Journal articles on the topic 'Local mass media – Africa, North'
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Lee, Keun-Ok, Franziska Aemisegger, Stephan Pfahl, Cyrille Flamant, Jean-Lionel Lacour, and Jean-Pierre Chaboureau. "Contrasting stable water isotope signals from convective and large-scale precipitation phases of a heavy precipitation event in southern Italy during HyMeX IOP 13: a modelling perspective." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 11 (June 5, 2019): 7487–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7487-2019.
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Abstract. The dynamical context and moisture transport pathways embedded in large-scale flow and associated with a heavy precipitation event (HPE) in southern Italy (SI) are investigated with the help of stable water isotopes (SWIs) based on a purely numerical framework. The event occurred during the Intensive Observation Period (IOP) 13 of the field campaign of the Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX) on 15 and 16 October 2012, and SI experienced intense rainfall of 62.4 mm over 27 h with two precipitation phases during this event. The first one (P1) was induced by convective precipitation ahead of a cold front, while the second one (P2) was mainly associated with precipitation induced by large-scale uplift. The moisture transport and processes responsible for the HPE are analysed using a simulation with the isotope-enabled regional numerical model COSMOiso. The simulation at a horizontal grid spacing of about 7 km over a large domain (about 4300 km ×3500 km) allows the isotopes signal to be distinguished due to local processes or large-scale advection. Backward trajectory analyses based on this simulation show that the air parcels arriving in SI during P1 originate from the North Atlantic and descend within an upper-level trough over the north-western Mediterranean. The descending air parcels reach elevations below 1 km over the sea and bring dry and isotopically depleted air (median δ18O ≤-25 ‰, water vapour mixing ratio q≤2 g kg−1) close to the surface, which induces strong surface evaporation. These air parcels are rapidly enriched in SWIs (δ18O ≥-14 ‰) and moistened (q≥8 g kg−1) over the Tyrrhenian Sea by taking up moisture from surface evaporation and potentially from evaporation of frontal precipitation. Thereafter, the SWI-enriched low-level air masses arriving upstream of SI are convectively pumped to higher altitudes, and the SWI-depleted moisture from higher levels is transported towards the surface within the downdrafts ahead of the cold front over SI, producing a large amount of convective precipitation in SI. Most of the moisture processes (i.e. evaporation, convective mixing) related to the HPE take place during the 18 h before P1 over SI. A period of 4 h later, during the second precipitation phase P2, the air parcels arriving over SI mainly originate from north Africa. The strong cyclonic flow around the eastward-moving upper-level trough induces the advection of a SWI-enriched African moisture plume towards SI and leads to large-scale uplift of the warm air mass along the cold front. This lifts moist and SWI-enriched air (median δ18O ≥-16 ‰, median q≥6 g kg−1) and leads to gradual rain out of the air parcels over Italy. Large-scale ascent in the warm sector ahead of the cold front takes place during the 72 h preceding P2 in SI. This work demonstrates how stable water isotopes can yield additional insights into the variety of thermodynamic mechanisms occurring at the mesoscale and synoptic scale during the formation of a HPE.
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Zaghlimi, Laeed. "Colonial media and post independence experience in north Africa." Media & Jornalismo 16, no. 29 (October 11, 2016): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-5462_29_10.
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European colonialism had not only occupied many african countries, exploited their natural resources and deprived their inhabitants of basic rights, but also sought to establish its new political, social, economic and cultural system. However, in order to impose its new rules and values, it had used military forces as well as political and media means to convince and influence people minds and hearts. The press was one of the main arguments of seduction and dissimination of the colonial culture and information.This paper which focuses in its first part on French occupation of North Africa, describes how French colonial authority used and abused the media to perpetuate its presence and set up new forms of values and ideas aimed at destroying local culture and traditions. The second part describes how local populations had reacted to the colonial presence by adopting new forms of opposition and resistance. Again, the ‘indigenous press’ was a determining factor in promoting ideas of militantism, independence and sovereignty. The third part highlights the main phases of the media evolution and experience during the post independence period.
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Fauzi, Nfn, and Marhamah Rusdy. "The Pattern of Disaster Communication and Media to Improve Community Alertness in North Aceh Regency." Journal Pekommas 5, no. 2 (October 19, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.30818/jpkm.2020.2050203.
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This study aims to analyze the forms of communication carried out and the media used by the North Aceh District Disaster Management Agency in improving community alertness. This research uses descriptive research type, and qualitative research approaches. Research data obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Research informants, namely the Local Government, the Head of the North Aceh District Disaster Management Agency, the District Head of Langkahan, the Head of North Aceh SAR, the Head of RRI Lhokseumawe. The results showed that the communication carried out by the North Aceh District Disaster Management Agency was interpersonal communication and mass communication through socialization and simulation about disasters. While the communication media used, namely the mass media both print media and radio media to inform disaster management policies. It also used traditional media as local wisdom namely kentongan. Kentongan media are considered effective when communication tools that use technology do not function.
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Vasiliev, Aleksey M., and Natalia A. Zherlitsina. "DYNAMICS OF PUBLIC POLICY ON MASS MEDIA IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA REGION." Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (History and Political Science), no. 2 (2019): 210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-676x-2019-2-210-221.
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Dini, Lila Novra. "THE LANGUAGE OF LOCAL MASS MEDIA IN NORTH SUMATERA (SUARA INDONESIA BARU AND WASPADA NEWSPAPER)." English Education : English Journal for Teaching and Learning 6, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/ee.v6i1.1222.
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Ogundahunsi, Gani A., and Francis O. Olaniyi. "Mass Media as Means of Initiating Community Developmental Programmes in Akoko North West Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria." Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal 1, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v1i2.85.
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The study examined the mass media as means of initiating community developmental programmes in Akoko North West Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive research design of the survey type.The sample for the study consisted of 120 respondents in Akoko North West Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. The study raised four research questions which the data were collected through questionnaire and also tested and analyzed with descriptive statistics. The findings showed that the mass media was the best platform for mobilizing people of the community for participation and also attracts government attention to communities for developmental programmes. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that residents’ collaboration and empowerment form of participation is encouraged by NGOs and development agencies.
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Koter, Dominika. "King Makers: Local Leaders and Ethnic Politics in Africa." World Politics 65, no. 2 (April 2013): 187–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004388711300004x.
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Much of the literature on electoral politics in Africa has focused on one mechanism of electoral mobilization: reliance on shared ethnic identity between politicians and voters. On the contrary, the author argues that politicians pursue two distinct modes of nonprogrammatic electoral mobilization: (1) by directly relying on the support of voters from one's own ethnic background, and (2) by indirectly working through electoral intermediaries—local leaders who command moral authority, control resources, and can influence the electoral behavior of their dependents. Yet the power of local leaders varies greatly; hence the option to use electoral intermediaries is not available in all settings. The choice of electoral mobilization affects national electoral outcomes: by severing the direct link between politicians and voters, intermediaries reduce a campaign's reliance on shared identity and create cross-ethnic electorates. The evidence for this argument is based on original interviews with political leaders collected during fieldwork in Senegal and Benin during the 2006–7 electoral season, media coverage of elections, and a historical analysis of first mass elections in the 1950s.
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Vasiliev, Aleksey, and Natalia Zherlitsina. "Evolution of the Media in North Africa Countries After the Crisis of the Arab Spring." Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-6203.2019.8(1).81-95.
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The subject of the study in this article is the changes that occur in the media and related information and communication technologies in the countries of North Africa after the crisis of the Arab Spring. The media played the vital role in political revolutions and transformations, they informed people of opinions of the activists, criticism of the power, contributed to establishing communication between the activists and ordinary citizens, united protests at the local level to turn them into a strong national movement. The revolutionary changes in the Arab world that began in 2011 brought hope for a more open public sphere. Yet, after 6 years, the results of this process do not seem to be unambiguous. On the way of development of traditional media there are still many obstacles. Among them in most Arab countries, there are numerous social and political taboos, propaganda serving the political power, self-censorship of journalists, their prosecution from the authorities. Theoretical and methodological basis for the article were such methods as comparative method, which allows on the basis of comparison of the situation in different countries of North Africa to identify the typological features of the Arab model of the information society; critical discourse analysis, with the help of which it becomes possible to comprehend information policy in different Arab countries. The relevance and novelty of this research is due to the important role played by the media in modern international politics. The author concludes that the Arab countries have yet to find a balance between the state information policy and the democratic potential of free media.
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Belhiah, Hassan, Mohamed Majdoubi, and Mouna Safwate. "Language revitalization through the media: A case study of Amazigh in Morocco." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2020, no. 266 (November 26, 2020): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2020-2114.
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AbstractGiven the pivotal role mass media play in effecting political and social change, they can also contribute to the revitalization of an endangered or minoritized language if language policies are effectively implemented. Drawing on official documents regarding Amazigh broadcasting on Moroccan public television and interviews with Amazigh experts and media practitioners, this study scrutinizes the efforts exerted to revitalize Amazigh, the language of pre-Arab populations in North Africa. The results of the study indicate that while the status of Amazigh has changed drastically in the last two decades, its dissemination in public television is hampered by political, economic, and logistic forces. The study has implications for the areas of language revitalization, language shift reversal, language policy, and language planning.
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Salem, Haya, and Suhad Daher-Nashif. "Psychosocial Aspects of Female Breast Cancer in the Middle East and North Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 18, 2020): 6802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186802.
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Breast cancer, the most common cancer among women in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, is associated with social and psychological implications deriving from women’s socio-cultural contexts. Examining 74 articles published between 2007 and 2019, this literature/narrative review explores the psychosocial aspects of female breast cancer in the MENA region. It highlights socio-cultural barriers to seeking help and socio-political factors influencing women’s experience with the disease. In 17 of 22 Arab countries, common findings emerge which derive from shared cultural values. Findings indicate that women lack knowledge of breast cancer screening (BCS) and breast cancer self-examination (BSE) benefits/techniques due to a lack of physicians’ recommendations, fear, embarrassment, cultural beliefs, and a lack of formal and informal support systems. Women in rural areas or with low socioeconomic status further lack access to health services. Women with breast cancer, report low self-esteem due to gender dynamics and a tendency towards fatalism. Collaboration between mass media, health and education systems, and leading social-religious figures plays a major role in overcoming psychological and cultural barriers, including beliefs surrounding pain, fear, embarrassment, and modesty, particularly for women of lower socioeconomic status and women living in crises and conflict zones.
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Syafruddin Pohan and Zahir Zahir. "Appropriate Public Communication for the Community in Handling the Covid-19 Pandemic in Batu Bara District, North Sumatera Province." Proceedings Of International Conference On Communication Science 2, no. 1 (November 10, 2022): 755–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/iccsproceeding.v2i1.113.
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Communication and media are important in conveying public communication messages in an effort to overcome the Covid-19 pandemic in Batu Bara District, North Sumatera. To implement public communication during the Covid-19 pandemic, the policy must be able to provide the right choice for the people there. The research questions include, is the public communication policy that has been carried out by the local government in accordance with the expectations of the public in Batu Bara District? Next, what is the public communication model carried out by the local government, including its regent in handling Covid-19 in Batu Bara District? The research uses a qualitative approach and data collection techniques using Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The FGD participants consisted of the regent, and staff and residents of the local community whom we chose separately. The results of the FGD revealed that residents recognized from mass media reports and social media that conveyed that Batu Bara District managed to become one of the best districts in handling Covid-19 and received an award from the Governor of North Sumatera. Some residents expressed, "We expect our father (regent) to be among us". The regent added that for areas far from the district, Covid information was conveyed through religious leaders and community leaders in the village. This is also an appropriate model of public communication, because the local government gives a significant social role to religious leaders and community leaders as an extension of the district government in conveying information related to Covid-19.
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Fauzan, Indra. "Voter Behaviour and The Campaign Pattern of Candidates during Pandemics in Regional Head Election in Medan City, North Sumatra." Politika: Jurnal Ilmu Politik 13, no. 2 (October 26, 2022): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/politika.13.2.2022.305-320.
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Covid-19 has influenced the process of democracy in many countries, including Indonesia, especially in the local election. The political campaign involving mass mobilisation was restricted, so the candidates were encouraged to use online media to reduce the Covid-19 spread. Based on this problem, this study aims to analyse the campaign patterns between candidates in a regional head election in Medan during a pandemic and how the candidates increase voter turnout. This study used both the qualitative method by interviewing the campaign team of the candidates in charge of online and offline media and the quantitative method by distributing the questionnaires to measure the behaviour of the voters. This study showed that the perception of popularity and electability influenced the pattern of candidate campaigns, and the low political awareness of the community influenced low participation in political campaigns and voter turnout, besides unhealthy campaigns and negative perception of local government. Therefore, although face-to-face was restricted, the candidates believed that direct meetings with the voters were only the way to influence the voter and increase political participation.
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Krakoff, Isabel L. "Colourblind coverage: Mainstream media erasure of intersectionality in large-scale cases of anti-LGBTQ violence." Queer Studies in Media & Popular Culture 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/qsmpc_00049_1.
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Despite extensive critique calling for greater acknowledgement of intersectionality, the LGBTQ community in North America continues to foster a White, upper- and middle-class, gender-normative culture. Media discourse has perpetuated these narratives by downplaying the racism inherent in events centring homophobic violence against racialized LBGTQ people. Through a content analysis and discourse analysis of national and local news sources in the United States and Canada, this study explores the hesitation of journalists to explicitly acknowledge the intersectionality of race and LGBTQ identity in two North American instances of large-scale anti-LGBTQ violence targeting predominantly racialized members of the community. The Bruce McArthur case in Toronto, Ontario involved the serial murder of mostly racialized gay men, while the Pulse nightclub shooting in Orlando, Florida was a mass shooting that took place on Latinx night at an LGBTQ nightclub. In both cases, despite superficial acknowledgement of the victims’ demographics, journalists minimized the racial aspect of the violence in order to present more palatable politicized narratives.
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Botha, M. P., and D. P. van Vuuren. "Reactions of Black and white Children to TV Violence in South Africa: 1987–1991." South African Journal of Psychology 23, no. 2 (June 1993): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639302300204.
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Violence became an upsetting factor within the socio-political realities of South Africa and the struggle for and against apartheid: thousands of people have lost their lives in political violence since the 1980s. Due to severe media restrictions under the emergency regulations in the 1980s, the exact nature of township violence and police actions were seldom shown on local television or reported in the press. Since 2 February 1990 with the repeal of the media regulations, images of mass action, township violence and clashes between the police and demonstrators became an everyday reality on South African television screens. In this transitional society, a new world with a definite culture of violence, issues such as the reactions of black and white adolescents, to scenes of violence and interracial conflict in local television broadcasts were investigated in a research project amongst adolescents from 52 areas in Johannesburg and Pretoria. The correspondence between initial levels of aggression and perceptions regarding fictional and non-fictional programme contents (being measured by means of questionnaires), as well as the differences between the perceptions of the whites and blacks regarding the programme contents, were investigated. It seems that regarding the non-fictional portrayal of violence in the South African media, white adolescents are more desensitized than black adolescents who live within these conditions every day. Black adolescents may enjoy fictional programmes with physical violence more than white adolescents, but they experience more anxiety during exposure to non-fictional portrayals of events similar to the realities in the townships. They therefore tend to rate the level of violence depicted in news broadcasts higher than white adolescents. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Holloway, Alison M. "Resuscitation of Victims of Cholera, Plague and Rabies in South Africa." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 434–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00045404.
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Cholera, which was unknown in Africa south of the Sahara, became an identifiable disease in South Africa in 1919. In the 1970's, 5 cases were diagnosed in people coming into South Africa from countries to the north. Instructions regarding Cholera surveillance were circulated in 1979 following an outbreak in Maputo. There was no evidence of any case of cholera acquired in South Africa before September 1980. Within 12 days, there were 23 proven cases ofVibrio cholera, El Tor biotype, among Africans who obtained drinking water from an irrigation canal off the Crocodile River midway between Nelspruit and Kaapmuiden. Five hundred forty-six cases had been identified by the end of February 1981 and more are expected.On 13 October 1980, a team of health officials collected at Nelspruit to coordinate measures to contain the epidemic. They included chlorination of the irrigation canal, water surveillance of local rivers by sampling or leaving Moore pads in situ, increasing the number of staff and strengthening equipment at local laboratories, educating local medical and nursing staff in patient management and providing adequate stocks of intravenous fluids and tetracycline. Patients' contacts were traced, their homes inspected, their water supply sources and means of sewage disposal checked and the public educated in cholera prevention. There were regular press statements, radio talks, television programs and the broadcasting of educational leaflets to warn the population to take precautions. It was decided not to hold a mass immunization campaign nor to administer preventive antibiotics.
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Richter, Carola, Abdulrahman Al-Shami, Sahar Khalifa, Soheir Osman, and Samuel Mundua. "The virus of the ‘others’? Corona and discursive othering in Arab media." Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research 14, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jammr_00022_1.
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The spread of fear of the coronavirus and related insecurities around the pandemic have fuelled nationalist and increased exclusionary tendencies in countries all over the world. In North America, for instance, anti-Asian racism increased when former US President Donald Trump dubbed the virus the ‘Chinese virus’. A nationalist agenda has been strengthened in many places, including the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region; and hateful narratives blaming ‘others’ for the pandemic, legitimizing a retreat to the protection of national borders and policies, are being spread in different media outlets. This article comparatively investigates processes of othering with regard to COVID-19 in four MENA countries – Egypt, Iraq, Oman and Yemen – and asks, who is held responsible for the coronavirus crisis in different countries? How is othering revealed in media coverage related to COVID-19? What (in)sensitive language can be identified? The study looks at mass media coverage at the peak of the global lockdown during the spring of 2020. The media analysis reveals a strong emphasis on mostly national identities as articulated lines of demarcation in all four cases. A homogenizing and demonizing othering was detected in particular in the cases of Yemen and Egypt, but also Iraq, when blame was attributed to political adversaries. The Omani case was characterized by a more subtle othering that focused strongly on the importance of citizenship.
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Moreno, Aviad. "BEYOND THE NATION-STATE: A NETWORK ANALYSIS OF JEWISH EMIGRATION FROM NORTHERN MOROCCO TO ISRAEL." International Journal of Middle East Studies 52, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743819000916.
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AbstractThe post-1948 mass migration of Jews from Arab Muslim countries to Israel is widely seen by scholars as a direct result of decolonization and rising nationalism across the Middle East and North Africa, coupled with the emigration and immigration policies of regional powers. In this article I draw on local histories of northern Morocco to critique the existing literature. I apply new methods to reconceptualize that migratory experience as shaped by social and cultural processes, albeit ones that interacted with nationalist state policies. I provide a multilayered macro- and microanalysis of the process of Jewish emigration from northern Morocco and point to the transregional, interpersonal, communal, and institutional networks that jointly shaped the dynamic character and pace of migration to Israel (and to Europe and the Americas) among local Jews.
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Malings, Carl, Daniel M. Westervelt, Aliaksei Hauryliuk, Albert A. Presto, Andrew Grieshop, Ashley Bittner, and Matthias Beekmann. "Application of low-cost fine particulate mass monitors to convert satellite aerosol optical depth to surface concentrations in North America and Africa." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 3873–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3873-2020.
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Abstract. Low-cost particulate mass sensors provide opportunities to assess air quality at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. Established traditional monitoring networks have limited spatial resolution and are simply absent in many major cities across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Satellites provide snapshots of regional air pollution but require ground-truthing. Low-cost monitors can supplement and extend data coverage from these sources worldwide, providing a better overall air quality picture. We investigate the utility of such a multi-source data integration approach using two case studies. First, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, both traditional monitoring and dense low-cost sensor networks are compared with satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from NASA's MODIS system, and a linear conversion factor is developed to convert AOD to surface fine particulate matter mass concentration (as PM2.5). With 10 or more ground monitors in Pittsburgh, there is a 2-fold reduction in surface PM2.5 estimation mean absolute error compared to using only a single ground monitor. Second, we assess the ability of combined regional-scale satellite retrievals and local-scale low-cost sensor measurements to improve surface PM2.5 estimation at several urban sites in SSA. In Rwanda, we find that combining local ground monitoring information with satellite data provides a 40 % improvement in surface PM2.5 estimation accuracy with respect to using low-cost ground monitoring data alone. A linear AOD-to-surface-PM2.5 conversion factor developed in Kigali, Rwanda, did not generalize well to other parts of SSA and varied seasonally for the same location, emphasizing the need for ongoing and localized ground-based monitoring, which can be facilitated by low-cost sensors. Overall, we find that combining ground-based low-cost sensor and satellite data, even without including additional meteorological or land use information, can improve and expand spatiotemporal air quality data coverage, especially in data-sparse regions.
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Segakweng, Constance K., Pieter G. van Zyl, Cathy Liousse, Johan P. Beukes, Jan-Stefan Swartz, Eric Gardrat, Maria Dias-Alves, Brigitte Language, Roelof P. Burger, and Stuart J. Piketh. "Measurement report: Size-resolved chemical characterisation of aerosols in low-income urban settlements in South Africa." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 15 (August 11, 2022): 10291–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10291-2022.
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Abstract. Naturally and anthropogenically emitted aerosols, which are determined by their physical and chemical properties, have an impact on both air quality and the radiative properties of the earth. An important source of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in South Africa is household combustion for space heating and cooking, which predominantly occurs in low-income urban settlements. The aim of this study was to conduct a detailed size-resolved assessment of chemical characteristics of aerosols associated with household combustion through the collection of particulates in low-income urban settlements in South Africa to quantify the extent of the impacts of atmospheric pollution. Outdoor (ambient) and indoor aerosols in different size fractions were collected during summer and winter in four low-income urban settlements located in the north-eastern interior on the South African Highveld, i.e. Kwadela, Kwazamokuhle, Zamdela, and Jouberton. Mass concentration and chemical composition was determined for three size fractions, namely, PM1, PM2.5, and PM2.5−10. The highest concentrations of particulates were measured indoors with the highest mass concentration determined in the indoor PM2.5−10 (coarse) size fraction. However, the highest mass concentrations were determined in PM1 in all outdoor aerosol samples collected during winter and summer, and in indoor samples collected during summer. Significantly higher concentrations were determined for SO4-2 in outdoor and indoor particulates compared to other ionic species, with NH4+ and NO3- being the second most abundant. SO4-2 and NH4+ almost exclusively occurred in the PM1 size fraction, while NO3- was the major constituent in the larger size fractions. The highest SO4-2 levels were recorded for the winter and summer outdoor campaigns conducted at Zamdela, while NO3- and NH4+ concentrations were higher during the winter outdoor campaign. The combined concentrations of trace elements were higher for indoor particulates compared to outdoor aerosols, while the total trace element concentrations in PM1 were substantially higher than levels thereof in the two larger size fractions of particulates collected during all sampling campaigns. No distinct seasonal trend was observed for the concentrations of trace elements. Na, Ca, and Cr had the highest concentrations in particulates collected during outdoor and indoor sampling campaigns. Ni concentrations in outdoor and indoor aerosols exceeded the annual average European standard. PM1 collected during all sampling campaigns in low-income urban settlements had the highest organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations. The highest OC and EC levels were determined in PM1 collected during the winter indoor campaign. OC and EC concentrations were highest during winter, which can be attributed to changes in meteorological patterns and increased household combustion during winter. Low OC/EC ratios determined for particulates collected in low-income urban settlements are indicative of OC and EC being mainly associated with local sources of these species. OC concentrations determined in this study were an order of magnitude lower than OC concentrations determined for ambient aerosols collected in the north-eastern interior of South Africa, while similar EC levels were measured. According to estimated dust concentrations, it was indicated that dust is the major constituent in all size ranges of particulates collected in this study, while trace elements were the second most abundant. However, trace elements made the highest contribution to indoor PM1 and PM1−2.5 mass. Mass concentrations and chemical concentrations determined for aerosols collected in low-income settlements reflect the regional impacts of anthropogenic sources in the north-eastern interior of South Africa and the influence of local sources.
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Deabji, Nabil, Khanneh Wadinga Fomba, Souad El Hajjaji, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Laurent Poulain, Sebastian Zeppenfeld, and Hartmut Herrmann. "First insights into northern Africa high-altitude background aerosol chemical composition and source influences." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 24 (December 15, 2021): 18147–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18147-2021.
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Abstract. Field measurements were conducted to determine aerosol chemical composition at a newly established remote high-altitude site in North Africa at the Atlas Mohammed V (AMV) atmospheric observatory located in the Middle Atlas Mountains. The main objectives of the present work are to investigate the variations in the aerosol composition and better assess global and regional changes in atmospheric composition in North Africa. A total of 200 particulate matter (PM10) filter samples were collected at the site using a high-volume (HV) collector in a 12 h sampling interval from August to December 2017. The chemical composition of the samples was analyzed for trace metals, water-soluble ions, organic carbon (OC/EC), aliphatic hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contents. The results indicate that high-altitude aerosol composition is influenced by both regional and transregional transport of emissions. However, local sources play an important role, especially during low wind speed periods, as observed for November and December. During background conditions characterized by low wind speeds (avg. 3 m s−1) and mass concentrations in the range from 9.8 to 12 µg m−3, the chemical composition is found to be dominated by inorganic elements, mainly suspended dust (61 %) and ionic species (7 %), followed by organic matter (7 %), water content (12 %), and unidentified mass (11 %). Despite the proximity of the site to the Sahara, its influence on the atmospheric composition at this high-altitude site was mainly seasonal and accounted for only 22 % of the sampling duration. Biogenic organics contributed up to 7 % of the organic matter with high contributions from compounds such as heneicosane, hentriacontane, and nonacosane. The AMV site is dominated by four main air mass inflows, which often leads to different aerosol chemical compositions. Mineral dust influence was seasonal and ranged between 21 % and 74 % of the PM mass, with peaks observed during the summer, and was accompanied by high concentrations of SO42- of up to 3.0 µg m−3. During winter, PM10 concentrations are low (<30 µg m−3), the influence of the desert is weaker, and the marine air masses (64 %) are more dominant with a mixture of sea salt and polluted aerosol from the coastal regions (Rabat and Casablanca). During the daytime, mineral dust contribution to PM increased by about 42 % because of road dust resuspension. In contrast, during nighttime, an increase in the concentrations of alkanes, PAHs, alkane-2-ones, and anthropogenic metals such as Pb, Ni, and Cu was found due to variations in the boundary layer height. The results provide the first detailed seasonal and diurnal variation of the aerosol chemical composition, which is valuable for long-term assessment of climate and regional influence of air pollution in North Africa.
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Pettersen, Lene. "From Mass Production to Mass Collaboration: Institutionalized Hindrances to Social Platforms in the Workplace." Nordic Journal of Science and Technology Studies 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/njsts.v2i2.2146.
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<div>This article addresses the importance of institutionalized practices when social media are introduced as collective platforms for the workplace and why the great engagement envisioned for these tools has yet to be realized in organizational settings. Innovation, in this article, points to practices that individuals perceive as new. Innovation thus also concerns social changes: the introduction of new practices to be employed by individuals within social structures. The dynamics in the workplace and in distributed networks (e.g. Wikipedia) are compared and found to operate with different social structures, with different practices at play, yet collective and engaging actions are expected from employees with the introduction of social platforms. The nature of our notion of work in the workplace is colored by organization and measurement in time and money derived from a capitalistic paradigm, yet drivers at play in distributed networks are not measured in quantitative terms (time and money), but on quality (good work, strong reputation, high social status, and so forth). The article points to findings from a comprehensive qualitative case study of knowledge workers employed in a knowledge-intensive organization in twenty-three countries in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. Twenty-seven in-depth interviews and field studies of professional knowledge-workers in Norway, Denmark, UK and Morocco was conducted during 2011, with follow-up interviews of eight of the participants from Morocco and Norway after one year. Many of the employees in our study explain that the company’s social platform becomes just another thing to track amidst in an already hectic workday where individual drivers triumph over collective priorities.</div><div> </div>
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Sutopo, Oki Rahadianto. "The Act of Killing and The Look of Silence: A critical reflection." Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659017690564.
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These notes from the field explore the author’s reflections on contemporary debates around the 1965 Indonesian mass killings, using two documentary films, The Act of Killing and The Look of Silence, as an entry point. The article contextualizes, criticizes, and expands the narrative of these films. Despite their largely positive international reception, the films lack historical context and neglect previous academic studies related to the mass killings—this article elaborates on these two aspects and expands the argument. It also reviews from the Global North news media and criticizes their biased forms of knowledge production. In addition, the article elaborates on receptions in the Indonesian national and local contexts, and reflects critically on the possibility of these two films contributing to the fight for social justice in Indonesia.
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Ufuophu-Biri, Emmanuel, and Lucky Ojoboh. "Social Media as a Tool for Political Resistance: Lessons from the Arab Spring and the Nigerian Protests." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 6, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/ajis.2017.v6n1p61.
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Abstract The popular revolutions that swept across North Africa and the Middle East (NAME) countries, popularly called the “Arab Spring”, removed several sit-tight regimes and threatened to remove some others. Until those revolutions, nobody in the region had the audacity to question the actions of the governments. The mass media in the region had no freedom of operation and could not be used to express opinions or ideas that contradicted government wish or stand. However, the self-immolation of Tarek al-Tayeb Mohamed Bouazizi on 17 December, 2010 in Tunisia and his subsequent death led to an unstoppable torrent of protests across the region. The social media became the tool of communication, organization and coordination during the protests. The social media thus provided the protesters with an alternative voice of expression, which they used to mobilize and organize the protests. This study therefore, examined the role of the social media in the the Arab Spring. The study which is theoretical concludes that the use of the social media was very effective in success of the revolution.The study showed that without the social media, the revolution might not have been successful or might not have taken place at all. The study thus recommends that people should continue to use the social media to protest against oppressive regimes and all forms of oppression.
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Hafni, Nur, Sri Suwitri, Endang Larasati, and Kismartini a. "ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF ACTORS IN IMPLEMENTATION ISLAMIZATION OF EDUCATION (STUDY ON BASIC EDUCATION POLICY IN NORTH ACEH DISTRICT)." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 741–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12064.
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The role actors in implementation support the effort of Islamization of Education by integrating Islamic education concept into regular basic education in North Aceh district. This study investigates how this coalition network plays their roles in succeeding the implementation of the Islamization education concept at the school level through advocating cross-sectorial actors within the regency so that the integration concept can be generated into district regulation and can be implemented at the lower level by implementing agencies including schools. Besides, the current study also seeks some issues and challenges the coalition face during the process of concept integration and advocacy. The findings show that there are some constraints on both contexts of policy and practical level, especially, regarding the resource sharing availability. Responding to this situation, Dayah Education Office, Scholars Consultative Assembly, North Aceh Representative Council (DPRK), Mass media, and other education stakeholders suggest the integration can be performed by adopting models and curriculum implemented in Dayah education since Aceh province has special right to implement education system respectfully to the local characteristics and local wisdom in Aceh.
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Benin-Goren, Odeda, Nimrod Aviran, Iris Adler, Oran Zlotnik, and Yossi Baratz. "Development of Trauma and Disaster Response in Togo, Africa." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002577.
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Introduction:The project was provided under the auspice and support of the Israel Agency for International Development Cooperation (MASHAV) at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). Togo, one of the smallest and least developed countries in West Africa, has a population of ~7.9 million. About 65% of its population lives in rural areas. Due to the lack of medical resources, Togo suffers from health problems including those related to trauma and mass events. In May 2017, a trauma and disaster team came to Togo to train the medical team in the new trauma unit, donated and built by the MFA. The unit was built in the Atakpame Regional Hospital (ARH), located 160km north of the capital, Lomé. ARH serves one million inhabitants, mostly from rural areas.Methods:The training included lectures, simulations, drills, case studies, bedside teaching, and operation of medical technologies.Results:Following the training, it was recommended to continue the program and to move forward with advanced training. Following the team’s recommendations, MASHAV decided to expand the program and to provide a multilateral project to Togo and ten other West African countries within five months after the first training ended. Twenty participants (mostly senior doctors) were chosen from ten Western African countries and brought to Lomé. The participants joined a two-day Trauma and Disaster Preparedness seminar. Following the seminar, they were moved to Atakpame to join the local team and the facilitators, to visit the trauma unit, and to learn about it as a model for trauma care that can be modified to the capabilities of the local facility.Discussion:Lessons learned and recommendations from those two projects were brought to the MFA that will try to develop more training and cooperation models to help and establish better trauma care and disaster response, supported by the Israeli team.
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Newbury, Catharine. "Suffering and Survival in Central Africa." African Studies Review 48, no. 3 (December 2005): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2006.0032.
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In this remarkable book, Marie Béatrice Umutesi recounts what she saw and experienced in Rwanda before and during the 1994 genocide, and as a refugee in Zaire after the genocide. With its intense local level perspective, her study provides fresh insights into the Rwanda genocide and its antecedents, the massacre of Rwandan refugees during the war in Zaire of the mid-1990s, and the utter failure of the international media to understand what was happening there on the ground. Eschewing extremism of all sides, Umutesi records the experiences of ordinary people buffeted by violent events and broader political dynamics they could not control. She is a perspicacious observer—astute, courageous, engaged, and compassionate. One of the remarkable features of this narrative, however, is how little Umutesi appears in this text; it is about her experiences, to be sure, but not about “her.” It is as a testimonial to the times and the human experiences of those times that this tale has such force.The initial chapters ofSurviving the Slaughterrecount Umutesi's experiences as a student in the 1970s and mid-1980s and (having completed her university education) as a young adult managing rural development programs. Ethnic distinctions between Hutu and Tutsi held litde importance for Umutesi and her friends while she was growing up. Instead, as a Hutu from the north, she found that regional tensions among Hutu were important during the 1980s, under the Second Republic of Juvenal Habyarimana, when she witnessed regionalism in high school and college in Rwanda. Only later, when studying in Belgium, did ethnic distinctions and discrimination between Hutu and Tutsi come into play. The examples she describes show both the contingent nature of ethnic categorization and identities in Rwanda, and the importance of politics in shaping their salience.
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Tkachenko, Aleksandr A. "North Africa: Food problem in the light of the UN initiative on the formation of “national food systems”." Asia and Africa Today, no. 11 (2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750017390-1.
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Over the past 3-4 decades, some progress has been made in the countries of North and North-East Africa, and - broader - in the Middle East, in development/transformation of agriculture and its branches related to food production. As a result, the key indicators of food production and consumption per capita have increased significantly. Moreover, the consumption growth performance was higher than the production growth performance, and that was driven by an increase in food imports. At the same time, the food insecurity remains acute in several ways. This applies to the manifestations of mass hunger in the Sahel as well as to the increased pressure on the budget due to both the significant increase in world food prices and the import volume. These and other specifics of the current state of the food insecurity in the countries of North Africa and other regions of the world, require a new vision of providing the population with food and shaping an integral approach to resolve the problem. Experts are linking this vision with the promotion of the so-called UN Initiative announced by the Secretary-General A.Guterres in the fall of 2020 and aimed at an integrated approach to resolution of the food insecurity: the development of "national food security and nutrition systems" in the countries of the world, which would include the development of mechanisms and tools necessary for a better and a comprehensive food supply to the world's population, and take into account both local and national conditions, as well as medical nutrition standards.
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Hu, Zhiyuan, Jianping Huang, Chun Zhao, Yuanyuan Ma, Qinjian Jin, Yun Qian, L. Ruby Leung, Jianrong Bi, and Jianmin Ma. "Trans-Pacific transport and evolution of aerosols: spatiotemporal characteristics and source contributions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 19 (October 10, 2019): 12709–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12709-2019.
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Abstract. Aerosols in the middle and upper troposphere have a long enough lifetime for trans-Pacific transport from East Asia to North America to influence air quality on the west coast of the United States (US). Here, we conduct quasi-global simulations (180∘ W–180∘ E and 70∘ S–75∘ N) from 2010 to 2014 using an updated version of WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting model fully coupled with chemistry) to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics and source contributions of trans-Pacific aerosol transport. We find that trans-Pacific total aerosols have a maximum mass concentration (about 15 µg m−3) in the boreal spring with a peak between 3 and 4 km above the surface around 40∘ N. Sea salt and dust dominate the total aerosol mass concentration below 1 km and above 4 km, respectively. About 80.8 Tg of total aerosols (48.7 Tg of dust) are exported annually from East Asia, of which 26.7 Tg of aerosols (13.4 Tg of dust) reach the west coast of the US. Dust contributions from four desert regions in the Northern Hemisphere are analyzed using a tracer-tagging technique. About 4.9, 3.9, and 4.5 Tg year−1 of dust aerosol emitted from north Africa, the Middle East and central Asia, and East Asia, respectively, can be transported to the west coast of the US. The trans-Pacific aerosols dominate the column-integrated aerosol mass (∼65.5 %) and number concentration (∼80 %) over western North America. Radiation budget analysis shows that the inflow aerosols could contribute about 86.4 % (−2.91 W m−2) at the surface, 85.5 % (+1.36 W m−2) in the atmosphere, and 87.1 % (−1.55 W m−2) at the top of atmosphere to total aerosol radiative effect over western North America. However, near the surface in central and eastern North America, aerosols are mainly derived from local emissions, and the radiative effect of imported aerosols decreases rapidly. This study motivates further investigations of the potential impacts of trans-Pacific aerosols from East Asia on regional air quality and the hydrological cycle in North America.
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Gikunda, Raphael, David Lawver, and Juma Magogo. "Culture as a predictor of effective adoption of climate-smart agriculture in Mbeere North, Kenya." Advancements in Agricultural Development 3, no. 2 (May 11, 2022): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37433/aad.v3i2.203.
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The research advances the existing extension education knowledge by illustrating the relationship between culture and adoption of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA). Using a sample of 127, the study adopted a descriptive correlational design to gather data that addressed the hypotheses. The sample was selected randomly through systematic sampling procedures covering all parts of the sub-county. A semi-structured questionnaire was utilized to gather data. Independent samples t-test and multiple regression analysis were applied in data analysis. The results indicated that farmers who received climate-smart information compared to farmers not receiving the information demonstrated significantly higher CSA practices adoption levels. A combination of cultural elements significantly predicted the adoption of climate-smart practices. The moderate effective adoption rates witnessed may have been contributed by limited access to extension services and cultural barriers. Among the cultural elements inability of extension agents to communicate in the local language was found to be the main inhibitor to effective dissemination and subsequent adoption. Hence, extension agents conversant with local language should be recruited to break the communication barrier to improve the diffusion of CSA practices. The county extension agents should be encouraged to use a mix of mass media extension education methods so as to expand the coverage.
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Chukwu, Chinedu, Herbert Onuoha, Kwala Adline Katty Okorafor, Oluwaseun Ojomo, Olugbenga A. Mokuolu, and Michael Ekholuenetale. "Geopolitical zones differentials in intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) and long lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) utilization in Nigeria." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): e0254475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254475.
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Background The coverage of long lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) and intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) uptake for the prevention of malaria commonly vary by geography. Many sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, including Nigeria are adopting the use of LLIN and IPTp to fight malaria. Albeit, the coverage of these interventions to prevent malaria across geographical divisions have been understudied in many countries. In this study, we aimed to explore the differentials in LLIN and IPTp uptake across Nigerian geopolitical zones. Methods We analyzed data from Nigeria Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2016–17. The outcome variables were IPTp and LLIN uptake among women of childbearing age (15–49 years). A total sample of 24,344 women who had given birth were examined for IPTp use and 36,176 women for LLIN use. Percentages, Chi-square test and multivariable logit models plots were used to examine the geopolitical zones differentials in IPTp and LLIN utilization. Data was analyzed at 5% level of significance. Results The overall prevalence of IPTp was 76.0% in Nigeria. Moreover, there were differences across geopolitical zones: North Central (71.3%), North East (76.9%), North West (78.2%), South East (76.1%), South South (79.7%) and South West (72.4%) respectively. Furthermore, the prevalence of LLIN was 87.7%% in Nigeria. Also, there were differences across geopolitical zones: North Central (89.1%), North East (91.8%), North West (90.0%), South East (77.3%), South South (81.1%) and South West (69.8%) respectively. Women who have access to media use, married, educated and non-poor were more likely to uptake IPTp. On the other hand, rural dwellers and those with media use were more likely to use LLIN. Conversely, married, educated, non-poor and women aged 25–34 and 35+ were less likely to use LLIN. Conclusion Though the utilization of IPTp and LLIN was relatively high, full coverage are yet to be achieved. There was geopolitical zones differentials in the prevalence of IPTp and LLIN in Nigeria. Promoting the utilization of IPTp and LLINs across the six geopolitical zones through intensive health education and widespread mass media campaigns will help to achieve the full scale IPTp and LLIN utilization.
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O’Shea, Paul. "Strategic narratives and US military bases in Japan: How ‘deterrence’ makes the Marine base on Okinawa ‘indispensable’." Media, War & Conflict 12, no. 4 (November 21, 2018): 450–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635218810904.
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Governed directly by the US from the Battle of Okinawa in 1945 until its reversion to Japan in 1972, the island of Okinawa hosts the majority of US military bases in Japan despite comprising only a fraction of a percent of the total land area. The central government in Tokyo has refused to countenance revision of the status quo in the face of increasing local opposition, including mass protests and the election of anti-base politicians at the local, prefectural and national level. The relocation of the controversial Marine base at Futenma to Henoko in the north of the island, has become the locus of opposition in recent years. Activists, local media and local politicians call for it to be relocated outside Okinawa to reduce the burden on the prefecture, while the central government, conservative national media and the US maintain that the current relocation plan must be implemented – to do otherwise would undermine deterrence. This article analyses the projection of the deterrence strategic narrative in the conservative Japanese media. The first section locates the concept of strategic narratives in a discursive epistemology, and highlights the importance of discursively empowered actors, before placing the newspapers in the broader context of the Japanese media environment, which differs from that of other highly developed countries in the way it empowers traditional actors. The main section of the article then traces the development of the narrative from the late 1990s, analysing how it discursively links the Marines’ presence with the ‘China threat’, and how it renders those who question the narrative as naïve, or even dangerous, for potentially undermining the Japan–US alliance and thus the security of all Japan. The article concludes by assessing the effects of the narrative, including potential unintended consequences for deterrence in the long run.
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Mutsvairo, Bruce, and Saba Bebawi. "Journalism Educators, Regulatory Realities, and Pedagogical Predicaments of the “Fake News” Era: A Comparative Perspective on the Middle East and Africa." Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 74, no. 2 (March 13, 2019): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077695819833552.
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From diplomatic spats between Qatar and Saudi Arabia to ubiquitous deceptive “news” updates purportedly sent by the Eritrean government urging all men to marry two wives or risk imprisonment, the future of fact-based reporting appears uncertain as mass media recipients world over become accustomed to consuming “fake news.” Despite the exponential expansion of journalism educators in the Middle East and Africa, several curriculums in these regions have been struggling to cope with the rising dominance of the “fake news” movement. Both regions have a well-documented appetite for conspiracy theories and indeed the power of disinformation and propaganda, which seem to have gathered steam in the wake of deliberate dissemination of hoaxes or sensationalist stories predominantly distributed via social media platforms, potentially posing a threat to the credibility of journalism. This article provides an updated state of affairs on the expansion of “fake news” in the Middle East and Africa arguing after an explorative examination of 10 journalism curriculums that educators need to focus on local contexts when preparing journalism modules. Although it is important to discuss global trends, developments, controversies, debates, and discussions involving the “fake news” movement, we think future journalists from both regions would benefit from media literacy courses that identify the difference between fact and fiction in relation to their own contexts. This is relevant because current pedagogical approaches appear influenced by developments abroad especially in these countries’ past colonial masters.
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Alemu, Sintayehu Kassaye, Mei Qu, Zulfa Sakhiyya, Sonja Trifuljesko, and On Hee Choi. "Re-considering internationalisation from the periphery." Learning and Teaching 15, no. 3 (December 1, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2022.150302.
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While there is little agreement about the definitions, theories and practices of internationalisation, they have one thing in common. They tend to originate from Europe and North America and primarily serve the interests of Anglo-American academia (Ivancheva and Syndicus 2019; Marginson 2016; Rhoades et al. 2019). These two articles take a different perspective. They look at internationalisation from two kinds of peripheries and consider the strategies that peripheralised countries and people are using to try and create a more balanced or equal relationship between local or national interests and those of universities in Europe and North America. The first article considers internationalisation from peripheral countries in sub-Saharan Africa, China and Indonesia and explores the strategies of regional cooperation, ‘balanced internationalisation’ and marketisation (respectively) that they are adopting to resist marginalisation and dependency. The second article is written from the perspective of international students who are peripheralised within their host university and country in Europe. It explores the dilemmas students encounter when trying to negotiate language politics and the use of social media in order to participate more fully in the university and society.
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Bennett, Sam. "Whose line is it anyway?" Journal of Language and Politics 16, no. 3 (April 5, 2017): 345–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.16008.ben.
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Abstract Pride marches are increasingly common in the 'global South' and can be seen as signs of progress towards greater social acceptance of sexual minorities. Such movements often appropriate and mimic semiotic symbols and discursive frames visible in Pride movements in countries in the North, such as rainbow flags and the discourse of human rights. However, there is also a degree of recontextualisation of these symbols and frames in order to deal with specific local social, political, cultural and economic contexts. Though at different 'stages' of acceptance of non-heteronormative lifestyles, India and South Africa offer fruitful sites for comparative, qualitative research. In analysing the language of print media as a way of gauging how Pride movements are discursively constructed, the paper focuses on nominational and predicational strategies (Reisigl and Wodak 2001) to critically analyse actor representations in a sample of articles from national newspapers from each country.
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Percival, Lawrence M. E., Micha Ruhl, Stephen P. Hesselbo, Hugh C. Jenkyns, Tamsin A. Mather, and Jessica H. Whiteside. "Mercury evidence for pulsed volcanism during the end-Triassic mass extinction." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 30 (June 19, 2017): 7929–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1705378114.
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The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) has long been proposed as having a causal relationship with the end-Triassic extinction event (∼201.5 Ma). In North America and northern Africa, CAMP is preserved as multiple basaltic units interbedded with uppermost Triassic to lowermost Jurassic sediments. However, it has been unclear whether this apparent pulsing was a local feature, or if pulses in the intensity of CAMP volcanism characterized the emplacement of the province as a whole. Here, six geographically widespread Triassic–Jurassic records, representing varied paleoenvironments, are analyzed for mercury (Hg) concentrations and Hg/total organic carbon (Hg/TOC) ratios. Volcanism is a major source of mercury to the modern environment. Clear increases in Hg and Hg/TOC are observed at the end-Triassic extinction horizon, confirming that a volcanically induced global Hg cycle perturbation occurred at that time. The established correlation between the extinction horizon and lowest CAMP basalts allows this sedimentary Hg excursion to be stratigraphically tied to a specific flood basalt unit, strengthening the case for volcanic Hg as the driver of sedimentary Hg/TOC spikes. Additional Hg/TOC peaks are also documented between the extinction horizon and the Triassic–Jurassic boundary (separated by ∼200 ky), supporting pulsatory intensity of CAMP volcanism across the entire province and providing direct evidence for episodic volatile release during the initial stages of CAMP emplacement. Pulsatory volcanism, and associated perturbations in the ocean–atmosphere system, likely had profound implications for the rate and magnitude of the end-Triassic mass extinction and subsequent biotic recovery.
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Marsden, Nicholas A., Romy Ullrich, Ottmar Möhler, Stine Eriksen Hammer, Konrad Kandler, Zhiqiang Cui, Paul I. Williams, et al. "Mineralogy and mixing state of north African mineral dust by online single-particle mass spectrometry." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 4 (February 21, 2019): 2259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2259-2019.
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Abstract. The mineralogy and mixing state of dust particles originating from the African continent influences climate and marine ecosystems in the North Atlantic due to its effect on radiation, cloud properties and biogeochemical cycling. However, these processes are difficult to constrain because of large temporal and spatial variability, and the lack of in situ measurements of dust properties at all stages of the dust cycle. This lack of measurements is in part due to the remoteness of potential source areas (PSAs) and transport pathways but also because of the lack of an efficient method to report the mineralogy and mixing state of single particles with a time resolution comparable to atmospheric processes, which may last a few hours or less. Measurements are equally challenging in laboratory simulations where dust particles need to be isolated and characterised in low numbers whilst conditions are dynamically controlled and monitored in real time. This is particularly important in controlled expansion cloud chambers (CECCs) where ice-nucleating properties of suspended dust samples are studied in cold and mixed phase cloud conditions. In this work, the mineralogy and mixing state of the fine fraction (<2.5 µm) in laboratory-suspended dust from PSAs in north Africa were made using novel techniques with online single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) and traditional offline scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A regional difference in mineralogy was detected, with material sourced from Morocco containing a high number fraction of illite-like particles in contrast to Sahelian material which contains potassium- and sodium-depleted clay minerals like kaolinite. Single-particle mixing state had a much greater local variation than mineralogy, particularly with respect to organic–biological content. Applying the same methods to ambient measurement of transported dust in the marine boundary layer at Cabo Verde in the remote North Atlantic enabled the number fractions of illite/smectite clay mineral (ISCM), non-ISCM and calcium-containing particles to be reported at a 1 h time resolution over a 20-day period. Internal mixing of silicate particles with nitrate, chlorine and organic–biological material was also measured and compared to that in the suspended soils. The results show SPMS and SEM techniques are complementary and demonstrate that SPMS can provide a meaningful high-resolution measurement of single-particle mineralogy and mixing state in laboratory and ambient conditions. In most cases, the differences in the mineralogical composition between particles within a soil sample were small. Thus, particles were not composed of discrete mineral phases. In ambient measurements, the ISCM and nitrate content was found to change significantly between distinct dust events, indicating a shift in source and transport pathways which may not be captured in offline composition analysis or remote sensing techniques.
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Anna, Misyun. "«NORTHERN LIGHTS»: VISUALIZATION OF THE NEW RUSSIAN HISTORICAL NARRATIVE." Doxa, no. 1(35) (December 22, 2021): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2410-2601.2021.1(35).246725.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of one of modern Russia’s local or group historical narratives, which articulates the mystical connection of the north-Russian population with Finno-Ugric shamanic practices based on runes «Kalevala». The TV series «Northern Lights» (the original script of Victoria Platova) in the genre of a mystical detective discusses one of the ways to deploy a «folk» or popular historical narrative, which is some controversial attitude of the state policy of memory and a conservative turn in historical policy. The relationship of the representations about Finnish roots of Russian ethnos with such unrelated concepts as «escapism» and «Aryan myth» was analyzed. The gradual drift of popular history in mass media is considered from the purely Slavic narrative of origin and ancient mystical practices of the people of north-western Russia to the recognition of Finno-Ugric roots or even the unity of Russian and Finnish peoples of the Russian north. The deconstruction of the series by visual anthropology techniques revealed a constant appeal to the everyday magical practices of the Karelian heroes of the series, who identify themselves as Russians. The inhabitants of the Island, where the action takes place, all the structure of their daily lives and holidays are built around the gods and heroes of Kalevala. The narratives «Finnish roots» in media are considered in connection with the interpretation of dubious results «Russian Nobility DNA Project», the origin of Princess Olha and Old Ladoga, as the source of Russia. The conclusion is reached on the participation of many actors and polyphonicity of modern Russian historical narrative, search for new lines of interface of Russian history and Europe.
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Gapeeva, Marina S. "SOME ISSUES OF THE SOVIET NATIONAL PRESS FORMATION IN AUTONOMIES OF THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS IN THE 1920S’." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 15, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch15128-36.
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The article discusses the formation and development of the Soviet national press in the autonomies of the North Caucasus in the first post-revolutionary decade. The national press became one of the primary tasks in building socialist culture and socialist ideology. The article reflects the role of the media as a tool for the formation of public consciousness and the most powerful method of mass education and the fight against illiteracy. The process of Latinization of the alphabets of mountaineers is considered, the reasons for this process are explained, the advantages of national alphabets on a Latin graphic basis are revealed as compared to the majority of the highlanders, using the Arab one. The author notes that Latinization was a kind of catalyst for the development of the print. The range of issues that the first Soviet newspapers were supposed to cover as ideas and principles of the Soviet state is defined. The article describes the structure of an extensive media system aimed at all sectors of society. There are groups of newspapers of regional significance, published in Russian, as well as newspapers, published in the local languages of the mountaineers. The role of local newspapers in the process of emergence and development of national artistic culture is shown. The first newspapers became the focus of the development of the national literature of the highlanders, since it was on the pages of the newspapers that the representatives of the mountain national artistic intelligentsia published their first works. The process of creating associations of proletarian writers, which took place by rallying local authors of the artistic word around major printed publications of the region, is revealed.
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Mitra, Sreya. "Beyond the Nation and the Diaspora." Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 14, no. 1-2 (September 28, 2021): 135–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01401001.
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Abstract The MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region has long been a site of Hindi film consumption and circulation, with Dubai emerging in recent years as a potent hub for Bollywood’s overseas distribution and marketing. Though the role of the “Gulf” in articulating immigrant experiences and regional identity among Malayali Indians is well documented (Radhakrishnan 2009), Hindi cinema’s popularity in the region has rarely received any scholarly attention. In the past decade, UAE has witnessed the launch of three cable and satellite television channels—Zee Aflam (2009), Zee Alwan (2012) and MBC Bollywood (2013)—with dedicated Bollywood content, much of which is dubbed in Arabic and targeted primarily at the local Emirati audience. This paper examines the consumption and dissemination of this dubbed Indian content, which includes Bollywood films as well as Hindi television series, among the Arabic-speaking audience. As I argue, the current popularity of “Bollywood in Arabic” can be historicized and traced back to popular Hindi cinema’s consumption in the Gulf during the sixties and seventies, particularly among the local Emirati audience. In doing so, I not only extend the scope of Hindi film scholarship beyond the hegemonic parameters of the nation and its citizens, but also, interrogate the role of Dubai and the “Gulf” as a cultural capital of transnational media economics.
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Larkin, Brian. "Indian films and Nigerian lovers: media and the creation of parallel modernities." Africa 67, no. 3 (July 1997): 406–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161182.
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AbstractThis article discusses the significance of Indian films in revealing a relatively ignored aspect of the transnational flow of culture. The intra-Third World circulation of Indian film offers Hausa viewers a way of imaginatively engaging with forms of tradition different from their own at the same time as conceiving of a modernity that comes without the political and ideological significance of that of the West. After discussing reasons for the popularity of Indian films in a Hausa context, it accounts for this imaginative investment of viewers by looking at narrative as a mode of social enquiry. Hausa youth explore the limits of accepted Hausa attitudes to love and sexuality through the narratives of Indian film and Hausa love stories (soyayya). This exploration has occasioned intense public debate, as soyayya authors are accused of corrupting Hausa youth by borrowing foreign modes of love and sexual relations. The article argues that this controversy indexes wider concerns about the shape and direction of contemporary Nigerian culture. Analysing soyayya books and Indian films gives insight into the local reworking and indigenising of transnational media flows that take place within and between Third World countries, disrupting the dichotomies between West and non-West, coloniser and colonised, modernity and tradition, in order to see how media create parallel modernities. Through spectacle and fantasy, romance and sexuality, Indian films provide arenas for considering what it means to be modern and what may be the place of Hausa society within that modernity. For northern Nigerians, who respond to a number of different centres, whether politically to the Nigerian state, religiously to the Middle East and North Africa, economically to the West, or culturally to the cinematic dominance of India, Indian films are just one part of the heterogeneity of everyday life. They provide a parallel modernity, a way of imaginatively engaging with the changing social basis of contemporary life that is an alternative to the pervasive influence of a secular West.
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Bowden, Christopher G. R., Ken W. Smith, Mohammed El Bekkay, Widade Oubrou, Ali Aghnaj, and Maria Jimenez-Armesto. "Contribution of research to conservation action for the Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita in Morocco." Bird Conservation International 18, S1 (August 7, 2008): S74—S90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270908000403.
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AbstractThe Northern Bald Ibis or Waldrapp Geronticus eremita is a species of arid semi-deserts and steppes, which was formerly widely distributed as a breeding bird across North Africa, the Middle East and the European Alps. Just over 100 breeding pairs now remain in the wild at two sites in Morocco whilst two further wild pairs remain in Syria. There is also a population in Turkey, which is maintained for part of the year in captivity, and a large captive population in zoos. The species is classified by IUCN as ‘Critically Endangered’, the highest threat category. The wild population has grown during the past decade, which represents the first evidence of population growth in the species' recorded history. Conservation action in Morocco has contributed to this recovery. A large part of the contribution of research to conservation action has been to establish and document the value of simple site and species protection. Quantitative assessments of the importance of sites for breeding, roosting and foraging have helped to prevent disturbance and the loss of sites to mass-tourism development. Wardening by members of the local community have reduced disturbance by local people and others and increased the perceived value of the birds. Monitoring has suggested additional ways to improve the breeding status of the species, including the provision of drinking water and removal and deterrence of predators and competitors. These actions have been evaluated by subsequent testing. Steppe and two-year fallows were shown to be the key feeding habitats, and maintaining such non-intensive land uses in future may present major management challenges. The recovery in the Souss-Massa region remains precarious because the population is concentrated in a few places where adverse changes are possible. However, it could provide opportunities for natural extension of the range to formerly occupied sites further north in Morocco.
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Turpalov, Lema A. "North Caucasian Radio Journalism during the Strengthening of Bolshevik Totalitarianism: Finding its own Voice." Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 2021, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2021-2-230-240.
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The importance of ideological support for the processes of establishing Soviet power in the North Caucasus increased due to the fact that socialist ideas were little known and incomprehensible to local peoples. The main tool of the Leninist party to propagate socialist transformations – the press – was not effective due to the fact that the mountain population was nearly illiterate. Under these conditions, the only nascent radio became the main tool for manipulating the mass consciousness. The article is a continuation of the publication in the third issue of Proceedings of SFedU for 2020 “Radio Journalism as a Component of the Bolshevist System of Authoritary Journalism of Autonomies of the North Caucasus: the Stage of Formation” and is devoted to the little-studied issues of transformation of a new type of media, relatively independent at the initial stage of Soviet power. It was during this period that the actual radio forms and methods of work of regional radio editions, genres of programs, took shape. Meanwhile, in the historical and journalistic literature, even published in the post-Soviet period, the activities of regional radio broadcasting at the stage of socialist construction are still assessed from the standpoint of communist ideology. It is the time to revise some of the assessments and theses of research carried out in the age of communist authoritarianism. The article attempts to reveal the role of the regional radio journalism in the formation of the dictatorship of the Bolshevik party secretariat, to outline the main trends in the development of the North Caucasian radio, to show the evolution of forms and genres of broadcasting.
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Tayob, A. I. "Approaches to the Study of Islam and Muslim Societies." American Journal of Islam and Society 9, no. 3 (October 1, 1992): 425–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v9i3.2585.
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This conference was convened by J. H. Dreyer of the Department ofSemitic Studies at the University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa, andthe Department of Religious Studies, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,South Africa. It was preceded by a banquet, during which the Islamic Studiesprogram of the Department of Religious Studies was introduced to the peopleof Cape Town. Approximately 250 invited guests attended the conference,which was well received by local Muslims and set the parameters for ahealthy relationship between the department and the Muslim community.The conference was attended by a fluctuating audience of eighty to 150individuals from the University of Cape Town and various Muslim communities.This provided an ideal opportunity for the emergence of a varietyof lively and critical ideas. Issues affecting Muslims living in South Africaalso generated a lot of discussion.The keynote guest speaker was Richard Martin, Arizona State University,Tucson, Arizona. The rest of the papers were presented by scholars fromSouth African universities who have been involved in the study of Islam andArabic. The following broad areas were covered: early Islamic history;Qur'anic hermeneutics in traditional and modem scholarship; revivalism;Islam in South Africa; and Muslim personal law in South Africa.The first session dealt with early Islam and featured two presentations.The first, Martin's paper on "Public Theology in Medieval Islam: The Roleof Kalam in Conflict Definition and Resolution," set the pace with aninteresting and innovative approach to the study of early theological disputes.In addition, he presented kalam disputes to illustrate how modem discussionsand debates on fundamentalism have produced a kind of public theologyinvolving both the media and academia in North America. He was followedby Abdul Kader I. Tayob, University of Cape Town, who dealt with themeaning and significance of the masjid as a sacred space as reflected in theQur'an and si'rah literature of the thirteenth hijri century.Two papers on Qur'anic hermeneutics made up the second session. A. K. ...
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Zaseev, George A. "Periodicals as a Factor of Strengthening Soviet Power During the Transition Period (by the Materials of the North Caucasian Press)." Vestnik of North-Ossetian State University, no. 2(2021) (June 25, 2021): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2021-2-36-43.
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The article examines the processes of the formation of mass periodicals in the North Caucasus in the first years of the existence of Soviet power. Its relevance is due to the poor study of the Soviet press of the 1920s, especially its development in the national regions of the state. It is shown that the functions of the Soviet press at the first stages of its existence were reduced to the ideological struggle against counter-revolution and party opposition. At the same time, the newspapers covered topics relevant to early Soviet everyday life: peasant and school issues, the life of auls, food appropriation, food tax, etc. The purpose of the article is to examine the process of development of the Bolshevik policy in the field of mass media in the post-revolutionary period. It is emphasized that for a number of regions of the North Caucasus, the appearance of their own periodicals is associated with the arrival of the Soviet regime, which is pursuing a protectionist policy in relation to the press. It was within the framework of this policy that a number of local publications were published in the languages of the peoples of the North Caucasus, for example, the Ossetian «Rastdzinad». The list of newspapers published in the region during the period under study is presented, among which, in terms of the duration of the issue, the thematic content, one can single out such newspapers as «Krasnaya Kabarda», «Kommunist», «Sovetskaya Autonomnaya Chechnya», and «Gorskaya Pravda». Special attention is paid to the substantive analysis of the «Kommunist» newspaper for 1920, which made it possible to identify the most relevant plots and topics related to the coverage of the events of the Civil War, as well as the processes taking place within the framework of the emerging new economic policy and nation-building. In the conclusion, it is concluded that the important role played by both the Soviet periodicals and the press of the national regions in the ideological support of the activities of the organs of Soviet power.
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Al-Jaaidi, B. "Relay for Life UAE: A 24-Hour Community Gathering for the First Time in the Mena Region and North Africa." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 188s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.25900.
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Amount raised: 793,309.28 USD (2,913,900 AED). Background and context: Relay For Life began in the USA in May 1985 when colorectal surgeon, Dr. Gordy Klatt, wanted to raise awareness around cancer and boost his local cancer charity income. Since then, Relay For Life has become the largest fundraising event for cancer in the world. Friends of Cancer Patients launched the region´s first ever Relay For Life in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates with participation of more than 2500 people. Aim: Relay For Life UAE aims to raise awareness around cancer and spread the importance of leading a healthy life style, raise funds to support the FOCP patients mission against cancer, empower the cancer patients and create a community to support them and their families. Strategy/Tactics: Relay is a team fundraising event where members take turns walking around a track for 24 hours. Each team is asked to have a member on the track at all times to signify that cancer never sleeps. Taking place for the first time in UAE, Relay for Life gives everyone a chance to celebrate cancer survivors and carers; remember loved ones lost to cancer; and fight back by raising awareness and funds to support the work of Friends of Cancer Patients. FOCP has organized number of roadshows to explain to the different communities the concept of Relay for Life and how to be part of it. We reached to schools, universities, public events and parks, private and government organization. We offered a customized package for corporates to encourage their employees to participate as volunteers or as relayers. Furthermore, special packages for families were made to make it easy for them to join, while schools and universities student had a free entry. Program process: Press conference, to announce the date and venue of the event and explain to the media what is Relay For Life. Roadshow, to explain to the public what is Relay for Life and drive registration and donations. Opening ceremony. Survivors lap. Celebrate cancer survivors. Remember loved ones lost to cancer. Fight back by raising awareness and donations. Sponsored WiFi offered to all participants. Teams and families participating have the chance to fundraise during the event by selling items or offering services for a donation. Security all over the venue for 24 hours. ATM machine on site. Sponsored water for all participants. Food providers onsite for 24 hours. What was learned: 24 hours Relay for Life UAE has given the community a chance to create a strong community feeling with the cancer patients and their families. The most important lesson learnt was that people with no affiliation with cancer have seen the cancer survivors and how to be strong and never give up.
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Pike, Kirsten. "Disney in Doha." Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 11, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 72–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01101005.
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Abstract This article explores the ways that Al Jazeera’s Jeem TV—an Arabic channel aimed at preteens in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)—increasingly relies on content from Disney to fill its schedule, while also adapting it to better reflect cultural norms and sensitivities in the Arab Gulf. Specifically, the essay examines how Jeem’s rewriting, re-editing and dubbing strategies are transforming the gendered meanings of Disney films and TV shows in both constructive and restrictive ways. While previous scholarship has shed crucial light on young peoples’ negotiations with Disney content (Lemish et al. 1998; Lemish and Reznik 2011; Wasko, Phillips and Meehan 2001), little is known about Middle Eastern Arab girls’ responses to original and censored versions of Disney media—which, in the latter case, are being redesigned for their benefit. Through close analysis of Jeem’s Disney offerings and research with Arab female college students in Doha, my analysis aims to fill this gap. In the process, it highlights Arab girls’ diverse (and sometimes resistant) negotiations with gendered contradictions in Jeem’s output—thus underscoring the challenges faced by children’s television producers in the region as they endeavor to balance local stories (and traditions) with popular global entertainment.
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Chisa, Ken, and Ruth Hoskins. "THE EFFECTS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES ON INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES IN SOUTH AFRICA: A LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE." Mousaion: South African Journal of Information Studies 32, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0027-2639/1676.
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When information and communication technologies (ICTs) are introduced in an indigenous environment, they bring along with them mass media, popular culture and global languages such as English. This may cause conflict with existing local traditions and may sometimes erode cultural stability. Paradoxically, these technologies can also empower the same community with new tools to create new economic, social and political opportunities besides preserving, promoting, and even safeguarding its indigenous cultural identity. This dichotomy begs the question: under which conditions can ICTs empower indigenous communities? This article investigates this question, focusing on the role of ICTs in promoting indigenous peoples’ livelihoods in South Africa. It analyses key factors under which information and knowledge can be instrumental for the empowerment of marginalised groups. The article argues that improved access to information coupled with ICT skills can enhance indigenous peoples’ capabilities to make strategic life choices and uplift their own livelihoods. Furthermore, the article develops an alternative evaluation framework for ICT interventions in indigenous communities based on Sen’s (1999) capability approach. In contrast to the dominant narrative around the ‘digital divide’, this framework places the human development of indigenous communities other than ICTs at the centre of the analysis. With examples and experiences from two case studiesfrom South Africa and Uganda, the article concludes that there is no direct causal link between ICTs and the social development of indigenous communities, but that in fact this relationship is shaped by a dynamic, multi-dimensional interrelationship between technology and the social context.
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Castillo-Soriano, María de los Ángeles, Alberto Canavati-Espinosa, and Diana Isabel Maldonado-Flores. "O imaginário suburbano e o Mass Media: um reflexo de sua construção e desmontagem na geração do chamado Baby Boom nos Estados Unidos (1946-1974)." Revista Perspectivas 6, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/25909215.2917.
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According to Cambridge Dictionary, the meaning of Suburbia is related to peripheral parts of a city where there are houses, but there is not a considerable amount of retailers, work places and leisure venues. Obviously this definition is understood from an elemental point of view, it is, since the ends of the 18th century according to the urban conditions of English and newly North American towns. Even so, throughout the last six decades, more specifically 1946 and 1974, there was an interesting, as well as a vast record of information regarding this peculiar sort of urban planning, so representative of a young and naïve post-war consumption society, that shaped a lifestyle that was envied as imitated abroad (with several local interpretations in all over the globe). However, these imaginaries, largely, have been built from the positivist perspectives of a society in the curb of its industrialization, but also as a result of the critical thinking, have mutated towards the disassembly and the demystifying of what once was considered the ideal way of making a new city from this outskirt urban-planning format. The role that cinema, literature and visual arts have played in the idealization, the projection, the construction and disassembly of Suburbia as an urban model of social aspiration, have been so influential in a large number of American families, who pretend to resemble the models shown in television media, and in certain way in literature, which has been a line of argument that gave rise to the advertising and programs in film and television industry. In this article there will be an approach about the role that both literature, cinema and art have played in the idealization, projection, construction and disassembly of the suburb as an imaginary of apparent social welfare for a large part of American society.
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Saidin, Mohd Irwan Syazli. "The Arab Spring Through Malaysian Youth ‘Eyes’: Knowledge, Perceptions and Influences." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0012.
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AbstractThis paper examines the attitude of Malaysian youth towards the ‘Arab Spring’ events in the Middle East and North Africa. In particular, it explores the knowledge and perceptions of a selected young generation in Malaysia towards the ‘Arab Spring’ as well as considering how the events influence their attitudes towards regime change, democracy and political stability. The major involvement of Malaysian youth in a series of mass protests (“BERSIH”) against the ruling government, were perceived by numerous local and foreign journalists as an attempt to create a “Malaysian Spring”. However, there have been strong opinions voiced by the Malaysian authorities suggesting that there was no basis for presuming an ‘Arab Spring’ impact in the context of the Malaysian experience. This raises the question of the relationship between the ‘Arab Spring’ and Malaysian youth. In so doing, both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied through a questionnaire based-survey involving 607 respondents as well as 10 in-depth interviews with selected Malaysian youth leaders. The outcome of this research shows that a number of youth believing that they were inspired by the acts of mass street protests during the ‘Arab Spring’. However, the fear of political instability which is currently evident in the post-Arab Spring led to some respondents favouring political stability rather than regime change. Overall, this empirical research found that the majority of Malaysian youth are supportive of a free and democratic election as a relevant medium for political change, rather than overthrowing the current regime via civil disobedience.
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Naydenko, Vitaly N. "Expert Assessment of Negative Manifestations that Cause Ethnic and National Conflicts in Modern Russia." Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika 8, no. 3 (2020): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2020.8.3.7493.
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The article deals with the problems of modern ethnic conflict manifestations, which, if ethnic tension increases in Russian society, may pose a threat to Russia’s national security. The survey conducted by the author of the article (using the methods of questionnaires and in–depth interviews) of twenty experts who are highly qualified specialists in the field of countering ethnoextremism, the results of mass sociological research, analysis of scientific papers and media publications on the research topic allowed us to determine the probability of various negative manifestations that cause the emergence and development of ethno-national conflicts in the next five to seven years. The most likely negative manifestations (the maximum expert rating is “5”) are the actions of Islamist extremism, including terrorism. The main danger is the terrorist activities of the international organization “Islamic state” and its affiliated extremist structures. Experts believe that ethnoextremistic actions are quite likely (rating “3”): local population towards non-cultural migrants from the North Caucasus republics; local population towards migrants from Central Asian States and towards Russians in the national republics of Russia; local population towards the Federal government and regional authorities; as well as due to the increased influx of migrants from China towards migrants from Ukraine. Experts consider negative manifestations of regional elites towards the Federal government, local population towards Russian citizens in foreign countries, as well as manifestations of Russian nationalism and anti-Semitism to be the least likely (rating “2”). The results of scientific research presented in this article demonstrate the importance of studying the problem of negative ethnic and national manifestations, determining the degree of their influence on the content and dynamics of possible conflicts, and developing effective measures for their timely prevention and suppression.