Journal articles: 'Local electrochemical analysis'

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Slepushkin, V. V., Yu V. Rublinetskaya, and B. M. Stifatov. "Local electrochemical surface analysis." Journal of Analytical Chemistry 60, no. 2 (February 2005): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00021912.

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Slepushkin, V. V., Yu V. Rublinetskaya, and B. M. Stifatov. "Local electrochemical surface analysis." Journal of Analytical Chemistry 60, no. 2 (February 2005): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10809-005-0002-4.

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Slepushkin, V. V., Yu V. Rublinetskaya, and B. M. Stifatov. "Local electrochemical surface analysis." Journal of Analytical Chemistry 60, no. 2 (February 2005): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10809-005-0030-0.

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Slepushkin, V. V., B. M. Stifatov, Yu V. Rublinetskaya, and E. O. Il’inykh. "Devices for local electrochemical analysis (Review)." Inorganic Materials 47, no. 14 (November 20, 2011): 1551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020168511140214.

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Jorcin, Jean-Baptiste, Mark E. Orazem, Nadine Pébère, and Bernard Tribollet. "CPE analysis by local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy." Electrochimica Acta 51, no. 8-9 (January 2006): 1473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2005.02.128.

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Krawiec, H., V. Vignal, O. Heintz, P. Ponthiaux, and F. Wenger. "Local Electrochemical Studies and Surface Analysis on Worn Surfaces." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 155, no. 3 (2008): C127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2830954.

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Costa de Castro Santana, Jéssica Cristina, Rejane Maria Pereira da Silva, Renato Altobelli Antunes, and Sydney Ferreira Santos. "Surface Analysis, Microstructural Characterization and Local Corrosion Processes in Decarburized SAE 9254 Spring Steel." Corrosion 75, no. 12 (October 3, 2019): 1474–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3234.

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The aim of the present work was to study the surface chemistry, microstructure, and local corrosion processes at the decarburized layer of the SAE 9254 automotive spring steel. The samples were austenitized at 850°C and 900°C, and oil quenched. The microstructure was investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The surface chemistry was analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization were used to assess the global corrosion behavior of the decarburized samples. Scanning electrochemical microscopy was used to evaluate the influence of decarburization on the local corrosion activity. Microstructural characterization and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicate a dependence of the local electrochemical processes with the steel microconstituents and Si oxides in the decarburized layer.

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LEGAT, ANDRAŽ, and EDVARD GOVEKAR. "DETECTION OF CORROSION BY ANALYSIS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL NOISE." Fractals 02, no. 02 (June 1994): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x94000259.

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Stochastic fluctuations of the corrosion potential and the current generated by corrosion reactions are known as electrochemical noise. These fluctuations can be measured in freely corroding systems, therefore the characteristics of electrochemical noise are influenced only by the type and rate of corrosion. The classical spectral analysis of electrochemical noise in the frequency domain achieve good correlation to corrosion rate and type; however, the chaotic nature of corrosion processes requires different mathematical treatment. In this paper self-similarity and fractal dimensions of electrochemical noise are examined in order to explain its mechanism and improve the corrosion monitoring system. Capacity and correlation fractal dimensions of voltage and current-noise, measured on various metals, are calculated and compared to the results of the classical spectral analysis. Relations between different rates and types of corrosion (passivation, local, uniform) and the fractal characteristics of electrochemical noise are established. The analysis of spontaneous electrochemical voltage and current fluctuations is confirmed as a rich source of information in corrosion processes.

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Kim, Soojeong, Shaohua Fang, Zhengxi Zhang, Jizhang Chen, Li Yang, James E. Penner-Hahn, and Aniruddha Deb. "The electrochemical and local structural analysis of the mesoporous Li4Ti5O12 anode." Journal of Power Sources 268 (December 2014): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.06.018.

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Vasilevich Slepushkin, Vyacheslav, Boris Mikhailovich Stifatov, Sergei Borisovich Stifatov, and Irina Alexandrovna Tikhonova. "Quality control of coatings with the help of local electrochemical analysis." Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 3, no. 4 (May 3, 1999): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100080050152.

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Rublinetskaya, Yu V., E. O. Il’inykh, and V. V. Slepushkin. "A standardless method for the local electrochemical analysis of homogeneous alloys." Journal of Analytical Chemistry 66, no. 1 (January 2011): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1061934810111024.

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SMULKO, JANUSZ. "METHODS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL NOISE ANALYSIS FOR INVESTIGATION OF CORROSION PROCESSES." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 06, no. 02 (June 2006): R1—R9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477506003252.

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Electrochemical corrosion processes can be investigated by observation of charge flows between the electrolyte and the corroding metal. Usually, the charge flows are observed as spontaneous current and voltage fluctuations (electrochemical noise) in a three-electrode setup. Different types of corrosion processes can be recognized by electrochemical noise analysis. Uniform corrosion rate can be evaluated by estimation of polarization resistance between the metal and electrolyte. Local corrosion events (breakdowns of the passive layer) that produce characteristic transients observed in noise can be detected as well. Different methods of electrochemical noise analysis are presented in a brief review. The limitations and advantages of the proposed methods for corrosion monitoring and research are underlined. The experimental results are also discussed.

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Krawiec, Halina. "Application of the Electrochemical Microcell Technique in Solid State Surface Analysis." Solid State Phenomena 227 (January 2015): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.549.

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In the two last decades, the Electrochemical Microcell Technique (EMT) was used in various electrochemical surface investigations. The diameter of microcapillaries was in the range between few and few hundred microns. This technique was commonly used in corrosion research. Indeed, metallic alloys exhibit a complex microstructure consisting of different metallic and intermetallic phases, inclusions, precipitates... The use of microcapillaries based techniques like EMT makes possible to perform local electrochemical measurements in individual phases. Therefore, it was possible to get information about the behavior of a single grain, inclusion, precipitate... From these information, precursor sites can be identified and criteria leading to corrosion can be proposed.

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NAGASAKA, Masanari, Takuji OHIGASHI, and Nobuhiro KOSUGI. "Local Structure Analysis of Electrochemical Reaction by Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy." Bunseki kagaku 64, no. 3 (2015): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.64.163.

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Elliott, Joseph R., and Richard G. Compton. "Local diffusion indicators: A new tool for analysis of electrochemical mass transport." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 908 (March 2022): 116114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116114.

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Rublinetskaya, Yu V., E. O. Il’inykh, and V. V. Slepushkin. "A standard-free method for the local electrochemical analysis of heterogeneous alloys." Journal of Analytical Chemistry 64, no. 5 (May 2009): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106193480905013x.

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Sun, Xue Tong, Liang Guo, Xian Shuai Chen, Jiang Lin Ouyang, Chun Yu Zhang, Jian Yu Chen, and Ru Xu Du. "Novel Approach to Studying Local Electrochemical Processes Inside Cavities." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.105.

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Distributions of the electrode information within cavities are much more complex than simulation results. In this paper, a novel set of experiments scanning real potential variations inside cavities under current control were employed to characterize local electrochemical information. Wide variation-fluctuations of electrode potentials have been experimentally revealed. Furthermore, combined with the theoretical analysis and measurement results, kinetic parameters range inside cavities can be indirectly derived.

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Stifatov, B. M., E. Y. Moshchenskaya, and Yu V. Rublinetskaya. "A novelty in local electrochemical analysis with a pressing sensor cell (a review)." Аналитика и контроль 28, no. 1 (2024): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2024.28.1.001.

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Local electrochemical analysis (LEA) with a pressure cell-sensor (CSC) is based on electrodecrystallization of the material studied (metal, alloy, powder composition, semiconductor structures, etc.) in an area limited by the size of the hole in the graphite CSC filled with the appropriate electrolyte, and recording the dissolution current strength. The selected surface of the analyzed material or product is the working electrode, and the graphite body of the cell or a special electrode inserted into the inert body of the cell is the counter electrode. Choice of the electrolyte and dissolution mode determines the possibility of using LEA with CSC for studying thickness of the layer, surface composition or the distribution of the composition over the thickness of the material layer in the controlled area, with a diameter of 1–2 mm. Design of the CSC and methods of its application were developed in the 60s of the last century by a team of authors from Kuibyshev Polytechnical Institute (now SamSTU) for coulometric control of monolayer metal coatings on watch cases, which resulted in the corresponding requirements to the size of the cell body and its contact hole. Subsequent studies showed possibility of using LEA with CSC for controlling thickness of multilayer metal coatings with individual metals on various products, composition of binary alloy coatings by selective dissolution of their components in a potentiodynamic mode, as well as powders and powder compositions pressed into a pellet electrode, control of the distribution profile of the alloying impurity in silicon epitaxial structures, thickness of oxide films, phase composition of metal alloy samples and a number of other application parameters. The present work provides an overview of advances in the development of theory, methodology, tools and practical applications of local electrochemical analysis over the last decade.

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AKKAŞ, Tuğba, and Mustafa ŞEN. "A Homemade Electrochemical System for Local Analysis of Dopamine Released by PC12 Cells." International Conference on Applied Engineering and Natural Sciences 1, no. 1 (July 21, 2023): 650–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/icaens.1073.

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Dopamine (DA) is a catecholamine-based neurotransmitter that functions in synaptic communication between cells. Imbalance in the amount of DA can cause many diseases ranging from Parkinson's disease to depression. In this study, local electrochemical measurement of DA released by PC12 cells after chemical stimulation was performed. First, the production of needle-tipped carbon-fibermicroelectrodes was carried out by micropulling method. Carbon-fiber electrodes are frequently used for effective and high sensitivity detection of dopamine. Afterwards, cell clusters of PC12 cells were obtainedfor measurement of DA release. For the measurement process, a microcontroller unit integrated to a invertedmicroscope was used to precisely position the needle-tipped electrodes. DA release was successfully measured as a result of chemical stimulation with K+ions. Basically, a homemade system was developed to analyze DA release triggered by chemical or physical stimuli.

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Fernandez, Francisco, Sergio Alexis Paz, Manuel Otero, Daniel Barraco, and Ezequiel P. M. Leiva. "Characterization of amorphous LixSi structures from ReaxFF via accelerated exploration of local minima." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 31 (2021): 16776–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp02216d.

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Computer simulations of Si–Li amorphous alloys of interest for electrochemical experiments are performed. Accelerated exploration of local minima allows the analysis of structures in different compositions.

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Bianchi, Fiammetta Rita, Roberto Spotorno, Paolo Piccardo, and Barbara Bosio. "Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Performance Analysis through Local Modelling." Catalysts 10, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10050519.

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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) are an emerging technology among different fuel cell types since they are successfully used in stationary cogeneration units to produce heat and electricity. Different scale applications are proposed as alternative energy sources for residential usage and industrial power plants, reducing the greenhouse gas emissions which characterize fossil-fuel-based processes. Their spread is favoured by the development of proper simulation tools that allow system design optimization and control in real-time operations. For this purpose, model building and validation, through comparison with experimental observations, are fundamental steps to guarantee the simulation validity. A single-anode-supported planar SOFC with two possible cathodic current collector designs is tested in common operating conditions, evaluating the performance through EIS analysis and characteristic curves. These provide a preliminary validation for the proposed 2D steady state simulation code. This model, implemented in Fortran, makes it possible to forecast the main SOFC local properties on both the anodic and cathodic sides. The key point of the code is the electrochemical kinetics, based on a semi-empirical approach where requested parameters, derived from fitting of experimental results, are introduced in physically based equations. In this way, the influence of specific cell design on system performance is evaluated.

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Abdulmutaali, Ahmed, Yang Hou, Chris Aldrich, and Katerina Lepkova. "An Online Monitoring Approach of Carbon Steel Corrosion via the Use of Electrochemical Noise and Wavelet Analysis." Metals 14, no. 1 (January 5, 2024): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14010066.

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In this study, carbon steel was examined under different corrosive conditions using electrochemical noise (EN) as the primary method of investigation. The corroded carbon steel surfaces were examined using 3D profilometry to gather information about localized defects (pits). A post-EN analysis approach was used using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) method, which emphasizes the necessity of employing wavelet analysis as a quantitative analysis approach for electrochemical noise. A well-established approach to extract features from wavelet scalogram images, based on the concept of local binary patterns (LBPs), was used to extract features from these wavelet images. The results demonstrated that electrochemical noise associated with wavelet transform analysis, particularly wavelet scalograms, is an effective tool for monitoring the localized corrosion of carbon steel.

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Chiba, J., S. Aoki, J. Yamamoto, S. Iwai, and M. Inouye. "Deformable nature of various damaged DNA duplexes estimated by an electrochemical analysis on electrodes." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 76 (2014): 11126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc04513k.

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Klocke, Fritz, Simon Harst, Lisa Ehle, Markus Zeis, and Andreas Klink. "Surface integrity in electrochemical machining processes: An analysis on material modifications occurring during electrochemical machining." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 232, no. 4 (April 21, 2017): 578–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405417703422.

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In contrast to most other manufacturing technologies, in electrochemical machining processes only slight changes in material characteristics in the rim zone of workpieces are stated in the literature. Due to the physical active principle, no thermo-mechanically induced phase changes or the evolution of a so-called white layer were ever observed. Aside of this fact, a not inconsiderable number of smaller modifications in the rim zone were found in the past. The most common effects occurring during electrochemical machining are the generation of a passive layer on the surface by changing the local chemical composition of the material, the selective dissolution of one metallic phase, or the occurrence of flow marks. Consequently, the last two effects also change the surface roughness as the marks and dissolved phases represent ditches in the surface. Therefore, in this article, material modifications occurring during electrochemical machining are presented. Their influence on the surface integrity is exemplarily analyzed for the heat-treatable steel 42CrMo4. In addition, first steps for a correlation of material loadings that promote these changes, the so-called process signature, are made. Based on this, the influence of different machining parameters can be compared to set up rim zone properties purposefully.

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Ramírez-Minguela, José, Juan Mendoza-Miranda, José Rodríguez-Muñoz, Vicente Pérez-García, Jorge Alfaro-Ayala, and Agustin Uribe-Ramírez. "Entropy generation analysis of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell by Computational Fluid Dynamics: Influence of electrochemical model and its parameters." Thermal Science 22, no. 1 Part B (2018): 577–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci151221127r.

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The aim of this paper is to evaluate numerically the effect of varying the electrochemical model and its parameters on the performance and entropy generation of a mono-block-layer build (MOLB) type geometry of a solid oxide fuel cell. Particularly, the influence of the exchange of current density, the electrical conductivity of the electrodes and the electrolyte has been studied and the prediction of the thermodynamic irreversibility by means of an entropy generation analysis is considered. The numerical analysis consider a 3-D CFD model that takes into account the mass transfer, heat transfer, species transport, and electrochemical reactions. Several numerical simulations were performed and each contribution to the local entropy generation rate was computed. The results show different trends of the current density, temperature, species, activation loss, ohmic loss, and concentration loss along the fuel cell. Also, the results show strong variations of the local and global entropy generation rates between the cases analyzed. It is possible to conclude that the fuel cell performance and the prediction of thermodynamic irreversibility can be significantly affected by the choice of the electrochemical models and its parameters, which must be carefully selected.

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Luo, Aileen, Oleg Yu Gorobtsov, Jocienne N. Nelson, Ding-Yuan Kuo, Tao Zhou, Ziming Shao, Ryan Bouck, et al. "X-ray nano-imaging of defects in thin film catalysts via cluster analysis." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 15 (October 10, 2022): 153904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0125268.

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Functional properties of transition-metal oxides strongly depend on crystallographic defects; crystallographic lattice deviations can affect ionic diffusion and adsorbate binding energies. Scanning x-ray nanodiffraction enables imaging of local structural distortions across an extended spatial region of thin samples. Yet, localized lattice distortions remain challenging to detect and localize using nanodiffraction, due to their weak diffuse scattering. Here, we apply an unsupervised machine learning clustering algorithm to isolate the low-intensity diffuse scattering in as-grown and alkaline-treated thin epitaxially strained SrIrO3 films. We pinpoint the defect locations, find additional strain variation in the morphology of electrochemically cycled SrIrO3, and interpret the defect type by analyzing the diffraction profile through clustering. Our findings demonstrate the use of a machine learning clustering algorithm for identifying and characterizing hard-to-find crystallographic defects in thin films of electrocatalysts and highlight the potential to study electrochemical reactions at defect sites in operando experiments.

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Yassine, Sarah, Robert Lacasse, Pierre-Antony Deschênes, Myriam Brochu, and Janine Mauzeroll. "Influence of Crack Tip Plasticity on the Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of CA6NM Stainless Steel Measured Using Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy (SECCM)." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 18 (August 28, 2023): 1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01181480mtgabs.

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The existence of cracks within ductile materials such as stainless steel induces local plasticity around the crack tip that may cause local changes in the microstructure. Although the plastic deformation and microstructural heterogeneities are expected to influence the electrochemistry of the area around the crack tip, few are the studies that correlate the factors- strain and corrosion- together. In this work, we analyze the corrosion behavior of pre-cracked CA6NM compact tension stainless steel samples taking into consideration the variations in the microstructure resulting from the local plasticity at the tip of a crack. Multiple surface microstructure analysis are obtained to characterize the surface properties of the plastic zone. The localized corrosion behavior around the crack tip is studied using the scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) technique. The acquired micro open circuit potential (OCP) and micro potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) curves were used to generate corrosion potential and corrosion current maps of the scanned area. The electrochemical behavior of the crack tip was compared with that in the un-deformed area of the same sample. The ability to conduct direct electrochemical measurements at microscopic scale through SECCM allows to correlate the localized corrosion behavior to the microstructure analysis obtained before. This work paves the avenue to studying the synergistic effect of fatigue damage on the local corrosion behavior through monitoring both simultaneously.

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Vignal, V., H. Krawiec, O. Heintz, and R. Oltra. "The use of local electrochemical probes and surface analysis methods to study the electrochemical behaviour and pitting corrosion of stainless steels." Electrochimica Acta 52, no. 15 (April 2007): 4994–5001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.01.079.

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Jürgensen, Jens, and Michael Pohl. "Local Hydrogen Measurements in Multi-Phase Steel C60E by Means of Electrochemical Microcapillary Cell Technique." Metals 13, no. 9 (September 12, 2023): 1585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13091585.

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By utilizing hydrogen as an eco-friendly energy source, many metals are exposed to gaseous (pressurized) hydrogen. High-strength steels with an ultimate tensile strength of 800 MPa and above are especially susceptible to hydrogen-induced fracturing, also referred to as hydrogen embrittlement (HE). Both the microstructure and phase fractions within the steel, as well as lattice distortion, carbide precipitation, residual stress, etc., significantly affect the susceptibility to HE. Among others, one important cause for this observation is found in the locally varying hydrogen solubility within different microstructural phases such as martensite, bainite, pearlite, and ferrite. Both a thorough understanding of the HE mechanisms and taking countermeasures in the form of alloying design require an accurate analysis of local diffusive hydrogen concentrations within the material. Thermal analysis methods such as Thermal Desorption Mass Spectrometry only display an integral hydrogen concentration throughout the whole sample volume. To analyze the local diffusive hydrogen concentration, novel measuring techniques with a high special resolution must therefore be utilized. The current research presents first-of-its-kind hydrogen analyses by means of the electrochemical microcapillary cell. Using a 10 µm tip opening diameter allows for conducting local diffusive hydrogen measurements within individual grains of multi-phase carbon steel C60E (1.1221). The results confirm that hydrogen is distributed heterogeneously within multi-phase steels. Considering the individual phase fractions and the respective local diffusive hydrogen concentrations, a total diffusive hydrogen concentration can be calculated. The obtained value is in good agreement with reference thermal hydrogen analyses. Our results suggest that electrochemical microcapillary cell measurements offer great potential for further studies, which will provide a better understanding of HE and local hydrogen accumulation.

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Yamaguchi, Akira. "(Digital Presentation) Hydrothermal Electrodeposition of Molybdenum Sulfide Toward Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction Catalysts." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 37 (August 28, 2023): 2202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01372202mtgabs.

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The search and development of efficient carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction reaction electrocatalysts is a hot topic in this era of global warming. Among material candidates for sustainable and cost−effective applications, metal sulfides have attracted attention as promising nature-inspired materials due to multiple adsorption sites which are enhanced by the covalent character of sulfur. Molybdenum sulfides (MoS2) is one of the trandition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and possesses three kinds of struture; namely, metastable octahedral structure with high electronic conductivity (1T), stable triangular prism structure with low electronic conductivity (2H) and insulating rhombohedral structure (3R). Among them, 1T phase has been widely applied as catalysts for various reactions such as electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction and electro/photochemical hydrogen evolution reaction. Since the structure of MoS2 largely affect its catalytic and other material property, synthetic process to control their bulk and even local structure should be explored to expand their availability as functional materials. Especially, our previous work (J. Phys. Chem.C, 126, 2772, 2022) demonstrated that metal-sufur bonding length is one of the key parameter to control carbon monoxide production selectivity from electrochemical CO2 reduction. Here in this work, hydrothermal electrodeposition was applied to MoS2 synthesis to control their local structure. Recently, our group developed hydrothermal electrochemical flow reactor which enables the electrochemistry under hydrothermal condition with separate control of temperature and pressure. Using this reactor, hydrothermal electrodeposition of manganese oxides (MnO2) was conducted and samples exhibited higher electrochemical oxygen evolution activity than ones prepared with conventional methods. Also, the characterization results of electrodeposited MnO2 under hydrothermal condition showed the possiblity that morphology and lattice spacing can be controled by changing deposition temperature and pressure, respectively. Thus, we predicted our hydrothermal electrodeposition technique is useful to control the local structure of materials. The hydrothermal electrodeposition of MoS2 were conducted under various temperature and pressure conditions and those samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD). Also, the effect of the deposition temperature and pressure on sample local structure was examined with Pair Disribution Function analysis of XRD and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure analysis using synchrotron radiation. The electrochemical CO2 reduction experiments using hydrothermally depositted MoS2 samples revealed that the product selectivity for CO2 reduction was changed with deposition pressure. Thus, we confirmed that our hydrothermal electrochemical deposition can be applicable to the synthesis of metal sulfide-based CO2 reduction electrocatalysts, whose local structures are tuned.

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Bedova, Eugenia V., Margarita V. Grechkina, and Oleg A. Kozaderov. "LOCAL PARAMETERS OF THE SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF ELECTROCHEMICALLY DEALLOYED Ag-Pd ALLOYS." Конденсированные среды и межфазные границы 20, no. 4 (December 13, 2018): 545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2018.20/627.

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Local characteristics of surface roughness of the polycrystalline Ag-Pd solid solutions (4 and 8 at. % Pd) which underwent potentiostatic electrochemical dealloying in an acidic nitrate aqueous solution were determined by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. A qualitative analysis of the SEM and AFM micrographs demonstrated substantial morphological roughening of the surface of Ag-Pd alloys. This results from the formation of hollows and cracks caused by selective leaching of electronegative silver and recrystallization of electropositive palladium into its highly-developed phase. A quantitative analysis of the AFM-data allowed us to determine the numerical values of the main local roughness characteristics of anodically modified alloys. The negative value of the coefficient of surface asymmetry indicates the formation of deep cavities during the dealloying process. The recorded mean roughness generally depends on the AFM-scanning zone, but it stabilizes if the scan zone exceeds several tens of micrometers. The roughness of dealloyed Ag-Pd systems is of micro- and nano-size and increases with anodic potential and electric charge of the electrochemical modification of both studied Ag4Pd and Ag8Pd alloys. This effect can be accounted for by a significant rise in the anodic dissolution rate of silver from the alloys in the overcritical region of polarization, resulting in the formation of deeper surface defects. An increase in the average height of surface irregularities with modification time conforms to the square root law, confirming the non-stationary mass transfer kinetics of the selective dissolution process. Variation of the anodic potential and electric charge makes it possible to find the optimal conditions for the electrochemical synthesis of electrode Ag-Pd materials with given values of arithmetic mean and root-mean-square roughness. The assumption that harmonic sinusoidal function represents the Ag-Pd surface microprofile proved the linear dependence of the roughness factor on dealloying time.

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Lipkin, Mikhail. "DETERMINATION OF SILVER IN MINERALS BY LOCAL ELECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS WITH REPLACEMENT OF THE WORKING ELECTRODE." University News. North-Caucasian Region. Technical Sciences Series, no. 1 (March 2021): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17213/1560-3644-2021-1-63-68.

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Garcia, Mainã Portella, Juliana Sarango de Souza, Carol Glover, Phil Ansell, Geraint Williams, Gerson Luiz Mantovani, Ramachandran Vasant Kumar, and Renato Altobelli Antunes. "Global and Local Corrosion of Welded Joints of High-Strength Low-Alloy Automotive Steel." Corrosion 77, no. 5 (February 21, 2021): 564–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3718.

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Global and local corrosion techniques were used to study the corrosion behavior of weld joints of a high-strength low-alloy steel (LNE500) typically used in the automotive industry in Brazil. The welded joints were prepared by gas metal arc welding. Two welding transfer modes were used to obtain different heat inputs: pulsed (PUL) and cold metal transfer (CMT). Local and global corrosion analysis techniques presented complementary information. While the local in situ analysis (scanning vibrating electrode technique) revealed the weld metal (WM) as the region where corrosion started, conventional electrochemical techniques (potentiodynamic polarization [PP] and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy [EIS]) revealed a higher corrosion rate in the coarse-grained heat affected zone, which was preferentially corroded. A superior corrosion resistance of the WM obtained using CMT over the PUL transfer mode was revealed by EIS and PP. In addition, the results from CMT and PUL samples show that the austenite grain size affects the propagation of the corrosion process. The results are discussed based on microstructural and compositional aspects of the different regions that characterize the welded joints.

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Yang, Fuqiang, Yue Zhang, and Jianzhou Zhang. "Analysis of the Effect of Applied Load on Crevice Corrosion Behavior." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2023 (May 3, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5897980.

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A two-dimensional numerical model incorporating solid mechanics, electrochemistry, mass diffusion, and ion migration processes is developed to investigate the load effect on the crevice corrosion. The model is a transient model of crevice corrosion occurring in cracks of 304 stainless steel in a dilute NaCl solution, and the interaction between stress and electrochemical corrosion was considered. By solving the multiphysical coupling model in COMSOL, the effect of applied load on electrochemical corrosion in the crack tip region was calculated, and the local corrosion current density in the crack tip region with stress concentration within the crack was also calculated by using the Tafel relationship. The distribution of Fe2+ ion, Na+ ion, CL− ion, and H and O2 substance concentrations within the crack cavity is predicted by the equation analysis of substance transport. The results show that metal oxidation is more clearly affected by plastic deformation, the rate of hydrogen evolution reaction increases with stress enhancement, and the oxygen absorption reaction is not affected by stress strain. The distribution of iron ions, hydrogen, and oxygen within the crack is affected by the electrochemical reaction rate, and the distribution of iron ions, sodium ions, and chloride ions is affected by the electrolyte potential.

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Kramar, Vadim, Anna Rodkina, Olga Ivanova, Sergei Chernyi, and Anton Zinchenko. "Analysis Technology and Cathodic Protection for Hull Structures of Ships and Floating Facilities." Inventions 6, no. 4 (October 28, 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions6040074.

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Studies overviewed in the paper have yielded a number of new scientific results including the following: suggested is a technique for conducting experimental investigations of electrochemical characteristics of hull structures of ships and floating facilities on the juvenile surface under cathodic polarization in a test seawater solution with the use of the test facility developed for investigating electrochemical characteristics of hull structures of ships and floating facilities on the juvenile surface under cathodic polarization; obtained are the results of laboratory experiments on various shipbuilding steels without surface oxide films in test seawater solutions with a widely ranging salinity spectrum; developed is a neural network-based technique for predicting the protection potential of ships and floating facilities from local corrosion mechanical damages; developed is an algorithm for obtaining the protective potential for hull structures of ships and floating facilities; suggested is a method of protecting hull structures of ships and floating facilities by means of cathodic polarization from local corrosion mechanical damages at the potential of the uncharged surface on the juvenile surface of steel; revealed are beneficial effects of using cathodic polarization by impressed current at the potential of the uncharged surface on the juvenile surface of steel which allow the prolongation of the service life of hull structures of ships and floating facilities.

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Vynnycky, M., and N. Ipek. "Reaction-layer asymptotics and the electrochemical pickling of steel." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 467, no. 2133 (March 23, 2011): 2534–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2011.0001.

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Asymptotic methods are used to explore the role of one of the homogeneous chemical reactions, water protolysis, in a recent numerical model for the electrochemical pickling of steel. The analysis helps to interpret the somewhat surprising results of the original numerical model: that the local current density profile at the pickled strip does not depend on whether the water protolysis reaction is included in the model or not. The analysis also gives a useful systematic approach for determining qualitative estimates for the width of reaction boundary layers at cell electrodes, which can be of help when designing a computational mesh for the numerical solution of electrochemical models that have such layers.

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Conzuelo, Felipe, Albert Schulte, and Wolfgang Schuhmann. "Biological imaging with scanning electrochemical microscopy." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 474, no. 2218 (October 2018): 20180409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2018.0409.

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Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a powerful and versatile technique for visualizing the local electrochemical activity of a surface as an ultramicroelectrode tip is moved towards or over a sample of interest using precise positioning systems. In comparison with other scanning probe techniques, SECM not only enables topographical surface mapping but also gathers chemical information with high spatial resolution. Considerable progress has been made in the analysis of biological samples, including living cells and immobilized biomacromolecules such as enzymes, antibodies and DNA fragments. Moreover, combinations of SECM with complementary analytical tools broadened its applicability and facilitated multi-functional analysis with extended life science capabilities. The aim of this review is to present a brief topical overview on recent applications of biological SECM, with particular emphasis on important technical improvements of this surface imaging technique, recommended applications and future trends.

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Sturm, J., S. Friedrich, S. Genies, D. Buzon, Rahn-Koltermann G., A. Rheinfeld, and Jossen A. "Experimental Analysis of Short-Circuit Scenarios Applied to Silicon-Graphite/Nickel-Rich Lithium-Ion Batteries." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 020569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac51f3.

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Short-circuit incidents pose a severe safety threat to lithium-ion batteries during lifetime. Understanding the underlying electrochemical behavior can help to mitigate safety risks. The electrochemically-caused rate-limiting behavior is analyzed using a quasi-isothermal test-bench, where external and local short-circuit conditions are applied to single-layered pouch cells (<50 mAh). The cell voltage, the heat generation rate, and either the short-circuit current or a local electrical potential are measured and used to characterize the short-circuit intensity. The results of 35 custom-built silicon-graphite SiC/NCA and SiC/NMC-811 cells with 2.5 wt.-% silicon are benchmarked to previously studied graphite G/NMC-111 cells. An additional current plateau appears for the silicon-graphite/nickel-rich cells, which is ascribed to the anode-limited electrode balancing. At a maximum, 29% of the total dissipated heat is caused during over-discharge. The effect of cyclic aging on the impact of the short-circuit behavior is investigated with aged single-layered pouch cells (SoH < 80%), which revealed nearly the same levels of over-discharge as non-aged cells. A lithium reference electrode is used to visualize polarization effects in the anode during ESCs and to evaluate the onset of copper dissolution (>3.2 V vs Li/Li+), which could be estimated up to 20% of the negative current collector mass.

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Mullaliu, Angelo, Stéphanie Belin, Lorenzo Stievano, Marco Giorgetti, and Stefano Passerini. "Structural Effects of Anomalous Current Densities on Manganese Hexacyanoferrate for Li-Ion Batteries." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 7573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217573.

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A battery management system (BMS) plays a pivotal role in providing optimal performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the eventual malfunction of the BMS may lead to safety hazards or reduce the remaining useful life of LIBs. Manganese hexacyanoferrate (MnHCF) was employed as the positive electrode material in a Li-ion half-cell and subjected to five cycles at high current densities (10 A gMnHCF−1) and to discharge at 0.1 A gMnHCF−1, instead of classical charge/discharge cycling with initial positive polarization at 0.01 A gMnHCF−1, to simulate a current sensor malfunctioning and to evaluate the electrochemical and structural effects on MnHCF. The operando set of spectra at the Mn and Fe K-edges was further analyzed through multivariate curve resolution analysis with an alternating least squares algorithm (MCR–ALS) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy to investigate the structural modifications arising during cycling after the applied electrochemical protocol. The coulombic efficiency in the first cycle was dramatically affected; however, the local structural environment around each photo absorber recovered during charging. The identification of an additional spectral contribution in the electrochemical process was achieved through MCR-ALS analysis, and the Mn-local asymmetry was thoroughly explored via EXAFS analysis.

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Bussetti, Gianlorenzo, Marco Menegazzo, Sergei Mitko, Chiara Castiglioni, Matteo Tommasini, Andrea Lucotti, Luca Magagnin, et al. "A Combined Raman Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy System for In Situ and Real-Time Measures in Electrochemical Cells." Materials 16, no. 6 (March 10, 2023): 2239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16062239.

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An innovative and versatile set-up for in situ and real time measures in an electrochemical cell is described. An original coupling between micro-Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy enables one to collect data on opaque electrodes. This system allows for the correlation of topographic images with chemical maps during the charge exchange occurring in oxidation/reduction processes. The proposed set-up plays a crucial role when reactions, both reversible and non-reversible, are studied step by step during electrochemical reactions and/or when local chemical analysis is required.

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Alikin, Slautin, Abramov, Rosato, Shur, Tselev, and Kholkin. "Correlative Confocal Raman and Scanning Probe Microscopy in the Ionically Active Particles of LiMn2O4 Cathodes." Materials 12, no. 9 (April 30, 2019): 1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091416.

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In this contribution, a correlative confocal Raman and scanning probe microscopy approach was implemented to find a relation between the composition, lithiation state, and functional electrochemical response in individual micro-scale particles of a LiMn2O4 spinel in a commercial Li battery cathode. Electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM) was implemented both at a low-frequency (3.5 kHz) and in a high-frequency range of excitation (above 400 kHz). It was shown that the high-frequency ESM has a significant cross-talk with topography due to a tip-sample electrostatic interaction, while the low-frequency ESM yields a response correlated with distributions of Li ions and electrochemically inactive phases revealed by the confocal Raman microscopy. Parasitic contributions into the electromechanical response from the local Joule heating and flexoelectric effect were considered as well and found to be negligible. It was concluded that the low-frequency ESM response directly corresponds to the confocal Raman microscopy data. The analysis implemented in this work is an important step towards the quantitative measurement of diffusion coefficients and ion concentration via strain-based scanning probe microscopy methods in a wide range of ionically active materials.

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Zinovicius, A., J. Rozene, G. Dirma, L. Striska, S. Stankaitis, and I. Morkvenaite-Vilkonciene. "Evaluation of oxygen consumption at biologically active surfaces using scanning electrochemical microscopy." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1239, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1239/1/012007.

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Abstract Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a local electrochemical analysis technique, which performs scanning of the sample by ultramicroelectrode (UME) [1]. The result of measurement usually is current, which depends on the electrochemical properties of the surface of interest. The errors can be observed if UME geometry is not ideal [2,3]. This happens after UME polishing or breaking after contact with the sample surface. And the aim of this research was to evaluate oxygen consumption at biologically active surfaces using scanning electrochemical microscopy. That is why the oxygen consumption at the surface of interest with UME of different geometry was evaluated in this work. The model results were compared with experimental data. The computational experiment was performed with the SECM model using diffusion equations in the COMSOL program. This model could be further improved to measure diffusion rates with different probe geometries and coefficients.

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Li, Jizhou, Nikhil Sharma, Zhisen Jiang, Yang Yang, Federico Monaco, Zhengrui Xu, Dong Hou, et al. "Dynamics of particle network in composite battery cathodes." Science 376, no. 6592 (April 29, 2022): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abm8962.

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Improving composite battery electrodes requires a delicate control of active materials and electrode formulation. The electrochemically active particles fulfill their role as energy exchange reservoirs through interacting with the surrounding conductive network. We formulate a network evolution model to interpret the regulation and equilibration between electrochemical activity and mechanical damage of these particles. Through statistical analysis of thousands of particles using x-ray phase contrast holotomography in a LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 -based cathode, we found that the local network heterogeneity results in asynchronous activities in the early cycles, and subsequently the particle assemblies move toward a synchronous behavior. Our study pinpoints the chemomechanical behavior of individual particles and enables better designs of the conductive network to optimize the utility of all the particles during operation.

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DelaTorre, Azahara, Gabriele Mancini, and Angela Pistoia. "Sign-Changing Solutions for the One-Dimensional Non-Local sinh-Poisson Equation." Advanced Nonlinear Studies 20, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 739–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ans-2020-2103.

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AbstractWe study the existence of sign-changing solutions for a non-local version of the sinh-Poisson equation on a bounded one-dimensional interval I, under Dirichlet conditions in the exterior of I. This model is strictly related to the mathematical description of galvanic corrosion phenomena for simple electrochemical systems. By means of the finite-dimensional Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction method, we construct bubbling families of solutions developing an arbitrarily prescribed number sign-alternating peaks. With a careful analysis of the limit profile of the solutions, we also show that the number of nodal regions coincides with the number of blow-up points.

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Caixeta-Neta, Antonia, Gabriela C. Ribeiro, Kamila P. De Amorim, and Leonardo S. Andrade. "Electrochemical determination of thiabendazole pesticide extracted and preconcentrated from tomato samples by cloud point extraction." Analytical Methods 12, no. 48 (2020): 5823–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ay01918f.

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Prasert, Kittiya, and Thana Sutthibutpong. "Unveiling the Fundamental Mechanisms of Graphene Oxide Selectivity on the Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine, and Uric Acid by Density Functional Theory Calculations and Charge Population Analysis." Sensors 21, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 2773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082773.

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The selectivity of electrochemical sensors to ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) remains an open challenge in the field of biosensing. In this study, the selective mechanisms for detecting AA, DA, and UA molecules on the graphene and graphene oxide substrates were illustrated through the charge population analysis from the density functional theory (DFT) calculation results. Our substrate models contained the 1:10 oxygen per carbon ratio of reduced graphene oxide, and the functionalized configurations were selected according to the formation energy. Geometry optimizations were performed for the AA, DA, and UA on the pristine graphene, epoxy-functionalized graphene, and hydroxyl-functionalized graphene at the DFT level with vdW-DF2 corrections. From the calculations, AA was bound to both epoxy and hydroxyl-functionalized GO with relatively low adsorption energy, while DA was adsorbed stronger to the electronegative epoxy groups. The strongest adsorption of UA to both functional groups corresponded to the largest amount of electron transfer through the pi orbitals. Local electron loss created local electric fields that opposed the electron transfer during an oxidation reaction. Our analysis agreed with the results from previous experimental studies and provided insight into other electrode modifications for electrochemical sensing.

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Wenger, F., and J. Galland. "Analysis of local corrosion of large metallic structures or reinforced concrete structures by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)." Electrochimica Acta 35, no. 10 (October 1990): 1573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(90)80012-d.

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Jun, Jiheon, Seungjin Nam, Ryan Ott, and Michael Kesler. "Corrosion Analysis of Al-Ce-X Cast Alloys in Dilute Boric Acid and 3.5 Wt.% NaCl Solutions." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 11 (October 9, 2022): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0211726mtgabs.

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New compositions of Al-Ce-X cast alloys have been developed to offer higher material performances than the conventional Al alloys for nuclear and other industrial applications. To assess the corrosion behavior of these new Al-Ce-X alloys, mass change measurements and electrochemical analysis were conducted using 0.23 wt.% boric acid solution, relevant to the water chemistry for the storage pool of spent nuclear fuels, and a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution approximating sea water. Pre- and Post-corrosion Al alloy specimens were characterized by electron microscope systems including SEM, TEM and EDS. The initial electrochemical and mass change results suggest that Al-Ce-X alloys are resistant to corrosion in 0.23 wt.% boric acid but can be susceptible to corrosion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The initial characterization of post-corrosion samples indicated that one Al-Ce-X alloy type experiences uniform corrosion without any preferential or local attacks. Further corrosion analysis and characterization are underway for comprehensive understanding of corrosion phenomenon in these new alloys.

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Lin, Nan, Fridolin Röder, and Ulrike Krewer. "Multiphysics Modeling for Detailed Analysis of Multi-Layer Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells." Energies 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 2998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112998.

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Multiphysics modeling permits a detailed investigation of complex physical interactions and heterogeneous performance in multiple electro-active layers of a large-format Li-ion cell. For this purpose, a novel 3D multiphysics model with high computational efficiency was developed to investigate detailed multiphysics heterogeneity in different layers of a large-format pouch cell at various discharge rates. This model has spatial distribution and temporal evolution of local electric current density, solid lithium concentration and temperature distributions in different electro-active layers, based on a real pouch cell geometry. Other than previous models, we resolve the discharge processes at various discharge C-rates, analyzing internal inhomogeneity based on multiple electro-active layers of a large-format pouch cell. The results reveal that the strong inhomogeneity in multiple layers at a high C-rate is caused by the large heat generation and poor heat dissipation in the direction through the cell thickness. The thermal inhomogeneity also strongly interacts with the local electrochemical and electric performance in the investigated cell.

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Karamov, Dmitriy, and Sergey Perzhabinsky. "Adequacy analysis of electric power systems with wind and solar power stations." E3S Web of Conferences 58 (2018): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185802019.

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We developed a new method of adequacy analysis of electric power systems with wind and solar power stations. There are storage batteries in the electric power system. Various types of storage batteries can be used in electric power systems. They are electrochemical, hydroelectric, heat or air storages. The modelling of wind speed and solar radiation is based on software «Local analysis of environmental parameters and solar radiation». The original combination of modern models of meteorological data processing is used in the software. For adequacy analysis of electric power system, we use nonsingle estimation of electricity sacrifice in random hour. Simulation of random values is carried out by the Monte Carlo method.

Journal articles on the topic 'Local electrochemical analysis'

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