Relevant bibliographies by topics / Local government Indonesia Medan

Academic literature on the topic 'Local government Indonesia Medan'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Local government Indonesia Medan"

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Rambe, Roosemarina Anggraini. "Implication of Regional Split in Local Government Efficiency: Evidence From North Sumatra, Indonesia." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan 12, no. 2 (May 28, 2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um002v12i22020p159.

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The purposes of this study are to (1) measure the level of the relative efficiency of educational spending in achieving the years of schooling at local governments in North Sumatra Province, (2) Compare the relative efficiency level of per capita educational spending between the parent local government and the local governments resulting from the split. The analytical method used is Data Envelopment Analysis with an output-oriented model. The approach used is a variable return to scale. In measuring efficiency, the input used is educational spending per capita, while the output used is the years of schooling. The results showed that the average level of the relative efficiency of 33 local governments in North Sumatra decreased from 2015 to 2018. In 2015, there were three relatively efficient local governments: Medan, Pematang Siantar, and Labuhan Batu. However, in 2018, only Medan is relatively efficient. The efficiency level of Labuhan Batu declined in 2018. In fact, all parent local governments and local governments resulting from split experienced a decrease inefficiency. Thus, a regional split has not succeeded in increasing the relative efficiency of local governments in North Sumatra Province.
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Wiranegara, Hanny W. "PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF THE USE OF URBAN UNDERGROUND SPACE IN INDONESIA." International Journal on Livable Space 2, no. 2 (August 8, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/livas.v2i2.4459.

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<p><em>Recently, </em><em>the government is taking advantage of underground space for city’s infrastructure development needs. In fact, it is identified that</em><em> </em><em>the constraints are still remained in fulfilling the government mission. The aim of this paper is to reveal the problematic aspects in terms of the use of underground space by conducting</em><em> qualitative data in term of interviewing experts and official staff of five local governments’ i.e.: Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, Makassar, and Medan. It is concluded that the problematic aspects are: the resources, land ownership, legal aspect; underground spatial planning, as well as technical and technological aspects. </em></p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: </em><em>underground space, utilization, problematic aspects</em>
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Wiranegara, H. W. "PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF THE USE OF URBAN UNDERGROUND SPACE IN INDONESIA." International Journal on Livable Space 2, no. 2 (February 25, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/livas.v2i2.2263.

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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Recently, </span><span>the government is taking advantage of underground space for city’s infrastructure development needs. In fact, it is identified that </span><span>the constraints are still remained in fulfilling the government mission. The aim of this paper is to reveal the problematic aspects in terms of the use of underground space by conducting qualitative data in term of interviewing experts and official staff of five local governments’ i.e.: Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, Makassar, and Medan. It is concluded that the problematic aspects are: the resources, land ownership, legal aspect; underground spatial planning, as well as technical and technological aspects. </span></p><p><span>Keywords</span><span>: underground space, utilization, problematic aspects </span></p></div></div></div>
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Whitten, Anthony J., and Johanne Ranger. "Logging at Bohorok." Oryx 20, no. 4 (October 1986): 246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300020299.

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The felling of forest adjacent to the well-known Bohorok Orang-utan Rehabilitation Centre in North Sumatra, Indonesia, stimulated a series of local and national government responses, the course of which is instructive for those trying to grapple with conservation problems in Indonesia and elsewhere. The authors followed the story while working as Advisor to the Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies at the University of North Sumatra, Medan, and World Wildlife Fund volunteer at the Bohorok Centre, respectively.
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Pratama, Amri, Darwinsyah Minin, and Isnaini Isnaini. "Tinjauan Yuridis Peranan Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Mewujudkan Pemerintahan Yang Baik Dalam Bidang Perizinan Pariwisata." ARBITER: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Hukum 1, no. 1 (May 2, 2019): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/arbiter.v1i1.103.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the tourism sector that is continuously being developed by the government as a pillar of national development because it is able to sustain the national economy when the world is experiencing a crisis. In Law Number 10 Year 2009 it is stated that tourism development is needed to encourage equal opportunity to try and benefit and be able to face the challenges of changing local, national and global life. Medan City as one of the autonomous regions in Indonesia which when viewed in terms of spatial planning, then almost 70% is a densely populated residential area. The growth of the tourism sector in the city of Medan, does not originate from natural tourist attractions like other areas in general, but rather to city tourism, such as nightclubs, hotels, hangout places, cafes, restaurants and salon and spa places. The industry has become one of the reliable projects of the City of Medan to increase regional revenues of the City of Medan. The tourism license of the City of Medan has been regulated in law No. 19 of 2009 concerning Tourism, Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government. And Regional Regulation of Medan City No. 4 of 2014 concerning Tourism. The role of the local government in realizing good governance in the field of tourism is to provide infrastructure, expand various forms of facilities and regulate and promote the public both at home and abroad in matters relating to the tourism industry in the city of Medan
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Nazriah, Ainun. "Assessing Employee Performance of Civil Servants in Indonesia." International Journal of Management Research and Social Science 09, no. 01 (2022): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30726/ijmrss/v9.i1.2022.91005.

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Employees are the main wealth of a company because its participation is the key to the running of a company’s activities, so it is important for the company to be able to optimize its employees in accordance with its function to become a quality and superior asset whose real form can be seen through performance of the officer’s work. Work performance is the result of work achieved by employees in a certain time in accordance with their duties and responsibilities. The Unitary Agency of the Nation, and Politics of Medan city is a local government organization in serving the community. In achieving the goals of the organization, the Unitary Agency of the Nation, Politics of Medan city must pay more attention to its employees. Factors that can influence work performance in this study are work ethic, work experience and work culture. This research aims to find out whether work ethics, work experience, and work culture partially and simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on the work performance of employees of the National Unity Agency, and Politics of Medan city. The data analysis technique used is a quantitative method with the help of the SPSS program version 26.0. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis. The population in this study was all employees of the National Unity, and Politics Agency of Medan city, and a sample of 43 respondents. Primary data retrieval using a questioner. The results showed that work ethic, work experience, and work culture partially and simultaneously had a positive and significant effect on the work performance of employees of the National Unity Agency, and Politics of Medan city.
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Zainuddin, Denny. "ANALISIS PENANGANAN KONFLIK ANTAR ORGANISASI KEMASYARAKATAN DI SUMATERA UTARA (MEDAN) DAN JAWA TENGAH (SURAKARTA)." Jurnal HAM 7, no. 1 (August 25, 2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/ham.2016.7.10-20.

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AbstrakOrganisasi Kemasyarakatan hadir, tumbuh dan berkembang sejalan dengan sejarah perkembangan bangsa. Dalam sejarah perjuangan kemerdekaan negara Republik Indonesia, Ormas merupakan wadah utama dalam pergerakan kemerdekaan, pada satu sisi, Ormas merupakan sebuah bentuk kebebasan fundamental yang dimiliki oleh setiap individu baik dalam kerangka etika maupun legal, yang dilindungi dan dijamin pelaksanaannya oleh negara. Namun pada sisi lain, pelaksanaan kebebasan fundamental tersebut justru ditengarai memiliki dampak negatif, yakni menabrak batas-batas keajegan dan ketertiban sosial masyarakat Indonesia.Penelitian ini melihat kebijakan pemerintah daerah dalam mengatasi konflik antar organisasi massa. Adapun pokok masalah ini diurai dalam beberapa pertanyaan, yaitu bagaimanakah dinamika konflik antar Ormas yang terjadi dan apa saja faktor penyebabnya, Kebijakan apa saja yang telah keluarkan oleh Pemerintah Daerah dalam rangka pengananan konflik antar Ormas, Bagaimana pengaruh kebijakan Pemda terhadap pengananan konflik antar Ormas.Penelitian ini dianallisis dengan menggunakan teori mobilisasi sumber daya dan analisis circle of conflict, untuk mendapatkan jawaban bagaimana Konflik Ormas yang terjadi di Sumatera Utara dan Jawa tengah (Solo) dan bagaimana penanganan konflik oleh Pemerintah di kedua lokasi tersebut.Penelitian ini menilai bahwa Pemda masih secara parsial menangani potensi konflik antar Ormas. Kebijakan yang ada masih bersifat administratif ketimbang sepenuhnya memberdayakan Ormas dalam mencapai tujuan bersama.Kata kunci: Pemerintah, konflik, OrmasAbstractCivil society organizations present, grow and develop in line with the historical development of the nation. In the history of the struggle for freedom in Indonesia, CSOs are the main container in the independence movement, mass is a form of the fundamental freedoms of every individual in both the ethical and legal framework, which is protected and guaranteed execution by the state. the implementation of the fundamental freedoms it is considered to have a negative impact, namely crashing boundaries and social order of Indonesian society.The research looked at government policy in resolving the conflict between CSOs. As this subject is broken down into several questions, namely how the dynamics of the conflict between CSOs happened and what are the causes, any policy that has been issued by the local government in order from administration of conflict between CSOs, How to influence the Government's policies from administration of conflicts among CSOs.This study in anallisis by using the theory of resource mobilization and the circle of conflict analysis, to get the answer to how conflicts CSOs that happened in North Sumatra and Central Java (Solo) and how to deal with conflict by the Government at both locations.The study assessed that the existing policy is still an administrative nature rather than fully empowering organizations to achieve common goals.Keywords: government, conflict, CBOs
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Zainuddin, Denny. "ANALISIS PENANGANAN KONFLIK ANTAR ORGANISASI KEMASYARAKATAN DI SUMATERA UTARA (MEDAN) DAN JAWA TENGAH (SURAKARTA)." Jurnal HAM 7, no. 1 (August 25, 2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/ham.2016.7.67.

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AbstrakOrganisasi Kemasyarakatan hadir, tumbuh dan berkembang sejalan dengan sejarah perkembangan bangsa. Dalam sejarah perjuangan kemerdekaan negara Republik Indonesia, Ormas merupakan wadah utama dalam pergerakan kemerdekaan, pada satu sisi, Ormas merupakan sebuah bentuk kebebasan fundamental yang dimiliki oleh setiap individu baik dalam kerangka etika maupun legal, yang dilindungi dan dijamin pelaksanaannya oleh negara. Namun pada sisi lain, pelaksanaan kebebasan fundamental tersebut justru ditengarai memiliki dampak negatif, yakni menabrak batas-batas keajegan dan ketertiban sosial masyarakat Indonesia.Penelitian ini melihat kebijakan pemerintah daerah dalam mengatasi konflik antar organisasi massa. Adapun pokok masalah ini diurai dalam beberapa pertanyaan, yaitu bagaimanakah dinamika konflik antar Ormas yang terjadi dan apa saja faktor penyebabnya, Kebijakan apa saja yang telah keluarkan oleh Pemerintah Daerah dalam rangka pengananan konflik antar Ormas, Bagaimana pengaruh kebijakan Pemda terhadap pengananan konflik antar Ormas.Penelitian ini dianallisis dengan menggunakan teori mobilisasi sumber daya dan analisis circle of conflict, untuk mendapatkan jawaban bagaimana Konflik Ormas yang terjadi di Sumatera Utara dan Jawa tengah (Solo) dan bagaimana penanganan konflik oleh Pemerintah di kedua lokasi tersebut.Penelitian ini menilai bahwa Pemda masih secara parsial menangani potensi konflik antar Ormas. Kebijakan yang ada masih bersifat administratif ketimbang sepenuhnya memberdayakan Ormas dalam mencapai tujuan bersama.Kata kunci: Pemerintah, konflik, OrmasAbstractCivil society organizations present, grow and develop in line with the historical development of the nation. In the history of the struggle for freedom in Indonesia, CSOs are the main container in the independence movement, mass is a form of the fundamental freedoms of every individual in both the ethical and legal framework, which is protected and guaranteed execution by the state. the implementation of the fundamental freedoms it is considered to have a negative impact, namely crashing boundaries and social order of Indonesian society.The research looked at government policy in resolving the conflict between CSOs. As this subject is broken down into several questions, namely how the dynamics of the conflict between CSOs happened and what are the causes, any policy that has been issued by the local government in order from administration of conflict between CSOs, How to influence the Government's policies from administration of conflicts among CSOs.This study in anallisis by using the theory of resource mobilization and the circle of conflict analysis, to get the answer to how conflicts CSOs that happened in North Sumatra and Central Java (Solo) and how to deal with conflict by the Government at both locations.The study assessed that the existing policy is still an administrative nature rather than fully empowering organizations to achieve common goals.Keywords: government, conflict, CBOs
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Suhaidi, Suhaidi, Sutiarnoto Sutiarnoto, Syaiful Azam, and Rosmalinda Rosmalinda. "REGULATING COMPENSATION FOR THE PROTECTION OF TRADITIONAL FISHERMEN AFFECTED BY POLLUTION IN INDONESIA." IIUM Law Journal 29, (S2) (November 3, 2021): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumlj.v29i(s2).681.

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Indonesia is known as a maritime state which is associated with marine and fisheries activities. The existence of a harbor, such as the Port of Belawan in Medan City, often causes conflicts in the issue of marine fisheries, especially related to sea pollution. This article investigates the implementation of compensation when traditional fishermen are affected by environmental pollution, especially tankers, its opportunities and challenges in the Indonesian legal context. This study employed a normative and empirical approach, covering the study sites of North Sumatra and Riau Islands Province, which share the border with the Malacca Strait. To date, there are no rules regarding compensation for fishermen, however, there are some embryonic mode such as the existence of experienced human resources from the Environmental Agency of Riau Islands Province in the implementation of compensation for traditional fishermen affected by pollution of the marine environment. This study encourages the local government (i.e., the provincial government) to give more attention related to the compensation for traditional fishermen who are affected by pollution of the marine environment in the form of Regional Regulations or other policies.
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Wismayanti, Yanuar Farida, Husmiati Yusuf, Alit Kurniasari, Aulia Rahman, Mery Ganti, Widiarto Widiarto, Hari Harjanto Setiawan, et al. "Social Rehabilitation for Vagrants and Beggars Through Institutional Approach in Indonesia." Asian Social Work Journal 6, no. 6 (December 10, 2021): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/aswj.v6i6.192.

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The problem of vagrants and beggars is a fairly complex issue in big cities such as Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, Surabaya, Medan, and Makassar. These big cities' charms have attracted the poor with low education levels and limited access to education, health, and skill development. Many service programs for the vagrants and beggars have been carried out, yet the problems related to the vagrants and beggars have never subsided. Quantitative and qualitative approach are used to determine how the condition of social rehabilitation services carried out for vagrants and beggars by the government and the community, the extent of their level of social functioning, and the role of social workers in social rehabilitation services. A population sample is a group of homeless people and beggars who receive social services in government institutions and community organisation. The sampling used was the purposive sampling method with a sample of 487 respondents in the six provinces, namely DKI Jakarta, West Java, East Java, Central Java, North Sumatra, and South Sulawesi. This research found that in the process of social rehabilitation services for vagrants and beggars, there are still differences in the service standards between institutions; limitations in human resources, including social workers; limited budget support; limited cooperation, and coordination between local government organizations at the provincial, regency/municipal, and central government along with related stakeholders. It conclude that the national policy platform related to the handling of vagrants and beggars needs to be the focus to overcome the complexity of the problems faced by this marginal group.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Local government Indonesia Medan"

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Putriana, Vima Tista. "Performance measurement of local government in Indonesia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6808/.

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This study is about public sector performance measurement in the context of developing economies; more specifically, the study focuses on local government performance measurement systems as applied in Indonesia. Although there have been numerous research studies examining performance measurement, most empirical work has been undertaken in the context of developed economies. Performance measurement research in the milieu of developing economies is still very much underdeveloped and the progress is considerably much slower than those in developed economies. This study adopts an interpretive approach and applied case study research method in order, to develop an understanding of a) what drives the new performance measurement b) how it is designed and c) how it is used? The findings show that performance measurement in the context of developing economies tends to be driven by different reasons than compared to those developed economies. The findings also indicated developing economies encounter various challenges in designing and implementing performance measurement which eventually affected the use and usefulness of performance measurement. This study thus contributes to improve our understanding of the design, implementation and use of performance measurement in the context of developing economies. More specifically, it improves our understanding regarding (i) internal and external driving forces for performance measurement initiatives in the developing economies, (ii) the effectiveness of design, implementation and use, (iii) technical, organisational and institutional factors influencing design, implementation and use and the complex interactive effects of these three categories of factors, (iv) the interdependence between design, implementation and use, and (v) the complex conflicts of interest among different stakeholders in this context.
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Imbaruddin, Amir, and aimbaruddin@yahoo com. "Understanding Institutional Capacity of Local Government Agencies in Indonesia." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20070320.141727.

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This thesis is about the capacity of local government agencies in Makassar (Indonesia) to provide services to the public. Besides aiming to understand the institutional capacity of local government agencies, the research also examines the role internal and external factors play in determining the service delivery capacity of public organisations. Internal factors refer to the organisational structure, managerial practices and the management of human resources in public organisations. External factors refer to the degree of bureaucratic and political accountability as well as the level of competition experienced by government agencies. ¶ This research will enrich the existing development literature by strengthening our understanding of the ways in which internal and external factors strengthen or weaken the capacity of public sector institutions. ¶ Institutional capacity is measured by the quality of services provided by the local government agencies as assessed by their clients through both questionnaires and interviews, whereas the data regarding the role internal and external factors play in determining the institutional capacity of local government agencies were collected by in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with the management and staff in a number of agencies, with high-level bureaucrats, with non-government organisations and business associations, and members of the Makassar parliament. ¶ This study concludes that the institutional capacity of local government agencies in the case studies varies, although overall institutional capacity is relatively low or unsatisfactory. Of the four agencies in the case studies, only one agency was able to deliver quality services higher than the level expected by its clients. ¶ In general, this research reveals that the degree of accountability of the local government agencies in the case studies is relatively weak. The study infers that the degree of accountability does not have a significant impact on the agencies' performance. ¶ It was found that the competitive or monopolistic environment in which the local government agencies operate does affect the capacity of the agencies to serve their clients. This capacity is also affected by a number of aspects within the organisation and human resource dimensions of the agencies. ¶ This study shows that, in the case of Indonesia, attempts to improve the capacity of government agencies to deliver quality public services by improving the capacity of parliament to politically oversee the executive, as recommended by a number of international agencies and commentators, may not be the best and most effective alternative. Rather than focusing the resources to improve the degree of political accountability, the study suggests that a more effective strategy to develop the capacity of government agencies is to enhance the organisational structure, managerial practices and the management of human resources in the public organizations, and to introduce competition into the delivery of public services.
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Beuhler, Michael. "Changing patterns of local elite competition in Indonesia : democratisation or oligarchic restructuring?" Thesis, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491912.

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Bünte, Marco. "Regionale Autonomie in Indonesien : Wege zur erfolgreichen Dezentralisierung /." Hamburg : Inst. für Asienkunde, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/379551268.pdf.

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Kurnia, Akhmad Syakir. "Public sector efficiency of decentralized local government in Indonesia : a political and institutional analysis." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2579.

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This thesis investigates public sector efficiency (PSE) of decentralized local governments in Indonesia. Based on the literature review improved efficiency is considered as the main outcome expected from a decentralized system of public service provision. Hence analysing public sector efficiency provides the de facto measure of the ability of decentralized local government in internalizing the benefits of fiscal and political decentralization. In order to identify the significance of the effect of 2004 electoral contest, the first democratic election in the decentralized Indonesia, efficiency in the public sector is investigated in a period from 2005 to 2008. The 2004 electoral contest is considered as an important phase of democratization and decentralization in Indonesia as it was the first election where voters directly chose leaders at every level of government. Political and institutional features which emerged as a result of the 2004 election were expected to have an impact on a decentralized system of public service provision.This thesis employs a two-stage method. In the first stage, non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to generate the efficiency scores of all local governments. Several outcome indicators in the education and health sectors, infrastructure, poverty mitigation as well as macroeconomic performance are taken as a measure of the flow of services that arise from public spending. Hence, public sector efficiency is defined as the flow of services per unit expenditure.The second stage of the method aims to investigate public sector efficiency against non-discretionary variables involving a measure of fiscal decentralization, political and institutional variables, as well as total factor productivity growth as a control variable. In order to do so, this thesis employs an econometric analysis using fixed effect vector decomposition (FEVD). The FEVD is adopted as the political and institutional variables are characterised as time-invariant variables.In the first stage of the method, the DEA estimate reveals that public sector efficiency scores vary across local governments, corroborating the general pattern of the regional disparity in Indonesia. That is, poorly developed regions have relatively inefficient governments. The DEA calculation locates local governments on Java Island at the frontier indicating that these local governments are benchmarking others. On the other hand, Papua and Papua Barat emerge with the lowest efficiency score over the observation period with a large divergence from the frontier. The results also show that the average and the median efficiency scores are drifting downwards, while the distance from the lowest score to the frontier is increasing. This indicates that the regional disparity in the public sector efficiency was increasing over the observation period.The second stage of the method reveals that the ability of a decentralized local government to generate local own-revenue is significant in improving public sector efficiency. The estimation results show that the degree of fiscal decentralization as measured by the ratio of local own-revenue to total public spending has a significant positive impact on the PSE. However, given that the growth of total factor productivity also has a significant and positive impact on the PSE, the result should be seen as a caution that improved PSE might result from overall total productivity in the economy. A local jurisdiction that has higher total factor productivity will present greater public sector efficiency regardless the degree of fiscal decentralization.The second stage estimate also reveals that the formation of the new government as an outcome of the first electoral democracy in the decentralized Indonesia has nothing to do with the PSE improvement. The lost hegemony of Golkar in the decentralized democratized Indonesia, measured as the ratio of seats held by Golkar to total seats in the local assembly, does not show any significant impact on the PSE. The first electoral democracy might have resulted in a new democratic government in Indonesia; however, the new democratic government might be merely a continuation of an old structure with new rules on the limits of democratization. Accordingly, the new democratic government did not impact on improved efficiency in the public sector.Another significant feature of the formation of the new government in the decentralized democratized Indonesia is the rebirth of politik aliran (political parties rooted to a particular socio-ideology). Politik aliran is represented by Islamic based political parties. These parties held a significant number of seats in the legislative councils. The estimation results reveal a negative association between political Islam and PSE, even when PKB (Nation Awakening Party) and PAN (National Mandatory Party) are included in the measure. Both parties do not set Islam as their platform, but affiliate to NU (Nahdlatul Ulama) and Muhammdiyah, the two largest socio-religious organizations in Indonesia. The result may also stand as a confirmation that patron-client affiliation in Indonesia’s electoral democracy fails to leverage accountability and hence fails to result in improved PSE.The second stage estimate finds evidence that democratic participation did not have an impact on the PSE. This contradicts the general representation claiming that greater democratic participation is associated with better economic performance. The estimates reveal a negative impact of democratic participation on the PSE. In the setting of politik aliran, the coefficient estimate is statistically significant. It implies that while political Islam may have increased electoral participation, the participation has nothing to do with improved PSE. This may not be surprising in the case of electoral democracy in Indonesia where electoral participation is characterised by money politics, patron-client political relationship and unbalanced electoral participation.Many parties flourish in the decentralized democratized Indonesia escalating political fragmentation. Using a Herfindahl-Hirschman index as a measure of the size-political fragmentation this study finds evidence that while citizens may have more options to select parties/politicians to best represent their preferences, higher political fragmentation shows ambiguous impact on PSE.The quality of institutional governance and its impact on PSE is represented by a corruption perception index and an infrastructure perception index. The estimation results reveal evidence that public sector efficiency is positively associated with the infrastructure perception index, but fail to find evidence of an effect for the corruption perception index. This indicates that the outcome of decentralization is not contingent with a perception about corruption as it is prevalent in the decentralized Indonesia. It occurs almost in all levels of government and institutions. Thus if decentralization results in improved efficiency, it is not due to a corruption lessening but rather due to variations in the level of infrastructure.
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Cahyono, Budi. "Non-Compliance in Public Financial Management: A Case Study of a Local Government in Indonesia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/68412.

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Utilising content analysis of external audit reports published between 2009 and 2014, this study identified systemic problems resulting from non-compliance in public financial management (PFM) operations of local governments in Indonesia. Further, a single case study was conducted to investigate factors for non-compliance and how they influence the PFM actors to be involved in non-compliance practices. Findings of this study suggested that employees’ motives and dysfunctional bureaucratic structures have contributed to the emergence of non-compliance.
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Roudo, Mohammad. "The influence of minimum service standards (MSS) to performance of local government to deliver services in Indonesia decentralised system." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8276/.

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How performance management influences the motivation of public-sector institutions in a decentralised system has received little attention by scholars. This study helps fill this gap by investigating how Minimum Service Standards (MSS) in Indonesia influences the motivation of local government in a decentralised country like Indonesia. This study considers the nature of MSS, how it works, what effect it has on the performance of local governments and why. The evidence is collected from extensive interviews with eighty-three respondents from central government, local governments (eight districts and cities) and non-governmental sector. The findings show the varying effects on the motivation of local government to improve service delivery. MSS does not motivate local governments that are already performing well, but more importantly, it also does not motivate those that are performing badly. However, a small positive effect is found on the motivation of those whose performance lies just below the minimum standard. As it has limited influence, the MSS system does not achieve its formal objectives. However, it survives because it brings central government other benefits. MSS provides a framework for central-local dialogue about public services and strengthens the role central government plays in delivering services at the local level.
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Martin, Kirsty School of Sociology UNSW. "The state, local communities and women : a study of women???s organisations in Malang, East Java." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Sociology, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20637.

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This thesis is an ethnographic study of five women???s organisations in Malang, Indonesia. The contemporary significance of local women???s organisations in the lives of kampung women in Indonesia is revealed through an investigation of the relationship between the Indonesian state, local communities and women. This study sets contemporary women???s organisations in the context of their changing historical role and relationship with the state. Women???s organisations have been a part of the Indonesian political and social landscape since the early twentieth century. They played an important role in mobilising women during the struggle for independence. Under Sukarno???s policy of Guided Democracy, restrictions were placed on the political mobilising role of all organisations, including those for women. These restrictions were taken much further under Suharto???s New Order government when many were proscribed. Only state-approved and controlled organisations were accepted. The New Order era essentially undermined the credibility of women???s organisations as vehicles for promoting women???s interests, instead they were generally regarded as ???tools of the state???. Indonesianists and feminists have been especially critical of state-run women???s organisations arguing they have offered Indonesian women ???no path to female power???. This perception of state-sponsored women???s organisations has continued in the post-Suharto era even though their links to the state have changed radically. They now exist alongside a range of NGOs, religious and social women???s organisations. The crucial question that this thesis addresses is why these state-sponsored organisations continue to exist and what motivates women???s participation in these organisations? Through membership in local women???s organisations women enter into a complex relationship with the state, local society and the socio-religious and political institutions within the wider society. The membership status women enjoy provides them with opportunities to engage in a social bargain. Through this bargaining process, local women make social, religious, personal and romantic gains for themselves. The results of the social bargaining process depend largely on the particular organisation to which women belong but they remain strongly oriented towards their local kampung worlds. The thesis provides an alternative way of thinking about the complex role that women???s organisations play in Indonesian society and what function they may continue to have within Indonesia???s post-Suharto future.
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Clark, Samuel T. "Enforcing corruption laws : the political economy of subnational prosecutions in Indonesia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ddb1684e-217d-453e-9c1c-820552ad3089.

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This thesis focuses on subnational corruption law enforcement in a new democracy: Indonesia. It seeks to understand temporal and spatial variation in corruption prosecutions in the post-Suharto era, and answer three core research questions: Why has the number of corruption cases steadily increased over the past twenty years? Why is there significant subnational variation in the investigation and prosecution of corruption? And why are some cases of local corruption investigated and prosecuted while others are ignored? The argument developed in the thesis consists of three inter-linked components: that corruption generates complex collective action problems for law enforcement; that ostensibly public law enforcement regimes in Indonesia are informally privatised public law enforcement regimes; and that, in the context of these hybrid regimes, the availability of resources and the formation of coalitions is critical to understanding when individuals and groups mobilise corruption laws at the subnational level. The project uses a mixed methods research strategy—combining qualitative case studies, formal game theoretic modelling, and quantitative regression analysis—to develop and provide evidence for the argument. The research strategy required twelve months of fieldwork in Indonesia. In total over one hundred interviews in Jakarta and Central Java were conducted, and a unique dataset of local corruption cases was coded for two additional provinces. The thesis's argument and methodological approach has implications for literature that spans the field of law and politics: the political economy of prosecution, theories of legal mobilisation, socio-legal studies, and studies of politics and power in contemporary Indonesia.
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Rahman, Arief. "Toward a comprehensive conceptualization of the digital divide and its impact on e-government system success: evidence from local governments in Indonesia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1239.

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Purpose - This research aimed to investigate the digital divide and its impact on egovernment system success in Indonesia. Design/methodology - This study applies two-stage sequential mixed method research approach. Findings - The results supported direct influences of digital divide on e-government system success, the mediating effects of trust in e-government and the moderating effects of demographic variables. Research implications/contributions - It contributes to the developments of literature on digital divide and e-government, and to the implementation of egovernment.
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Books on the topic "Local government Indonesia Medan"

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Financing local government in Indonesia. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1989.

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M, Andy Ramses. Pemerintahan daerah di Indonesia. Edited by La Bakry 1966-, Jakarta (Indonesia), and Masyarakat Ilmu Pemerintahan Indonesia (Organization). [Jakarta]: Pemprov. DKI Jakarta, 2009.

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Pardede, Reslian. Inter-local government cooperation in Indonesia. Jakarta: Yayasan Inovasi Pemerintahan Daerah, 2013.

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Warren, Carol. The bureaucratisation of local government in Indonesia. Clayton, Vic., Australia: Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University, 1990.

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Press, Konstitusi. Demokrasi lokal: Evaluasi pemilukada di Indonesia. Jakarta: Konstitusi Press, 2012.

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editor, Hill Hal 1948, ed. Regional dynamics in a decentralized Indonesia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2014.

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Local politics in Indonesia: Pathways to power. Abingdon, Oxon [England]: Routledge, 2011.

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Workshop Nasional "Military Without Militarism: Rekonstruksi Hubungan Sipil-Militer Menuju Indonesia Baru" (2000 Medan, Indonesia, etc.). Military without militarism: Suara dari daerah : Medan, Semarang, Surabaya, Bandung, Jakarta. Edited by Machfudz Anas S and Pramodawardhani Jaleswari. Jakarta: PMB-LIPI, 2001.

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Rohdewohld, Rainer. Public administration in Indonesia. Melbourne: Montech Pty Ltd, 1995.

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Suradinata, Ermaya. Membangun daerah menuju Indonesia bangkit: Kepemimpinan daerah & nasional. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Local government Indonesia Medan"

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Setiawan, Ken M. P., and Dirk Tomsa. "Local Government." In Politics in Contemporary Indonesia, 52–68. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429459511-4.

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Hayat, Ezri, and Dilanthi Amaratunga. "The Role of Local Government in Post-Disaster Road Reconstruction: Assessment of Factors Affecting Local Government Road Maintenance Capacity." In Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia, 255–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54466-3_10.

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Hidayat, Herman. "Government Versus Local Indigenous People in Papua." In Forest Resources Management in Indonesia (1968-2004), 149–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-745-1_7.

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Anantasari, Esti, Michele Daly, Phil Glassey, Emily Grace, Maureen Coomer, and Richard Woods. "Disaster risk reduction (DRR) Capacity and Capability of Local Government in Indonesia." In Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia, 127–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54466-3_5.

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Antons, Christoph, Yunita T. Winarto, Adlinanur F. Prihandiani, and Sinta Uli. "Farmers as Researchers: Government Regulation of Farmers’ Local Knowledge in Indonesia." In Local Knowledge, Intellectual Property and Agricultural Innovation, 117–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4611-2_7.

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Supheni, I., A. N. Probohudono, and A. K. Widagdo. "Open government: Does local wisdom matter? (Case from East Java, Indonesia)." In Business Innovation and Development in Emerging Economies, 581–90. Leiden, The Netherlands : CRC Press/Balkema, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429433382-54.

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Siswantoro, Dodik. "Combating COVID-19 in Indonesia: Local Government Use of Smart City System Support." In Financial Technology (FinTech), Entrepreneurship, and Business Development, 205–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08087-6_15.

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Kamaludin, Nurul Kharismawati, Achmad Nurmandi, and Salahudin. "How Does the Local Government Provide Official Website and Twitter Quality? Case Study of Three Local Governments of Indonesia." In Proceedings of Sixth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology, 137–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1781-2_14.

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Oktaviani, Nita Tri, Achmad Nurmandi, and Salahudin. "Study of Official Government Website and Twitter Content Quality in Four Local Governments of Indonesia." In Proceedings of Sixth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology, 783–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2380-6_69.

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Rasyid, Syamsul Bahri Abd, Achmad Nurmandi, Suswanta, Dyah Mutiarin, and Salahudin. "Public Communication of Local Government Leaders: A Case Study of Three Major Governors in Indonesia." In Advances in Digital Science, 487–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71782-7_43.

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Conference papers on the topic "Local government Indonesia Medan"

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Sirait, N., and Rosmalinda Rosmalinda. "International Fund on Child Protection and Roles of Local Government." In Proceedings of The 1st Workshop Multimedia Education, Learning, Assessment and its Implementation in Game and Gamification, Medan Indonesia, 26th January 2019, WOMELA-GG. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.26-1-2019.2283263.

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Wiyono, Bagus, Andre Rahmanto, and Prahastiwi Utari. "City Branding As the Local Government Communication Strategy to Get Brand Positioning in Public: Case Study of the Establishment of Madiun Karismatik as City Branding of Madiun City." In Proceedings of 1st Workshop on Environmental Science, Society, and Technology, WESTECH 2018, December 8th, 2018, Medan, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.8-12-2018.2283845.

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Martini, Rita, Selviana Chalifah, Kuo Keo Pisey, Kartika Sari, Rulyanti Wardhani, Yuli Aryani, Zulkifli, and Choiruddin. "The Local Government Performance in Indonesia." In 2nd Forum in Research, Science, and Technology (FIRST) – International Conference. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009151700002500.

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Setyaningrum, Dyah, and Dwi Martani. "Determinants of Local Government Performance in Indonesia." In 6th International Accounting Conference (IAC 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iac-17.2018.2.

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Satria, Dy, Sri Mulyati, Muhammad Yusra, Nur Yunita, and Indrayani. "Local Government Budget at Province in Indonesia." In Malaysia Indonesia International Conference on Economics Management and Accounting. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010521000002900.

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"Local government debt and regional growth in Indonesia." In 21st International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2015). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2015.e2.akbar.

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Nurhayati, Neni, Dadang Suhendar, Arief Nurhandika, Tika Rostika, and Dendi Purnama. "Affecting Financial Performance: Factors In Local Government, Indonesia." In Proceedings of the 2nd Universitas Kuningan International Conference on System, Engineering, and Technology, UNISET 2021, 2 December 2021, Kuningan, West Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.2-12-2021.2320360.

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Iqbal, Muhammad, Julia Ivanna, Prayetno Prayetno, and Yessi Sinaga. "E-Government Based Public Services in Medan Barat Subdistrict." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies (formerly ICCSSIS), ICCSIS 2019, 24-25 October 2019, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.24-10-2019.2290628.

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Nasution, Anggi, Iskandar Muda, Rizal Iskandar, and Erwin Abubakar. "Identification of Success Strategies for E-Government Services in Medan City." In Proceedings of the 2nd EAI Bukittinggi International Conference on Education, BICED 2020, 14 September, 2020, Bukititinggi, West Sumatera, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.14-9-2020.2305668.

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Robinson. "Social Construction of Risk Management in Local Government Budgeting." In Malaysia Indonesia International Conference on Economics Management and Accounting. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009585800002900.

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Reports on the topic "Local government Indonesia Medan"

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Barjum, Daniel. PDIA for Systems Change: Tackling the Learning Crisis in Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/046.

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Indonesia is facing a learning crisis. While schooling has increased dramatically in the last 30 years, the quality of education has remained mediocre (Rosser et al., 2022). Teacher capability is an often cited weakness of the system, along with policies and system governance. Approaches focused primarily on adding resources to education have not yielded expected outcomes of increased quality. “It is a tragedy that in the second decade of the twenty-first century, some children in Indonesia are not completing primary school and are turned out into the workforce as functional illiterates.” (Suryadarma and Jones, 2013; Nihayah et al., 2020). In the early 2000s, Indonesia began a process of decentralising service delivery, including education, to the district level. Many responsibilities were transferred from the central government to districts, but some key authorities, such as hiring of civil service teachers, remained with the central government. The Indonesian system is complex and challenging to manage, with more than 300 ethnic groups and networks of authority spread over more than 500 administrative districts (Suryadarma and Jones, 2013). Niken Rarasati and Daniel Suryadarma researchers at SMERU, an Indonesian think tank and NGO, understood this context well. Their prior experience working in the education sector had shown them that improving the quality of education within the classroom required addressing issues at the systems level (Kleden, 2020). Rarasati noted the difference in knowledge between in-classroom teaching and the systems of education: “There are known-technologies, pedagogical theories, practices, etc. for teaching in the classroom. The context [for systems of education] is different for teacher development, recruitment, and student enrollment. Here, there is less known in the public and education sector.” Looking for ways to bring changes to policy implementation and develop capabilities at the district level, SMERU researchers began to apply a new approach they had learned in a free online course offered by the Building State Capability programme at the Center for International Development at Harvard University titled, “The Practice of PDIA: Building Capability by Delivering Results”. The course offered insights on how to implement public policy in complex settings, focused on using Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA). The researchers were interested in putting PDIA into practice and seeing if it could be an effective approach for their colleagues in government. This case study reviews Rarasati and Suryadarma’s journey and showcases how they used PDIA to foster relationships between local government and stakeholders, and bring positive changes to the education sector.
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Bano, Masooda, and Daniel Dyonisius. Community-Responsive Education Policies and the Question of Optimality: Decentralisation and District-Level Variation in Policy Adoption and Implementation in Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/108.

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Decentralisation, or devolving authority to the third tier of government to prioritise specific policy reforms and manage their implementation, is argued to lead to pro-poor development for a number of reasons: local bureaucrats can better gauge the local needs, be responsive to community demands, and, due to physical proximity, can be more easily held accountable by community members. In the education sector, devolving authority to district government has thus been seen as critical to introducing reforms aimed at increasing access and improving learning outcomes. Based on fieldwork with district-level education bureaucracies, schools, and communities in two districts in the state of West Java in Indonesia, this article shows that decentralisation has indeed led to community-responsive policy-development in Indonesia. The district-level education bureaucracies in both districts did appear to prioritise community preferences when choosing to prioritise specific educational reforms from among many introduced by the national government. However, the optimality of these preferences could be questioned. The prioritised policies are reflective of cultural and religious values or immediate employment considerations of the communities in the two districts, rather than being explicitly focused on improving learning outcomes: the urban district prioritised degree completion, while the rural district prioritised moral education. These preferences might appear sub-optimal if the preference is for education bureaucracies to focus directly on improving literacy and numeracy outcomes. Yet, taking into account the socio-economic context of each district, it becomes easy to see the logic dictating these preferences: the communities and the district government officials are consciously prioritising those education policies for which they foresee direct payoffs. Since improving learning outcomes requires long-term commitment, it appears rational to focus on policies promising more immediate gains, especially when they aim, indirectly and implicitly, to improve actual learning outcomes. Thus, more effective community mobilisation campaigns can be developed if the donor agencies funding them recognise that it is not necessarily the lack of information but the nature of the local incentive structures that shapes communities’ expectations of education. Overall, decentralisation is leading to more context-specific educational policy prioritisation in Indonesia, resulting in the possibility of significant district-level variation in outcomes. Further, looking at the school-level variation in each district, the paper shows that public schools ranked as high performing had students from more privileged socio-economic backgrounds and were catering for communities that had more financial resources to support activities in the school, compared with schools ranked as low performing. Thus, there is a gap to bridge within public schools and not just between public and private schools.
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Sumpter, Cameron, and Yuslikha K. Wardhani. Hopes and Hurdles for Indonesia’s National Action Plan to Prevent Violent Extremism. RESOLVE Network, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2022.2.sea.

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This policy note outlines the key details of Indonesia’s National Action Plan for P/CVE before discussing the evident challenges and opportunities moving forward. The ambitious strategy (known by its Indonesian acronym, RAN PE) could decentralize P/CVE programming in Indonesia, facilitate the formalization of working relationships between civil society organizations and local government authorities, mainstream gender perspectives, and streamline activities to improve targeting and avoid overlap. But constructive outcomes will depend on overcoming thorny obstacles, such as coordinating the varied interests, motivations, and capacities of the many stakeholders involved, and allaying concerns over applicable definitions that some perceive as overly broad and possibly divisive.
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Bolton, Laura. Transition to Federal Health and Education Governance. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.096.

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This report looks at transition from central to federal responsibilities for health and education in Nepal and Indonesia. Federalism is a complex process and it was outside of the scope of this review to investigate the extent to which it has been developed in these countries and the nature of its functioning. Challenges identified in the literature on transition to federalism and decentralisation include ensuring equitable distribution of finances and resources across states, slow transfer of power and lack of coordination between government levels, lack of capacity at local levels and incoherence in capacity building, ensuring continuity of medical supplies and continuity of health services during transition, and training local level health personnel in procurement. This report also notes some recommendation from experience on transition to decentralisation, including the need to put a clear legislative framework, to make a slowly phased transition is needed to allow for changes and adjustments, to consider conditional grants to ensure that health is not de-prioritised in a federal system.
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Tull, Kerina. Social Inclusion and Immunisation. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.025.

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The current COVID-19 epidemic is both a health and societal issue; therefore, groups historically excluded and marginalised in terms of healthcare will suffer if COVID-19 vaccines, tests, and treatments are to be delivered equitably. This rapid review is exploring the social and cultural challenges related to the roll-out, distribution, and access of COVID-19 vaccines, tests, and treatments. It highlights how these challenges impact certain marginalised groups. Case studies are taken from sub-Saharan Africa (the Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa), with some focus on South East Asia (Indonesia, India) as they have different at-risk groups. Lessons on this issue can be learned from previous pandemics and vaccine roll-out in low- and mid-income countries (LMICs). Key points to highlight include successful COVID-19 vaccine roll-out will only be achieved by ensuring effective community engagement, building local vaccine acceptability and confidence, and overcoming cultural, socio-economic, and political barriers that lead to mistrust and hinder uptake of vaccines. However, the literature notes that a lot of lessons learned about roll-out involve communication - including that the government should under-promise what it can do and then over-deliver. Any campaign must aim to create trust, and involve local communities in planning processes.
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Arif, Sirojuddin, Risa Wardatun Nihayah, Niken Rarasati, Shintia Revina, and Syaikhu Usman. Of Power and Learning: DistrictHeads, Bureaucracy, and EducationPolicies in Indonesia’s Decentralised Political System. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/111.

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This paper examines the politics of education policies in a decentralised political system. Under what conditions does decentralisation promote learning-enhancing policies? Despite the numerous works that have been written on decentralisation and education, little is known about how politics influenced local education policies. To address this problem, this paper looks at the linkages between local politics, bureaucratic capacity, and the development of learning-enhancing policies in Indonesia’s decentralised political system. More specifically, it assesses how regional variation in the discretionary power of district heads over employment decisions in the state bureaucracy explains the variation in local education policies in four districts in Indonesia. The primary data were collected through in-depth interviews with political leaders, bureaucrats, district education councils, school principals, teachers, teacher organisations, parents, non-government and community-based organisations, journalists, academicians, and other relevant informants. Using Mill’s method of difference, the comparative analysis presented in this paper demonstrates that institutional constraints on the discretionary power of the district head over employment decisions in the state bureaucracy do matter for the development of learning-enhancing policies. Such constraints can pave the way for the development of the bureaucratic capacity required for governments to pursue learning-enhancing policies. Absent constraints on the discretionary power of district heads over employment decisions in the state bureaucracy, the extent to which districts implement learning-enhancing policies will depend on district heads’ commitment to student learning.
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Rarasati, Niken, and Rezanti Putri Pramana. Giving Schools and Teachers Autonomy in Teacher Professional Development Under a Medium-Capability Education System. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2023/050.

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A mature teacher who continuously seeks improvement should be recognised as a professional who has autonomy in conducting their job and has the autonomy to engage in a professional community of practice (Hyslop-Margison and Sears, 2010). In other words, teachers’ engagement in professional development activities should be driven by their own determination rather than extrinsic sources of motivation. In this context, teachers’ self-determination can be defined as a feeling of connectedness with their own aspirations or personal values, confidence in their ability to master new skills, and a sense of autonomy in planning their own professional development path (Stupnisky et al., 2018; Eyal and Roth, 2011; Ryan and Deci, 2000). Previous studies have shown the advantages of providing teachers with autonomy to determine personal and professional improvement. Bergmark (2020) found that giving teachers the opportunity to identify areas of improvement based on teaching experience expanded the ways they think and understand themselves as teachers and how they can improve their teaching. Teachers who plan their own improvement showed a higher level of curiosity in learning and trying out new things. Bergmark (2020) also shows that a continuous cycle of reflection and teaching improvement allows teachers to recognise that the perfect lesson does not exist. Hence, continuous reflection and improvement are needed to shape the lesson to meet various classroom contexts. Moreover, Cheon et al. (2018) found that increased teacher autonomy led to greater teaching efficacy and a greater tendency to adopt intrinsic (relative to extrinsic) instructional goals. In developed countries, teacher autonomy is present and has become part of teachers’ professional life and schools’ development plans. In Finland, for example, the government is responsible for providing resources and services that schools request, while school development and teachers’ professional learning are integrated into a day-to-day “experiment” performed collaboratively by teachers and principals (Niemi, 2015). This kind of experience gives teachers a sense of mastery and boosts their determination to continuously learn (Ryan and Deci, 2000). In low-performing countries, distributing autonomy of education quality improvement to schools and teachers negatively correlates with the countries’ education outcomes (Hanushek et al., 2011). This study also suggests that education outcome accountability and teacher capacity are necessary to ensure the provision of autonomy to improve education quality. However, to have teachers who can meet dynamic educational challenges through continuous learning, de Klerk & Barnett (2020) suggest that developing countries include programmes that could nurture teachers’ agency to learn in addition to the regular content and pedagogical-focused teacher training materials. Giving autonomy to teachers can be challenging in an environment where accountability or performance is measured by narrow considerations (teacher exam score, administrative completion, etc.). As is the case in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, teachers tend to attend training to meet performance evaluation administrative criteria rather than to address specific professional development needs (Dymoke and Harrison, 2006). Generally, the focus of the training relies on what the government believes will benefit their teaching workforce. Teacher professional development (TPD) is merely an assignment for Jakarta teachers. Most teachers attend the training only to obtain attendance certificates that can be credited towards their additional performance allowance. Consequently, those teachers will only reproduce teaching practices that they have experienced or observed from their seniors. As in other similar professional development systems, improvement in teaching quality at schools is less likely to happen (Hargreaves, 2000). Most of the trainings were led by external experts or academics who did not interact with teachers on a day-to-day basis. This approach to professional development represents a top-down mechanism where teacher training was designed independently from teaching context and therefore appears to be overly abstract, unpractical, and not useful for teachers (Timperley, 2011). Moreover, the lack of relevancy between teacher training and teaching practice leads to teachers’ low ownership of the professional development process (Bergmark, 2020). More broadly, in the Jakarta education system, especially the public school system, autonomy was never given to schools and teachers prior to establishing the new TPD system in 2021. The system employed a top-down relationship between the local education agency, teacher training centres, principals, and teachers. Professional development plans were usually motivated by a low teacher competency score or budgeted teacher professional development programme. Guided by the scores, the training centres organised training that could address knowledge areas that most of Jakarta's teachers lack. In many cases, to fulfil the quota as planned in the budget, the local education agency and the training centres would instruct principals to assign two teachers to certain training without knowing their needs. Realizing that the system was not functioning, Jakarta’s local education agency decided to create a reform that gives more autonomy toward schools and teachers in determining teacher professional development plan. The new system has been piloted since November 2021. To maintain the balance between administrative evaluation and addressing professional development needs, the new initiative highlights the key role played by head teachers or principals. This is based on assumption that principals who have the opportunity to observe teaching practice closely could help teachers reflect and develop their professionalism. (Dymoke and Harrison, 2006). As explained by the professional development case in Finland, leadership and collegial collaboration are also critical to shaping a school culture that could support the development of professional autonomy. The collective energies among teachers and the principal will also direct the teacher toward improving teaching, learning, and caring for students and parents (Hyslop-Margison and Sears, 2010; Hargreaves, 2000). Thus, the new TPD system in Jakarta adopts the feature of collegial collaboration. This is considered as imperative in Jakarta where teachers used to be controlled and join a professional development activity due to external forces. Learning autonomy did not exist within themselves. Hence, teachers need a leader who can turn the "professional development regulation" into a culture at schools. The process will shape teachers to do professional development quite autonomously (Deci et al., 2001). In this case, a controlling leadership style will hinder teachers’ autonomous motivation. Instead, principals should articulate a clear vision, consider teachers' individual needs and aspirations, inspire, and support professional development activities (Eyal and Roth, 2011). This can also be called creating a professional culture at schools (Fullan, 1996). In this Note, we aim to understand how the schools and teachers respond to the new teacher professional development system. We compare experience and motivation of different characteristics of teachers.
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Modernizing Local Government Taxation in Indonesia. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tcs220138-2.

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Modernizing Local Government Taxation in Indonesia. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tcs220138-2.

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