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Journal articles on the topic 'Local Heath Departments'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Lasalvia, Antonio, Bruno Gentile, Mirella Ruggeri, Alessandro Marcolin, Flavio Nosè, Lodovico Cappellari, Dario Lamonaca, et al. "Heterogeneity of the Departments of Mental Health in the Veneto Region ten years after the National Plan 1994-96 for Mental Health. Which implication for clinical practice? Findings from the PICOS Project." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 16, no. 1 (March 2007): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00004619.

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SUMMARYAims - This study aims to present data on structural and human resources of public mental health services located in the Veneto Region, Italy, and to discuss them in the light of implementation of the first National Target Plan for Mental Health (“Progetto Obiettivo 1994-1996”) ten years after its launch. Methods - The study was conducted in the context of the PICOS (Psychosis Incident Cohort Outcome Study) Project, a large first-presentation multisite study on patients with psychotic disorders attending community mental heath services in the Veneto Region. Human and structural resources were surveyed in 26 study sites using a structured interview administered by the PICOS local referents. Results - CMHCs and Day Centres were homogeneously distributed across the Region and their overall rates per resident population met the national standards; a wide variability in the distribution of Day Hospitals was found, with the overall rate per resident population very far from meeting the national standard; the overall rate for Residential Facilities beds was higher than the recommended national standard, showing however an high variability across sites. The overall rate of mental health professionals per resident population was only slightly below the national standard: this was mainly achieved thanks to non-profit organizations which supplement the public system with unspecialised professionals; however, a wide variability in the local rates per resident population was found, with the 50% of the sites showing rates far lower the national standard. Specific lack of trained professionals involved in the provision of psychosocial interventions was found in most sites. Conclusions - A marked variability in human and structural resources across community mental health services in the Veneto Region was found. Possible reasons for this heterogeneity were analysed and implications for mental health care provision were further discussed.Declaration of Interest: The study has been supported by the Regione del Veneto, Giunta Regionale, Ricerca Sanitaria Finalizzata 2004, Venezia, Italia (grant to Professor M. Ruggeri).

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2

Corrarino, Jane E., and Merry-K. Moos. "LOCAL HEALTH DEPARTMENTS." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 29, no. 6 (November 2004): 366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005721-200411000-00006.

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3

Novick, Lloyd F. "Local Health Departments." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 18, no. 2 (2012): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0b013e31824733e2.

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4

Reid, W. Michael, Doris M. Barnette, and Charles S. Mahan. "Local Health Departments." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 4, no. 5 (September 1998): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124784-199809000-00003.

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5

Mirza, Muzna, Lauren Wattenmaker, Odion Clunis, Wendy Vance, Shunte Moon, and Daniel Pollock. "Extending the Use of Healthcare-Associated Infections and Antibiotic Use and Resistance Surveillance Data." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.784.

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Background: The CDC National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) is the nation’s most widely used healthcare-associated infection (HAI) and antibiotic use and resistance (AUR) surveillance system. More than 22,000 healthcare facilities report data to the NHSN. The NHSN data are used by facilities, the CDC, health departments, the CMS, among other organizations and agencies. In 2017, the CDC updated the NHSN Agreement to Participate and Consent (Agreement), completed by facilities, broadening health department access to NHSN data and extending eligibility for data use agreements (DUAs) to local and territorial health departments. DUAs enable access to NHSN data reported by facilities in the health department’s jurisdiction and have been available to state health departments since 2011. The updated agreement also enables the CDC to provide NHSN data to health departments for targeted prevention projects outbreak investigations and responses. Methods: We reviewed the current NHSN DUA inventory to assess the extent to which health departments use the NHSN’s new data access provisions and used semistructured interviews with health department staff, conducted via emails, phone, and in person conversations, to identify and describe their NHSN data uses. Results: As of late 2019, the NHSN has DUAs with health departments in 17 states, 7 local health departments (including municipalities and counties), and 1 US territory. The NHSN also has received requests from 2 state health departments for data supporting HAI prevention projects. Health departments with DUAs described improved relationships with facilities in their jurisdictions because of new opportunities to offer NHSN data analysis assistance to facilities. One local health department analyzed their NHSN carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) data to identify (1) facilities in its jurisdiction with comparatively high CRE infection burden and (2) geographic areas to target for a CRE isolate submission program. Outreach to facilities with high CRE burden led to enrollment of 15 clinical laboratories into a voluntary isolate submission program to analyze CRE isolates for additional characterization. Examples of health departments’ use of data for action include: notifying facilities with high standardized infection ratios (SIRs) and sharing Targeted Assessment for Prevention (TAP) reports. Conclusions: The NHSN’s role as a shared surveillance resource has expanded in multiple public health jurisdictions as a result of new data access provisions. Health departments are using NHSN data in their programmatic responses to HAI and AR challenges. New access to NHSN data is enabling public health jurisdictions to assess problems and opportunities, provide guidance for prevention projects, and support program evaluations.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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6

Pickett, George, and John H. Romani. "Accrediting Local Health Departments." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 4, no. 4 (July 1998): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124784-199807000-00016.

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7

Rutkow, Lainie, Holly A. Taylor, and Tia Powell. "Employer Requirements to Work during Emergency Responses: Key Ethics Considerations." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 45, S1 (2017): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110517703330.

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Local health departments and their employees are at the forefront of emergency preparedness and response. Yet, recent studies have found that some local public health workers are unwilling to report to work in a variety of disaster scenarios. This can greatly compromise a response, as many local health departments need “all hands on deck” to effectively meet increased demands. To address these concerns, local health departments have employed varied policy strategies to ensure that employees do report to work. After describing different approaches taken by local health departments throughout the United States, we briefly identify and explore key ethics considerations that arise for local health departments when employees are required to report to work for emergency responses. We then discuss how these ethics considerations may inform local health department practices intended to promote a robust emergency response.

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8

Zahner, Susan J., and Roxanne Vandermause. "Local Health Department Performance." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 9, no. 1 (January 2003): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124784-200301000-00004.

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9

Grossman, Elena, Michelle Hathaway, Kathleen F. Bush, Matthew Cahillane, Dorette Q. English, Tisha Holmes, Colleen E. Moran, Christopher K. Uejio, Emily A. York, and Samuel Dorevitch. "Minigrants to Local Health Departments." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 25, no. 2 (2019): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000000826.

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10

Key, Marcus M. "State and Local Health Departments." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 27, no. 5 (May 1985): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-198505000-00020.

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11

Laymon, Barbara, and David T. Dyjack. "Hospitals and Local Health Departments." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 18, no. 6 (2012): 633–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0b013e31826f6006.

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12

Bouton, Phillip B., and Michael Fraser. "Local Health Departments and GIS." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 5, no. 4 (July 1999): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124784-199907000-00008.

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13

Platonova, Elena A., James Studnicki, John W. Fisher, and Colleen Bridger. "Local Health Department Priority Setting." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 16, no. 2 (March 2010): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0b013e3181ca2618.

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14

Menkens, Anne J., David Stone, and Brittan Williams Wood. "Local Public Health Department Accreditation." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 15, no. 5 (September 2009): 443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.phh.0000359637.01648.a4.

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15

Darnell, Julie S., and Richard T. Campbell. "Succession Planning in Local Health Departments." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 21, no. 2 (2015): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000000120.

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16

Wong, Roger, Jenine K. Harris, Mackenzie Staub, and Jay M. Bernhardt. "Local Health Departments Tweeting About Ebola." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 23, no. 2 (2017): e16-e24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000000342.

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17

Hatzell, Theresa A., Eric S. Williams, Paul K. Halverson, and Arnold D. Kaluzny. "Improvement Strategy for Local Health Departments." Quality Management in Health Care 4, no. 3 (1996): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019514-199604030-00010.

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18

Leep, Carolyn, Leslie M. Beitsch, Grace Gorenflo, Jessica Solomon, and Robert G. Brooks. "Quality Improvement in Local Health Departments." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 15, no. 6 (November 2009): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0b013e3181aab5ca.

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19

Schwarte, Liz, Sarah E. Samuels, Maria Boyle, Sarah E. Clark, George Flores, and Bob Prentice. "Local Public Health Departments in California." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 16, no. 2 (March 2010): e17-e28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0b013e3181af63bb.

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20

Beitsch, Leslie M., Carolyn Leep, Gulzar Shah, Robert G. Brooks, and Robert M. Pestronk. "Quality Improvement in Local Health Departments." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 16, no. 1 (January 2010): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0b013e3181bedd0c.

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21

Reid, W. "Assurance opportunities for local health departments." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 16, no. 1 (January 1999): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00152-4.

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22

Erwin, Paul Campbell. "The Performance of Local Health Departments." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 14, no. 2 (March 2008): E9—E18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.phh.0000311903.34067.89.

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23

Morse, Anne. "Bioterrorism Preparedness for Local Health Departments." Journal of Community Health Nursing 19, no. 4 (December 2002): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327655jchn1904_01.

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24

Newman, Sarah J., Jiali Ye, and Carolyn J. Leep. "Workforce Turnover at Local Health Departments." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 47, no. 5 (November 2014): S337—S343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.07.023.

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25

Teutsch, Steven M., and Jonathan Fielding. "Economics and Local Public Health Departments." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 50, no. 5 (May 2016): S81—S83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.10.011.

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26

Shean, John, and Molly French. "Go Local: Innovating Local Health Departments' Engagement on Alzheimer’s." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.186.

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Abstract The aging Baby Boom generation is a major force behind projected increases in the prevalence of Alzheimer’s, which is expected to grow from 5.8 million (2020) to 13.8 million (2050). Local health departments play a major role connecting people living with dementia (and their caregivers) to services, supports, and education, and to ensure safe, accessible environments where they can flourish. From September 2019-July 2020, two local health departments (from San Diego County and the City of Boston) participated in a yearlong collaborative pilot project with the Alzheimer’s Association to advance cognitive health, dementia, and caregiving issues in their local jurisdictions. The National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) provided expert guidance and input throughout the collaboration. As part of the project, the local health departments: scanned their current work on healthy aging, identified existing data sources, and examined how existing healthy equity initiatives can apply to cognitive health, dementia, and caregiving issues. Action plans were developed, with a focus on policy mechanisms to initiate and sustain these projects and workforce development initiatives. Plans corresponded to actions of the Healthy Brain Initiative Road Map, helping elevate recommendations to change systems, policies, and environments. In fall 2020, LHDs will be able to use best practices, case studies, and tools developed from San Diego’s and Boston’s pilots to address Alzheimer’s as a chronic condition. The tools will help them engage health officials, develop action plans, and train the public health

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27

Sokol, Rebeccah, Beth Moracco, Sharon Nelson, Jill Rushing, Tish Singletary, Karen Stanley, and Anna Stein. "How local health departments work towards health equity." Evaluation and Program Planning 65 (December 2017): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2017.08.002.

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28

MacDougall, Heather. "Toronto’s Health Department in Action: Influenza in 1918 and SARS in 2003." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 62, no. 1 (October 11, 2006): 56–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrl042.

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Abstract This article compares the Toronto Health Department’s role in controlling the 1918 influenza epidemic with its activities during the SARS outbreak in 2003 and concludes that local health departments are the foundation for successful disease containment, provided that there is effective coordination, communication, and capacity. In 1918, Toronto’s MOH Charles Hastings was the acknowledged leader of efforts to contain the disease, care for the sick, and develop an effective vaccine, because neither a federal health department nor an international body like WHO existed. During the SARS outbreak, Hastings’s successor, Sheela Basrur, discovered that nearly a decade of underfunding and new policy foci such as health promotion had left the department vulnerable when faced with a potential epidemic. Lack of cooperation by provincial and federal authorities added further difficulties to the challenge of organizing contact tracing, quarantine, and isolation for suspected and probable cases and providing information and reassurance to the multi-ethnic population. With growing concern about a flu pandemic, the lessons of the past provide a foundation for future communicable disease control activities.

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29

Shrivastwa, Nijika, Joseph Perz, and Jennifer C. Hunter. "Health Department Authorities to Assist Healthcare Facilities with Outbreaks or High HAI Rates—Preliminary Assessment, 2018." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.801.

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Background: Health departments have been increasingly called upon to monitor healthcare associated-infections (HAIs) at the hospital- or facility-level and provide targeted assistance when high rates are identified. Health department capacity to effectively respond to these types of signals depends not only on technical expertise but also the legal and regulatory authority to intervene. Methods: We reviewed annual reports describing HAI and antibiotic resistance (HAI/AR) activities from CDC-funded HAI/AR programs for August 2017 through July 2018. We performed a qualitative data analysis on all 50 state health department responses to a question about their regulatory and legal authority to intervene or assist facilities without invitation when outbreaks are suspected (as determined by the health department) or high HAI rates have been identified (eg, based on NHSN data). Results: When an outbreak is identified, 31 health departments (62%) indicated that they have the authority to intervene without invitation from a facility and 8 (16%) did not specify. Among the 11 health departments (22%) that indicated that they do not have this authority, 5 (45%) states noted that they operate under decentralized systems in which the local health department can intervene in outbreak situations and the state health department is available to assist. When a health department identifies high HAI rates, 14 health departments (28%) indicated that they have the authority to intervene without invitation, 22 (44%) indicated that they do not, and 14 (28%) did not specify. Among those in the latter categories, 3 stated they can work through their local health departments, which do have this authority and 8 described working through partners (eg, State Hospital Association, n = 3 or State Healthcare Licensing Agency, n = 5). Discussion: Assistance from state health departments (eg, HAI/AR programs) in the context of outbreaks and high HAI rates has value that is usually well recognized and welcomed by healthcare facilities. Nonetheless, there are occasions when a health department might need to exert its authority to intervene. The preliminary analysis described here indicated that this authority was more commonly self-reported in the context of outbreaks than when high HAI rates are identified. These 2 situations are connected, as high rates might be indicative of unrecognized or unreported outbreak activity, and these issues may benefit from further analysis.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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Albright, Karen, Pari Shah, Melodie Santodomingo, and Jean Scandlyn. "Dissemination of Information About Climate Change by State and Local Public Health Departments: United States, 2019–2020." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 8 (August 2020): 1184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305723.

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Objectives. To determine if and how state and local public health departments present information about climate change on their Web sites, their most public-facing platform. Methods. We collected data from every functioning state (n = 50), county (n = 2090), and city (n = 585) public health department Web site in the United States in 2019 and 2020. We analyzed data for presence and type of climate-related content and to determine whether there existed clear ways to find climate change information. We analyzed Web sites providing original content about climate change for explanatory or attributional language. Results. Fewer than half (40%) of state health department Web sites, and only 1.6% of county and 3.9% of city Web sites, provided clear ways to find climate change information, whether through provision of original content or links to external agencies’ Web sites. Among Web sites providing original content, 48% provided no explanation of climate change causes. Conclusions. National and global public health associations have identified climate change as a public health emergency, but most state and local public health departments are not delivering that message. These departments must be better supported to facilitate dissemination of reliable, scientific information about climate change and its effects on health.

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31

Krieger, Nancy, Pamela D. Waterman, Neelesh Batra, Johnna S. Murphy, Daniel P. Dooley, and Snehal N. Shah. "Measures of Local Segregation for Monitoring Health Inequities by Local Health Departments." American Journal of Public Health 107, no. 6 (June 2017): 903–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2017.303713.

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32

Keane, Christopher, John Marx, and Edmund Ricci. "Local Health Departments' Mission to the Uninsured." Journal of Public Health Policy 24, no. 2 (2003): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3343509.

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33

Sprague, James B. "Twenty Local Health Departments, 46 Million People." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 21 (2015): S1—S3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000000174.

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34

Chen, Li-Wu, and Bruce Dart. "A Renewed Framework for Local Health Departments." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 25, no. 1 (2019): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000000915.

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35

Joly, Brenda M., Maureen Booth, George Shaler, and Prashant Mittal. "Assessing Quality Improvement in Local Health Departments." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 18, no. 1 (2012): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0b013e31823788da.

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36

Derose, Stephen F., Steven M. Asch, Jonathan E. Fielding, and Mark A. Schuster. "Developing quality indicators for local health departments." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 25, no. 4 (November 2003): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(03)00208-3.

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37

Leep, Carolyn J. "2005 National Profile of Local Health Departments." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 12, no. 5 (September 2006): 496–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124784-200609000-00019.

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38

Erwin, Paul C., Gulzar H. Shah, and Glen P. Mays. "Local Health Departments and the 2008 Recession." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 46, no. 6 (June 2014): 559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.01.025.

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39

McCullough, J. Mac, Jonathon P. Leider, and William J. Riley. "Local Fiscal Allocation for Public Health Departments." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 49, no. 6 (December 2015): 921–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.04.021.

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40

Swain, Geoffrey R., Nancy Bennett, Paul Etkind, and James Ransom. "Local Health Department and Academic Partnerships." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 12, no. 1 (January 2006): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124784-200601000-00008.

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41

Hansotte, Elinor, Elizabeth Bowman, P. Joseph Gibson, Brian E. Dixon, Virgil R. Madden, and Virginia A. Caine. "Supporting Health Equity Through Data-Driven Decision-Making: A Local Health Department Response to COVID-19." American Journal of Public Health 111, S3 (October 2021): S197—S200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306421.

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COVID-19 highlights preexisting inequities that affect health outcomes and access to care for Black and Brown Americans. The Marion County Public Health Department in Indiana sought to address inequities in COVID-19 testing by using surveillance data to place community testing sites in areas with the highest incidence of disease. Testing site demographic data indicated that targeted testing reached populations with the highest disease burden, suggesting that local health departments can effectively use surveillance data as a tool to address inequities. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(S3):S197–S200. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306421 )

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42

Beatty, Kate E., Paul Campbell Erwin, Ross C. Brownson, Michael Meit, and James Fey. "Public Health Agency Accreditation Among Rural Local Health Departments." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 24, no. 1 (2018): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000000509.

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43

Leep, Carolyn J., and Christine Brickman Bhutta. "NACCHO Monitors the Financial Health of Local Health Departments." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 18, no. 4 (2012): 393–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0b013e31825aa23b.

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Vest, Joshua R., and L. Michele Issel. "Data Sharing Between Local Health and State Health Departments." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 19, no. 4 (2013): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0b013e31826d8045.

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45

Shah, Gulzar H., William A. Mase, and Kristie C. Waterfield. "Local Health Departmentsʼ Engagement in Addressing Health Disparities." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 25, no. 2 (2019): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000000842.

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46

Backer, Howard D., Stanley R. Bissell, and Duc J. Vugia. "Disease reporting from an automated laboratory-based reporting system to a state health department via local county health departments." Public Health Reports 116, no. 3 (May 2001): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-3549(04)50041-9.

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47

Jabeen, Mussarat, Nasreen Aslam Shah, and Faraz Ahmed Wajidi. "An Analytical Study On Women Working Conditions In Health And Local Government Department Of Karachi." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 19, no. 1 (September 8, 2019): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v19i1.78.

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This research has examined the existing status of working women, their problems while performing jobs, working condition and measuring the decision making status at workplace and in their household economy. The study is also analyzed the awareness about pro- women laws, rules, Acts, commitments and conventions signed by Government of Pakistan for empowering women. This research has taken sample of about 117 working women from two public sector departments including health department and local government department in Karachi. The study revealed that most of working women were found in small grade jobs such as nurses, however few were doctors and surgeon. Similarly, majority of them are working in small grade jobs where they earned less as compared to women working at higher posts. It is also observed that women who are educated want to become independent economically, and want to increase their standard of living. It is concluded that they all have been working according to choice and even they do not have any hindrance while performing job, even families are supporting women to work in such departments. In addition, there are very few women who have little knowledge regarding “Protection against Harassment of Women at Workplace Act-2010”. Whereas the problems such as lower wage, harassment at work place, supremacy of men do not observed in such governmental departments. The study suggested that there must be provision of facilities to the lower staff or lower grade working women to ensure equality at all levels.

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48

Davis, Mary V., Glen P. Mays, James Bellamy, Christine A. Bevc, and Cammie Marti. "Improving Public Health Preparedness Capacity Measurement: Development of the Local Health Department Preparedness Capacities Assessment Survey." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 7, no. 6 (December 2013): 578–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2013.108.

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AbstractObjectiveTo address limitations in measuring the preparedness capacities of health departments, we developed and tested the Local Health Department Preparedness Capacities Assessment Survey (PCAS).MethodsPreexisting instruments and a modified 4-cycle Delphi panel process were used to select instrument items. Pilot test data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis. Kappa statistics were calculated to examine rater agreement within items. The final instrument was fielded with 85 North Carolina health departments and a national matched comparison group of 248 health departments.ResultsFactor analysis identified 8 initial domains: communications, surveillance and investigation, plans and protocols, workforce and volunteers, legal infrastructure, incident command, exercises and events, and corrective action. Kappa statistics and z scores indicated substantial to moderate agreement among respondents in 7 domains. Cronbach α coefficients ranged from 0.605 for legal infrastructure to 0.929 for corrective action. Mean scores and standard deviations were also calculated for each domain and ranged from 0.41 to 0.72, indicating sufficient variation in the sample to detect changes over time.ConclusionThe PCAS is a useful tool to determine how well health departments are performing on preparedness measures and identify opportunities for future preparedness improvements. Future survey implementation will incorporate recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Preparedness Capabilities: National Standards for State and Local Planning. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:578–584)

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49

Behringer, Bruce, Micky Roberts, and Chelsea J. Ridley. "Promoting Statewide Quality Improvement in Tobacco Use Prevention Through Longitudinal Health Promotion Training for Tennessee County Health Departments." Pedagogy in Health Promotion 5, no. 1 (April 23, 2018): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2373379918760636.

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Professional development in health promotion is fundamental to conduct effective multiyear community-based health promotion programs to address tobacco use. Provided with $15 million over 3 years in new resources from the United States’ Master Tobacco Settlement Agreement, the Tennessee Department of Health organized a longitudinal staff development effort for 95 county health departments using an experiential pedagogy. Through statewide WORKshops, standardized plans, electronic reporting, use of logic modeling, social and behavior theory, and public health terminology were introduced and emphasized. A summative county evaluation document, entitled the Community Health Improvement Plan Against Tobacco Use (CHIPATU), was part of the experiential approach. The report was completed by health department officials from these 95 counites. This report documented tobacco use problem statements, county investments of Tobacco Settlement funds, strategy and project descriptions, and local changes in statewide outcome measures in three focused areas: reducing pregnancy smoking, reducing secondhand smoke exposure for young children, and reducing youth tobacco use initiation. The CHIPATU became a capstone evaluation document that reinforced county-based responsibility for assessment, goal setting, intervention planning, implementation, application of continuous improvement tools, and results. A statewide summary of 3 years’ efforts and outcomes from the 95 county CHIPATUs was included in the state Health Commissioner’s annual budget presentation for the Governor and General Assembly. The results documented the efficacy of the Department’s primary prevention programs, supported by staff development in use of health promotion approaches, to address long-standing public health issues.

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Powell, Christy, Cliff Nunery, Stacia Hays, and Kim Curry. "Moving Childhood Immunizations Out of the Public Health Setting: Effects on Immunization Rates." Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice 21, no. 1 (December 2, 2019): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527154419892961.

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County health departments typically bear responsibility for implementing immunization programs. In 2011, the Florida state legislature made significant reductions in state health department funding, and responsibility for routine childhood immunizations in some counties was shifted to local federally qualified health centers. This study was conducted to assess the impact of these administrative changes on childhood immunization rates in one county. A secondary analysis of data in the state immunization registry was conducted to assess changes and patterns in childhood immunization rates within the local health department, federally qualified health centers, and private pediatric practices. These changes were compared in the 3-year period before, during, and after the change. Results revealed that there was no net negative change in the vaccination rates of 0- to 7-year-old children in the county. There was a shift in the proportion of vaccinations administered by each health care delivery setting. The majority of immunizations were administered in private pediatric practices. When state funding for the local public health department ceased, other delivery settings covered the immunizations previously provided in the public health sector.

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