Academic literature on the topic 'Local GCD Equivalence'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Local GCD Equivalence.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Local GCD Equivalence"
1
Silva, Fábio D., Maria Helena M. Vale, and Marina M. S. Andrade. "Impact of local PMU-based equivalent methods on real-time voltage stability assessment." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 14, no. 16 (August 21, 2020): 3117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.1651.
Full text
2
Gaurav, Satish, Vibhuti Nougain, and Bijaya Ketan Panigrahi. "Protection of low-voltage DC microgrid based on series R–L–C equivalent circuit utilising local measurements." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 14, no. 18 (September 18, 2020): 3877–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.1843.
Full text
3
Le Morzadec, K., L. Tarasov, M. Morlighem, and H. Seroussi. "A new sub-grid surface mass balance and flux model for continental-scale ice sheet modelling: testing and last glacial cycle." Geoscientific Model Development 8, no. 10 (October 8, 2015): 3199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3199-2015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. To investigate ice sheet evolution over the timescale of a glacial cycle, 3-D ice sheet models (ISMs) are typically run at "coarse" grid resolutions (10–50 km) that do not resolve individual mountains. This will introduce to-date unquantified errors in sub-grid (SG) transport, accumulation and ablation for regions of rough topography. In the past, synthetic hypsometric curves, a statistical summary of the topography, have been used in ISMs to describe the variability of these processes. However, there has yet to be detailed uncertainty analysis of this approach. We develop a new flow line SG model for embedding in coarse resolution models. A 1 km resolution digital elevation model was used to compute the local hypsometric curve for each coarse grid (CG) cell and to determine local parameters to represent the hypsometric bins' slopes and widths. The 1-D mass transport for the SG model is computed with the shallow ice approximation. We test this model against simulations from the 3-D Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM) run at 1 km grid resolution. Results show that none of the alternative parameterizations explored were able to adequately capture SG surface mass balance and flux processes. Via glacial cycle ensemble results for North America, we quantify the impact of SG model coupling in an ISM. We show that SG process representation and associated parametric uncertainties, related to the exchange of ice between the SG and CG cells, can have significant (up to 35 m eustatic sea level equivalent for the North American ice complex) impact on modelled ice sheet evolution.
4
Uddin, Md Main, Mostafa M. H. Ibrahim, and Karen P. Briski. "Glycogen Phosphorylase Isoform Regulation of Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Gluco-Regulatory Neuron 5′-AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Transmitter Marker Protein Expression." ASN Neuro 13 (January 2021): 175909142110350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17590914211035020.
Full textAbstract:
Brain glycogen is remodeled during metabolic homeostasis and provides oxidizable L-lactate equivalents. Brain glycogen phosphorylase (GP)-brain (GPbb; AMP-sensitive) and -muscle (GPmm; norepinephrine-sensitive) type isoforms facilitate stimulus-specific control of glycogen disassembly. Here, a whole animal model involving stereotactic-targeted delivery of GPmm or GPbb siRNA to the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) was used to investigate the premise that these variants impose differential control of gluco-regulatory transmission. Intra-VMN GPmm or GPbb siRNA administration inhibited glutamate decarboxylate65/67 (GAD), a protein marker for the gluco-inhibitory transmitter γ--aminobutyric acid (GABA), in the caudal VMN. GPbb knockdown, respectively overturned or exacerbated hypoglycemia-associated GAD suppression in rostral and caudal VMN. GPmm siRNA caused a segment-specific reversal of hypoglycemic augmentation of the gluco-stimulatory transmitter indicator, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). In both cell types, GP siRNA down-regulated 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) during euglycemia, but hypoglycemic suppression of AMPK was reversed by GPmm targeting. GP knockdown elevated baseline GABA neuron phosphoAMPK (pAMKP) content, and amplified hypoglycemic augmentation of pAMPK expression in each neuron type. GPbb knockdown increased corticosterone secretion in eu- and hypoglycemic rats. Outcomes validate efficacy of GP siRNA delivery for manipulation of glycogen breakdown in discrete brain structures in vivo, and document VMN GPbb control of local GPmm expression. Results document GPmm and/or -bb regulation of GABAergic and nitrergic transmission in discrete rostro-caudal VMN segments. Contrary effects of glycogenolysis on metabolic-sensory AMPK protein during eu- versus hypoglycemia may reflect energy state-specific astrocyte signaling. Amplifying effects of GPbb knockdown on hypoglycemic stimulation of pAMPK infer that glycogen mobilization by GPbb limits neuronal energy instability during hypoglycemia.
5
Lugon, Lya, Jérémy Vigneron, Christophe Debert, Olivier Chrétien, and Karine Sartelet. "Black carbon modeling in urban areas: investigating the influence of resuspension and non-exhaust emissions in streets using the Street-in-Grid model for inert particles (SinG-inert)." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): 7001–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7001-2021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is a primary and inert pollutant often used as a traffic tracer. Even though its concentrations are generally low at the regional scale, BC presents very high concentrations in streets (at the local scale), potentially with important effects on human health and the environment. Modeling studies of BC concentrations usually underestimate BC concentrations due to uncertainties in both emissions and modeling. Both exhaust and non-exhaust traffic emissions present uncertainties, but the uncertainties with respect to non-exhaust emissions, such as tire, brake, and road wear as well as particle resuspension, are particularly high. In terms of modeling, street models do not always consider the two-way interactions between the local and regional scales. Using a two-way modeling approach, a street with high BC concentrations may influence urban background concentrations above the street, which can subsequently enhance the BC concentrations in the same street. This study uses the multiscale Street-in-Grid model (SinG) to simulate BC concentrations in a suburban street network in Paris, taking the two-way coupling between local and regional scales into account. The BC concentrations in streets proved to have an important influence on urban background concentrations. The two-way dynamic coupling leads to an increase in BC concentrations in large streets with high traffic emissions (with a maximal increase of about 48 %) as well as a decrease in narrow streets with low traffic emissions and low BC concentrations (with a maximal decrease of about 50 %). A new approach to estimate particle resuspension in streets is implemented, strictly respecting the mass balance on the street surface. The resuspension rate is calculated from the available deposited mass on the street surface, which is estimated based on particle deposition and wash-off parameterizations adapted to street-canyon geometries. The simulations show that particle resuspension presents a low contribution to BC concentrations, as the deposited mass is not significant enough to justify high resuspension rates. Non-exhaust emissions, such as brake, tire, and road wear, may largely contribute to BC emissions, with a contribution that is equivalent to exhaust emissions. Here, a sensitivity analysis of BC concentrations is performed by comparing simulations with different emission factors of tire, brake, and road wear. The different emission factors considered are estimated based on the literature. We found a satisfying model–measurement comparison using high tire wear emission factors, which may indicate that the tire emission factors usually used in Europe are probably underestimated. These results have important policy implications: public policies replacing internal combustion engines with electric vehicles may not eliminate BC air pollution but only reduce it by half.
6
Eden, J. M., G. J. van Oldenborgh, E. Hawkins, and E. B. Suckling. "A global empirical system for probabilistic seasonal climate prediction." Geoscientific Model Development 8, no. 12 (December 11, 2015): 3947–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3947-2015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Preparing for episodes with risks of anomalous weather a month to a year ahead is an important challenge for governments, non-governmental organisations, and private companies and is dependent on the availability of reliable forecasts. The majority of operational seasonal forecasts are made using process-based dynamical models, which are complex, computationally challenging and prone to biases. Empirical forecast approaches built on statistical models to represent physical processes offer an alternative to dynamical systems and can provide either a benchmark for comparison or independent supplementary forecasts. Here, we present a simple empirical system based on multiple linear regression for producing probabilistic forecasts of seasonal surface air temperature and precipitation across the globe. The global CO2-equivalent concentration is taken as the primary predictor; subsequent predictors, including large-scale modes of variability in the climate system and local-scale information, are selected on the basis of their physical relationship with the predictand. The focus given to the climate change signal as a source of skill and the probabilistic nature of the forecasts produced constitute a novel approach to global empirical prediction. Hindcasts for the period 1961–2013 are validated against observations using deterministic (correlation of seasonal means) and probabilistic (continuous rank probability skill scores) metrics. Good skill is found in many regions, particularly for surface air temperature and most notably in much of Europe during the spring and summer seasons. For precipitation, skill is generally limited to regions with known El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnections. The system is used in a quasi-operational framework to generate empirical seasonal forecasts on a monthly basis.
7
Kerimoglu, Onur, Markus Pahlow, Prima Anugerahanti, and Sherwood Lan Smith. "FABM-NflexPD 2.0: testing an instantaneous acclimation approach for modeling the implications of phytoplankton eco-physiology for the carbon and nutrient cycles." Geoscientific Model Development 16, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-95-2023.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The acclimative response of phytoplankton, which adjusts their nutrient and pigment content in response to changes in ambient light, nutrient levels, and temperature, is an important determinant of observed chlorophyll distributions and biogeochemistry. Acclimative models typically capture this response and its impact on the C : nutrient : Chl ratios of phytoplankton by explicitly resolving the dynamics of these constituents of phytoplankton biomass. The instantaneous acclimation (IA) approach only requires resolving the dynamics of a single tracer and calculates the elemental composition assuming instantaneous local equilibrium. IA can capture the acclimative response without substantial loss of accuracy in both 0D box models and spatially explicit 1D models. A major drawback of IA so far has been its inability to maintain mass balance for the elements with unresolved dynamics. Here we extend the IA model to capture both C and N cycles in a 0D setup, which requires analytical derivation of additional flux terms to account for the temporal changes in cellular N quota, Q. We present extensive tests of this model, with regard to the conservation of total C an N and its behavior in comparison to an otherwise equivalent, fully explicit dynamic acclimation (DA) variant under idealized conditions with variable light and temperature. We also demonstrate a modular implementation of this model in the Framework for Aquatic Biogeochemical Modelling (FABM), which facilitates modeling competition between an arbitrary number of different acclimative phytoplankton types. In a 0D setup, we did not find evidence for computational advantages of the IA approach over the DA variant. In a spatially explicit setup, performance gains may be possible but would require modifying the physical-flux calculations to account for spatial differences in Q between model grid cells.
8
Karambizi, Natacha U., Christopher S. McMahan, Carl N. Blue, and Lesly A. Temesvari. "Global estimated Disability-Adjusted Life-Years (DALYs) of diarrheal diseases: A systematic analysis of data from 28 years of the global burden of disease study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 27, 2021): e0259077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259077.
Full textAbstract:
Background Diarrheal disease (DD)-associated mortality has declined since 1990; however, the incidence of DD has experienced a less-pronounced decrease. Thus, it is important to track progress in managing DD by following loss of healthy years. A disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), which combines data on years-of-life lost (YLL) and years-lived with-disability (YLD), is a metric that can track such a burden. Methods and findings Using all 28 years of data in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, we compared DD DALYs among different demographic subsets including sex, age, country, and World Bank (WB) income level. We also evaluated DD DALYs as a function of the socio-demographic index (SDI), a measure of a region’s socio-demographic development. On a global level, DD DALYs have decreased by approximately 85.43% from 1990 to 2017. Incidence and prevalence have decreased by 1.53% and 4.45%, respectively. A dramatic decrease in DD DALYs were observed for WB low-income countries, but not for WB high-income constituents. The temporal decrease in DD DALY rates in WB low-income countries was likely driven by a decrease in YLL. Alternatively, temporal increases in both YLL and YLD may have contributed to the apparent lack of progress in WB high-income countries. Regardless of WB income classification, children under the age of five and the elderly were the most vulnerable to DD. In nearly every year from 1990 to 2017, DD DALYs for females were higher than those for males in WB high-income regions, but lower than those for males in WB low-income constituents. The reason for these differences is not known. We also observed that the rate of DD DALYs was highly correlated to SDI regardless of WB income classification. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the only temporal study of DD DALYs that encompasses all 28 years of data available from the GBD. Overall, our analyses show that temporal reductions in DD DALYs are not equivalent across regions, sexes and age groups. Therefore, careful attention to local and demography-specific risk factors will be necessary to tailor solutions in region- and demography-specific manners.
9
Chen, Yunxiang, Jie Bao, Yilin Fang, William A. Perkins, Huiying Ren, Xuehang Song, Zhuoran Duan, Zhangshuan Hou, Xiaoliang He, and Timothy D. Scheibe. "Modeling of streamflow in a 30 km long reach spanning 5 years using OpenFOAM 5.x." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 7 (April 7, 2022): 2917–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2917-2022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Developing accurate and efficient modeling techniques for streamflow at the tens-of-kilometers spatial scale and multi-year temporal scale is critical for evaluating and predicting the impact of climate- and human-induced discharge variations on river hydrodynamics. However, achieving such a goal is challenging because of limited surveys of streambed hydraulic roughness, uncertain boundary condition specifications, and high computational costs. We demonstrate that accurate and efficient three-dimensional (3-D) hydrodynamic modeling of natural rivers at 30 km and 5-year scales is feasible using the following three techniques within OpenFOAM, an open-source computational fluid dynamics platform: (1) generating a distributed hydraulic roughness field for the streambed by integrating water-stage observation data, a rough wall theory, and a local roughness optimization and adjustment strategy; (2) prescribing the boundary condition for the inflow and outflow by integrating precomputed results of a one-dimensional (1-D) hydraulic model with the 3-D model; and (3) reducing computational time using multiple parallel runs constrained by 1-D inflow and outflow boundary conditions. Streamflow modeling for a 30 km long reach in the Columbia River (CR) over 58 months can be achieved in less than 6 d using 1.1 million CPU hours. The mean error between the modeled and the observed water stages for our simulated CR reach ranges from −16 to 9 cm (equivalent to approximately ±7 % relative to the average water depth) at seven locations during most of the years between 2011 and 2019. We can reproduce the velocity distribution measured by the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). The correlation coefficients of the depth-averaged velocity between the model and ADCP measurements are in the range between 0.71 and 0.83 at 75 % of the survey cross sections. With the validated model, we further show that the relative importance of dynamic pressure versus hydrostatic pressure varies with discharge variations and topography heterogeneity. Given the model's high accuracy and computational efficiency, the model framework provides a generic approach to evaluate and predict the impacts of climate- and human-induced discharge variations on river hydrodynamics at tens-of-kilometers and decadal scales.
10
Barkley, Grant T., and Ricky Ini Liu. "Channels, Billiards, and Perfect Matching 2-Divisibility." Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 28, no. 2 (June 18, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.37236/9151.
Full textAbstract:
Let $m_G$ denote the number of perfect matchings of the graph $G$. We introduce a number of combinatorial tools for determining the parity of $m_G$ and giving a lower bound on the power of 2 dividing $m_G$. In particular, we introduce certain vertex sets called channels, which correspond to elements in the kernel of the adjacency matrix of $G$ modulo $2$. A result of Lovász states that the existence of a nontrivial channel is equivalent to $m_G$ being even. We give a new combinatorial proof of this result and strengthen it by showing that the number of channels gives a lower bound on the power of $2$ dividing $m_G$ when $G$ is planar. We describe a number of local graph operations which preserve the number of channels. We also establish a surprising connection between 2-divisibility of $m_G$ and dynamical systems by showing an equivalency between channels and billiard paths. We exploit this relationship to show that $2^{\frac{\gcd(m+1,n+1)-1}{2}}$ divides the number of domino tilings of the $m\times n$ rectangle. We also use billiard paths to give a fast algorithm for counting channels (and hence determining the parity of the number of domino tilings) in simply connected regions of the square grid.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Local GCD Equivalence"
1
BATTISTONI, FRANCESCO. "APPLICATIONS OF PRIME DENSITIES IN NUMBER THEORY AND CLASSIFICATION OF NUMBER FIELDS WITH BOUNDED INVARIANTS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/703505.
Full textAbstract:
This Ph.D. thesis collects the author's works and interests in several parts of Number Theory, from algebraic problems related to relations between number fields which are based on the factorization of prime numbers in the rings of integers, up to the application of tools concerning the density of primes with given splitting type in number fields to the computation of the average rank of specific families of elliptic curves, concluding finally with the classification and estimate of the main invariants of a number field, like the discriminant and the regulator, pursued by means of analytic formulas and algorithmic methods developed on the previous tools and implemented on suitable computer algebra systems, like PARI/GP.
Book chapters on the topic "Local GCD Equivalence"
1
Tarima, Sergey, and Nancy Flournoy. "Choosing Interim Sample Sizes in Group Sequential Designs." In German Medical Data Sciences: Bringing Data to Life. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti210043.
Full textAbstract:
This manuscript investigates sample sizes for interim analyses in group sequential designs. Traditional group sequential designs (GSD) rely on “information fraction” arguments to define the interim sample sizes. Then, interim maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) are used to decide whether to stop early or continue the data collection until the next interim analysis. The possibility of early stopping changes the distribution of interim and final MLEs: possible interim decisions on trial stopping excludes some sample space elements. At each interim analysis the distribution of an interim MLE is a mixture of truncated and untruncated distributions. The distributional form of an MLE becomes more and more complicated with each additional interim analysis. Test statistics that are asymptotically normal without a possibly of early stopping, become mixtures of truncated normal distributions under local alternatives. Stage-specific information ratios are equivalent to sample size ratios for independent and identically distributed data. This equivalence is used to justify interim sample sizes in GSDs. Because stage-specific information ratios derived from normally distributed data differ from those derived from non-normally distributed data, the former equivalence is invalid when there is a possibility of early stopping. Tarima and Flournoy [3] have proposed a new GSD where interim sample sizes are determined by a pre-defined sequence of ordered alternative hypotheses, and the calculation of information fractions is not needed. This innovation allows researchers to prescribe interim analyses based on desired power properties. This work compares interim power properties of a classical one-sided three stage Pocock design with a one-sided three stage design driven by three ordered alternatives.
2
Thomases, Drew. "Peace But No Quiet." In Guest is God, 130–58. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190883553.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
The fifth chapter begins with an observation: Pushkar, people say, is a place of peace, of “shanti.” But those who have been to Pushkar know that it is not a quiet place. Far from attempting to silence Pushkar’s rich soundscape, locals instead find peace by adding yet more sound to the atmosphere. They do this with songs and sacred words set on speakers and intended to spread shanti throughout the town. Importantly, the power of religious recitation derives not principally from the spiritual messages therein, but rather from the “good vibrations” created by sound itself. But what are these “vibrations”? And why do so many locals refer to them as “vibrations” or “vibes” when Hindi and Sanskrit equivalents abound? In the end, I will argue that Pushkar’s “vibrations” come as much from ancient Sanskrit material as they do from 19th-century American and European metaphysics.