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Academic literature on the topic 'Local Heath Departments'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Local Heath Departments"

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Lasalvia, Antonio, Bruno Gentile, Mirella Ruggeri, Alessandro Marcolin, Flavio Nosè, Lodovico Cappellari, Dario Lamonaca, et al. "Heterogeneity of the Departments of Mental Health in the Veneto Region ten years after the National Plan 1994-96 for Mental Health. Which implication for clinical practice? Findings from the PICOS Project." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 16, no. 1 (March 2007): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00004619.

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SUMMARYAims - This study aims to present data on structural and human resources of public mental health services located in the Veneto Region, Italy, and to discuss them in the light of implementation of the first National Target Plan for Mental Health (“Progetto Obiettivo 1994-1996”) ten years after its launch. Methods - The study was conducted in the context of the PICOS (Psychosis Incident Cohort Outcome Study) Project, a large first-presentation multisite study on patients with psychotic disorders attending community mental heath services in the Veneto Region. Human and structural resources were surveyed in 26 study sites using a structured interview administered by the PICOS local referents. Results - CMHCs and Day Centres were homogeneously distributed across the Region and their overall rates per resident population met the national standards; a wide variability in the distribution of Day Hospitals was found, with the overall rate per resident population very far from meeting the national standard; the overall rate for Residential Facilities beds was higher than the recommended national standard, showing however an high variability across sites. The overall rate of mental health professionals per resident population was only slightly below the national standard: this was mainly achieved thanks to non-profit organizations which supplement the public system with unspecialised professionals; however, a wide variability in the local rates per resident population was found, with the 50% of the sites showing rates far lower the national standard. Specific lack of trained professionals involved in the provision of psychosocial interventions was found in most sites. Conclusions - A marked variability in human and structural resources across community mental health services in the Veneto Region was found. Possible reasons for this heterogeneity were analysed and implications for mental health care provision were further discussed.Declaration of Interest: The study has been supported by the Regione del Veneto, Giunta Regionale, Ricerca Sanitaria Finalizzata 2004, Venezia, Italia (grant to Professor M. Ruggeri).
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Corrarino, Jane E., and Merry-K. Moos. "LOCAL HEALTH DEPARTMENTS." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 29, no. 6 (November 2004): 366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005721-200411000-00006.

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Novick, Lloyd F. "Local Health Departments." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 18, no. 2 (2012): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0b013e31824733e2.

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Reid, W. Michael, Doris M. Barnette, and Charles S. Mahan. "Local Health Departments." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 4, no. 5 (September 1998): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124784-199809000-00003.

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Mirza, Muzna, Lauren Wattenmaker, Odion Clunis, Wendy Vance, Shunte Moon, and Daniel Pollock. "Extending the Use of Healthcare-Associated Infections and Antibiotic Use and Resistance Surveillance Data." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.784.

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Background: The CDC National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) is the nation’s most widely used healthcare-associated infection (HAI) and antibiotic use and resistance (AUR) surveillance system. More than 22,000 healthcare facilities report data to the NHSN. The NHSN data are used by facilities, the CDC, health departments, the CMS, among other organizations and agencies. In 2017, the CDC updated the NHSN Agreement to Participate and Consent (Agreement), completed by facilities, broadening health department access to NHSN data and extending eligibility for data use agreements (DUAs) to local and territorial health departments. DUAs enable access to NHSN data reported by facilities in the health department’s jurisdiction and have been available to state health departments since 2011. The updated agreement also enables the CDC to provide NHSN data to health departments for targeted prevention projects outbreak investigations and responses. Methods: We reviewed the current NHSN DUA inventory to assess the extent to which health departments use the NHSN’s new data access provisions and used semistructured interviews with health department staff, conducted via emails, phone, and in person conversations, to identify and describe their NHSN data uses. Results: As of late 2019, the NHSN has DUAs with health departments in 17 states, 7 local health departments (including municipalities and counties), and 1 US territory. The NHSN also has received requests from 2 state health departments for data supporting HAI prevention projects. Health departments with DUAs described improved relationships with facilities in their jurisdictions because of new opportunities to offer NHSN data analysis assistance to facilities. One local health department analyzed their NHSN carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) data to identify (1) facilities in its jurisdiction with comparatively high CRE infection burden and (2) geographic areas to target for a CRE isolate submission program. Outreach to facilities with high CRE burden led to enrollment of 15 clinical laboratories into a voluntary isolate submission program to analyze CRE isolates for additional characterization. Examples of health departments’ use of data for action include: notifying facilities with high standardized infection ratios (SIRs) and sharing Targeted Assessment for Prevention (TAP) reports. Conclusions: The NHSN’s role as a shared surveillance resource has expanded in multiple public health jurisdictions as a result of new data access provisions. Health departments are using NHSN data in their programmatic responses to HAI and AR challenges. New access to NHSN data is enabling public health jurisdictions to assess problems and opportunities, provide guidance for prevention projects, and support program evaluations.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Pickett, George, and John H. Romani. "Accrediting Local Health Departments." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 4, no. 4 (July 1998): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124784-199807000-00016.

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Rutkow, Lainie, Holly A. Taylor, and Tia Powell. "Employer Requirements to Work during Emergency Responses: Key Ethics Considerations." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 45, S1 (2017): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110517703330.

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Local health departments and their employees are at the forefront of emergency preparedness and response. Yet, recent studies have found that some local public health workers are unwilling to report to work in a variety of disaster scenarios. This can greatly compromise a response, as many local health departments need “all hands on deck” to effectively meet increased demands. To address these concerns, local health departments have employed varied policy strategies to ensure that employees do report to work. After describing different approaches taken by local health departments throughout the United States, we briefly identify and explore key ethics considerations that arise for local health departments when employees are required to report to work for emergency responses. We then discuss how these ethics considerations may inform local health department practices intended to promote a robust emergency response.
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Zahner, Susan J., and Roxanne Vandermause. "Local Health Department Performance." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 9, no. 1 (January 2003): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124784-200301000-00004.

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Grossman, Elena, Michelle Hathaway, Kathleen F. Bush, Matthew Cahillane, Dorette Q. English, Tisha Holmes, Colleen E. Moran, Christopher K. Uejio, Emily A. York, and Samuel Dorevitch. "Minigrants to Local Health Departments." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 25, no. 2 (2019): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000000826.

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Key, Marcus M. "State and Local Health Departments." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 27, no. 5 (May 1985): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-198505000-00020.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Local Heath Departments"

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Carpenter, Tyler, Kate E. Beatty, Ross Brownson, and Paul Erwin. "Accreditation Seeking Decisions in Local Health Departments." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6848.

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background: Accreditation of local health departments (LHDs) has been identified as a crucial strategy for strengthening the public health infrastructure. This study seeks to identify the role of organizational and structural factors on accreditation-seeking decisions of LHDs. data sets and sources: Data were obtained from the NACCHO 2013 National Profile of Local Health Departments Study. . LHDs were coded as “urban”, “micropolitan”, or “rural” based on Rural/Urban Commuting Area codes. “Micropolitan” includes census tracts with towns of 10,000 - 49,999 population and census tracts tied to these towns through commuting. “Rural” includes census tracts with small towns of fewer than 10,000 population, tracts tied to small towns, and isolated census tracts. analysis: Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to predict PHAB accreditation decision. Predictors included variables related to rurality, governance, funding, and workforce. findings: From a sample of 448, approximately 6% of LHDs surveyed had submitted their letter of intent or full accreditation application. Over two-thirds were not seeking accreditation or deferring to the state agency. LHDs located in urban communities were 30.6 times (95% CI: 10.1, 93.2) more likely to seek accreditation compared to rural LHDs. LHDs with a local board of health were 3.5 times (95% CI: 1.6, 7.7) more likely to seek accreditation (controlling for rurality). Additionally, employing an epidemiologist (aOR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.9), having a strategic plan (aOR=14.7, 95% CI: 6.7, 32.2) were associated with higher likelihood of seeking PHAB accreditation. conclusions: Rural LHDs are less likely to seek accreditation. This lower likelihood of seeking accreditation likely relates to a myriad of challenges. Simultaneously, rural populations experience health disparities related to risky health behaviors, health outcomes, and access to medical care. Through accreditation, rural LHDs can become better equipped to meet the needs of their communities.
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Beatty, Kate, Tyler Carpenter, Ross Brownson, and Paul Erwin. "Accreditation Seeking Decisions in Local Health Departments." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6854.

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Background: Accreditation of local health departments (LHDs) has been identified as a crucial strategy for strengthening the public health infrastructure. Research Objective: To identify the role of organizational and structural factors on accreditation-seeking decisions of LHDs. Of particular interest is the effect of rurality on the likelihood of seeking accreditation through the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB). Data Sets and Sources: Data were obtained from the NACCHO 2013 National Profile of Local Health Departments Study (2013 Profile Study). The 2013 Profile Study includes a core questionnaire (core,) that was sent to all LHDs, and two modules, sent to a sample. Variables were selected from the core and module one for this project. LHDs were coded as “urban”, “micropolitan”, or “rural” based on Rural/Urban Commuting Area codes for the zip code of the LHD address. “Micropolitan” includes census tracts with towns of between 10,000 and 49,999 population and census tracts tied to these towns through commuting. “Rural” includes census tracts with small towns of fewer than 10,000 population, tracts tied to small towns, and isolated census tracts. Both “micropolitan” and “rural” categories are considered rural by the Federal Office of Rural Health Policy. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Analysis: Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to predict PHAB accreditation decision. The variable for PHAB accreditation decision was created from the 2013 Profile Study question, “Which of the following best describes your LHD with respect to participation in the PHAB’s accreditation program for LHDs?” LHDs that selected “My LHD has submitted an application for accreditation” or “My LHD has submitted a statement of Intent” were coded as “Seeking PHAB Accreditation.” LHDs that selected “My LHD has decided NOT to apply for accreditation” or “The state health agency is pursuing accreditation on behalf of my LHD” were coded as “Not Seeking PHAB Accreditation.” Predictors included variables related to rurality, governance, funding, and workforce. Findings: From a sample of 448, approximately 6% of LHDs surveyed had either submitted their letter of intent or full accreditation application. Over two-thirds were either not seeking accreditation or deferring to the state agency. LHDs located in urban communities were 30.6 times (95% CI: 10.1, 93.2) more likely to seek accreditation compared to rural LHDs. LHDs with a local board of health were 3.5 times (95% CI: 1.6, 7.7) more likely to seek accreditation (controlling for rurality). Additionally, employing an epidemiologist (aOR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.9), having a strategic plan (aOR=14.7, 95% CI: 6.7, 32.2), and higher per capita revenue (aOR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.02) were associated with higher likelihood of seeking PHAB accreditation. Conclusions: Specific geographic, governance, leadership, and workforce factors were associated with intention to seek accreditation. Implications: Rural LHDs are less likely to seek accreditation. This lower likelihood of seeking accreditation likely relates to a myriad of challenges (e.g., lower levels of staffing and funding). Simultaneously, rural populations experience health disparities related to risky health behaviors, health outcomes, and access to medical care. Through accreditation, rural LHDs can become better equipped to meet the needs of their communities.
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Robinson, Andrew. "The management of local authority environmental health departments." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261189.

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Harris, Jenine K., Kate E. Beatty, J. P. Leider, Alana Knudson, Britta L. Anderson, and Michael Meit. "The Double Disparity Facing Rural Local Health Departments." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6825.

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Residents of rural jurisdictions face significant health challenges, including some of the highest rates of risky health behaviors and worst health outcomes of any group in the country. Rural communities are served by smaller local health departments (LHDs) that are more understaffed and underfunded than their suburban and urban peers. As a result of history and current need, rural LHDs are more likely than their urban peers to be providers of direct health services, leading to relatively lower levels of population-focused activities. This review examines the double disparity faced by rural LHDs and their constituents: pervasively poorer health behaviors and outcomes and a historical lack of investment by local, state, and federal public health entities.
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Johnson, S., M. Belcher, M. Moody, and Megan Quinn. "Collaboration Between Local Health Department and College of Public Health." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6794.

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Beatty, Kate, Paul Campbell Erwin, Ross C. Brownson, Michael Meit, and James Fey. "Public Health Agency Accreditation among Rural Local Health Departments: Influencers and Barriers." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6822.

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Objective: Health department accreditation is a crucial strategy for strengthening public health infrastructure. The purpose of this study was to investigate local health department (LHD) characteristics that are associated with accreditation-seeking behavior. This study sought to ascertain the effects of rurality on the likelihood of seeking accreditation through the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB). Design: Cross-sectional study using secondary data from the 2013 National Association of County & City Health Officials (NACCHO) National Profile of Local Health Departments Study (Profile Study). Setting: United States. Participants: LHDs (n = 490) that responded to the 2013 NACCHO Profile Survey. Main Outcome Measures: LHDs decision to seek PHAB accreditation. Results: Significantly more accreditation-seeking LHDs were located in urban areas (87.0%) than in micropolition (8.9%) or rural areas (4.1%) (P < .001). LHDs residing in urban communities were 16.6 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.3-52.3) and micropolitan LHDs were 3.4 times (95% CI, 1.1-11.3) more likely to seek PHAB accreditation than rural LHDs (RLHDs). LHDs that had completed an agency-wide strategic plan were 8.5 times (95% CI, 4.0-17.9), LHDs with a local board of health were 3.3 times (95% CI, 1.5-7.0), and LHDs governed by their state health department were 12.9 times (95% CI, 3.3-50.0) more likely to seek accreditation. The most commonly cited barrier was time and effort required for accreditation application exceeded benefits (73.5%). Conclusion: The strongest predictor for seeking PHAB accreditation was serving an urban jurisdiction. Micropolitan LHDs were more likely to seek accreditation than smaller RLHDs, which are typically understaffed and underfunded. Major barriers identified by the RLHDs included fees being too high and the time and effort needed for accreditation exceeded their perceived benefits. RLHDs will need additional financial and technical support to achieve accreditation. Even with additional funds, clear messaging of the benefits of accreditation tailored to RLHDs will be needed.
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Hale, Nathan, Tamar Klaiman, Kate E. Beatty, and Michael B. Meit. "Local Health Departments as Clinical Safety Net in Rural Communities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6824.

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Introduction: The appropriate role of local health departments (LHDs) as a clinical service provider remains a salient issue. This study examines differences in clinical service provision among rural/urban LHDs for early periodic screening, diagnosis, and treatment (EPSDT) and prenatal care services. Methods: Data collected from the 2013 National Association of County and City Health Officials Profile of Local Health Departments Survey was used to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of rural/urban differences in clinical service provision by LHDs. Profile data were linked with the 2013 Area Health Resource File to derive other county-level measures. Data analysis was conducted in 2015. Results: Approximately 35% of LHDs in the analysis provided EPSDT services directly and 26% provided prenatal care. LHDs reporting no others providing these services in the community were four times more likely to report providing EPSDT services directly and six times more likely to provide prenatal care services directly. Rural LHDs were more likely to provide EPSDT (OR=1.46, 95% CI=1.07, 2.00) and prenatal care (OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.70, 3.47) services than urban LHDs. The presence of a Federally Qualified Health Center in the county was associated with reduced clinical service provision by LHDs for EPSDT and prenatal care. Conclusions: Findings suggest that many LHDs in rural communities remain a clinical service provider and a critical component of the healthcare safety net. The unique position of rural LHDs should be considered in national policy discussions around the organization and delivery of public health services, particularly as they relate to clinical services.
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Crescioni, Mabel. "CHARACTERISTICS OF LOCAL HEALTH DEPARTMENTS IN ARIZONA AND THEIR ASSOCIATION TO HEALTH OUTCOMES." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202764.

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Local Health Departments (LHD) that aim to address the public health needs of growing populations require qualified professionals with management competencies. In Arizona, the majority of public health services are delivered by the county health departments, which are charged with assisting community members and monitoring and improving community health. These activities are funded with federal, state and local money, which varies across counties. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the local public health system in Arizona, the distribution of public health services across counties and examines the association between health outcomes data and funding patterns for each county. National Association of City and County Health Officials (NACCHO) data from their 2008 survey was used to examine the activities performed at the local level. The majority of the activities in which the LHDs focus fall within the assurance function of public health. Interviews with all Arizona county health department directors (N=15) were conducted. Discussion focused on LHD activities, county and state political/policy climate and partnerships that contribute to LHDs activities. Responses varied significantly across the state due to differences in demographic and financial characteristics of the counties. Many political, socioeconomic and environmental barriers to provision of services were identified as well as the need for developing a stronger public health infrastructure.Finally, associations between several health outcomes and funding, workforce and demographic data of the 15 local health departments in Arizona were examined by conducting correlation analysis and linear regressions. This study found strong positive associations between LHD revenues, LHD expenditures, population size and number of LHD employees and HIV/AIDS incidence, low birth weight births and infant mortality rate. Positive associations were also found between revenues and number of women who received prenatal care and HIV/AIDS mortality rate as well as between number of LHD employees and diabetes mortality rate. This study represents a small step in better understanding the local public health system in Arizona, the distribution of public health services across counties and the political, financial and policy constraints faced by county health department directors.
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Johnson, Kendra, Kim K. Nguyen, Shimin Zheng, and Robin P. Pendley. "The Relationship between Quality Improvement and Health Information Technology Use in Local Health Departments." UKnowledge, 2013. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/frontiersinphssr/vol2/iss6/2.

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This research examined if there is a relationship between engagement in quality improvement (QI) and health information technology (HIT) for local health departments (LHDs) controlling for workforce, finance, population, and governance structure. This was a cross-sectional study that analyzed data obtained from the Core questions and Module 1 in the NACCHO 2010 Profile of LHDs. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Findings suggest that LHD engagement in QI has a relationship with utilization of HIT including electronic health records, practice management systems, and electronic syndromic surveillance systems. This study provides baseline information about the HIT use of LHDs. LHDs and their system partners (hospitals, federally qualified health centers, and primary care providers) that utilize HIT as part of their QI decision making may have an easier time of using data to support evidence-based decision making and implementing the provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 in order to achieve population health for all.
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Capps, Patricia A. "Assessing Lyme disease knowledge of Indiana local health department nurses." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1048370.

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Lyme disease is a multisystemic, infectious disease caused by the tick-borne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. The CDC designated LD as a reportable disease in 1990 and evidence suggests underreporting of the disease in Indiana. Local health department nurses have a major role in the areas of disease recognition, reporting, and education about LD. The present study assessed local health department nurses' knowledge of LD to determine their competence as LD educators.The study consisted of 428 nurses in 92 counties and three cities with independent health departments who were mailed a questionnaire containing 30 multiple-choice and/or true/false questions. Twenty-four nurses participated in a pilot study to establish the reliability of the instrument.The results were: (1) nurses did not differ in knowledge regardless of their duties, (2) urban and rural counties did not differ in knowledge, (3) experience did not make a difference in knowledge, and (4) less educated nurses were more knowledgeable. The nurses were least knowledgeable about LD reporting criteria, late stage symptoms, and and description of EM and most knowledgeable about prevention. The following are some of the recommendations suggested: more research with nurses on vector- borne diseases, better dissemination of information from CDC and ISDH, inservice programs for nursing personnel, and educational materials to distribute to the public.
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Books on the topic "Local Heath Departments"

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Gambrell, Alan E. Local health department directory. Washington, D.C. (1620 Eye St., N.W., Washington 20006): U.S. Conference of Local Health Officers, 1985.

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Ellick, Jennifer A. Survey of local health departments in Maryland. Annapolis, Maryland: Department of Legislative Services, Office of Policy Analysis, 2013.

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Blue, Kathryn P. Local health department problems and priorities: Conclusions from the fiscal year 1994 community diagnosis cycle. Raleigh, N.C: State Center for Health and Environmental Statistics, 1994.

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Blue, Kathryn P. Local health department problems and priorities: Conclusions from the fiscal year 1994 community diagnosis cycle. Raleigh, N.C: State Center for Health and Environmental Statistics, 1994.

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Armitage, Jeff. Cardiovascular disease mortality and risk factors by Nebraska's local public health department regions. Lincoln, NE: Nebraska Health and Human Services System, 2005.

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Ross, Rosalind Brooke. Joint working in inspection by health authorities and local authorities: A report for the Department of Health. (London): Centre for Inner City Studies, Goldsmith's College, University of London, 1992.

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Auditor, Colorado Office of State. Department of Local Affairs, Colorado Health Data Commission performance audit: Report of the State Auditor. [Denver, Colo.] (Legislative Services Building, 200 East 14th Ave., Denver 80203): State of Colorado, Office of State Auditor, 1992.

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Department of Health & Human Services Program Support Center (U.S.). Division of Cost Allocation. Review guide for state and local governments: State/local-wide central service cost allocation plans and indirect cost rates. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services Program Support Center, Division of Cost Allocation, 2000.

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Allocation, Department of Health &. Human Services Program Support Center (U S. ). Division of Cost. Review guide for state and local governments: State/local-wide central service cost allocation plans and indirect cost rates. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services Program Support Center, Division of Cost Allocation, 2000.

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Review guide for state and local governments: State/local-wide central service cost allocation plans and indirect cost rates. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services Program Support Center, Division of Cost Allocation, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Local Heath Departments"

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Valentine, Jo A., and Gail A. Bolan. "Naming the Patient: Partner Notification and Congenital Syphilis." In Public Health Ethics Analysis, 195–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92080-7_14.

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AbstractUrgent public health problems often compel Public health professionals into situations where individual rights and population health are seemingly in conflict. Legal actions that impact an individual’s behavior may be ethically justified, but the exercise of authority alone, despite being legal, may not always be the best option. Public health interventions are more effective when practitioners have gained an individual’s trust and compliance becomes voluntary. Cooperation, not confrontation, at the individual and at the community levels, is as necessary as authority. Applying an ethical framework in the case of partner notification (PN) for sexually transmitted disease intervention supports the process of relationship-building between the practitioner and the client and leads to more successful disease intervention and prevention, promoting public health, and improving trust between local health departments and the communities they serve.
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Sandul, Amy L., and Veda B. Moore. "Harm Reduction: Tipping the Balance Toward Treatment and Recovery." In Public Health Ethics Analysis, 141–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92080-7_10.

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AbstractOpioid use has risen dramatically over the past 40 years. In response, federal programs and policies aimed at decreasing supply of prescription opioids have stabilized excessive prescribing. Unintended consequences of limiting the quantity of prescription opioids in the population has resulted in increased use of illicit drugs and opened a pathway of transition from misuse of pills to injection of heroin and use of potent formulations of cheap, synthetic opioids such as fentanyl. Harm reduction interventions function at the community level to provide health benefits and avoidance of harm to persons engaging in illicit and injection drug use. The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 gives states, local, tribal, and territorial health departments the opportunity to use federal money to support a comprehensive set of harm reduction services. Critics of harm reduction strategies argue that formalizing and legalizing certain activities creates the perception that communities and local authorities are sanctioning or encouraging illicit/illegal drug use. Syringe services programs that provide clean needles and syringes so people who inject drugs are not forced to share or reuse injection equipment, are often at the heart of such controversy. This story addresses tensions that exist in communities grappling with harm reduction approaches to opioid and injection drug use.
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Grosso, Dolores, Mahmoud Aljurf, and Usama Gergis. "Building a Comprehensive Cancer Center: Overall Structure." In The Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82052-7_2.

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AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, accounting for approximately 9.6 million deaths [1]. The WHO recommends that each nation has a national cancer control program (NCCP) to reduce the incidence of cancer and deaths related to cancer, as well as to improve the quality of life of cancer patients [2]. Comprehensive cancer centers form the backbone of a NCCP and are charged with developing innovative approaches to cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment [3]. This is accomplished through basic and clinical research, the provision of patient care, the training of new clinicians and scientists, and community outreach and education. Most comprehensive cancer centers are affiliated with university medical centers, but their cancer care initiatives may involve partnering outside the institution with other comprehensive cancer centers, community leaders, or members of industry [3]. When affiliated with a university medical center, cancer center executives must work in concert with their counterparts at the hospital, patient practice, medical school, and allied health science leaders resulting in an overlapping, often complicated reporting structure. Comprehensive cancer centers and the departments in the center receive funding for their services from various sources, including national and local grants, institutional funds, private donations, and industry [4].
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Kass, Daniel, Thomas Matte, and Adam Karpati. "City Health Departments." In Urban Health, 377–85. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190915858.003.0041.

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In cities, opportunities exist to influence advances in healthcare, food systems, housing, transport, and the social, physical, and built environments to promote equity, well-being, and health. For cities to accommodate population increases and ameliorate existing conditions, they must seek greater local authority to act and regulate, decentralize power and revenue control from state and national governments, build stronger relationships among governmental sectors and civil society, and build technical and political capacity. This chapter addresses a critical mechanism by which public health as a sector must engage with these changes: local public health governance. It identifies challenges and constraints and offer recommendations for going forward.
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"Pandemic Planning for Local Health Departments." In Pandemic Planning, 130–41. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11779-12.

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Smock, Jennifer, Jack Herrmann, V. Fisher, and Bryan Damis. "Pandemic Planning for Local Health Departments." In Pandemic Planning, 95–106. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11779-6.

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"Mental Health and Drug Treatment Need vs. Capacity." In Community Risk and Protective Factors for Probation and Parole Risk Assessment Tools, 108–23. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1147-3.ch009.

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In 2018, the local District of Columbia auditor found that a section of the Department of Behavioral Health that performed psychiatric evaluations had significant staff turnover and long-standing position vacancies and that there had been a several-week period when approximately one-fourth of the Division's full-time positions were vacant. As a result, the Department's psychiatric evaluation waitlist grew, delaying many defendants' evaluations beyond the statutorily permissible timeframe. When the problem persisted, DC Superior Court judges threatened contempt citations. Moreover, the Department relied on a network of small to mid-sized nonprofit agencies to provide the vast majority of public behavioral health services. However, many of these nonprofits had experienced lengthy delays in reimbursement stemming from the Department of Behavioral Health's billing software, and some were forced to close. These circumstances suggested the CSOSA clients would have been unlikely to have received mental health treatment.
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Hewitt, Anne M., Stephen L. Wagner, Riad Twal, and David Gourley. "Aligning Community Hospitals With Local Public Health Departments." In Emergency and Disaster Management, 525–47. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6195-8.ch024.

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This chapter reviews the current organizational relationships between public health departments, local community hospitals, and medical centers as they relate to emergency preparedness and management. To examine their collaborative role, an analysis of legislative statutes, Joint Commission compliance mandates, professional accreditation standards, NIMS task force recommendations, and eligibility criteria for federal grants was completed. The information gleaned from this process was then synthesized to offer suggestions for developing positive collaboration outcomes. Reports from the three example stakeholder organizations suggest that positive changes in the level of community relationships have occurred. Continued maturation of emergency preparedness advisory boards, task forces, and coalitions also appear to have strengthened collaboration between the public and private agencies. To further encourage a systems model of collaboration, two strategies based on coalition capacity building are recommended. Leveraging gains made in community relationships over the past few years will continue to strengthen and improve emergency preparedness and management collaborations.
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Klaiman, Tamar, Katherine O’Connell, and Michael A. Stoto. "Local Health Department Vaccination Success during 2009 H1N1." In The Public Health Response to 2009 H1N1, 169–85. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190209247.003.0010.

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Vaughan, J. Patrick, Cesar Victora, and A. Mushtaque R Chowdhury. "Communicating Health Information." In Practical Epidemiology, 171–77. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780192848741.003.0013.

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Sharing and dissemination of health information needs careful planning to inform both the public and local health staff, local government departments, and the Ministry of Health, as well as other health-related sectors like agriculture, education, water, and environment, and non-governmental health organizations. Local radio and social media are very important for active communications between district teams, health workers, and the wider public. Policy briefs can be used to disseminated and circulate health news, reports and plans. The importance of making power-point presentations and presenting written reports and papers is emphasised.
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Conference papers on the topic "Local Heath Departments"

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Harris, Jenine K., Ross C. Brownson, Ryan A. Bell, Ryan C. Maier, Elisia Cohen, and Nancy Mueller. "Twitter Connections among Local Health Departments as Potential Pathways for Dissemination." In 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2014.204.

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Sadovnik, C. "159. A Local Health Department's Innovative Training and Education Program for Restaurant Workers." In AIHce 2006. AIHA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2758870.

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Vasan, A., H. Mitchell, D. Buckler, D. Wiebe, J. Fein, and E. South. "0018 Neighborhood gun violence is associated with increased mental health-related pediatric emergency department utilization." In Injury and Violence Prevention for a Changing World: From Local to Global: SAVIR 2021 Conference Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-savir.5.

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Golden, Matthew. "S05.1 Working with community to control HIV/STI: A U.S. local health department perspective." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.32.

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Betz, Fred, Chris Damm, David Archer, and Brian Goodwin. "Biodiesel Fueled Engine Generator With Heat Recovery." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54131.

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Carnegie Mellon University’s departments of Architecture and Mechanical Engineering have teamed with Milwaukee School of Engineering’s Mechanical Engineering department to design and install a biodiesel fueled engine-generator with heat recovery equipment to supply electric and thermal power to an office building on campus, the Intelligent Workplace (IW). The installation was completed in early September 2007, and is currently being commissioned. Full scale testing will begin in early 2008. The turbocharged diesel engine-generator set is operated in parallel with the local electric utility and the campus steam grid. The system is capable of generating 25 kW of electric power while providing 18 kW of thermal power in the form of steam from an exhaust gas boiler. The steam is delivered to a double-effect Li-Br absorption chiller, which supplies chilled water to the IW for space cooling in the summer or hot water for space heating in the winter. Furthermore, the steam can be delivered to the campus steam grid during the fall and spring when neither heating nor cooling is required in the IW. Additionally, thermal energy will be recovered from the coolant to provide hot water for space heating in the winter, and for regenerating a solid desiccant dehumidification ventilation system in summer. All relevant temperatures, pressures, and flows for these systems are monitored via a building automation system. Pressure versus time measurements can be recorded in each cylinder of the engine. Emissions of nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (NO2), Particulate Matter (PM), and carbon dioxide (CO2) are also monitored. Upon completion of this installation and the system performance testing, the operation of the engine generator with its heat recovery components will be integrated with the other HVAC components of the IW including a parabolic trough solar thermal driven LiBr absorption chiller, a solid desiccant dehumidification ventilation system, and multiple types of fan coils and radiant heating and cooling devices. This energy supply system is expected to reduce the IW’s primary energy consumption by half in addition to the 75% energy savings already realized as compared to the average US office space.
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Kusuma, Mutiara Tirta Prabandari Lintang. "Understanding the Contextual Idiosyncrasies of Stunting Prevention Program at District and Village Levels in Indonesia Using the Ecological Approach." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.34.

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ABSTRACT Background: Despite rapid economic growth, stunting affects one third of the child­ren under five population in Indonesia. The Government of Indonesia (GoI) realizing the problem, established the National Strategy to Accelerate Stunting Prevention as a national priority program for 2017 to 2021. The GoI plans to maximize the use of resources, policies, and programs that encompasses nutrition-specific and sensitive interventions directed to the first 100 days of life. This study aimed to explore the extent of program planning, budgeting, and implementation related to stunting prevention at district and village level as well as to understand the challenges presented to converge intervention. Subjects and Method: A case study with ecological approach was conducted in 10 villages from five districts in Indonesia. The study method included focus group discussions with 70 district officials and 100 village representatives, interviews with 12 key informants from district planning agency, document analysis, and reflective journaling. The data were reported descriptively. Results: Most head districts, officials from relevant departments and village leaders committed to stunting prevention following the vice president decree of stunting as a national priority. As a result, programs and budget were in place and local initiatives to prevent stunting were on the rise. Despite the commitment, many expressed ambivalences and disregarded the issue as a mere short stature (genetic variation). Thus, problems related to efficiency, coverage, and sustainability persists as maintaining motivation among staffs were difficult. In some settings, the situation was exacerbated by factors such as high financial dependency, misconception, and poor gender relation. Conclusion: The policy and programs to control stunting among children in Indonesia are in place. However, challenges occur due to the complexity in governance system as well as lack of political will. Better communication and cooperation are essential for well implemented policies. Keywords: stunting, ecological approach, case study, nutrition intervention, nutrition policy Correspondence: Mutiara Tirta Prabandari Lintang Kusuma. Department of Health Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Public Health, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. Jl. Farmako, Sekip Utara Yogyakarta 55281. Email: mutiara.tirta@gmail.com. Mobile: +62­8­139880­320 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.34
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Myakotkina, G., O. Petizina, and E. Yanchenko. "DEVELOPMENT OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS IN YOUNG PEOPLE LIVING IN A LOCAL ARMED CONFRONTATION ZONE." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-359-362.

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Abstract: One of the main diseases of occupational etiology in miners is pneumoconiosis. A retrospective analysis of 4,780 case histories of the occupational pathological department of the STATE ESTABLISHMENT «LUGANSK REPUBLICAN CLINICAL HOSPITAL» of the LUGANSK PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC with the first established diagnosis of an occupational disease was carried out. A sample of medical histories of patients with primary diagnosis of pneumoconiosis in young miners was carried out. The comparison was made with the years of «peaceful» life and the years of exposure to chronic stress caused by living in a zone of armed conflict. As a result, there was an increase in the number of reported cases of pneumoconiosis among young, most able-bodied miners living in an armed conflict zone. Changes in the lungs were characterized by the presence of nodular forms, greater prevalence and severity of fibrous process.
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Bataveljić, Dragan. "PRUŽANjE USLUGA OD STRANE ORGANIZACIJA ZA BORBU PROTIV SEKSUALNOG NASILjA I TRGOVINE LjUDIMA." In XVIII Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xviiimajsko.1019b.

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The author of this paper points to the increasing problem of sexual violence and human trafficking at the global level, as well as in Serbia and the republics ex- Yugoslavia. Unfortunately, this problem has not drawn much attention and the allocated funds, before all those from government budgets, have not been enough for training staff at specialized and other facilities to offer support and protective services to the victims of these criminal acts. Particular emphasis is placed on the state bodies, as well as local authorities and their institutions of social welfare, health insurance fund, national employment service and their branches in local communities. In this paper, the author also points to the need to further train staff who work in the field of education and coaching at all levels, starting from the pre-school institutions, up to the centers for long-life learning. The similar situation exists at the Ministry of Internal Affairs since it is expected from the representatives of this important government department and the police departments throughout Serbia, to offer the services of physical protection and hiding the identity of potential victims, their personal data and addresses. Currently there are no adequate technical and communication means, appropriate facilities and professionally trained staff to execute all these activities. Finally, it should be noted that the situation in the judicial sector is much better based on the survey they was conducted among the organizations which govern the activities aimed at the prevention of sexual violence and human trafficking.
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Wahyuni, Chatarina Umbul, Erni Astutik, and Imelda F. E. Manurung. "The Association of Family Characteristics and Local Support (Servant Leadership) in Tb Case Finding among People Living with Hiv Aids in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.41.

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Background: HIV still becomes major global public health problem in the world. People living with HIV AIDS can suffer opportunistic infection, for example Tuberculosis. The role of family and local support is important to prevent opportunistic infection. The study aimed to determine the association between family characteristics and local support (servant leadership) to find TB case in People Living with HIV AIDS. Subjects and Method: This was a case control study conducted in Kupang city, East Nusa Tenggara, in July 2020. A sample of 100 people consisted of 50 cases and 50 control was selected by purposive sampling. We measured family characteristics and local support (servant leadership (altruistic calling, emotional healing, wisdom, persuasive or motivation) and social modals (beliefs, norms, networks). Data was analyzed by using multivariate logistics regression. Results: The study subjects who did not work had 4.76 times odds of having a higher perception of local support for altruistic calling domain (AOR= 4.76; 95% CI= 1.09 to 20.91; p= 0.039). the study subjects who did not work (AOR= 4.64; 95% CI= 1.07 to 20.03; p= 0.040), worked as entrepreneurs (AOR= 4.69; 95% CI= 1.17 to 18.82; p= 0.029), had a junior high school education (AOR= 6.41; 95% CI= 1.33 to 30.94, p= 0.021), had a senior high school education (AOR= 3.47; 95% CI= 1.16 to 10.41; p= 0.0260) had higher local support for emotional healing domain. The unemployed study subjects had 5.04 times odds of having higher perceptions of local support for persuasive or motivation domain (AOR= 5.04; 95% CI= 1.07 to 23.64; p= 0.041). Conclusion: Family characteristics have significant relationship with perceptions of local support. The government needs to seek the role of family and local support in preventing opportunistic tuberculosis infection in people living with HIV AIDS. Keywords: family, local support, servant leadership, social modal, HIV AIDS, Tuberculosis, PLWHA Correspondence: Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni. Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga. Email: chatrin03@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6281803298525. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.41
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Kaliyeva, Aigul, Mei Yen Chan, and Assiya Turgambayeva. "3 A pilot study of nutrition management in the department of pediatric oncology in a local district hospital in Kazakhstan." In Oral Presentations and Abstracts from the 6th International Summit on Medical and Public Health Nutrition Education and Research, September 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2022-nnedprosummit.10.

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Reports on the topic "Local Heath Departments"

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Foster, Stephanie, Amy M. Lavery, Suzanne K. Condon, Alisha Etheredge, Kennedy Brian, Svendsen Erik, and Breysse Patrick. Guidelines for examining unusual patterns of cancer and environmental concerns. National Center for Environmental Health (U.S.), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:122695.

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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) provide scientific guidance to state, tribal, local, and territorial (STLT) health departments related to environmental health concerns. The guidelines presented here update the 2013 publication, “Investigating Suspected Cancer Clusters and Responding to Community Concerns: Guidelines from the CDC and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE)”.1 In general, STLT health departments play the primary role in examining unusual patterns of cancer in communities, including those associated with local environmental concerns. These guidelines expand the approach for these investigations. Occupation-related clusters are not included in these guidelines. Publication date from document properties. CS336302-A Guidelines-for-Examining-Unusual-Patterns-of-Cancer-and-Environmental-Concerns-h.pdf
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Hill, Warren E. Local Area Network End User Satisfaction Study at the Department of Veterans Affairs Veterans Health Administration's VA Puget Sound Health Care System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada372304.

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Miralao, Virginia. Family planning studies in the Philippines: A review and synthesis. Population Council, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1994.1004.

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This report, which summarizes the major study findings on population and family planning (FP) trends in the Philippines, was prepared for the Research Unit of the Family Planning Services (FPS) of the Department of Health (DOH). It was used by the FPS in its National Consultative Planning Workshop in early 1994 to formulate plans for the Philippine Family Planning Program for 1994–1995. Workshop participants included DOH Regional Family Planning Coordinators, representatives of local government offices engaged in population and health activities, and local NGOs and women's groups. The report alerted participants to population and FP issues and trends that could assist them in formulating their FP program targets and strategies in their own areas and localities. Study findings are organized into those relating to indicators of demand, and those bearing on the supply of FP services. Considering the large number of population and FP studies that have been made to date, this review limits itself to a presentation of related trends in fertility and FP awareness, approval, and use over time. The report provides a backdrop for the formulation and implementation of local action plans to advance the national FP program.
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Patron, Maria Carmela, and Marilou P. Costello. The DMPA service provider: Profile, problems and prospects, August 1995. Population Council, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1995.1024.

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This report presents the results of interviews conducted with 60 trained DMPA service providers from seven of the ten local government units (LGUs) covered by Phase I of the Philippine Department of Health's DMPA Reintroduction Program. DMPA, or Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate, is an injectable contraceptive commonly known as Depo-Provera. The interviews were undertaken as part of the DMPA Monitoring and Follow-up Studies sponsored by the Population Council under the Asia and Near East Operations Research and Technical Assistance (ANE OR/TA) Project. While the monitoring study and the follow-up survey focused on DMPA users and dropouts, this study centered on the service provider. The DMPA Reintroduction Program was launched by the DOH in April 1994 by the Philippine Bureau of Food and Drugs. The program aims to reintroduce DMPA into the Philippine Family Planning Program through training local-level doctors, nurses, and midwives as service providers, and providing free DMPA services in selected public health facilities.
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Lichand, Guilherme, Carlos Alberto Dória, Onicio Leal Neto, and João Cossi. The Impacts of Remote Learning in Secondary Education: Evidence from Brazil during the Pandemic. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003344.

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The goal of this paper is to document the pedagogic impacts of the remote learning strategy used by an state department of education in Brazil during the pandemic. We found that dropout risk increased by 365% under remote learning. While risk increased with local disease activity, most of it can be attributed directly to the absence of in-person classes: we estimate that dropout risk increased by no less than 247% across the State, even at the low end of the distribution of per capita Covid-19 cases. Average standardized test scores decreased by 0.32 standard deviation, as if students had only learned 27.5% of the in-person equivalent under remote learning. Learning losses did not systematically increase with local disease activity, attesting that they are in fact the outcome of remote learning, rather than a consequence of other health or economic impacts of Covid-19. Authorizing schools to partially reopen for in-person classes increased high-school students test scores by 20% relative to the control group.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6947062.ch.

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Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites and their associated state–and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level, based on ecological sites and state-and-transition models that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for the selection of management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.

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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.
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Taverna, Kristin. Vegetation classification and mapping of land additions at Richmond National Battlefield Park, Virginia: Addendum to technical report NPS/NER/NRTR 2008/128. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294278.

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In 2008 and 2015, the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage produced vegetation maps for Richmond National Battlefield Park, following the protocols of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) – National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Program. The original 2008 report was part of a regional project to map and classify the vegetation in seven national parks in Virginia. The 2015 report was an addendum to the original report and mapped the vegetation in newly acquired parcels. Since 2015, the park has acquired an additional 820 acres of land within 12 individual parcels, including the 650 acre North Anna unit. This report is an addendum to the 2008 and 2015 reports and documents the mapping of vegetation and other land-use classes for the 12 new land parcels at Richmond National Battlefield Park, with an updated vegetation map for the entire park. The updated map and associated data provide information on the sensitivity and ecological integrity of habitats and can help prioritize areas for protection. The vegetation map of the new land parcels includes eighteen map classes, representing 14 associations from the United States National Vegetation Classification, one nonstandard, park-specific class, and three Anderson Level II land-use categories. The vegetation classification and map classes are consistent with the original 2008 report. Vegetation-map classes for the new land parcels were identified through field reconnaissance, data collection, and aerial photo interpretation. Aerial photography from 2017 served as the base map for mapping the 12 new parcels, and field sampling was conducted in the summer of 2020. Three new map classes for the Park were encountered and described during the study, all within the North Anna park unit. These map classes are Coastal Plain / Outer Piedmont Basic Mesic Forest, Northern Coastal Plain / Piedmont Oak – Beech / Heath Forest, and Southern Piedmont / Inner Coastal Plain Floodplain Terrace Forest. The examples of Coastal Plain / Outer Piedmont Basic Mesic Forest and Southern Piedmont / Inner Coastal Plain Floodplain Terrace Forest at North Anna meet the criteria of size, condition, and landscape context to be considered a Natural Heritage exemplary natural community occurrence and should be targeted for protection and management as needed. New local and global descriptions for the three map classes are included as part of this report. Refinements were made to the vegetation field key to include the new map classes. The updated field key is part of this report. An updated table listing the number of polygons and total hectares for each of the 28 vegetation- map classes over the entire park is also included in the report. A GIS coverage containing a vegetation map for the entire park with updated Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) compliant metadata was completed for this project. The attribute table field names are the same as the 2008 and 2015 products, with the exception of an additional field indicating the year each polygon was last edited.
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Local health departments and the NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Program: working together. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub2014113.

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10

Best Practices for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Programs. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:122281.

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Abstract:
The Best Practices Guide for CVD Prevention describes and summarizes scientific evidence behind 8 effective strategies for lowering high blood pressure and cholesterol levels that can be implemented in health care systems and that involve community-clinical links. The guide is a resource for state and local health departments, decision makers, public health professionals, and other stakeholders interested in using proven strategies to improve cardiovascular health.
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