Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Local or regional seismology'
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Lee, Cho-min. "The tectonic framework of Hong Kong and vicinity and its relationship to regional seismicity /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13122368.
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Roberts, Graham. "Shear-wave polarizations from local seismic events." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14293.
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Fox, Benjamin Daniel. "Seismic source parameter determination using regional intermediate-period surface waves." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6b89e41d-8dd0-4286-9bf0-d22c4a349bb7.
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In general, the depths of shallow earthquakes are poorly resolved in current catalogues. Variations in depth of ±10 km can significantly alter the tectonic interpretation of such earthquakes. If the depth of a seismic event is in error then moment tensor estimates can also be significantly altered. In the context of nuclear-test-ban monitoring, a seismic event whose depth can be confidently shown to exceed say, 10km, is unlikely to be an explosion. Surface wave excitation is sensitive to source depth, especially at intermediate and short periods, owing to the approximate exponential decay of surface wave displacements with depth. The radiation pattern and amplitude of surface waves are controlled by the depth variations in the six components of the strain tensor associated with the surface wave eigenfunctions. The potential exists, therefore, for improvements to be made to depth and moment tensor estimates by analysing surface wave amplitudes and radiation patterns. A new method is developed to better constrain seismic source parameters by analysing 100-20s period amplitude spectra of fundamental-mode surface waves. Synthetic amplitude spectra are generated for all double-couple sources over a suitable depth range and compared with data in a grid-search algorithm. Best fitting source parameters are calculated and appropriate bounds are placed on these results. This approach is tested and validated using a representative set of globally-distributed events. Source parameters are determined for 14 moderately-sized earthquakes (5.4 ≤ Mw ≤ 6.5), occurring in a variety of tectonic regimes with depths calculated between 4-39km. For very shallow earthquakes the use of surface wave recordings as short as 15s is shown to improve estimates of source parameters, especially depth. Analysis of aftershocks (4.8 ≤ Mw ≤ 6.0) of the 2004 great Sumatra earthquake is performed to study the depth distribution of seismicity in the region. Three distinct tectonic regimes are identified and depth estimates calculated between 3-61km, including the identification of one CMT depth estimate to be in error by some 27km.
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Lee, Cho-min, and 李作明. "The tectonic framework of Hong Kong and vicinity and its relationship to regional seismicity." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31210405.
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Roman, Diana Christine. "Changes in local stress field orientation in response to magmatic activity /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3136443.
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Gormley, William Paul. "Local anaesthetic adjuvants in regional anaesthesia." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318771.
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Stach, Lisa Ann 1962, and Lisa Ann 1962 Stach. "Inversion for source parameters of moderate-size earthquakes in the western U.S. using regional waveforms." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625910.
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Mildén, Mikael. "Local and regional dynamics of Succisa pratensis /." Stockholm : Dept. of botany, Stockholm university, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-762.
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Kalnin, Joanir Luís. "Desenvolvimento local/regional focado na agroindústria familiar." Florianópolis, SC, 2004. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/86904.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-21T11:55:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2013-07-16T19:37:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 204073.pdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Esta pesquisa busca contribuir para a geração de desenvolvimento local/regional focado na agroindústria familiar. Há, em Santa Catarina, alguns planos de desenvolvimento direcionados a este segmento, valorizando o "saber fazer" dos agricultores, estimulando parcerias e associações, e incentivando a construção de uma agroindustrialização em rede. O trabalho, através de uma abordagem qualitativa e de procedimento técnico - estudo de multicasos, analisa e identifica, em 4 regiões distintas no estado de Santa Catarina, o processo pelo qual está ocorrendo o desenvolvimento local/regional focado na agroindústria familiar: o projeto SAGA, localizado na região Oeste; a AGRECO, situada no Sul do estado; o PROVE, na região do Vale do Itajaí; e o projeto BNAF, concentrado no Planalto Norte Catarinense. Com relação aos benefícios e contribuições desta pesquisa, o trabalho pretende documentar academicamente, com uma visão científica e não tendenciosa, experiências de agregação de valor através do negócio de agroindústrias de pequeno porte e mostrar que a teoria da competitividade sistêmica pode ser utilizada para analisar a competitividade de pequenos arranjos empresariais desta natureza. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que regiões rurais dinâmicas caracterizam-se por uma densa rede de relações entre serviços e organizações públicas, iniciativas empresariais urbanas e rurais, agrícolas e não agrícolas, e que projetos dessa natureza terão maiores condições de gerarem desenvolvimento local/regional caso estejam inseridos em um sistema produtivo local estruturado.
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Deppa, Emma. "Local Approaches to Regional Problems: Suburban Government Responses to Portland's Regional Housing Crisis." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3045.
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The Portland metropolitan region has seen unprecedented growth in the last three decades, resulting in both economic expansion and considerable gentrification. While lauded for its commitment to sustainability and a "smart development" ethos, many questions remain for the city with respect to the needs of displaced residents and a burgeoning population of young professionals. This study examines how various levels of government implement growth management policies to accommodate these demographic changes, and aims to assess whether and how the consequences of growth, especially gentrification and displacement, are meaningfully addressed. Qualitative interviews were conducted with staff members and elected officials from city, county, and regional government structures across the Portland metropolitan area to investigate the "regional housing crisis." Inductive analysis of these data considers the implications of Portland's layered government structure for making equitable growth-related decisions.
Participants expressed a mismatch in what was expected of them--both from higher levels of government and their constituents--and their perceived capacity to do so. While government officials advocate the need for new development of affordable housing units, they see themselves as limited by a series of technical barriers in the stratified planning process, as well as an unequal distribution of influential power in public involvement processes. Findings are synthesized to offer policy recommendations and consider alternative government responses to public housing issues.
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Dupré, Cecilia. "Regional and local variation in plant species richness." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för evolutionsbiologi, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-691.
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In this thesis, I examine the variation in plant species richness along gradients of productivity and disturbance in grasslands and forest habitats in southern Sweden, and I compare the documented patterns with theoretical predictions. Moreover, I evaluate the relative importance of habitat quality and habitat configuration for the occurrence of field layer species in deciduous forests. Finally, I present a new method for the determination of the regional species pool. To examine regional and local variation in plant species richness, I gathered data on species composition in plots of different size (0.001 - 1000 m2) in three vegetation types (deciduous forests, dry grasslands and coastal meadows) in four regions of southern Sweden (Öland, Gotland, Småland and Uppland). As predicted by the species pool hypothesis, differences in small-scale species richness of deciduous forests and dry grasslands were correlated with differences in the size of the regional species pool. Moreover, among plots large-scale diversity was predictive of small-scale diversity. Species diversity showed a hump-shaped relationship with productivity in forests, and was related to environmental heterogeneity and the size of the 'habitat-specific' species pool. In the two types of grassland examined, grazed sites were richer in species than abandoned sites. Moreover, both species composition and the representation of plants with different life-history characteristics differed between grazed and abandoned sites. As predicted by the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, species richness was highest at intermediate levels of grazing in coastal meadows. However, all the above patterns were scale-dependent, and not observed at all plot sizes. The occurrence of field layer species in deciduous forests was more strongly related to habitat quality (mainly soil factors) than to habitat configuration (forest area and isolation). Across species, low seed production, clonal reproduction and habitat specificity were negatively associated with isolation.
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Dupré, Cecilia. "Regional and local variation in plant species richness /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5064-4/.
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Lundberg, Johan. "Local government expenditures and regional growth in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-73660.
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This thesis consists of five papers, which concern expenditure decisions and economic growth within Swedish local government.Paper [1] explores the hypothesis that local fiscal shocks have short run effects on revenue and expenditure decisions made within local government. It is found that although fiscal shocks do not affect local authorities' revenue decisions, they do induce municipalities to change expenditures and financial costs along with short term loans. Local authorities are also found to respond more powerful to unfavorable fiscal shocks (deficit shocks) than to favorable fiscal shocks (surplus shocks).In Paper [2], we study the hypothesis that local (municipal) expenditures, in part, can be explained by regional (county) expenditures. We formulate and estimate a demand model for municipal services that is defined conditional on the county expenditures. The results imply a positive dependency between the provision of county and municipal services. Moreover, the results suggest that the hypothesis of weak separability between the provision of county and municipal services can be rejected. In addition, we cannot reject the hypothesis that the regional expenditures are weakly exogenous in the local expenditure equation.In Paper [3] the existence of spillover between Swedish municipalities in the provision of recreational and cultural services is analyzed. A representative .voter model is derived and the demand for recreational and cultural services is estimated using spatial SUR techniques. The results suggest a negative relationship between recreational and cultural expenditures provided by neighboring municipalities, which indicates that these services are substitutes.Paper [4] concerns the regional growth pattern in Sweden by analyzing what factors might determine the growth rate of regional average income levels and the net migration rates. Our results suggest a negative dependence between the initial average income level and the subsequent income growth, which supports the conditional convergence hypothesis. Among other things, we also find that the initial endowments of human capital have a positive effect on subsequent net migration while the initial unemployment rate is found to have a negative impact on net migration.Paper [5] complements the analysis made in Paper [4] by studying which factors determine average income growth and net migration at the local level of government. The conditional convergence hypothesis cannot be rejected. Local government investments are found to have a positive effect on the subsequent net migration while leaving the growth in mean income unaffected. This may indicate that the net migration caused by these investments does not significantly affect the proportion of skilled and unskilled labor.Härtill 5 delarbeten.
digitalisering@umu
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Bramley, Gemma L. C. "Local, regional and monographic approaches to Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12691.
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A local revision reviewed collections of Cyrtandra from Mount Kerinci, Sumatra, recognising thirteen species, three of which are newly described: C. aureotincta, C. patentiserrata, and C. stenoptera. In a regional approach covering species from Peninsular Malaysia, nine species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) were recognised. Three [C. cupulata, C. pendula, C. wallichii] are common and occur more or less throughout the area; four [C. dispar, C. gimlettei, C. patula, C. suffruticosa] have more restricted distributions, and two [C. lanceolata, C. stonei] are local endemics. Three species and one variety are reduced to synonymy: C. barbata (= C. cupulata), C. falcata (= C suffruticosa), C. rotundifolia (= C. pendula), and C. cupulata var. minor (= C. cupulata). A phylogenetic approach involved a monographic revision of Cyrtandra section Dissimiles. Eleven species were reviewed, one of which is newly described (C. fulvisericea); one species, C. producta (= C. trisepala) is reduced to synonymy. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of 18-26S nuclear ribosomal DNA of Cyrtandra species from one community on Mount Kerinci, Sumatra, suggest that this community is an assembly of three distinct phyletic lineages, resulting from a gradual accumulation of diversity through time, although one lineage shows evidence of more recent, continuing speciation than the other two. Phylogenetic analyses of a second, larger sample of Cyrtandra ITS sequences suggest that Peninsular Malaysian Cyrtandra species have affinities with Sumatran and Bornean species, following previously recognised floristic patterns. These affinities can be explained historically, as periods of lower sea levels of the Pleistocene exposed land bridges between the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo. A smaller sample of Cyrtandra species was sequenced for the trnL-F region of the choroplast gene, and phylogenetic analyses recognised major groups represented in the ITS phylogeny, suggesting congruence between the ITS and trnL-F data, and that the ITS phylogeny is an approximation of true evolutionary history.
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Silva, Carla Maria dos Santos Gama da. "Ozono no nordeste transmontano : problema local ou regional?" Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/536.
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Mestrado em Engenharia do AmbienteA estação de qualidade do ar de Lamas de Olo tem vindo a registar, desde a sua entrada em funcionamento em 2004, elevados níveis de concentração de ozono, contribuindo com uma percentagem significativa para o número total de excedências registadas a nível nacional. Esta estação é a única existente na Zona Norte Interior, situando-se em pleno Parque Natural do Alvão, a 1086 m de altitude. A série de concentrações de ozono registadas nesta estação exibe um comportamento anual caracterizado pela presença de um máximo das concentrações médias mensais durante a Primavera (Abril), característica comum a muitas outras estações remotas do Hemisfério Norte. Contudo, é durante o Verão que se verificam os maiores picos de concentração horária, resultado das condições atmosféricas e meteorológicas que se verificam neste período, que promovem a ocorrência de episódios de poluição fotoquímica. Para avaliar a contribuição do transporte de longa distância nos níveis de concentração de ozono, simularam-se através do programa HYSPLIT os percursos descritos pelas massas de ar 96 horas antes da sua chegada a Lamas de Olo. Para conferir validade estatística ao estudo, as trajectórias foram agrupadas consoante a sua semelhança, através de um algoritmo de clustering do tipo “bottom-up”. Para cada cluster calculou-se a concentração média de ozono associada. Os resultados mostram uma influência significativa dos padrões de trajectória nas concentrações de ozono, especialmente durante o Verão. Massas de ar provenientes de Espanha, França, Reino Unido e Países Baixos, bem como massas de ar que apresentem elevado tempo de residência no norte da Península Ibérica, dão origem em média a concentrações mais elevadas de ozono do que as provenientes do Oceano Atlântico. Este aspecto reflecte a importância da produção fotoquímica ao longo de processos de transporte de grande escala (escala regional / global), relacionada também com os inputs de poluentes que as massas de ar recebem ao longo do seu trajecto. Contudo, os vários dados analisados neste trabalho evidenciam também uma forte influência “local” nos níveis de ozono registados, uma vez que as características geográficas da estação (altitude, localização rural) são propícias ao registo de elevados níveis de concentração de ozono. ABSTRACT: In the past four years, measurements taken at Lamas de Olo measurement site showed high ozone levels. This remote site, located in the middle of Alvão Natural Park, 1086 m asl, plays a significant role on the total amount of exceedances registered in Portugal. The annual cycle of ozone concentrations recorded at this measurement site is characterised by a spring maximum (peaking during the month of April) which is a common feature at background sites in the Northern Hemisphere. Nevertheless it is during the Summer that the hourly concentrations are higher, due to the typical atmospheric and meteorological conditions which promote photochemical pollution episodes. Air masses back trajectories 96 hours before the arrival at the background station were simulated using HYSPLIT. A “bottom-up” cluster methodology was used to group trajectories into clusters according to their characteristics, and ozone mean levels were calculated for each cluster. This allowed to evaluate the role of long-range transport on the ozone levels recorded at Lamas de Olo. The results show a significant influence of the transport path on ozone concentrations, especially in the summer. Air masses from Europe (Spain, France, United Kingdom, etc.) generally originate higher ozone levels than the ones arriving from the Atlantic Ocean. This feature shows the role of photochemical production along long-range transport phenomena, and the input of pollutants into air masses, along their path. This study also suggested that the ozone levels are affected by the characteristics of the assessed site. The geographic location of Lamas de Olo (altitude, remote site) promotes the recording of high ozone levels.
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Coutinho, Nuno Miguel da Paz. "Economia cívica e políticas de desenvolvimento local." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/11370.
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Mestrado em Planeamento Regional e UrbanoO presente trabalho apresenta o conceito emergente de Economia Cívica como um caminho alternativo para o desenvolvimento sustentável local. Esse caminho alternativo parte da urgência de responder a desafios e dinâmicas que marcam a atualidade: uma profunda crise económica, o paradigma tecnológico open-source, e o paradigma da sustentabilidade. Tendo em conta a importância do conceito, a dissertação propõe-se a identificar um conjunto de princípios-guia para a formulação de políticas públicas de desenvolvimento local, de forma a potenciar aquilo que se entende por Economia Cívica.
This dissertation introduces the concept of Civic Economy as an alternative way to the local sustainable development. This alternative way arises from the urgency of addressing the challenges and dynamics that shape our present: a deep economic crisis, the open-source technological and the sustainability paradigms. Given the importance of the concept, the dissertation undertakes to identify a guideline of principles for the formulation of public policies for local development, in order to encourage what is known by Civic Economy.
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Lipke, Katrin, Max Zitzmann, Manuel Amberger, Carsten Ehlert, Dirk Rößler, Frank Krüger, and Matthias Ohrnberger. "Traveltime residuals at regional and teleseismic distances for SE-Asia." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1411/.
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Traveltime residuals for worldwide seismic stations are calculated. We use P and S waves from earthquakes in SE-Asia at teleseismic and regional distances. The obtained station residuals help to enhance earthquake localisation.
Furthermore we calculated regional source dependent station residuals. They show a systematic dependence of the locality of the source. These source dependent residuals reflect heterogenities along the path and can be used for a refinement of earthquake localisation.Laufzeitresiduen für weltweite seismische Stationen werden berechnet. Wir nutzen P - und S-Wellen von Erdbeben in Südostasien in teleseismischen und regionalen Distanzen. Die so erhaltenen Stationsresiduen helfen, die Lokaliesierung von Erdbeben zu verbessern. Außerdem berechnen wir regional quellabhängige Stationsresiduen. Diese zeigen eine systematische Abhänbgigkeit vom Ort der Quelle. Sie spiegeln Heterogenitäten entlang des Strahlweges wieder und können für eine Verfeinerung der Ersbebenlokaliesierung genutzt werden.
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Mildén, Mikael. "Local and regional dynamics of Succisa pratensis." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Botaniska institutionen, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-762.
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Land use change is considered to be one of the biggest threat to global species diversity. In Sweden, abandonment of grazing is one of the most common reasons for decline in species richness in semi-natural grasslands. Today semi-natural grasslands often occur as more or less isolated fragments. The result for species that benefits from grazing is a smaller area of suitable habitat and higher extinction risks and a lowered ability to colonize new areas. Succisa pratensis is a long-lived perennial plant that benefits from grazing and is common in Swedish semi-natural grasslands. I have assessed the performance of Succisa pratensis at various spatial and temporal scales, in a Swedish rural landscape. I performed demographic matrix modelling of populations at grazed and ungrazed sites. A regional level was then added, by incorporating data collected from a large number of populations and habitat types into the matrix models and extinction risks over 50 years were calculated. A dynamic metapopulation model was created and the regional dynamics, in terms of colonisations resulting from long distance dispersal and population extinctions were examined. The effects of management history were incorporated into the model by using historical maps. In addition, I made an analysis of the impact of management history on the distribution and performance of four grassland species, using vegetation maps from 1945 and 2001. Local dynamics of Succisa pratensis was negatively affected by abandonment of grazing. Recorded population sizes were ten times higher in grazed sites than in ungrazed. The turnover rate of the system was estimated to about one extinction or colonisation per year. Both the simulation study and the analyses of vegetation maps suggested a pronounced legacy of management history in Succisa pratensis in the study landscape. Overall, the results of this thesis demonstrate the importance of management history for species in the rural landscape.
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Eklöf, Anna. "Species extinctions in food webs : local and regional processes." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Teoretisk Biologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-51815.
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Loss of biodiversity is one of the most severe threats to the ecosystems of the world. The major causes behind the high population and species extinction rates are anthropogenic activities such as overharvesting of natural populations, pollution, climate change and destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats. There is an urgent need of understanding how these species losses affect the ecological structure and functioning of our ecosystems. Ecological communities exist in a landscape but the spatial aspects of community dynamics have until recently to large extent been ignored. However, the community’s response to species losses is likely to depend on both the structure of the local community as well as its interactions with surrounding communities. Also the characteristics of the species going extinct do affect how the community can cope with species loss. The overall goal of the present work has been to investigate how both local and regional processes affect ecosystem stability, in the context of preserved biodiversity and maintained ecosystem functioning. The focus is particularly on how these processes effects ecosystem’s response to species loss. To accomplish this goal I have formulated and analyzed mathematical models of ecological communities. We start by analyzing the local processes (Paper I and II) and continue by adding the regional processes (Paper III, IV and V). In Paper I we analyze dynamical models of ecological communities of different complexity (connectance) to investigate how the structure of the communities affects their resistance to species loss. We also investigate how the resistance is affected by the characteristics, like trophic level and connectivity, of the initially lost species. We find that complex communities are more resistant to species loss than simple communities. The loss of species at low trophic levels and/or with high connectivity (many links to other species) triggers, on average, the highest number of secondary extinctions. We also investigate the structure of the post-extinction community. Moreover, we compare our dynamical analysis with results from topological analysis to evaluate the importance of incorporating dynamics when assessing the risk and extent of cascading extinctions. The characteristics of a species, like its trophic position and connectivity (number of ingoing and outgoing trophic links) will affect the consequences of its loss as well as its own vulnerability to secondary extinction. In Paper II we characterize the species according to their trophic/ecological uniqueness, a new measure of species characteristic we develop in this paper. A species that has no prey or predators in common with any other species in the community will have a high tropic uniqueness. Here we examine the effect of secondary extinctions on an ecological community’s trophic diversity, the range of different trophic roles played by the species in a community. We find that secondary extinctions cause loss of trophic diversity greater than expected from chance. This occurs because more tropically unique species are more vulnerable to secondary extinctions. In Paper III, IV and V we expand the analysis to also include the spatial dimension. Paper III is a book chapter discussing spatial aspects of food webs. In Paper IV we analyze how metacommunities (a set of local communities in the landscape connected by species dispersal) respond to species loss and how this response is affected by the structure of the local communities and the number of patches in the metacommunity. We find that the inclusion of space reduces the risk of global and local extinctions and that lowly connected communities are more sensitive to species loss. In Paper V we investigate how the trophic structure of the local communities, the spatial structure of the landscape and the dispersal patterns of species affect the risk of local extinctions in the metacommunity. We find that the pattern of dispersal can have large effects on local diversity. Dispersal rate as well as dispersal distance are important: low dispersal rates and localized dispersal decrease the risk of local and global extinctions while high dispersal rates and global dispersal increase the risk. We also show that the structure of the local communities plays a significant role for the effects of dispersal on the dynamics of the metacommunity. The species that are most affected by the introduction of the spatial dimension are the top predators.
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Torres, Ledesma César Enrique. "Non linear ellipter equations with non-local regional operators." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115927.
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Doctor en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Mención Modelación MatemáticaEsta tesis consiste de cinco partes. En la primera parte se considera el problema de Dirichlet lineal y no lineal con una difusi\'on no local regional definido implicitamente por \!\!donde $0< \alpha < 1$, $\rho \in C(\overline)$ y $\lambda dist(x,\partial \Omega) \leq \rho (x) \leq dist(x, \partial \Omega)$ con $\lambda \in (0,1]$, $x\in \Omega$. Haciendo uso del teorema de Lax-Milgran y el Teorema del paso de la monta\~na se demuestra la existencia de soluciones d\'ebiles. En la segunda parte, se considera la ecuaci\'on de Schr\"odinger no lineal con difusi\'on no local regional {\small \begin{eqnarray}\label{Aeq04-} \epsilon^{2\alpha} (-\Delta)_{\rho}^{\alpha}u + u = f(u) \quad \mbox{in}\quad \mathbb{R}^{n},\quad u \in H^{\alpha}(\mathbb{R}^{n}), \end{eqnarray}} \!\!donde $0< \alpha <1$, $\epsilon>0$, $n\geq 2$ y $f:\mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ es super-lineal y tiene un crecimiento sub-critico. El operador $(-\Delta)_{\rho}^{\alpha}$ es el laplaciano no local regional, con rango de alcance determinado por una funci\'on positiva $\rho \in C(\mathbb{R}^{n}, \mathbb{R}^{+})$ y definido por {\small \begin{eqnarray}\label{Aeq05-} \int_{\mathbb{R}^{n}} \!\!\!\!(-\Delta)_{\rho}^{\alpha} uvdx = \int_{\mathbb{R}^{n}}\!\!\int_{B(0,\rho (x))} \!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\frac{[u(x+z) - u(x)][v(x+z) - v(x)]}{|z|^{n+2\alpha}}dzdx. \end{eqnarray}} \!\!Se prueba la existencia de soluci\'on d\'ebil para (\ref{Aeq04-}) aplicando el Teorema del paso de la monta\~na al funcional $I_{\rho}$ definido en $H_{\rho}^{\alpha}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$, combinado con un argumento de comparaci\'on creado por Rabinowitz. El objetivo principal de la tercera parte es estudiar el comportamiento de concentraci\'on de la soluci\'on d\'ebil de la ecuaci\'on (\ref{Aeq04-}) con $f(s) = s^{p}$, cuando $\epsilon \to 0$. En la cuarta parte se estudia el resultado de simetr\'ia para las soluciones ground state de (\ref{Aeq04-}). Para tal prop\'osito, se combina los rearreglos de funciones con los m\'etodos variacionales. Finalmente, se considera un sistema Hamiltoniano fraccionario {\small \begin{eqnarray}\label{Aeq08-} _{t}D_{\infty}^{\alpha}(_{-\infty}D_{t}^{\alpha}u(t)) + L(t)u(t) = & \nabla W(t,u(t)) \end{eqnarray}} \!\!donde $\alpha \in (1/2,1)$, $t\in \mathbb{R}$, $u\in \mathbb{R}^{n}$, $L\in C(\mathbb{R}, \mathbb{R}^{n\times n})$ es una matriz sim\'etrica positiva definida para todo $t\in \mathbb{R}$, $W\in C^{1}(\mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R}^{n}, \mathbb{R})$ y $\nabla W (t,u)$ es el gradiente de $W$ en $u$. Se demuestra que (\ref{Aeq08-}) posee al menos una soluci\'on no trivial via el Teorema del paso de la monta\~na.
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Lammers, Richard B. "Extending hydroecological simulation models from local to regional scales." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0005/NQ35216.pdf.
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McGee, P. S. T. "ERDF regional aid : Improving access for UK local authorities." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234456.
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Serpas, Juan Gilberto. "Local and regional geoid determination from vector airborne gravimetry." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1066757143.
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Campbell, Carol. "'Scottishness', 'Partnership' and 'Efficiency' : exploring devolved school management and local government reorganisation within the local education system." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23747.
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This thesis explores the reorganisation of schools and education authorities in Scotland. National implementation of Devolved School Management (DSM) began in 1994. Two years later, Local Government Reorganisation (Reorganisation) occurred. Each policy signified a reorganisation of the education system. The thesis argues the need to consider the combination of DSM and Reorganisation in policy and practice, particularly for the roles and relationships of schools and education authorities. Therefore, the initiation, interpretation and implementation of DSM and Reorganisation over time and across 25 schools and 11 education authorities are researched. There is no previous research on this specific area of inquiry. Hence, the thesis is exploratory. The thesis develops debate about research and analyses of education policy. Influenced by and seeking to develop policy sociology, the method is qualitative. DSM and Reorganisation are interpreted within their historical, political, cultural, social, economic and institutional contexts. The need to explore issues of and linkages between structure and agency is debated. Consideration of discourse is developed to explore the nature of policies, perceptions of persons involved, the linkages to previous developments and the discursively articulated influence of structure and agency. It is suggested three central discourses characterise Scottish education policy. 'Scottishness' posits the distinctive, collective and egalitarian nature of Scottish education. The post-war 'Partnership' advocates a 'national system, locally administered' promoting 'equality of opportunity'. Both discourses have been challenged since the 1970s by an economic discourse of 'Efficiency' valuing market forces and managerialism. The thesis explores the developing and dynamic discourses and the perceptions and practices of policies at school and education authority levels. The perception and promotion of a 'Scottish dimension' within a British state and arguably global reorganisation of education indicates the complex inter-relationships between structure and agency, as articulated in discourses and affecting developing policies such as DSM and Reorganisation.
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Alfaraj, Naif Faraj Saad. "Enhancing public participation in regional development : the case of Riyadh Regional Council." Thesis, Curtin University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2227.
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This thesis examines public participation in regional development in Saudi Arabia at the local government level. The main objective of the study examines the current policies and practices of Riyadh Regional Council with regard to regional development, paying particular attention to the issue of public participation. Key decision-makers and decision locations are identified as focal points of policy development and implementation. The work begins from the premise that public participation is one of the key elements of effective regional policy that has so far been under-researched and consequently under-utilised in the Saudi Arabian context. The research opens by examining the national and cultural context of regional development in Saudi Arabia. It identifies and examines the relationship between policy development and the traditions and constitutional arrangements. These considerations are followed by an interrogation of the literature that reveals a range of concepts and perspectives on regional development and public participation. Of particular relevance to this study is the importance of the ‘institutional turn’ in regional development and the role of public participation in enhancing the functioning of those institutions associated with regional development. Saudi Arabia has an economy that is largely dependent on revenues generated from the export of crude and refined petrochemicals. This places Saudi Arabia in a category of nations that are liable to suffer from the ‘resource curse’. The literature suggests that avoiding this particular phenomenon is in part dependent on having robust institutions. This firmly connects the research problem to previous research and provides a sound rationale for the conduct of the study.Interpretivism is advanced as a suitable philosophical framework for the conduct of the research. It offers a methodological rationale for a case study investigation that draws on a range of qualitative data sources. Such an approach is especially useful for examining situations that are bound in time and space and can provide theoretical and practical insights that are useful in other contexts. This research presents new insights into how local government in Saudi Arabia can develop strategies for enhancing public participation in the creation of regional development policies and practices. There has been recent rapid economic development in Saudi Arabia that has influenced overall planning directions and development achievements and made it possible for the government to achieve systematic progress in long-term economic diversification into industrialisation, education, health, transport, and communication and social services. Even so, the Saudi Arabian government is concerned about increasing public participation in all areas. The formation of the regional councils in 1992 can be considered as a step towards public participation in the socio-economic development of their regions. However, the findings of this research demonstrate that there is a need for creating new policies and techniques to help regional councils in improving their performance to meet the needs of their citizens, and public participation is a key to achieving this end. To do this it is recommended that the councils should be granted executive and legislative authority to enable them to take adequate decisions and work together with citizens in ways that will increase their participation leading to enhanced transparency and accountability and effective regional development policy.Following the findings, a set of recommendations are provided to improve the role of Riyadh Regional Council in enhancing public participation in regional development. This thesis closes with suggestions and directions for future research with regard to the potential contribution to the public sector management literature. The findings of this research provide benefits for policy makers to correct, maintain, and eliminate any obstacles facing administrative policies and consequently provide a long-term strategy that could incrementally be implemented in stages throughout time. The research methods, ideas and insights developed here could also be adapted and applied to other nations facing similar issues.
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Davis, Stephanie D. "Why Local Governments Collaborate: Perspectives from Elected Officials and Local Government Managers on Regional Collaboration." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5598.
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This study examined the factors that influence a local government’s decision to engage in regional collaborations. Analysis of 7 local government managers and eleven elected officials revealed that the decision to engage in regional collaboration was influenced by external factors, organizational factors, and internal motivations. Elected officials and local government managers identified a disaster occurrence, fiscal stress, outside agencies, jurisdictional benefit, and communication as key factors. Further, this research highlights the importance of the role of the elected official in intergovernmental arrangements, the role of the local government manager as the policy entrepreneur, and the influence of shared norms and values.
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Cardoso, Luciane Ferreira. "Desenvolvimento local e participação." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/107554.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração, Florianópolis, 2013.Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-06T00:26:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 318584.pdf: 2147158 bytes, checksum: dace50514abaeffd0b018e1fd0ad4688 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
O Governo Federal, por meio do Programa Territórios da Cidadania, tem fomentado ações descentralizadas e participativas, visando maior desenvolvimento social e sustentável das populações que vivem nos territórios rurais do Brasil. Uma vez que o programa credita à gestão social um papel fundamental na articulação do desenvolvimento desses territórios, neste trabalho buscou-se analisar o Programa Territórios da Cidadania na região Meio Oeste Contestado, em Santa Catarina, considerando a presença da gestão social nos espaços de decisão do Colegiado Territorial e a participação dos atores sociais nesse processo. A pergunta que norteou a presente investigação foi: há, de fato, abertura dos espaços de decisão à comunidade local no âmbito do programa? A metodologia escolhida para realizar o estudo constituiu-se, em primeiro momento, de uma análise bibliográfica e documental, seguida da pesquisa empírica, onde foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, com questões abertas, junto a membros e ex-membros do Colegiado Territorial na região Meio Oeste Catarinense. A análise dos dados coletados foi feita conforme a Matriz de Análise de Categorias de processos decisórios participativos, desenvolvida por Tenório et al (2008). As categorias estudadas foram: Processo de discussão, Inclusão, Pluralismo, Autonomia e Bem Comum. Os resultados mostram que existe abertura parcial na tomada de decisão. Os representantes do Estado, em sua maioria, defendem que os atores estão comprometidos e que a metodologia ajuda o grupo a crescer. Já os representantes da sociedade civil argumentam que interesses privados ainda se sobrepõem aos coletivos, e que muitas vezes a tomada de decisão é centralizada entre uma minoria. Além disso, relatos apontam para ação pouco efetiva por parte da comunidade local, devido à incompreensão da necessidade de participação conjunta com o poder público, muito provavelmente explicada pela novidade do programa. Apesar das inúmeras divergências e conflitos relatados pelos membros do Colegiado, todos demonstraram orgulho em fazer parte da gestão dessa política, e mais importante, reconhecem que houve abertura dos espaços de decisão após implantação do programa, embora não como gostariam. Diante disso, aponta-se para a necessidade de se desenvolver estratégias de maior envolvimento dos segmentos da sociedade e dos próprios delegados, valorizando a cidadania deliberativa e a gestão social do processo. Nessa perspectiva, o fortalecimento dos processos de comunicação internos (definição dos objetivos e papéis de cada um) e externos (transparência dos atos), também pode auxiliar no fortalecimento do Programa. Acredita-se que essas ações específicas, conjuntamente do amadurecimento gradual dos delegados, e de um maior número de projetos implantados na região, a prática tornar-se-á mais legítima, representando o anseio dos cidadãos e por eles sendo de fato reconhecida
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Brice, Sarah Louise, and sarahlbrice@gmail com. "Regional Immunosuppression for Corneal Transplantation." Flinders University. Medicine, 2010. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20100811.113448.
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Corneal transplantation is performed to restore vision or to relieve pain in patients with damaged or diseased corneas. However, approximately 40% of corneal allografts fail after 10 years. The most common cause of graft failure is irreversible immunological rejection, primarily mediated by CD4+ T cells, despite the topical application of glucocorticosteroids. The aim of this project was to investigate the anatomic site of antigen presentation during corneal transplantation in the rat, by using a lentiviral vector to express an anti-CD4 antibody fragment at potential sites of antigen presentation, including the donor corneal endothelium, the anterior segment of the eye and the cervical lymph nodes.
Dual-gene lentiviral vectors were constructed by inserting the 2A self-processing sequence between two transgenes. This allowed expression of two transgenes within a single open reading frame. In vitro characterisation of the dual-gene vectors was performed in cell culture experiments, which showed that transgenic proteins were expressed at lower levels from dual-gene vectors compared to the expression from single-gene vectors and expression was lowest when the transgene was situated downstream of the 2A self-processing sequence.
To locate the anatomic site of antigen presentation during corneal transplantation in rats, a lentiviral vector carrying an anti-CD4 antibody fragment was delivered to the corneal endothelium either immediately prior to corneal transplantation by ex vivo transduction of the donor corneas, or 5 days prior to corneal transplantation by anterior chamber injection into both the recipient and the donor rats. A separate group of recipient rats received intranodal injections of the lentiviral vector carrying an anti-CD4 antibody fragment into the cervical lymph nodes 2 days prior to corneal transplantation. Another group of rats underwent bilateral lymphadenectomy of the cervical lymph nodes 7 days prior to corneal transplantation. Corneal allografts were scored daily for opacity, inflammation and neovascularisation. Expression of the anti-CD4 antibody fragment from transduced tissues was detected using flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction. Modest, but significant prolongation of corneal allograft survival was experienced by rats that received ex vivo transduction of the donor corneas with a lentiviral vector carrying an anti-CD4 antibody fragment immediately prior to corneal transplantation, but all grafts did eventually reject. Anterior chamber injection of the lentiviral vector carrying the anti-CD4 antibody fragment 5 days prior to corneal transplantation into both recipient and donor eyes did not prolong allograft survival. Intranodal injection of a lentiviral vector carrying an anti-CD4 antibody fragment did not prolong the survival of the corneal allografts, nor did bilateral lymphadenectomy of the cervical lymph nodes 7 days prior to corneal transplantation.
Neither expression of the anti-CD4 antibody fragment in the cervical lymph nodes nor the removal of these nodes was able to prolong corneal allograft survival in rats, suggesting that T cell sensitisation could potentially occur elsewhere in the body. However, expression of the anti-CD4 antibody fragment from the donor corneal endothelium was able to prolong corneal allograft survival, suggesting that some antigen presentation might occur within the anterior segment of the eye. Based on the findings described in this thesis and those of others, I propose that antigen presentation in the rat occurs within anterior segment of the eye and within the secondary lymphoid tissues such as the cervical lymph nodes, and that inhibiting antigen presentation at one of these sites will delay graft rejection. However, to completely abolish antigen presentation during corneal transplantation in the rat, I hypothesise that antigen presentation within both the anterior segment of the eye and within the secondary lymphoid tissues must be inhibited.
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Jacobs, John Clinton. "Ad hoc regions : applying regional concepts to solve local problems /." Search for this dissertation online, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
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Gutsell, S. L. "Understanding forest dynamics incorporating both local and regional ecological processes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq64863.pdf.
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Kasoar, Matthew. "Local and remote impacts of regional aerosol emissions on climate." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/42501.
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Aerosols are short-lived in the atmosphere, and so their distribution and climate forcing is very inhomogeneous. To understand the behaviour of the climate system in response to inhomogeneous forcing, and to inform emission policy choices, we must investigate how emissions from individual geographic regions affect the climate regionally and globally. I present here the results of two interwoven modelling studies. First, I analyse the simulated temperature response to perturbing sulfur dioxide emissions over a specific region – China – in three current generation climate models. Second, I systematically investigate with a single model the temperature and precipitation responses to black carbon and sulfur dioxide emissions from the United States, Europe, East Asia, and India. These simulations reveal in the first instance that there is very large uncertainty around aerosol-climate interactions in present climate models. Removing SO2 emissions from China results in a six-fold difference in the optical depth and short-wave flux changes over China between different models, and the resulting surface temperature response is poorly constrained. However, the subsequent systematic perturbations indicate that in the event the regional forcing is large, then there are striking features of the climate response that are consistent across different perturbation locations. Emission changes always result not only in a strong local response around the emission region, but also a strong remote response, the pattern of which is insensitive to the original location of emission changes. There is, however, variation in the efficacy with which emissions from different regions force the climate, with US and European sulphur dioxide emission changes having a larger effect than East Asian emission changes. The results presented here are relevant for understanding the effect of potential future emission controls, and also for understanding how the climate responds to different localised forcings, which has not been tested in complex coupled climate models previously.
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Kamal, Mark 1976. "Management of regional local content regulations at Dell Computer Corporation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84350.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-86).
by Mark Kamal.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Bento, Avelino Fernando Pinheiro. "o teatro e o desenvolvimento sócio-cultural local e regional." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22623.
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Doutoramento em Ciências e Tecnologias da ComunicaçãoO princípio que suporta esta investigação está associado a uma urgência na mudança sócio-cultural em contexto de desenvolvimento local. Por ter uma dimensão transversal e multidisciplinar, que lhe atribui alguma originalidade e pela inexistência de referências de investigação sobre esta temática em Portugal, este trabalho constitui assim, um primeiro passo no estudo contextualizado do teatro e da animação sócio-cultural. Incide na dinamização cultural das cidades de Évora e de Portalegre, a partir das dinâmicas culturais instituídas e do envolvimento do teatro nessas mesmas dinâmicas. Como metodologia, foi desenvolvido um trabalho exploratório com características de estudo de caso com vista a “isolar” o núcleo do problema central - “como poderá o teatro (através de duas das suas formas de expressão, a expressão dramática e arte dramática), apoiado nos vectores de investigação, criação e animação, contribuir para um desenvolvimento sócio-cultural local e regional amplo e integrador?” O estudo desenvolve-se a partir de quatro pontos essenciais: a inserção da pesquisa em contexto geográfico limitado à região do Alto Alentejo (Évora e Portalegre); a redução da problemática do desenvolvimento às questões do desenvolvimento sócio-cultural local e regional; a evidenciação das convergências e divergências entre Évora e Portalegre no que diz respeito às políticas culturais, projectos, dinâmicas e estratégias culturais, questionados em contexto de desenvolvimento; finalmente, a análise da participação das populações na acção cultural a partir do leque de necessidades e interesses manifestados pelas populações em contexto de questionários e entrevistas. Os quatro pontos enformam algumas questões orientadoras da pesquisa, designadamente no que diz respeito à percepção de particularidades e dinâmicas sócio-culturais distintas em cada uma das cidades estudadas. A tentativa de resposta a estas questões orientadoras permitiu entender o modo como o poder (central e local) assume as suas responsabilidades nesta matéria, já que os agentes culturais locais e regionais se assumem como sujeito da dinâmica cultural. O teatro, particularmente pela sua condição de arte plural, poderá, então, fomentar a criação de hábitos culturais e ajudar a compreender o modo como o desenvolvimento sócio-cultural local e regional é sinónimo de mudança. Esta problematização permitiu, como tese, considerar o teatro um objecto facilitador das mudanças sócio-culturais, partindo da afirmação conjunta da tradição e da inovação, envolvendo a estética, a criação, a animação e a educação. Também permitiu considerar o teatro um instrumento de reflexão social, tornando o espectador activo e criativo no seu próprio desenvolvimento e no desenvolvimento qualitativo da sua comunidade. Por tudo isto, esta tese levou a construir um cenário de intervenção sócio-cultural local e regional que poderá vir a funcionar como um instrumento de acção capaz de nivelar os patamares sócio-culturais de ambas as cidades, permitindo o alargamento do público e, concomitantemente, criando fidelidades nas práticas artísticas e culturais. Tal realidade só será possível na articulação entre os quadros sectoriais (do quadro 58 ao 65), que organizam aquele instrumento de intervenção sócio-cultural, cuja tónica está assente nas relações do teatro com as instituições com responsabilidades no desenvolvimento sócio-cultural. O cenário em questão será, desse modo, o corolário de uma intervenção sócio-cultural capaz de contribuir para a valorização e autenticidade da afirmação cultural de Évora e de Portalegre.
The principle underlying this research is associated to an urgent need for a social and cultural change in a local development context. This way, the study focus on the cultural dynamics of the towns of Évora and Portalegre, resulting from the established cultural dynamics and from the potential involvement of the theatre in those dynamics. Methodologically speaking, an exploratory work with characteristics of a case study is carried out, in order to "isolate" the fundamental aspect of our main problem - how can theatre, supported by vectors as investigation, creation and animation (through two of its representation forms, dramatic expression and dramatic art) contribute to a wide and integrated local and regional socio-cultural development? The study develops from four main points: a) the insertion of the research in a geographic context limited to the Alto-Alentejo region (Évora and Portalegre), b) the reduction of the development problematic to the issues of the local and regional socio-cultural development, c) making clear the convergences and divergences between Évora and Portalegre, as far as cultural policies, cultural projects, dynamics and strategies are concerned, discussed in a development context. Finally, the analysis of the participation of the population in the cultural action through a wide range of needs and interests shown by the population in interviews and questionaries. The four points shape some questions that guide the research, relating to the perception of particular aspects and different social and cultural dynamics in each of the studied towns. Attempting to answer these guiding questions allowed an understanding of the way the political power (central and local) undertakes its responsibilities to this regard, since local and regional cultural agents assume themselves as the subject of cultural dynamics. Theatre can thus instigate, particularly through its plural art condition, the creation of cultural habits and help to understand how local and regional sociocultural development is a synonym of change. This problematisation allowed, as a thesis, to consider theatre an object that makes socio-cultural changes easier, based on the joint affirmation of tradition and innovation, involving aesthetics, creation, animation and education. It also allowed the consideration of theatre as an instrument of social reflection, making the audience active and creative in their own development and in the qualitative development of their community. These are the reasons why this thesis led to the creation of a local and regional social-cultural intervention scenario. Finally, the third point, the presentation of the local and regional socio-cultural intervention scenario that may act as an action instrument of cultural intervention, able to level the social and cultural stages of both towns, enlarge the audience and simultaneously, create fidelity in artistic and cultural practices. This can only be possible through the articulation and management of the sectorial frameworks (from 58 to 65) that organise the social and cultural scenario, whose focus is on the relationship of the theatre with the institutions with responsibilities on social and cultural development. The scenario will thus be the corner stone of a social and cultural intervention that may contribute to the valuing of the authenticity of the cultural affirmation of Évora and Portalegre.
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Tu, Yong. "Local housing submarket structure and regional household housing choice behaviour." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 1995. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/3603.
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As home ownership in the UK housing market has become mature, economic and econometric analyses of urban and regional owner-occupier housing markets have become a long-standing concern of housing economists. This thesis defines a nestedl ocal housing submarkets tructureT. he dynamic stock flow model with trade friction is revised and applied to analysing the local owner occupier housing submarket operational process. The short run and long run equilibrium and discquilibrium nature of a local owner occupier housing submarkct system are divulged. This model explores the submarket house price determinants and the role of housing submarket trade friction in submarket house price formation. The computer simulation reveals the relationship between the housing submarket structure and the system stability. The role of household housing choice behaviour in directing the system has been carefully demonstrated. On the premise of the utility maximisation approach, a behavioural model of regional household housing choice per housing submarket is set up. It is argued that the structure of the regional labour market determines household dwelling location choice. The influence of housing submarket marketability (defined as an inverse of the submarket trade friction) on household housing choice behaviour is considered. The family life cycle pattern of housing choice behaviour and the influence of household financial constraints on housing choice are also developed in the model. The empirical analysis is based on both Stated and Revealed preference information in order to overcome the dwelling supply constraint. The data is derived from the Lothian Region owner occupier housing market. The empirical results are compared with those of the existing housing choice models. The policy implications which follow from this thesis are then discussed in the light of the findings
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Byun, Pillsung. "Spillovers and local growth control in California." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289997.
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Traditional explanations of suburbanization in the United States focus on spatial mobility, consumer demand, federal policies, and deteriorating quality of life in central cities. Other, more recent, explanations associate suburbanization with market failures. These two paths of explanation, however, fail to acknowledge the role of growth control and management as factors fueling the outward extension of metropolitan regions. Growth control and management emerged in the 1970s as a way of tackling the costs of suburbanization, but they were not applied consistently across metropolitan regions. Instead, their use was determined locally in most cases, which led to a patch-work pattern of growth control in metropolitan regions. This pattern, in turn, fueled "spillovers," where the imposition of growth control measures in suburban communities led homebuilders and residents to seek other suburban communities with no, or less stringent, growth controls. Although several scholars acknowledge the presence of spillovers, few have studied them directly. This dissertation investigates the spillovers generated by the price effects of local growth controls, as a mechanism underlying U.S. suburbanization. Using spatial econometric modeling as well as statistical and GIS map-based analyses, the dissertation targets the State of California and, specifically, the state's major metropolitan regions--Los Angeles and San Francisco--from the mid-1970s to the early 1990s. First, the study analyzes the price effects of growth controls in California, focusing on their impacts on local housing construction. The analysis finds that restrictive residential zoning, as a control suppressing permitted residential densities, has the effect of restricting housing construction. However, in contrast to expectation, urban growth boundaries accommodate homebuilding rather than constraining it, and population growth or housing permit caps and adequate public facility ordinances have no significant effects. Second, the study develops an index of spillovers, and categorizes localities of California as spillover origins or destinations with the index values. The index is based on a quasi-experimental approach that uses a temporal control and a model of local homebuilding. Third, I discuss the outward progression of spillovers given diffusion of growth controls in the politically fragmented metropolitan regions of California. For this, my dissertation explores the spatial distribution of spillover origins and destinations and investigates the relationship to local growth controls, especially at the metropolitan scale. The discussion provides a likely picture of suburbanization: in metropolitan regions growth controls spread to produce clusters of spillover origins at core areas, and this diffusion promotes spillovers to progress beyond the clusters towards outlying areas, thereby reinforcing suburbanization.
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Dundes, Ana Cláudia [UNESP]. "Região do devir e região do atraso: discurso e representações sobre a região de Presidente Prudente-SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105076.
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Esta tese refere-se ao estudo da Região de Presidente Prudente, localizada no oeste do Estado de São Paulo, que se constituiu no auge da expansão da cultura cafeeira paulista no século XX. Trata-se de um estudo de Geografia Regional, que se aproxima da Geografia Histórica, buscando compreender a partir do discurso regional as representações sociais sobre a região e os significados políticos dessas representações. O veículo escolhido para a apreensão do discurso foi o jornal mais antigo da região, ainda editado, que é simultaneamente também um dos sujeitos produtores do discurso regional. O jornal, documento de domínio público, é reconhecido nesta tese como um espaço de diálogo de atores sociais (jornalistas, acadêmicos, empresários, políticos etc.) que enunciam e têm a região como importante base territorial nas relações de poder. No conjunto de discursos apreendidos no jornal e de três obras referenciais sobre a formação da região, identificou-se através das diferentes denominações e imagens regionais, contidas nesses discursos, representações sociais sobre a região. Do Sertão do Vale do Paranapanema à Região de Presidente Prudente, passando pela Alta Sorocabana e 10ª Região Administrativa, percorreu-se sua história centenária identificando duas formas como a região é representada socialmente: a região do devir e a região do atraso. Dessa identificação, levantou-se a hipótese de que o discurso, político em sua essência, significa e ressignifica a região tornando suas fronteiras voláteis e indefinidas, atuando no sentido de ampliá-las, o que demonstra que a região tem grande importância nas relações de poder que se dão em âmbito regional. A região é, portanto, além de um espaço de identidade e convivência, um espaço de conveniência política.
This study is about Presidente Prudente s region in the west of São Paulo State. This region was constituted in the summit of the coffee plantation expansion in São Paulo State in the century XX. Through to Regional Geography study and the Historical Geography it s looking for to understand the regional speech and social representations and the political meanings of them. The local oldest newspaper play a part of the role to building this regional speech then it was chosen to indentify theirs subjects. This thesis uses a newspaper like a recognized public document whose is a space for dialogue between social subjects (journalists, academics, entrepreneurs, political etc.). Those subjects enunciate and consider the region as well as important territorial base in the relationships of power. In the group of speeches studied in this newspaper and others three referencial academic works it was possible to identify differents denominations for regional imaginary means contained in those speeches and social representations. From the of Paranapanema Valley to Presidente Prudente Region, going by Alta Sorocabana and 10th Administrative Region, it was traveled by centennial history identifying two forms socially represented: the region of the devir (to become economically developed) and the region of the delay (to fail economically). The hypothesis building is that a regional speech gives significations and new signifactaions for region that turning their borders volatile and indefinite. The effect of indefined borders is acting in the sense to enlarge the region area influence, what demonstrates that has great power importance in this space. The region is, therefore, the space of social identity and coexistence and the space of political conveniences.
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Alfaraj, Naif Faraj Saad. "Enhancing public participation in regional development : the case of Riyadh Regional Council." Curtin University of Technology, Curtin Business School, School of Management, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18628.
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This thesis examines public participation in regional development in Saudi Arabia at the local government level. The main objective of the study examines the current policies and practices of Riyadh Regional Council with regard to regional development, paying particular attention to the issue of public participation. Key decision-makers and decision locations are identified as focal points of policy development and implementation. The work begins from the premise that public participation is one of the key elements of effective regional policy that has so far been under-researched and consequently under-utilised in the Saudi Arabian context. The research opens by examining the national and cultural context of regional development in Saudi Arabia. It identifies and examines the relationship between policy development and the traditions and constitutional arrangements. These considerations are followed by an interrogation of the literature that reveals a range of concepts and perspectives on regional development and public participation. Of particular relevance to this study is the importance of the ‘institutional turn’ in regional development and the role of public participation in enhancing the functioning of those institutions associated with regional development. Saudi Arabia has an economy that is largely dependent on revenues generated from the export of crude and refined petrochemicals. This places Saudi Arabia in a category of nations that are liable to suffer from the ‘resource curse’. The literature suggests that avoiding this particular phenomenon is in part dependent on having robust institutions. This firmly connects the research problem to previous research and provides a sound rationale for the conduct of the study.Interpretivism is advanced as a suitable philosophical framework for the conduct of the research. It offers a methodological rationale for a case study investigation that draws on a range of qualitative data sources. Such an approach is especially useful for examining situations that are bound in time and space and can provide theoretical and practical insights that are useful in other contexts. This research presents new insights into how local government in Saudi Arabia can develop strategies for enhancing public participation in the creation of regional development policies and practices. There has been recent rapid economic development in Saudi Arabia that has influenced overall planning directions and development achievements and made it possible for the government to achieve systematic progress in long-term economic diversification into industrialisation, education, health, transport, and communication and social services. Even so, the Saudi Arabian government is concerned about increasing public participation in all areas. The formation of the regional councils in 1992 can be considered as a step towards public participation in the socio-economic development of their regions. However, the findings of this research demonstrate that there is a need for creating new policies and techniques to help regional councils in improving their performance to meet the needs of their citizens, and public participation is a key to achieving this end. To do this it is recommended that the councils should be granted executive and legislative authority to enable them to take adequate decisions and work together with citizens in ways that will increase their participation leading to enhanced transparency and accountability and effective regional development policy.
Following the findings, a set of recommendations are provided to improve the role of Riyadh Regional Council in enhancing public participation in regional development. This thesis closes with suggestions and directions for future research with regard to the potential contribution to the public sector management literature. The findings of this research provide benefits for policy makers to correct, maintain, and eliminate any obstacles facing administrative policies and consequently provide a long-term strategy that could incrementally be implemented in stages throughout time. The research methods, ideas and insights developed here could also be adapted and applied to other nations facing similar issues.
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Joosse, Sofie. "Is it local? : A study about the social production of local and regional foods and goods." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-234568.
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Local and regional products are often attributed positive qualities, such as a potential for developing Europe’s rural regions economically and reconnecting producers and consumers in more sustainable food systems. However, they are broad categories that include many different understandings. What is a local or a regional (food) product? Who gets to define and construct what products qualify as regional products and local food’? And most interestingly, what do these processes of meaning creation look like? This dissertation investigates the processes in which meaning and value are attributed to regional and local products. These processes are conceptualised as qualification and include sense-making, curating, positioning and labelling. Paper I focuses on sense-making and studies consumers’ everyday food choices. The study shows how these consumers talk similarly about local food but engage in surprisingly different food practices. I explain this finding by demonstrating how local food ideas are translated in practices influenced by identity work, social negotiation and logistics in the everyday. Paper II studies the role of curation for consumers’ ‘quest for good (local) food’. It shows how intermediaries, such as food apps and food boxes, curate, i.e. sort, evaluate and ascribe value(s) to products that, in turn, inform consumers’ food choice. Paper III focuses on positioning and presents a historical case study of the regional product Zeeland madder. I demonstrate that even if the link between a regional product and a place is highly unique, the ways in which a product obtains its regional identity is based on recognisable patterns in qualification. Paper IV focuses on labelling and evaluates theoretical explanations for the uneven distribution of labelled regional food over Europe through a statistical analysis. The findings highlight the need to differentiate between mechanisms for regional labels and those for regional food. I argue that the variety of understandings and practices constituting local and regional foods and goods often lie out of view; the general tendency is to assume that we all intuitively know what local and regional is. In this dissertation I problematise this tendency through an explicit focus on the processes that socially produce local and regional products.
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Calheiros, António Almeida. "Globalização e desenvolvimento local : que futuro para os territórios desfavorecidos?" Master's thesis, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/15081.
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Partimos para esta dissertação com o pressuposto de que os modelos de desenvolvimento têm de interligar natureza, património, identidade e qualidade de vida. O trabalho gira em torno de quatro grandes eixos: enquadramento teórico-conceptual; estudo de caso sobre o concelho de Terras de Bouro, o qual pretende apenas ser meramente ilustrativo; visão dos empresários sobre o concelho de terras de Bouro e respectiva SWOT e, finalmente crítica.(...)
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Calheiros, António Almeida. "Globalização e desenvolvimento local : que futuro para os territórios desfavorecidos?" Dissertação, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2003. http://aleph.letras.up.pt/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&request=000135700.
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Partimos para esta dissertação com o pressuposto de que os modelos de desenvolvimento têm de interligar natureza, património, identidade e qualidade de vida. O trabalho gira em torno de quatro grandes eixos: enquadramento teórico-conceptual; estudo de caso sobre o concelho de Terras de Bouro, o qual pretende apenas ser meramente ilustrativo; visão dos empresários sobre o concelho de terras de Bouro e respectiva SWOT e, finalmente crítica.(...)
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Timpson, Kellee C. "Local land preservation in Washington /." Online version, 2009. http://content.wwu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/theses&CISOPTR=311&CISOBOX=1&REC=11.
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Marinho, Raphael Campana. "Trajetória e perspectivas econômicas de Muriaé - MG: o papel dos atores locais na articulação do desenvolvimento econômico." Volta Redonda, 2016. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/5962.
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O objetivo central deste trabalho é descrever o processo de evolução econômica de Muriaé - MG e analisar as perspectivas de desenvolvimento a partir dos atores locais. Até o início do século passado, a cidade de Muriaé e a Zona da Mata Mineira se beneficiaram dos impulsos de desenvolvimento e do prestígio político-econômico que o cultivo e a comercialização do café proporcionaram para o Brasil. Porém, nas últimas décadas, a cidade e a mesorregião enfrentam um cenário de dificuldades econômicas e de baixo desenvolvimento. Diante desse cenário, como tem sido a atuação dos atores e das instituições locais para o desenvolvimento local de Muriaé? No levantamento bibliográfico, faz-se uma breve revisão das principais abordagens teóricas sobre desenvolvimento regional, além do apontamento de características, estratégias e políticas de desenvolvimento local e de uma pequena revisão acerca da relação universidade-empresa e do panorama da cadeia têxtil e de confecções. O método utilizado na pesquisa é o estudo de caso. Em um primeiro momento, é realizada a coleta de informações por meio de dados secundários de domínio público e, posteriormente, a realização de vinte entrevistas semiestruturadas junto a atores locais do município. Os atores locais pesquisados foram selecionados intencionalmente, com o objetivo de explorar os diferentes tipos de organizações e as opiniões sobre o desenvolvimento local. Quanto aos resultados, a pesquisa aponta os diversos ciclos econômicos ocorridos em Muriaé: o cultivo do café, a pecuária leiteira, as oficinas mecânicas e o setor de moda e confecção. A pesquisa também indica a relevância e o caráter endógeno do setor de moda e confecção de Muriaé através da existência de uma estrutura de suporte ao desenvolvimento composta por diversas organizações, com destaque para as atuações do Conselho de Desenvolvimento Econômico, Social e Cultural de Muriaé e Região (CONDESC), do Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas (SEBRAE) e da Secretaria Municipal de Desenvolvimento Econômico (SMDE). As perspectivas de desenvolvimento de Muriaé na ótica dos atores locais são promissoras. No entanto, ainda existe um certo distanciamento entre as organizações e os usuários finais das ações. Percebe-se que o município ainda carece de algo que auxilie todas as forças que atuam nesse processo a convergir para o mesmo ponto.
The main objective of this work is to describe the process of economic development of Muriaé - MG and analyze the development prospects from local actors. Until the beginning of last century, the city of Muriaé and the Zona da Mata Mineira benefited from the development of impulses and the political and economic prestige that the cultivation and marketing of coffee provided to Brazil. But in recent decades, the city and the mesoregion face a scenario of economic difficulties and low development. Given this scenario, as has been the performance of the actors and local institutions for local development of Muriaé? In literature, it is a brief review of the main theoretical approaches to regional development, in addition to pointing characteristics, strategies and local development policies and a short review about the university-business relationship and overview of the textile industry and clothing. The method used in the research is the case study. At first, the collection of information through secondary data in the public domain and subsequently carrying out twenty semi-structured interviews with local actors of the city is performed. Local actors surveyed were intentionally selected in order to explore the different types of organizations and opinions on local development. As for the results, the study identifies the various economic cycles occurring in Muriaé: coffee cultivation, dairy farming, mechanical workshops and the fashion and apparel sector. Research also indicates the relevance and the endogenous nature of the fashion industry and making Muriaé through the existence of a structure to support the development consists of different organizations, highlighting the performances of the Board of Economic Development, Social and Cultural Muriaé and region (CONDESC), the Brazilian Service to Support Micro and Small Enterprises (SEBRAE) and the Municipal Economic Development (SMDE). The Muriaé development prospects in the view of local actors are promising. However, there is still a certain gap between organizations and end users of their actions. It is noticed that the city still lacks something that helps all the forces acting in the process to converge to the same point.
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Crawford, Ian Kevin. "The local economic impact of the University of Bradford." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484483.
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Molgat, Jean-Paul A. "Relations between local, regional, and First Nations governments, the GVRD experience." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0018/MQ37593.pdf.
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Harmouche, Rola. "Bayesian multiple sclerosis lesion classification modeling regional and local spatial information." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99411.
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This thesis presents a fully automatic Bayesian method for multiple sclerosis lesion classification. Traditionally, human experts locate lesions, which are diseased tissue, on magnetic resonance images (MRI). However, manual classification methods are particularly subjective, as experts locate lesions differently, particularly around the borders of these structures. The proposed approach classifies voxels from MRIs into regular tissue and lesions, thus allowing for an objective and consistent way to locate lesions in order to help track their size and count. Previous automatic classification approaches do not model the variation of the MRI tissue intensities in the brain, so as to accurately locate lesions in the posterior fossa, where the intensities vary significantly from the rest of the brain. To this end, the posterior probability distribution is used to determine MRI voxel labels for background, cerebrospinal fluid, grey matter, white matter, as well as labels for two lesion types which differ due to their appearance on MRIs: T1-hypointense lesions (also called black holes) and T2-hyperintense lesions excluding black holes. Furthermore, the proposed method provides neuropathology experts with a confidence level in the classification, which has not been provided in previous work. Spatial variability in intensity distributions over the brain is explicitly modeled by (1) segmenting the brain into distinct anatomical regions, (2) building the likelihood distributions of each tissue class in each region and (3) modeling each distribution as a multidimensional Gaussian using intensities from multimodal MRIs. Local smoothness is enforced by incorporating Markov random fields in the prior probability and thus taking into account neighboring voxel tissue classes. Qualitative and quantitative validation is performed for both lesion classes on real data from 10 patients with multiple sclerosis. Validation on ten patients for both lesion types has not been performed by previous works. Lesion classification results are compared to classifications performed by several experts and two other automatic classification techniques, using volume count and overlap. Automatic classification results are comparable to manual classifications, thus providing a more consistent and time effective alternative to manual classification. In addition, the proposed method has the advantage of providing a more accurate classification in the posterior fossa, which is a region of the brain that is difficult to classify, and where no other automatic method reports success.
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Synnott, Michael Frederick. "The relationship between the regional water authorities and local planning authorities." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363471.
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Nzotungicimpaye, Claude-Michel. "Local variation and regional transport of tropospheric ozone over Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12862.
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Includes bibliographical references.[Fix subscripts in abstract.] The attractive image of Cape Town is threatened by periods of poor air quality occurring most often between April and September, during episodes of brown haze. When this haze occurs, it appears in the morning as a layer of concentrated pollution, likely to be associated with photochemical pollutants such as tropospheric ozone (O3) and some of its precursors. Previous studies have identified local emission sources and meteorological conditions associated with both the air pollution and the brown haze in Cape Town. However, due to the transport of air pollutants, emissions from remote sources may also contribute to air pollution levels in Cape Town. This dissertation investigates the local variation and the regional-scale transport of atmospheric pollution over Cape Town, with a focus on O3 pollution. The study analyses O3 observations from local air quality stations and uses two atmospheric chemistry-transport models to simulate the photochemical pollution over southern Africa.
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Turner, Stephen. "Constraining Subduction Zone Processes Through Local, Regional, and Global Chemical Systematics." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17463964.
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Subduction zones recycle material from Earth’s surface into the mantle, and are an important means of continent building. The subduction system serves as a stamp, imprinting the distinct chemical characteristics of our planet’s geological reservoirs, and distinguishing it within the solar system. As such, the elemental exchanges mediated by this system are a long-standing focus of geochemical and geophysical research. Advances in geochemical techniques and improved geophysical models of subduction have illuminated the processes which give rise to arc volcanism. Great strides have been made in answering the question of what goes down, and what comes back up, though much remains unknown. Arc volcanoes provide a valuable window into the complex subduction environment, and so a comprehensive understanding of arc magma petrogenesis provides a means to resolve significant outstanding questions.
The processes that regulate the compositions of erupted arc magmas are complicated, however. In order to use arc magmas as a tool for constraining elemental fluxes across large-scale geochemical reservoirs, we must trace the path of lavas sampled on Earth’s surface back down through the lithosphere. Once we reach the asthenosphere, we require constraints on the conditions from which the magma was generated – a mantle source, fluxed by some hydrous material originating from the subducting plate. We can determine which elements have been added to the mantle at this point only if we know the composition of the mantle before the hydrous addition. None of these processes are likely to be identical from one volcano to the next (or, indeed, at a single volcano over time). Instead, these processes will vary dependent on the physical conditions present. Thus, this work requires an understanding of the physical conditions across the earth, as well as their effects of physical processes on elemental transfer within the system.
Chapter 1 of this dissertation addresses the question of how magma ascent through the crust can vary on short timescales (~50 years) at a single location, specifically at Bezymianny Volcano, in Kamchatka, Russia. This project was conducted following two field seasons at Bezymianny. Field experience provided an on-the-ground understanding of this volcano’s unique magma system, and fostered multi-disciplinary interactions with geophysicists and seismologists that informed the interpretation of its geochemistry. Bezymianny often erupts multiple times per year. The sample set used in this study was collected by several different volcanologists over five decades, and provides unprecedented temporal resolution of sampling for this time period. The compositions of Bezymianny magmas varied regularly throughout the eruptive cycle. Using whole rock trace element compositions and thermobarometry from amphiboles, it was possible to characterize magma mixing at Bezymianny that varied in proportions from three separate crustal reservoirs -- each positioned at a different depth within the crust. A comparison is then drawn between the magma plumbing systems of Bezymianny and other volcanoes with similar surface features. This analysis demonstrates that the form of a volcano on the surface does not necessarily reflect the structure of its roots.
Chapters 2 and 3 were motivated by Chapter 4, rather than the other way around. Chapter 4 is a regional investigation of chemical variability along the Chilean Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ). The SVZ is a classic study area for igneous chemistry, in which the compositions of erupted magmas vary along and across the strike of the volcanic arc. Along with magma chemistry, multiple physical parameters that may influence the subduction system (or simply, “subduction parameters”), also vary along-strike. From south to north within the SVZ the crust becomes thicker, while the depth of the slab increases significantly. In addition, there is a decrease in the angle of the slab beneath the arc front. To resolve whether the magma variability in the SVZ is due to variation of subduction parameters within the overriding plate or the subducting slab (or both) is non-trivial. In part, this is because variations in the flux from the slab, the melting processes, and in intra-crustal processing, can have similar chemical consequences.
This ambiguity motivated a re-examination of the relationships between subduction parameters and global magma chemistry. In many ways this project builds upon the study of Plank and Langmuir (1988), but also utilizes the extensive literature database that has been developed in the interim. The new data enable assessment of not only major elemental variation, but also trace elements and isotopes. Chapter 2 presents the systematics of a global dataset, which includes several new observations of global correlations between trace elements and trace element ratios. The global correlations with magma chemistry also extend to correlations with crustal thickness. There are strong correlations among incompatible elements that are typically separated into groups. The ratio Dy/Yb also correlates with incompatible elements, suggesting involvement of garnet.
In Chapter 2, this dataset is used to investigate whether the global trends might arise from intra-crustal processes. This possibility is supported by the correlations between chemical parameters and the thickness of the crust. The main crustal processes considered are high-pressure crystal fractionation and mixing between primary magmas and an enriched crustal component. High-pressure fractionation trends are not found to be more abundant at arcs with thick crust, however, and the composition of the hypothetical global contaminant is unlikely to exist in nature. The global magma variation is therefore most plausibly primary in nature, arising from processes in the slab or mantle, rather than the crust.
Chapter 3 investigates whether variable slab fluxes or melting processes are responsible for the global correlations in magma chemistry. The correlations with crustal thickness, if not produced by processes within the crust itself, are suggestive of a melting process. The chemical parameters also correlate, however, with the slab “thermal parameter,” implicating processes within the downgoing plate. In addition to the arc front chemical systematics, it is shown that rear-arc volcanic compositions, after filtration to minimize the effects of slab input, have strong correlations between Sr and Nd isotopes. Rear-arc Nd isotopes also correlate well with the Nd isotope values of the arc front. To constrain the potential effects of slab and mantle processes, quantitative models are developed for two different scenarios: In one scenario, global chemical diversity is produced by a variable slab flux, while the mantle thermal structure is held constant. In a second scenario, global chemical diversity is produced by a variable mantle thermal structure, while slab flux is relatively constant. Both models are able to reproduce the global trends, though the observed correlations between filtered rear-arc and arc front Nd isotopes are difficult to reconcile with potentially large fluxes of slab material to the mantle wedge. Both models have implications as well for the flux of H2O, both from the slab to the mantle, and from the mantle back to the exosphere.
Finally, in Chapter 4, we apply this global modeling framework back to the problem of the SVZ. It is demonstrated that the systematics of the SVZ mimic those of the global system in a remarkable way. The correlations between elements within the global dataset are also present in the SVZ, and these trends overlap. An extensive dataset of rear arc SVZ samples is used to demonstrate control of Nd isotopes and other compositional features by variable mantle heterogeneity, rather than variable slab flux. The along-strike chemical trends of the SVZ are consistent with the scenario of variable mantle thermal structure, but not with the scenario of variable slab flux. This conclusion is quantitatively tested using a model in which both mantle heterogeneity and mantle thermal structure are varied along the arc. The model is successful in reproducing the observed chemical variations. Because the SVZ and global systematics are so similar, it is likely that conclusions drawn from this region can be extrapolated back to the global framework.Earth and Planetary Sciences
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Pardikes, Nicholas A. "Global Change and Trophic Interaction Diversity| Complex Local and Regional Processes." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10282934.
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The structure and functioning of ecosystems across the globe are rapidly changing due to several components of global environmental change (GEC). My dissertation aims to illustrate how regional and local aspects of GEC impact diverse assemblages of species and species interactions. All organisms are embedded in complex networks of species interactions, and future efforts to predict and mitigate the impacts of GEC on ecological communities will be facilitated by such studies that incorporate a suite of species and species interactions. This study advances our understanding of how GEC will impact ecological communities by investigating two questions about GEC: 1) How will shifts in global climate cycles (e.g., El Nino Southern Oscillation), as a consequence of global warming, impact a diverse assemblage of butterflies that exist across a heterogeneous landscape? 2) What are the consequences of woody plant encroachment on complex, specialized interactions between plants, insect herbivores, and natural enemies (e.g., insect parasitoids)? Furthermore, I helped develop a tool to identify characteristics of ecological communities that are essential for promoting the diversity of trophic interactions. While the loss of species diversity is well recognized, interactions among species are vanishing at an astonishing rate, yet we know little about factors that determine the diversity of interactions within a community. Using data from a long-term butterfly monitoring dataset, I was able to demonstrate the utility of large-scale climate indices (e.g., ENSO) for modeling biotic/abiotic relationships for migratory butterfly species. Next, I used encroaching juniper woodlands in the Intermountain West to uncover that population age structure of dominant tress, such as juniper, can affect plant-insect dynamics and have implications for future control efforts in the expanding woodlands. Additionally, reductions of understory plant diversity, as a consequence of juniper expansion, resulted in significantly lower parasitism rates and parasitoid species diversity. Finally, simulated food webs revealed that species diversity and, to a lesser degree, consumer diet breadth, promote the diversity of trophic interactions. As ecosystems across the globe experience changes and the loss of species diversity continues, these findings offer insight into how GEC will impact species and species interactions.
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Kendall, Jake. "Local banks, human capital, and regional development in India and Brazil /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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