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1
Parszewski, Kazimierz. "CONTEMPORARY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN POLAND AND THE EUROPEAN UNION." sj-economics scientific journal 8 (June 30, 2011): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.58246/sjeconomics.v8i.488.
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This work presents modern local governments in Poland and selected European countries. This paper shows the local power structure, organizations and their competences as well as tasks and Government control. There are also indicated values of local democracy of the European Charter of local self government and legal problems of territorial self – government in Italy, France, Germany, Spain, Austria and Belgium.
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Mathenjwa, Mbuzeni. "THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN STRENGTHENING DEMOCRACY." Journal of Law, Society and Development 3, no. 1 (September 12, 2016): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-9515/1091.
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The place and role of local government within the structure of government in Africa has attracted much public interest. Prior to and after independence, African countries used local government as the administrative units of central governments without their having any legal status, to the extent that local authorities were under the strict control of central governments. The autonomy of local government is pivotal in the democratisation of a country. The United Nations, European Union and African Union have adopted treaties to promote the recognition and protection of local government in the state parties’ constitutions. Accordingly, this article explains the status of local government in Africa and its impact on strengthening democracy in African states.
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Halásková, Martina, and Renata Halásková. "Evaluation Structure of Local Public Expenditures in the European Union Countries." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 3 (2018): 755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866030755.
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The public sector plays a significant role in securing public needs in a number of countries. The paper aims to evaluate the local public sector by the structure of local public expenditures, emphasizing similarities and differences in EU countries. Attention is paid to the evaluation of local public expenditures by eight functions (general public services, public order and safety, economic affairs, housing and community amenities, recreation and culture, social protection, health, education) in years 2005 and 2015. Local public expenditures by function in the EU are evaluated in connection to lower government levels and fiscal decentralization of expenditures. The evaluation shows that no countries demonstrate similarity of local public expenditures by function, which is associated also with an identical size of fiscal decentralization of expenditures and the number of lower government levels. By contrast, both similarities and differences were proved with respect to the evaluated local public expenditures by the application of multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis. The results have shown that Scandinavian countries represent the most marked differences in the structure of local public expenditures, in comparison to Malta and Cyprus in terms of local public expenditures on social protection, health and education.
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Franek, Sławomir. "Konsekwencje kryzysu COVID-19 dla finansów jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w krajach UE." Optimum. Economic Studies, no. 3(109) (2022): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/oes.2022.03.109.05.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the consequences of the pandemic crisis for the financial situation of the local government subsector in individual European Union countries. Research method – The research is based on comparative analysis of the dynamics and structure of such budget figures as budget revenue (including transfers), expenditure (including COFOG classification), budget balance and debt. The comparisons covered the local government subsector in the 27 countries of the European Union for the years 2019–2021. The source of data for analysis is the Eurostat database. Results – The research indicates that local government finances in the EU countries did not suffer significantly because of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which, however, was essentially due to the fact that the main source of funding for additional tasks and covering tax revenue shortfalls were transfers from the government subsector. At the same time, there was a change in the structure of local government spending in most EU countries by increasing the share of spending on health care, social protection and economic affairs and decreasing the share of spending on recreation, culture and religion, housing and community amenities and education. Originality/value/implications/recommendations – The originality of the presented approach is due to the comprehensive presentation of the consequences of the pandemic crisis for local government budget parameters for 2020–2021 in all the European Union countries.
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Штефаніта, Анастасія Володимир. "TRANSITIONAL MECHANISMS OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION." Public management 29, no. 1 (May 24, 2022): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32689/2617-2224-2022-1(29)-20.
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The article aims to analyse the local autonomy in three groups of Member States of the European Union in transitional perspective. The examples of the Member States with experience and administrative tradition could inspire for concrete measures in strengthening local autonomy. At the same time, the states from the ex-socialist space represent a model in overcoming communist regimes and building the local layer and free organisation of the local public administration. In the same context, the particular development path of the Baltic countries become relevant. The experience of different categories of European countries highlights concrete lessons learned or valuable experience that can be treated as good examples for other countries in the region. The local autonomy development process in each country is influenced by certain factors, both internally and externally. For a comprehensive view in research elaboration were applied several scientific methods. The juridicallegal perspective of the topic was ensured due to exploring of legislative, normative and methodological materials regulating local autonomy and local public administration in the analysed countries. Comparative method was useful in terms of analysing the same countries of a certain European groups, but also between different groups. The bibliographic analysis supposed studying foreign scientific literature and the domestic sources. The actuality of the research topic relates to the importance of the local autonomy in the context of local development and the increasing significance of the local public administration. The European models and the lessons learned from their experience are absolutely relevant in the context of the transition systems in the region such as Eastern Partnership countries. In conclusion, the simplicity of the local administrative system in terms of one layer of local administration, allows for a transparent and direct implementation of functional autonomy, as is the case of the Baltic countries. For ex-socialist states concrete reforms and fast measures had worked efficiently. The European countries with administrative tradition apply a hybrid style of local autonomy, regionalisation becoming an increasingly widespread practice.
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Kukovič, Simona, Miro Haček, and Alan Bukovnik. "The Issue of Local Autonomy in the Slovenian Local Government System." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 14, no. 3 (July 31, 2016): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/14.3.303-320(2016).
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The paper analyses the autonomy of Slovenian municipalities toward the central government. Slovenia is one of the very few countries in the European Union with a one-tier local government system, and while levels of local democracy have been on the rise for the last two decades, relations between the state on the one side and local units (municipalities) on the other has slowly deteriorated, especially over questions of municipal competencies, central oversight and the local financing of local communities. While Slovenia ratified the European Charter on Local Government in 1996, the charter was never fully implemented, as the subsidiarity principle was never fully implemented by the state. The paper will analyse the issue of local autonomy with special emphasis on the three mentioned topics, using primary and secondary sources as well as empirical data from several opinion polls conducted among stakeholders from national and local authorities.
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Wyszkowska, Dorota. "Revenue Autonomy of Local Self-Government – Poland Against the Background of Selected European Union Countries." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H, Oeconomia 51, no. 5 (January 12, 2018): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/h.2017.51.5.371.
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Melnychuk, Vasyl. "SPECIFICS OF CONSTRUCTING MODELS OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION." Visnyk of the Lviv University, no. 42 (2022): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/pps.2022.42.36.
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Slavinskaite, Neringa. "Fiscal decentralization in Central and Eastern Europe." Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues 7, no. 1 (April 12, 2017): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v7i1.1236.
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The paper analyses the level of fiscal decentralization (FD) in selected countries of European Union for 2014 year. The empirical analysis was based on the method of multicriteria decision-making. Method of Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) was used as framework for the analysis. In order to evaluate the different level of fiscal decentralization, the same analysis was applied to subsets of countries categorized into two groups - Central and Eastern Countries. The empirical results show that developed countries of European Union has higher degree of fiscal decentralization than countries of Eastern andCentral Europe. These results show that local government of developed countries (such like Sweden or Denmark) has more power for financial solutions then developing countries (Estonia o rPoland). Fiscal decentralization index in Lithuaniais the lowest among 14 countries of European Union. Originality of this article that was used new fiscal decentralization index, which consists of 26 indicators.
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Siket, Judit. "Prevailing tendencies in local self-governance: Scope of local public affairs and territorial trends in Europe." Bratislava Law Review 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46282/blr.2017.1.1.64.
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Focusing on the content of local autonomy, congruent trends could be identified in European countries. Fundamental values of local self-governance prevailing in Europe are included in the European Charter of Local Self-Government. Having regard to the constitutional principle of separation of powers, Charter takes into consideration local self-governments as part of the executive power. Even though the basic principles specify the political and institutional framework of territorial and local administration, the intergovernmental relations also show changing nature. The public administration systems of the Member States of the European Union do not fall within the scope of the EU law, nevertheless, should be analyzed to what extent these processes are in#uenced by Europeanization progress and what other factors may occur. Remarkable territorial and competence-theory changes were implemented in some States recently, like the Big Society concept in the United Kingdom and the territorial reforms in France.
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Sobczyk, Karolina, Mateusz Grajek, Mateusz Rozmiarek, and Krzysztof Sas-Nowosielski. "Local Governments Spending on Promoting Physical Activity during 2015–2020: Financial Data and the Opinion of Residents in Poland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (October 6, 2022): 12798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912798.
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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected local governments involved in sports and recreation in designated areas. The unprecedented scale of the spread of the disease has led to increased research in the area of the disease, considering various correlations. However, little has been written about the impact of the pandemic on local government spending on recreation and sports services in Poland. Objective: The purpose of the article is to assess the level of local government involvement in the implementation of sports and recreation in Poland compared to other European Union countries, as well as changes in this level in connection with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in the opinion of respondents. Methodology: In the study, the data regarding expenditures of local government units on recreational and sporting services collected in the Statistical Office of the European Union (EURO-STAT) for 2015–2020 were used. The survey portion was conducted among 1600 respondents who provided answers on a 5-item scale that addressed local government involvement in promoting physical activity among residents during COVID-19. Results and conclusion: Local government spending on recreational and sporting services in Poland between 2015 and 2019 increased by about 38%, from EUR 1524.7 million in 2015 to EUR 2103.5 million in 2019. This spending in 2019 was about 40% higher than the average for European Union countries. In contrast, in 2020 it amounted to more than EUR 1886 million and was more than 10% lower compared to the previous year (2019)—the pre-pandemic period. Despite the obstacles caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and budgetary constraints, cities in Poland took several measures in 2020 to maintain the current pace of development and strived to maintain the status of modern, green, and open, betting on balanced development also in aspects related to sports or culture. It was shown that the opinion of respondents mostly coincided with the existing financial state—in voivodeships where there had been a decrease in spending related to sports and recreation compared to the pre-pandemic period, residents are worse at assessing the activities of local governments related to promoting physical activity.
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Lentner, Csaba, and Szilard Hegedus. "Local Self-Governments in Hungary: Recent Changes through Central European Lenses." Central European Public Administration Review 17, no. 2 (November 7, 2019): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17573/cepar.2019.2.03.
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This article provides an overview of the regulatory environment of the Hungarian system of local self-government based on the methods of legal dynamics and economic analyses in a historical perspective tracing events back to the aftermath of World War II. The starting point of the analysis is 1947, the launching of soviet type command economy in Hungary. Next is a detailed study of the regulation and evolution of local self-government since its beginnings in the early 1990s following the change of regime, with a brief international outlook on the post-soviet countries surrounding Hungary. In our economic analysis, emphasis is placed on the period following Hungary’s accession to the European Union, a period that held out considerable opportunities for Hungarian local self-governments, but ultimately evolved into bankruptcy. The article presents detailed reasons for the atypical nature of Hungarian local self-government indebtedness and the factors underlying this unfavourable process. Further on, the procedure of debt consolidation and the essential elements of the new regulatory environment created after 2011 are described. In a brief international comparison, debt portfolio developments are analysed through the examples of Slovenia, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic as analogue Central European countries, in order to provide further proof of the atypical financial management of Hungarian local self-governments, i.e. non-compliance with the rules and the not always solid budgetary discipline. The focus of the research underlying this paper is the impact the Hungarian regulation of self-governments had on the financial sustainability of local self-governments’ financial management. The study confirmed the initial hypothesis that the business management rules set out with insufficient prudence, deficiencies in the control system, and excessive borrowing in foreign exchange led to bankruptcy of a number of local self-governments and consequently jeopardised the proper provision of public services.
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Dyhal, Yaroslav. "The issue of the ratio of women and men in central and local government: the European Union and Ukraine." Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica 24, no. 324 (May 15, 2021): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20813333.24.7.
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Gender mainstreaming is an integral part of the process of building a democratic society, including in thepolitical sphere. In order to draw conclusions about gender equality in the political sphere, it is necessaryto constantly investigate the current situation. An indicator of gender equality in the political sphere is therepresentation of women and men in the governmental institutions. Therefore, there is a need to analyse thegender structure of central and local authorities in the European Union.The aim of the paper is to analyse the representation of women and men in elected authorities andgovernments of the European Union and Ukraine. The author explored the participation of men and womenin the European Parliament, national parliaments of European countries, national governmental authorities,regional and local parliaments of the EU and Ukraine.The gender structures of different authorities were compared. The countries with gender equality in thepolitical sphere and the countries with the largest imbalances were identified.The author analysed the factors that contributed to the establishment of equality in countries with indicatorsas close as possible to gender balance (Scandinavian countries). Among such factors the most interesting are:emancipation of women; high level of social development; institutional factors and legislation as incentives.A comparison of the gender structures of the central executive and legislative bodies and local councils ofUkraine and Poland was made.
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Jabłońska, Małgorzata, Joanna Stawska, Radosław Dziuba, Mahmut Tekce, and Marta Krasoń. "Public Aid and Entrepreneurship During the Covid-19 Pandemic in the European Union Countries." Finanse i Prawo Finansowe 3, no. 31 (September 30, 2021): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2391-6478.3.31.04.
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The aim of the article: The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic made it necessary to involve the state in the process of rescuing numerous business entities from bankruptcy. In the European Union, the aid measure for entrepreneurs takes a form of public aid, which, as it turns out, is the necessary and the only tool to protect SME sector enterprises against bankruptcy. Social isolation caused by the virus that spread on a large scale effectively inhibited the development of entrepreneurship, which is inherently related to the economic development of countries. The aim of the article is therefore to indicate that supporting entrepreneurs within the framework of public aid may help to reverse the unfavorable economic trends related to the disturbed development of entrepreneurship.
Methodology: The article analyzes and assesses the government solutions introduced to the Polish economic reality, the purpose of which is to counteract the effects of Covid-19. The paper presents the current public aid tools available to entrepreneurs along with their financial dimension.
Results of the research: State aid granted by the state to entrepreneurs during the crisis caused by Covid-19 is indispensable for their further functioning. The paper presents aid instruments related to COVID-19 that are available to entrepreneurs. The analysis shows that public aid addressed to entrepreneurs injured as a result of the lockdown comes from many sources and is almost tailored to the individual entrepreneur. The entities providing aid on the basis of state aid include: banks, local government units, executive bodies of local government units, Social Insurance Fund, State Fund for Rehabilitation of Disabled People, financial intermediaries, bodies constituting local government units, the European Investment Bank, Polish Development Fund, district and voivodeship labor offices and BGK (Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego). Having prepared a package of systemic solutions, the government introduced them systematically, depending on the situation of individual sectors of the economy. Special solutions in the form of financial shields were addressed directly to the tourism sector (e.g. loans for tour operators) or the catering sector, which in the face of the pandemic were most exposed to a decrease in revenues. The impact of introduced solutions on the country’s economy can be assessed only in the next few years, but the multitude and diversified nature of the anti-crisis solutions introduced in Poland will certainly contribute to slowing down the negative consequences of Covid-19 in the economy.
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Goulas, Dimitrios, and Georgia Kontogeorga. "How the economic crisis in Greece affected the steps in applying e-government at the first degree self government of Greece." Journal of Governance and Regulation 2, no. 4 (2013): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v2_i4_p1.
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Greece, in the frame of appliance of e-Government, the last years has made significant steps which have changed the way its public services work and especially the local self government, which is represented by municipalities. Many countries, not only in the European Union but also throughout the world, are adopting decentralization reforms in order to empower local communities. In Greece specially, the economic crisis that started from 2009, gave one extra motivation to use decentralization to make local self government more efficient. Decentralization is the process of transferring authority, responsibility and accountability from central to local governments. To accomplish this, Greek government applied the Law 3852 «Kallikratis plan», instituted in 2010, reforming the local self administration and its duties. The purpose of this paper is to present the consequences of this change to the e-government steps that were done before «Kallikratis plan».
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Kozyrski, Robert. "Samorząd terytorialny – 30 lat doświadczeń samorządu (gminnego) w Polsce." Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 18, no. 2 (December 2020): 293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/riesw.2020.2.14.
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The article is an attempt to summarise the achievements of local government in Poland reactivated in 1990, and the topics discussed in the article focus on development and functioning since 1808 Prussian urban reform, which is the organisational model for contemporary local government units in Europe. Much of the article is also devoted to the functioning of Polish local governments in the 1990s and early 2000s, preceding Poland’s accession to the European Union. The issue of the use of pre-accession funds and funds available after 2004 by local governments, which had a significant impact on infrastructure investments in Polish communes, districts and voivodship, was discussed in detail. On the basis of available reports, the article also presents an assessment of the achievements of local government in Poland over thirty years, with its successes and failures. The author also refers to the possibility of using this legacy by local governments of neighbouring countries aspiring to EU membership, mainly Ukraine.
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Sofianou, Eleni, Dimitrios Goulas, Georgia Kontogeorga, and Kassiani Droulia. "Evaluation of the first outcomes of decentralization reform with “kallikratis plan” in greece: The case of Ilida’s municipality." Journal of Governance and Regulation 3, no. 2 (2014): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v3_i2_p1.
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Many countries, not only in the European Union but also throughout the world, are adopting decentralization reforms in order to empower local communities. Decentralization is the process of transferring authority, responsibility and accountability from central to local governments. To accomplish this, Greek government applied the Law 3852/10 «Kallikratis plan», reforming the local self administration and its duties. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the conceptual framework analysis of the relation between decentralization and democratic local governance in Greece, to explore opportunities and propose ways to establish or further strengthen democracy at the local level.
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Kluza, Krzysztof. "Sustainability of Local Government Sector Debt. Evidence from Monte-Carlo Simulations." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 14, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/115-132(2016).
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The financial standing of local governments across the European Union was strongly affected by the economic crisis. The local government sector conducted vast investment policies reaching 10.2% of all investments in the EU countries in 2010. However, at the same time its indebtedness expanded significantly. The current low interest rate environment makes the sector vulnerable to future interest rate increases. The presented research analyses the impact of several scenarios of interest rate changes in Poland on the local governments’ ability to service their current debt burdens. Simulations are conducted with the Monte Carlo method. Some scenarios indicate a high vulnerability of local governments to adverse changes in market interest rates, but only if they are combined with a reduction of sector’s operating surplus. Such an economic setup may give rise to systemic problems for the whole public sector.
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Czech, Mirosław. "Współpraca samorządu terytorialnego z organami administracji rządowej w zakresie realizacji inwestycji drogowych." Polityka i Społeczeństwo 20, no. 2 (2022): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/polispol.2022.2.3.
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With Poland's accession to the European Union in 2004, the visible institutional and legal differences between our country and Western Europe began to blur. The establishment of the European Administrative Space, as a general model of public administration aiming at similar or common administrative solutions, influenced the development of public administration and its organisational structures. In Poland, as in most European countries, the system of local government is based on the principle of dualism, i.e.: some local tasks are performed directly by the government administration subordinated to the relevant ministers, while the remaining tasks are performed by the local government representing the interests of a particular local community. The aim of the article is to discuss the issue of mutual cooperation between the government administration with representatives of local governments on the example of realization of investments. The aim of the article is to discuss the issue of mutual cooperation of the government administration with the representatives of local self-governments, on the example of implementation of investments of international and national importance, such as key linear road investments planned to be carried out, which run through the territory of Poland and to present the conflicts of interests of the local society with the global benefits of the state, which are often fundamentally different and not always properly understood. The intensive development of road transport infrastructure currently taking place in Poland, with the participation of EU policy, has a significant impact on the economic development of micro-regions managed by local self-governments.
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Cherkasov, A. I. "ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL OVER THE ACTIVITIES OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN THE COUTRIES-MEMBERS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 4 (June 22, 2020): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.68.4.163-169.
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The article deals with problems of administrative (state) control over the activities of local authorities in the countries — members of the European Union. The author stresses the importance of such control for securing the proper functioning of public bodies, including those at the local level. The signifi cance of administrative control is also determined by the commitment to the principle of equality and the maintenance of certain minimum standards of services rendered to the population irrespective of the place of living. Administrative control in the final result acts as a kind of a counterweight to those fairly broad rights that have been given to local communities in democratic countries. The state control over local government acquires additional importance also in the light of the increasing integration in the countries — members of the European Union, where sub-national authorities have to implement European legislation. The author reveals the mechanisms of such control and stresses the importance of observance of common democratic principles while performing it. Otherwise the implementation of state control prerogatives may be turned into the instrument of excessive centralization of power, the means of suppression of local initiative and municipal bodies’ autonomy.
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Burlacioiu, Cristina. "Online Commerce Pattern in European Union Countries between 2019 and 2020." Societies 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc13010004.
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The development of information technology, along with the high growth and diversification of consumer needs, has revolutionized the way in which business-to-consumer transactions occur. All this progress was boosted by the COVID-19 pandemic period in a different manner in each EU country, depending on different local aspects. The main goal of this paper is to determine the key characteristics of e-commerce in European Union countries in a pandemic context, based on Eurostat Digital Economy data for 2019–2020. Therefore, for an easier visualization, based on PCA, using 27 analyzed variables, new unique dimensions were revealed: 1. heavy online purchasers, 2. triggers for embracing digital purchasing, 3. perceived barriers against buying online (privacy concerns, security, or not having a card), 4. dynamics of online interaction with public authorities, and 5. enterprise online sharing. Moreover, clustering techniques set four groups of countries with different online commerce patterns that might require attention, according to their specificities, both from a government level and from a business perspective. Special attention is paid to Romania, which has one of the biggest e-commerce industries in Southeastern Europe, but with the share of e-commerce in total retail still quite low, despite this great increase. The models of other countries could be important in helping Romania to catch up with the most successful economies in terms of e-commerce.
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Šašić, Đevad, Merima Tanović, and Amel Delić. "Utjecaj dobrog upravljanja na povećanje zadovoljstva građana uslugama javnog sektora / Good Governance Impact on Increasement of Citizen Satisfaction with Public Sector Services." Pregled: časopis za društvena pitanja / Periodical for social issues 62, no. 1 (July 6, 2021): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.48052/19865244.2021.1.41.
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Contemporary activities of both private and public sector enacts new methods and principles in terms of adapting to everyday market changes. Public sector organizations, including local self-government institutions, are challenged with new demands that are not always easily achieved. At such a time, the application of contemporary managerial concepts, such as New Public Management and Good Governance, are crucial for the efficiency and effectiveness of the public sector organizations. In transitional countries, and especially those that are candidates for accession to the European Union, such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, the most demanding criterion is public administration reform. That reform includes improvement of organizational and functional efficiency and effectiveness, reorganizing public administration from the state level to local self-government level, and improvement of public services. In this regard, the paper focuses on research of the efficiency of the public sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the countries of the Western Balkans, with focus on citizen satisfaction with certain public sector services. Citizen satisfaction with public services and public institutions can be considered as a direct outcome of government’s policy and activities. Also, citizen satisfaction survey results can reveal a lot on the issues of how governments function, both in terms of citizen actual experiences and their expectations. The paper presents the results of Western Balkans countries compared with the results of European Union countries in terms of health services, education, ease of doing business and e-government. Western Balkans countries do not have a sufficiently developed system for monitoring the satisfaction of public service users and harmonizing reform measures, and also they have not developed well a system of functional cooperation with private and civil sectors in order to improve the quality of public services and citizen satisfaction.
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SILAEV, NIKOLAY, and DARIA KOVALEVA. "Evolution of public administration in the post-Soviet countries. Georgia." Public Administration 24, no. 3 (2022): 93–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2070-8378-2022-24-3-93-118.
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The article examines the formation of the statehood in independent Georgia. The authors study the history of the formation of the Georgian state over the past 30 years, noting both objective factors that hinder rapid economic development and recovery, as well as the obvious mistakes of the country’s authorities. One of the most crucial Georgia’s problems is still the demographic problem, the economic recession after the collapse of the Soviet Union was one of the deepest, the geographical conditions of the country force the government to invest much to infrastructure, and in the field of foreign trade, Georgia has a significant negative balance. Despite the listed difficulties, after the 2008–2009 crisis, the country showed positive economic dynamics and recovery rates. The authors emphasize that the quality of public administration in Georgia is much better than in many other post-Soviet countries; they associate this with the ongoing reforms and close cooperation with the European Union. After 2012, a special work was carried out to create a system of professional and politically neutral civil service together with a reform to reorganize local self-government, which allowed the citizens of the country to have greater influence over local government policies. The authors conclude that the progress in the field of state institutions, against the background of unfavorable economic conditions, deserves a particular study.
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Dudek, Carolyn M. "Transmitting Environmentalism? The Unintended Global Consequences of European Union Environmental Policies." Global Environmental Politics 13, no. 2 (May 2013): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00169.
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Will European companies investing abroad be transmitters of EU environmental policies or environmental dumpers? This article utilizes a most-differentcases approach to analyze transnational corporation (TNC) behavior in countries with less stringent environmental standards. Drawing on rational institutionalism, the article examines two significant European business investments in Mercosur countries: paper pulp mills in Uruguay and fishing off the coast of Argentina. These cases demonstrate that EU environmental standards will be diffused beyond Europe's borders if significant fixed assets are involved, high levels of public awareness and action in response to environmental degradation are possible, and if the environmental policy of an industry is successfully implemented in Europe. Paper pulp milling in Uruguay fulfilled these conditions and TNCs, in this case applied EU standards. This was not so with TNC fishing practices in Argentina. Also, with high citizen attention, local companies will adopt similar environmental practices to those of their European counterparts, improving environmental practices even without domestic government regulations.
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Risteska, Sandra. "THE МEANING OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 1 (December 10, 2018): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2801351r.
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Each country strives for growing economic development, but no country is able to implement it. Various experiences and projects from the countries of the European Union and other neighboring countries are taken and considered. Towards the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, economic movements are increasingly relying on public-private partnerships, which can lead to a rapid development process through the financing of infrastructure projects. Economic globalization, as well as the emergence of new opportunities for economic activity in the world, are aimed at cooperation of the authorities and businesses in the realization of the socio-economic policies. The implementation and realization of development projects through public-private partnerships is impossible without participation by the relevant institutions of the public and private sector. Above all, direct participation implies expertise, experience and education. Every project that will be realized through various forms of public-private partnership must fulfill certain conditions. Among the conditions for proper implementation of the project are: dialogue, transparency and monitoring. The main feature of PPP is the transfer of the risk to the financing, efficiency and quality of public services, which are usually the burden of the private partner. This paper analyzes and explores the essence of public-private partnership. The conceptual framework for public-private partnership, as well as its strengths and weaknesses, is set. With the application of PPP, the economic development of the infrastructure as a whole, and in particular the development of local infrastructure, is analyzed. The origin of PPPs, its characteristics, as well as the need and importance for their continuous implementation are explained. The application of PPP is considered through the experiences in certain countries of the European Union and the Republic of Macedonia. Then, the responses to previously hypothesized hypotheses are collected: what is the successful implementation of PPP, what is needed for PPPs and why. In the end, the data from the conducted research are collected, analyzed and determined the profile of certain activities, as well as the possible decisions for further strategies for the implementation of the PPPs.
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Tolkmitt, Volker, Iryna Volokhova, and Ruslana Ignatenko. "FINANCIAL DECENTRALIZATION IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN TRENDS." Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 4, no. 45 (September 5, 2022): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.4.45.2022.3839.
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Decentralization is considered one of the most successful reforms in Ukraine. It has become a decisive factor in the social and economic development of the country. As a result of the reform, a significant amount of powers and sources of financial resources were transferred from the state authorities as close as possible to the people – to territorial communities in the form of local self-government bodies. Decentralization processes are dominant in the developed countries of the world and involve strengthening the financial autonomy of municipalities. However, in contrast to European countries, Ukraine remains a state in which extensive methods of economic development are preserved.The article is devoted to the study of the process of financial decentralization in Ukraine, which was carried out in the context of European trends. It is justified that powers between the levels of power and management should be demarcated according to the principle of subsidiarity. The article analyzes the degree of decentralization of revenues of local budgets of Ukraine and the countries of the European Union. The current system of local taxation in Ukraine has been studied. According to the results of the study, problems related to financial decentralization were identified. The search for ways to increase local communities' own incomes and ways to increase the autonomy of local self-government bodies was carried out. Proposals have been developed to improve the efficiency of tax revenue generation, which aims to help strengthen the financial independence of local budgets at the current stage of development.
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Argirova, Desislava Mladenova. "Good Practices of the European Union Countries Regarding the Integration of Refugees and Migrants." ANNUAL JOURNAL OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF VARNA, BULGARIA 5, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29114/ajtuv.vol5.iss1.233.
Full textAbstract:
The countries of the European Union, which are final destinations or transit for refugees and migrants, face many social, humanitarian and financial challenges. They are expected to invest efforts and resources to enable migrant communities and the host society to activate their abilities, qualities and skills to build social cohesion and well-being between them. Local administrations provide many services that directly affect the integration of migrants and there-fore have a greater capacity to support the process of social cohesion, as opposed to governance at national level, which in many cases hinders local government initiatives to address social and economic problems arising from immigration. Integration is an extremely individual process and individual needs must be taken into account by the various institutions involved in this activity. Refugee integration is one of the indicators of democratic society, an indicator of the development and promotion of human rights and freedoms. It is a continuous and dynamic process that requires efforts and readiness on the part of refugees to adapt to their host society without having to give up their cultural identity, and therefore - readiness and understanding on the part of the host community and public institutions to perceive refugees as equal persons of themselves. Integration is a long-term two-way process of mutual adjustment of incoming immigrants and citizens of the host country.
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Aliyeva, Aygun. "Methodological aspects of cluster policy formation in Azerbaijan." Technium Social Sciences Journal 10 (July 18, 2020): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v10i1.1249.
Full textAbstract:
Foreign experience demonstrates that countries’ strategies in cluster policy differ depending on national traditions and culture of their strategy engineering process, as well as on the cluster concept. Analysis of information sources shows that technical and methodological framework for cluster policy formulation have not been clearly and unambiguously studied in science.
The most important methodological document on cluster policy is the European Cluster Memorandum signed by the Member States of the European Union in 2006 [3]. It defined the essence and importance of clusters in innovation development and identified the key provisions of cluster policy.
One of the essential methodological issues is the role of government in the formation of clusters. The following factors can be associated with the state’s growing influence on clustering processes:
market weakness, increase in the volume and value of public goods;
an objective priority of public interest in the context of globalization;
the need to protect the national economy in the international economic relations;
the need for institutional regulations in the national and global economy.
Foreign experience demonstrates that the numerous cluster initiatives running in major developed countries over the last few years have been brought forward by local or regional governments. In relatively small developed countries and in a number of developing countries, the government plays an essential role in the cluster development initiative, especially when local and regional government agencies cannot partner with the private sector. A number of decisions on clusters have been adopted at national level in countries with centralized decision-making process.
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Korolewska, Monika. "Samorządowe dochody podatkowe w wybranych państwach Unii Europejskiej." Studia BAS 1, no. 65 (2021): 251–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31268/studiabas.2021.13.
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The article looks at the issue of local taxation in 22 selected European countries, members of OECD, as well as the European Union member states. The author analyses the importance of local taxes for regional and local governments measured by the share of tax revenues received by these governments as a percentage of GDP and percentage of total tax revenues. She also presents the structure of local tax revenues. The study is based on the OECD revenue and taxes in Europe database.
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Sienkiewicz, Mariusz W. "Conditions and prospects for cooperation between Polish and Ukrainian local governments." Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 19, no. 4 (December 2021): 221–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/riesw.2021.4.11.
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The fact that Poland and Ukraine share a border, the convergence of the political goals of the peoples of both countries, and the constant efforts towards the development of democracy and decentralisation of public life determine the need to intensify cooperation in various areas of the functioning of society and the economy. An important sphere of cooperation is the public sector, in particular at the level of local government. The local government cooperation of both countries was already visible at the beginning of the social and political transformations after 1990. The development of this cooperation, with varying results, took place in the 1990s and, to an even greater extent, after Poland’s accession to the European Union. In the last three decades, local and regional communities in Ukraine have become an important partner for Polish local governments, both at the local and regional levels. The local government cooperation that has been implemented is based on the diversification and multidimensionality of forms and models. Some result from legal regulations, while others are based on mutual experiences, previous contacts, and sympathies of public authorities. The aim of the study is to analyse and present the conditions and forms of Polish-Ukrainian local government cooperation. The aim is also to show the barriers to cooperation and to define proposed solutions to improve partner contacts of territorial units. The local government cooperation of the two countries is undoubtedly hindered by the fact that Ukraine is not a member of the EU, and often by mutual misunderstanding and non-acceptance of historical experiences. On the other hand, common goals at different levels of social, public, and economic life are a significant factor motivating parties to increase cooperation and achieve a synergistic effect thanks to it.
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Mazllami, Jeton. "Fiscal Decentralization and Alternative Financial Sources for the Local Self-Government in Republic of North Macedonia - Overview." SEEU Review 16, no. 1 (June 12, 2021): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/seeur-2021-0006.
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Abstract Local governance in developing countries demonstrates many problems related to financial sources and good governance of their finances. Local Self-Government (LSG) units in the Republic of North Macedonia are very small which results in a lack of capabilities to raise enough funds to offer delegated services. The local government in the Republic of North Macedonia centralizes almost all public finance. Local budgets depend heavily on state transfers and donations from the central budget. The lack of funds remained a crucial problem even though there were some attempts for the decentralization process. Practically, governments in many of the local governments in North Macedonia could not secure their resources. In this way, they could come with specific charges, but all taxes are decided by the central government. The practice showed that local governments before borrowing needs to be approved by the Ministry of Finance. The Republic of North Macedonia as a potential candidate to join the European Union should make several changes regarding the legislation during the process of accession to benefit from being a small candidate country. The main aim of this paper is to investigate alternative financial sources such are Municipal Bonds, Partnership Sukuk securities, and PPP. Unfortunately, many financial alternatives have not been able to be implemented due to failures in reforms and good financial governance. But they remain an open opportunity for developing a local government in the future.
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Kowalewska, Ewa, and Marcin Burzec. "Tax Incentives for Food Donations – a General Overview." Review of European and Comparative Law 50, no. 3 (September 9, 2022): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.14145.
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The study analyses tax law regulations in force in Poland and in selected European Union countries which may influence attitudes of entrepreneurs (taxpayers) in taking actions aimed at preventing food waste. This analysis demonstrates that all countries investigated in this study have made attempts to develop and implement various measures to combat the problem of food waste. At the same time, it is worth noting that properly constructed tax preferences are an important factor in preventing food waste, which is part of the sustainable development strategy implemented by European Union countries. In this respect, actions must be long-term and they should be based on various legal measures. Further changes in this area will be determined by some key factors. These include the need to use tax law regulations or to determine economic and social trends. Directions of activities of the state, local government and non-governmental organizations for counteracting food waste will also set course for these changes. Achieving sustainable development also at the stage of using food already produced should be based on optimization of all related processes, and thus also financial (mainly tax) processes. Therefore, attention should be paid in particular to the tax legislation in force in Poland and in selected European Union countries, i.e. the Act on tax on goods and services and the Act on corporate income tax.
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Buzogány, Aron. "Civil Society Organisations beyond the European Union: Normative Expectations and Local Realities." Journal of Contemporary European Research 14, no. 2 (June 22, 2018): 187–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.30950/jcer.v14i2.879.
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This article analyses the development of the EU's external civil society agenda and how this is interpreted by various actors. Using qualitative interviews carried out in Ukraine, Georgia and Brussels, the article shows how the EU's external civil society agenda has developed in parallel with the EU's internal ‘governance turn’. Changes in this narrative from a partnership-orientated role towards a more political watchdog-role for civil society organisations are (re)interpreted differently by EU actors, EU-based civil society organisations and those in the neighbourhood countries. By focusing on localised interpretations and the inherent contradictions this policy produces, this article shows that civil society's new watchdog role is not only directed towards controlling domestic governments but also the EU.
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Brunt, Andrew, and Derek Spooner. "The Development of Wind Power in Denmark and The Uk." Energy & Environment 9, no. 3 (June 1998): 279–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x9800900304.
Full textAbstract:
Renewable energy technologies are attracting increasing support in the European Union, with wind power particularly favoured. The growth of wind power capacity has proceeded at variable rates in different countries. This paper focuses upon the contrasting experiences of two countries both blessed with abundunt wind resources: Denmark, a leader both in wind turbine installation and manufacture, and the UK, where development has been slow until the 1990's. The recent energy histories of the two countries are explored as the context for wind power development. Denmarks success has been based on a combination of local and co-operative ownership with government encouragement and support, whereas the UK, despite the impetus provided by the Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation since 1989, has largely failed to ensure the involvement of people at the local level.
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Almeida, Fernando. "Digital Skills and Their Relevance to the COVID-19 Innovative Responses in the European Union." International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy 12, no. 3 (July 2021): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijide.2021070104.
Full textAbstract:
COVID-19 has caused strong restrictions in the activities of companies and people in the European Union. Its effects are not restricted to the public health field, but also include the economic and social dimensions. To face this wide range of challenges, government entities, companies, and civil society have sought to develop innovative solutions to cope with the effects posed by COVID-19. This study aims to explore these innovative initiatives using the observatory of public sector innovation (OPSI) framework and intends to understand the effects of digital skills of citizens and companies in the emergence of these initiatives. The findings reveal that the proposed innovative solutions result essentially from incremental innovation projects and are promoted by government entities at national and local levels. Nevertheless, the relevance of the participation of companies and civil society in these innovative initiatives is also highlighted. Finally, the digital competencies of each EU state member do not appear to influence the countries' capacity to offer innovative solutions.
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Roldan, Ma Divina Gracia Z. "Addressing Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction through ICT and EU Assistance: The Case of Philippine Local Governance." European Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2022.v11n2p32.
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Developing countries are gravely challenged by the adverse effects of climate change and natural disasters. The Philippines is considered as one of the most vulnerable and disaster-prone countries in the world. The European Union (EU) as a development partner extends support to the Philippines on climate change. While there are global and national initiatives to take action on these issues, the challenge is how local governments can engage communities to address these environmental threats. The paper poses the following questions: (1) What initiatives did the Philippine national government undertake to address climate change and disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) in the Philippines? (2) What assistance does the EU provide to the Philippines in tackling climate change? (3) In what ways is information and communications (ICT) used by local governments as a mechanism to engage their constituents in dealing with climate change and natural disasters? Documentary analysis of Philippine laws on ICT, climate change, and disaster risk reduction and management are employed to determine the policy framework of the Philippines as a case. Desktop research is undertaken to evaluate the content of selected local government websites on disaster management and to identify the forms of EU technical assistance to the Philippines on climate change. While national policies exist to deal with climate change and disaster management, initiatives may take a backseat given the current pandemic.
Keywords: climate change, disaster risk reduction and management, Philippines, information & communications technology, local governance, EU assistance
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Byelov, D., and V. Goncharuk. "Theoretical and legal background of the implementation of cross-border cooperation: some aspects." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 68 (March 24, 2022): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.68.21.
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This article is devoted of the theoretical and legal foundations of the process of regulating the implementation of cross-border cooperation is carried out, a definition of the category “implementation of cross-border cooperation” is formulated and its characteristic features are outlined.
Іn 2018, Ukraine has consolidated a course on European and Euro-Atlantic integration at the constitutional level, creating a strong foundation for revitalizing external cooperation, including local populations, local governments,
to address local issues through establishing cooperation with neighboring countries and communities. Cross-border cooperation of Ukraine with neighboring countries, in particular with the countries of the European Union, plays a significant role in this cooperation. So, cross-border cooperation is designed to foster communication in various fields, not just about economic co-operation but also about cultural and social cooperation. In addition, the positive result of such cooperation is cooperation in the field of legal regulation of cross-border cooperation.
The legal framework for the implementation of cross-border cooperation is based on such legal acts as the Constitution of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine «On Cross-border Cooperation», the Law of Ukraine «On Local Self-Government in Ukraine», “European Charter of Local Self-Government”, «European Outline Convention on Transfrontier Cooperation between Territorial Communities or Authorities» аnd its protocols and more.
In the process of elaboration of these acts, it was stated that the content and essence of the concept of cross-border cooperation were disclosed, but the definition of the concept was not proposed. When studying the legal doctrine, it was also stated that the concept of cross-border cooperation as a legal category is disclosed, however, the work of scientists to formulate the definition of «implementation of cross-border cooperation» as a legal category is unique.
As a result of the study of the theoretical and legal foundations of the process of regulation of the implementation of cross-border cooperation, the definition of the category “implementation of cross-border cooperation” has been formed and a number of characteristic properties of this concept have been outlined.
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Finn, Dan. "Welfare to Work: the local dimension." Journal of European Social Policy 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/a010187.
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Welfare systems in the European Union and in other OECD countries are under pressure. In response, governments have embarked on major reforms aimed at creating work-based welfare systems. The new approaches involve radical changes in traditional welfare and employment agency bureaucracies. In most countries this has been coupled with decentralization and the increased use of local partnerships and organizations in designing and implementing new 'Welfare to Work' programmes. This article assesses these broad developments and describes the implementation of recent Welfare to Work strategies in three countries – Great Britain, the United States, and the Netherlands. The article compares and contrasts the approach of each country and outlines some of the key developments and implementation problems that have emerged. It briefly assesses the evaluation evidence so far available and analyses the potential and problems that more flexible local delivery arrangements are likely to generate.
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Bajo, Anto, Marko Primorac, and Dario Runtić. "Public Financial Management, Accountability, and Citizens’ Trust." Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava 17, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 389–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.31297/hkju.17.3.3.
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The main goal of the paper is to determine opportunities for the application of analytical tools to improve the management of state and local finances and increase the accountability and trust of citizens in state and local self-government units. PEFA is a useful tool for meeting such goals. PEFA is used on a global scale, primarily in countries that are beneficiaries of international aid, but also increasingly in countries that seek to increase their international credibility as well as their credibility regarding financial management in the eyes of their citizens. In the case of Croatia, PEFA was used in four cities in 2014. The implementation experience shows that PEFA allowed local government units to detect key weaknesses and technical shortcomings in their financial management, as well as to recognize the shortcomings of the provisions of certain regulations implemented at central government level. PEFA is an analytical tool that can be applied both at the national (central government) level and at the level of local self-government units. PEFA is certainly a demanding analytical tool which makes previous knowledge on financial management, budget accounting, and auditing more than desirable. For all European countries likely to join the European Union and finance part of their capital investments through EU funds, PEFA can be a very useful tool not only for the early recognition of weaknesses, but also strengths in financial management. Despite the fact that PEFA does not offer direct instructions on how to solve potential problems in financial management, the findings of the analysis with the accompanying rankings are more than sufficient to serve as recommendations for addressing weaknesses in financial management. The implementation of PEFA requires strong support of the heads of local units and the state. These are also the people expected to initiate reforms and improve financial management. As an analytical tool, PEFA can help these improvements happen much faster and more effectively.
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Sakowicz, Marcin. "Struktury terytorialne państwa – w poszukiwaniu optymalnych rozwiązań." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 1 (December 3, 2012): 129–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2012.1.5.
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The article presents changes in the territorial structure, especially in the local governments, that have taken place in selected countries of European Union in the last 20 years. Changes on the local level and adjustments on the regional level as experienced by unitary states (Scandinavian and Baltic states), federal states (Belgium), states with regional autonomy (Spain) and states that underwent devolution (United Kingdom) are presented. The territorial organization of European Union member states reflects differences in governing and managing structures adjusted to the characteristics of each state. The undertaken reforms relate on the one hand to political, economic and civilizational conditions, and on the other hand to brand new approach to fulfillment of the tasks of public administration (both governmental and self governmental) that would be the most effective, efficient and satisfying the needs of citizens. In many countries, particularly Scandinavian, reforms have been implemented aiming at decreasing of the number of communes.
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Korneliuk, Olha, Yuliia Zavadska, and Roman Chapko. "FORMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 3-4 (2021): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2021.3-4.2.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the features of the main modern forms of cross-border cooperation in the European Union, in particular, organizational forms of cross-border cooperation, historical background, and stages of cross-border cooperation, to analyse the functioning of Euro-regions at the present stage, including financial instruments, and especially the implementation of these processes in a pandemic COVID-19. Methodology of research. The study uses generally accepted methods in economics: a monographic, theoretical, and comparative analysis – to reveal the conceptual foundations of cross-border cooperation; analysis and synthesis, system-structural, abstract and logical, statistical groupings – to determine and analyse the forms of cross-border cooperation in the European Union. Findings. The main theoretical approaches to defining the essence of cross-border cooperation, its place, and its role in the process of economic development of the regions and participating countries are analysed. The main forms of implementation of cross-border cooperation are systematized, the results of cross-border cooperation are considered on the example of the functioning of separate Euro-regions and realization of cross-border projects. It is determined that in the conditions of globalization and strengthening of integration processes between the states the need to expand and deepen international relations between local self-government bodies grows. An analysis of the peculiarities of the development of cross-border cooperation in the face of the global pandemic COVID-19 was conducted. Originality. For the first time, it was established that the peculiarities of the implementation of forms of cross-border cooperation taking into account the new conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which will allow the development of an adaptive mechanism of organizational and economic support of this process. Practical value. The results of the conducted study can be used in the educational process, in particular, in the training of specialists in project management, management and administration, as well as in the implementation of practical activities of public authorities and local governments of urban settlements, cities, and regions that are cross-border regions. Key words: cross-border cooperation, forms of cross-border cooperation, Euro-region, cross-border project.
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Holomb, Viktoriia Volodymyrivna. "AN ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES TO GDP DISTRIBUTION THROUGH PUBLIC SECTOR IN UKRAINE AND THE EU COUNTRIES." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF POLISSIA 1, no. 2(10) (2017): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2017-1-2(10)-136-142.
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Urgency of the research. The true is that government has to become an arbiter of economic and financial relations and to achieve a balance between social welfare and economic advance. In order to succeed it should establish the most transparent, clear and fair rules of GDP distribution and follow them. The size of public sector must be enough to satisfy basic social needs of citizens. Target setting. There is no agreement among politicians and scholars about the sum of gross domestic product that should be redistributed by government. Therefore, every country determines the optimal size of the public sector independently. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Many foreign economists investigated problems of public finance. Among them are: T. Lindh, G. Olson, E. Atkinson, J. Slemrod, W. Corpi, A. Lindbek, A. Afonso, L. Shukneht. Among local scientists who study similar questions we can notice: T. Koliada, I. Lunina, T. Chernychko, D. Serebrianskii. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. For the lack of a common approach to GDP redistribution through the public sector, it is important to systematize and generalize of world experience in solving such problem. The research objective. The aim of this paper is to carry out a comparative analysis of approaches to GDP distribution through public sector in Ukraine and the European Union. The statement of basic materials. Welfare state models are described in the article. It appears that the level of GDP redistribution in Ukraine is close to European average. Structure of budget expenditures in Ukraine and in the EU is analyzed. It is proved the level of economic growth doesn’t depend on the size of public sector; it depends on operational efficiency of state authorities. Conclusions. This article provides a comparative analysis of approaches to GDP distribution through public sector in Ukraine and the European Union.
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Pakhnenko, Olena, Maryna Brychko, and Anzhelika Shalda. "Financial Support of Communities During the Covid-19 Pandemic." Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks 6, no. 3 (2022): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/fmir.6(3).83-92.2022.
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The article provides a study of the financial provision of local communities to respond the COVID-19. The main purpose of the research is to analyze the role of alternative sources of funding for local communities in strengthening their financial capacity and supporting the health care system during the pandemic. The analysis was carried out on the basis of a study of world trends, a comparative analysis of the financial support of Eastern and Western European countries at the expense of international organizations and government institutions; as well as the study of contributions of charitable funds, public organizations and corporate entities in supporting the health care system (the case of Ukraine). The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the pandemic had long-lasting effects on the global economy and created a demand for financial support from citizens and businesses, local and central governments. In order to cover the expenses related to the provision of health care in the conditions of the pandemic, as well as aimed at minimizing the consequences of COVID-19 for the economy and society, various sources of funding were involved, which included funds from the state and local budgets, as well as external funding, such as financial activities, programs and grants of international organizations and other donors, charitable contributions from foundations and corporations. The study proved the existence of inter-country and inter-regional differences in the structure of sources of financing, as well as in the focus areas of funding. The analysis of funding activities of major international organizations, unions and government structures, such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the European Investment Bank, the European Union, the United States Agency for International Development and others, for the period 2020-2021 confirmed that most of the funding initiatives have an economic orientation, but only some of them are directly aimed at financial support of local communities. On the other hand, alternative sources of funding, such as funds from charitable foundations and donations from the corporate sector, were directly aimed at supporting medical institutions and patients in local communities. That makes them important both for the economy and for saving lives, despite of the lower values of funding compared to international or state programs. The results of the research can be useful for scientists, state and local self-government bodies in managing the financial capacity of local communities and their resilience to health threats.
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Сафаров, Джахонгир, Dzhakhongir Safarov, Зафар Рузиев, and Zafar Ruziev. "COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION POWERS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT BODIES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 2, no. 1 (March 16, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18194.
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On the basis of the provisions of environmental legislation, as well as laws on local self-government of the United States, the European Union and the Commonwealth of Independent States the comparative legal analysis of the self-government authority in the field of environmental protection is given. The specifics of powers of citizens’ self-government institute (mahalla) in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the sphere of environmental protection are determined. The classification of the environmental authorities of self-government bodies in such four key areas as organizing and conducting of environmental education and conservation work on the ground, implementation of public environmental control, the realization of the economic mechanism of nature protection and management in the field of ecology is offered. The conclusion about the possibility of using of the rules laid down in the legislation of studied states in the domestic legislation is made. The priority areas for further extension of powers of environmental government agencies are proposed. The prospects for improving the legal rules for the participation of self-government bodies in the field of nature protection, the expansion of the powers of environmental authorities of the self-government bodies in the field of environmental rights of citizens, as well as the strengthening of mechanisms to ensure environmental information by the selfgovernment bodies are studied.
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Chumakov, Vitaliy. "Political contexts of the "soft power", cultural and educational diplomacy of the european countries through channels of local-global interactions." Science Culture Society 27, no. 4 (December 14, 2021): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/nko.2021.27.4.2.
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The use of "soft power" as the set of extensive organizational and project tools by the conventional bodies of the European Union and leading European countries (Great Britain, Germany, France, Spain) for informal promotion of their national interests and common European values in third countries, including Russia, is being examined. Existence of the EU as itself in the comprehensive configuration and with the current ideological principles serves not so much as an example and a role model but as an object of aspiration of both the political elites of non-EU countries and their ordinary population. Despite the notorious disagreements among some of its members on certain political issues EU demonstrates solidarity in adherence to the principles, norms and rules developed over decades for socio-economic and cultural-humanitarian integration. Considered national language programs, cultural and educational initiatives have a common feature that the studied foreign language fully reflects the life of its “native” land. Moreover, textbooks and teaching aids in most cases contain value orientations of the people or value agenda of the whole country. All of them are designed to train foreigners in a variety of majors: as a result, most exchange students participate therein for their capabilities expansion, personal capital increasement and possible further employment in the country of study, based on the expected high level of income and everyday life. Conclusion is drawn about the disproportion of the significant resources directed by individual European states and the central EU bodies to promote common European cultural and political values, and the relatively modest efforts of the Russian government to expand the “global” Russian world towards the “local” areas which historically and civilizationally gravitate to Russia.
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Kholyavitska, K. S. "Foreign experience of decentralization of power and prospects for Ukraine." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 2, no. 99 (December 22, 2021): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-99-2-94-103.
Full textAbstract:
The author of the article has outlined the problem of finding the most optimal model of the state for of government, because the necessary condition for stable development of society and effective functioning of the state is to ensure the balance between national interests and the interests of the population of regions and territorial communities. The preconditions, political history and periods of the formation of decentralized power in most European medieval states, scientific positions of national and foreign legal scholars on the expediency of implementing decentralization have been analyzed. It has been found out that the vast majority of Western European countries abdicate the unitary state model by introducing decentralization. The leading idea of reforming is to move the center of solving local issues to the local and, in particular regional level that is achieved by optimizing relations between different levels of territorial organization of power. National traditions, formation and functioning of public agencie in the past, specific features of administrative and territorial structure of the state, existence of autonomous territories, multiethnic population have a significant influence on the formation of the constitutional system on the basis of decentralization in the EU countries. The positive experience Poland, France, Italy, Latvia, Germany and Denmark has been studied. The author has theoretically substantiated that the principle of decentralization has been successfully implemented in the practice of the European Union countries. It has been indicated that the prerequisite for the successful implementation of decentralization processes to create an effective model of governance within the system of decentralized government of Ukraine is: the establishment of the rule of law principle; recognition and guarantees of local self-government; equal legal protection of all forms of ownership; democratic and effective electoral legislation; independence, efficiency, accessibility and transparency of the judicial system, functioning of administrative justice institutions; perfect budget process and high financial discipline; availability of adequate social standards; developed public sector and stable tendency towards its development.
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Gurchumeliia, Y. "Legal and practical aspects of international cooperation of territorial communities through the prism of the implementation of the european neighbourhood policy." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 73 (December 9, 2022): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.73.7.
Full textAbstract:
The legal grounds for establishing cooperation between local self-government bodies and territorial communities of foreign countries, which are subjects of cross-border cooperation are considered in the article.
It has been established that local self-government bodies carry out their activities in accordance with and within the limits of current legislation. The basic international legal acts and legal acts of Ukraine, which regulate the process of formation and functioning of local self-government bodies, define the list of functions and powers exercised by such bodies independently, determine the role and place of territorial communities in the development of cross-border cooperation.
The main factors that influence nowadays the formation and effective functioning of local communities are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the communities located within the Transcarpathian region on the state border with the member countries of the European Union. It has been established that such a geographical position, in turn, leads to the intensification of international and cross-border cooperation and contributes to the further sustainable development of territories.
The subject of Ukraine's participation in the programs of the European Neighbourhood Policy (hereinafter - ENP) is disclosed, the main advantages are characterized and the existing shortcomings are identified. It has been studied that Ukraine takes part in a number of cross-border programs within the framework of the ENP and contributes both to the Europeanization of Ukrainian society and to an increase in the standard of living of the population in the border areas of countries that are partners in cross-border projects through international technical assistance projects.
Another opportunity for the participation of local communities in the development of international cooperation, which is membership in the Council of European Municipalities and Regions (CEMR) is considered. A special role is given here to cities in communities and the wide possibilities of establishing municipal partnerships and the formation of national and international associations. It has been proven that the creation of such organizational forms of international cooperation and the participation of territorial communities in them is an additional stimulus for the development and implementation of joint international programs and projects between municipalities.
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Pereirinha, José António Correia, and Elvira Pereira. "Social resilience and welfare systems under COVID-19: A European comparative perspective." Global Social Policy 21, no. 3 (October 4, 2021): 569–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14680181211012946.
Full textAbstract:
COVID-19 and the corresponding economic lockdown and income loss for large segments of population was something unexpected for all European countries, and their welfare systems were not prepared to protect their citizens from such threats. Social resilience is becoming used in disaster risk analysis, and preferred to that of vulnerability, to refer the ability of the social entities to respond to such challenges, enabling them to cope and adjust to adverse events. It has been more recently used in the context of the European Union (EU) about COVID-19, regarding the creation of the Recovery and Resilience Facility, intended to mitigate the economic and social impact of the coronavirus pandemic. The global nature of this pandemic makes possible and relevant a deeper understanding of social resilience at different levels of analysis: international, national, local and individual/household levels. This article aims to contribute to this by proposing a set of indicators of social resilience in face of COVID-19, supported in a theoretical framework developed herein, and comparing the performance of a selection of EU countries with distinct welfare system configurations, with different roles played by the government, the market, the social organizations and the families. Using comparable statistical data at macro level and data concerning the responses of government to the economic and social effects of the pandemic, we produce a synthetic index of social resilience, combining resilience on coping and resilience on adapting. We relate the differences found in coping and adapting with the welfare system configurations of these countries.
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Pereirinha, José António Correia, and Elvira Pereira. "Social resilience and welfare systems under COVID-19: A European comparative perspective." Global Social Policy 21, no. 3 (October 4, 2021): 569–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14680181211012946.
Full textAbstract:
COVID-19 and the corresponding economic lockdown and income loss for large segments of population was something unexpected for all European countries, and their welfare systems were not prepared to protect their citizens from such threats. Social resilience is becoming used in disaster risk analysis, and preferred to that of vulnerability, to refer the ability of the social entities to respond to such challenges, enabling them to cope and adjust to adverse events. It has been more recently used in the context of the European Union (EU) about COVID-19, regarding the creation of the Recovery and Resilience Facility, intended to mitigate the economic and social impact of the coronavirus pandemic. The global nature of this pandemic makes possible and relevant a deeper understanding of social resilience at different levels of analysis: international, national, local and individual/household levels. This article aims to contribute to this by proposing a set of indicators of social resilience in face of COVID-19, supported in a theoretical framework developed herein, and comparing the performance of a selection of EU countries with distinct welfare system configurations, with different roles played by the government, the market, the social organizations and the families. Using comparable statistical data at macro level and data concerning the responses of government to the economic and social effects of the pandemic, we produce a synthetic index of social resilience, combining resilience on coping and resilience on adapting. We relate the differences found in coping and adapting with the welfare system configurations of these countries.
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Badera, Jarosław. "Problems of the social non-acceptance of mining projects with particular emphasis on the European Union – a literature review." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2015-0029.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Problems of the social non-acceptance of the mining industry (particularly development projects) is relatively new, so more widely discussed for a relatively short time. In this paper, an extensive review of worldwide literature on this topic has been presented with special regard to the specificity of the European Union countries, where the NIMBY (Not In My Backyard) phenomenon is one of the key reasons for local community opposition. The problem is recognized mainly from the perspective of the mineral industry, but also from the point of view of government, NGOs or local communities. There are case studies, publications in the range of sustainable development, corporate social responsibility, geo-ethics, proposals for new analytical methods (for example multi-criteria and others) or effective solutions. The improvement in social acceptance for the mineral industry may be achieved by further development of technological, organizational and scientific methods which minimizes mining influences on the environment and society developing. Modern approach to social issues associated with mineral activity includes also strategies of bilateral communication, mediation/negotiation, cooperation between stakeholders to a larger extent then in the past. However, it is the continuous need of extensive, in-depth social debate on mineral development projects in the European Union, both in energetic and non-energetic branch.