O18, O20, O30, R12, R58
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Robbins, William G. "Local and Regional Stories." Public Historian 21, no. 2 (1999): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3379298.
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CAPOGNA, G. "Local and Regional Anaesthesia." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 18, no. 9 (September 2001): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003643-200109000-00012.
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Pike, Andy, Andrés Rodriguez-Pose, and John Tomaney. "Local and Regional Development." Economic Geography 84, no. 2 (April 2008): 241–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-8287.2008.tb00407.x.
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Herrick, Martin, and Inge Falk van Rooyen. "Local and Regional Anaesthesia." Surgery (Oxford) 20, no. 3 (March 2002): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/surg.20.3.67.14621.
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Pollock, Julia E., and James C. Eisenach. "Local and Regional Anaesthesia." Anesthesiology 96, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 780–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200203000-00057.
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Dye, Derek J. "Local and regional anaesthesia." Baillière's Clinical Anaesthesiology 1, no. 3 (September 1987): 715–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-3501(87)80030-2.
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Lemke, Kip A., and Susan D. Dawson. "Local and Regional Anesthesia." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 30, no. 4 (July 2000): 839–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(08)70010-x.
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Jones, Marklyn J., and Kenneth S. Koeneman. "Local-regional prostate cancer." Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 26, no. 5 (September 2008): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2008.03.007.
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Edwards, Bernie. "Local and regional anaesthesia." Emergency Nurse 2, no. 2 (August 1994): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/en.2.2.10.s3.
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Hassink, Robert. "Local and Regional Development." European Planning Studies 17, no. 5 (May 2009): 813–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654310902778334.
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CAPOGNA, G. "Local and Regional Anaesthesia." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 18, no. 9 (September 2001): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2346.2001.0880a.x.
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Price, Nickcole D., and Genevieve Cirineo. "Local Pre-op, Local OR, Regional Local Education Tool/Competency." Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 33, no. 4 (August 2018): e19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2018.06.046.
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Berenguer, Jean-Luc, Julien Balestra, Fabrice Jouffray, Fabrice Mourau, Françoise Courboulex, and Jean Virieux. "Celebrating 25 years of seismology at schools in France." Geoscience Communication 3, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gc-3-475-2020.
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Abstract. An educational program focusing on seismological activities for school and university students that trains in observational sciences and raises citizen awareness of natural hazards has been active in France since 1995. Over this quarter century, different generations of students have learned various lessons concerning instrument installation, data recording, and analysis. These actions have led them into the field of scientific interrogation and interpretation, making them better prepared for our modern technological societies. We describe these student commitments that have been motivated by the installation of the first educational broadband seismometer in southern France. Analysis of regional earthquakes has generated a greater awareness of the seismic hazards where students live, while records of strong earthquakes all around the world have led to interaction between students, especially after the deployment of additional seismometers in schools. The natural extension of such an educational seismic network, first at the national level in France in 2006 and later in many countries through various collaborations, has enriched the pedagogical practices of teachers, increasing their skills in seismology and natural sciences among various other disciplines and complementing standard educational resources. We describe the necessary and sustainable relations between teachers and researchers over time. Combining students' motivation, teachers' experience and researchers' expertise has led to different hosting structures over the years. We conclude by presenting the feedback from a survey carried out in 2019 among all the teachers involved, highlighting the strong and weak points of such a long-term adventure. Recent integration into the official syllabus of the new Geosciences high school curricula in France illustrates the impact of such an exceptional experience.
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Yoon, Clara E., Karianne J. Bergen, Kexin Rong, Hashem Elezabi, William L. Ellsworth, Gregory C. Beroza, Peter Bailis, and Philip Levis. "Unsupervised Large‐Scale Search for Similar Earthquake Signals." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 109, no. 4 (June 25, 2019): 1451–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120190006.
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Abstract Seismology has continuously recorded ground‐motion spanning up to decades. Blind, uninformed search for similar‐signal waveforms within this continuous data can detect small earthquakes missing from earthquake catalogs, yet doing so with naive approaches is computationally infeasible. We present results from an improved version of the Fingerprint And Similarity Thresholding (FAST) algorithm, an unsupervised data‐mining approach to earthquake detection, now available as open‐source software. We use FAST to search for small earthquakes in 6–11 yr of continuous data from 27 channels over an 11‐station local seismic network near the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant in central California. FAST detected 4554 earthquakes in this data set, with a 7.5% false detection rate: 4134 of the detected events were previously cataloged earthquakes located across California, and 420 were new local earthquake detections with magnitudes −0.3≤ML≤2.4, of which 224 events were located near the seismic network. Although seismicity rates are low, this study confirms that nearby faults are active. This example shows how seismology can leverage recent advances in data‐mining algorithms, along with improved computing power, to extract useful additional earthquake information from long‐duration continuous data sets.
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Rochmawanto, Munif, Slamet Suhartono, Hufron Hufron, and Syofyan Hadi. "Urgency of establishing responsive local regulations to realize good local governance." Technium Social Sciences Journal 38 (December 9, 2022): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v38i1.7835.
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The formation of responsive regional regulations based on premise that Indonesia is a democratic legal state. A democratic rule of law is obligated to guarantee protection of human rights and provide justice through community participation in formation of regional regulations. As a good legal product, Regional Regulations must reflect shared values of justice, and be responsive to community needs. Regional Regulations are regional legal products established by Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) with the joint approval of Regional Head in context of carrying out regional autonomy and co-administration tasks. Regional autonomy the rights, powers and obligations of autonomous regions to regulate and manage their own government affairs and interests local community within system of Unitary State Republic of Indonesia. Thus the substance of Regional Regulation must be made in accordance with wishes and needs local community/region. The urgency of forming responsive regional regulations to realize regional governance is to realize justice and provide protection for human rights through community participation in formation of regional regulations. Realizing good Regional Regulations based on the principles of legality, "principles can be implemented" and "principles can be recognized" which are formal and material principles in formation of laws and regulations, and are formed in accordance with the interests of society.
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Symreng, Tommy. "Local Anesthesia and Regional Blockade." Anesthesia & Analgesia 70, no. 3 (March 1990): 342???343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199003000-00033.
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Kim, Jae Hong, and Nathan Jurey. "Local and Regional Governance Structures." Journal of Planning Literature 28, no. 2 (February 12, 2013): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885412213477135.
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