Academic literature on the topic 'Local electrical properties'
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Journal articles on the topic "Local electrical properties"
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A.Yedrissov, A.Alekseev, and B. Ilyassov. "Local electrical properties of PTB7 film." Materials Today: Proceedings 4, no. 3 (2017): 4561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.04.030.
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AL ABED, AMR, NIGEL H. LOVELL, and SOCRATES DOKOS. "Local Heterogeneous Electrical Restitution Properties of Rabbit Atria." Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 27, no. 6 (April 28, 2016): 743–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jce.12968.
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Alekseev, Alexander, Gordon J. Hedley, Alaa Al-Afeef, Oleg A. Ageev, and Ifor D. W. Samuel. "Morphology and local electrical properties of PTB7:PC71BM blends." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 16 (2015): 8706–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta01224d.
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Filipozzi, Laurent, Alain Derré, Jacques Conard, Luc Piraux, and André Marchand. "Local order and electrical properties of boron carbonitride films." Carbon 33, no. 12 (1995): 1747–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(95)00149-7.
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Palm, J., D. Steinbach, and H. Alexander. "Local investigation of the electrical properties of grain boundaries." Materials Science and Engineering: B 24, no. 1-3 (May 1994): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5107(94)90297-6.
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Cajetan, Okolo Chidiebere, Ezechukwu O.A., Olisakwe C.O., Ezendokwelu C.E., and Umunna Chike. "CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTRICAL PORCELAIN INSULATORS FROM LOCAL CLAYS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i1.2015.3050.
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In this thesis, the characterization of electrical porcelain insulators based on local clays has been investigated. Test samples were made by varying the quantities of feldspar and silica required to form a mouldable plastic body with each clay sample. The clay samples were bisque fired which is to 900°C and glazed before it was fired to 1250°C after air-drying. An electrical property such as dielectric strength (breakdown voltage) was determined for each test sample that survived the high temperature. The composition for optimum properties from Ekwulobia and Iva Valley clays each is at composition 3 of 60% clay, 25% feldspar and 15% silica; while for Nawfija clay, the composition for optimum properties was 50% clay, 30% feldspar and 20% silica. Porcelain insulators containing 50-70% clay, 20-30% feldspar and 10-20% silica were found to have requisite properties that make them suitable for domestic production of porcelains insulators from the clay samples studied.
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Sonde, Sushant, Carmelo Vecchio, Filippo Giannazzo, Rositza Yakimova, Emanuele Rimini, and Vito Raineri. "Local Electrical Properties of the 4H-SiC(0001)/Graphene Interface." Materials Science Forum 679-680 (March 2011): 769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.679-680.769.
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Local current transport across graphene/4H-SiC was studied with nanometric scale lateral resolution by Scanning Current Spectroscopy on both graphene grown epitaxially on 4H-SiC(0001) (EG-SiC) and graphene exfoliated from highly oriented pyrolitic graphite and deposited on 4H-SiC(0001) (DG-SiC). The study revealed that the Schottky barrier height (SBH) of EG/4H-SiC(0001) is lowered by ~0.49eV. This is explained in terms of Fermi-level pinning above the Dirac point in EG due to the presence of positively charged states at the interface between Si face of 4H-SiC and carbon-rich buffer layer. Furthermore, Scanning Capacitance Spectroscopy based method allowed evaluating local electron mean free path (lgr) in graphene. lgr in EG-SiC was observed to be, on average, ~0.4 times that in DG-SiC and exhibited large point-to-point variations due to presence of laterally homogeneous positively charged buffer layer at the interface. However, lgr in graphene on SiC was observed to be larger than on standard SiO2 samples (DG-SiO2), which is explained by better dielectric screening of charged impurities and lower surface polar phonon scattering at the graphene/substrate interface.
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Minj, A., D. Cavalcoli, and A. Cavallini. "Structural and local electrical properties of AlInN/AlN/GaN heterostructures." Physica B: Condensed Matter 407, no. 15 (August 2012): 2838–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2011.08.035.
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Chutia, Arunabhiram, Riadh Sahnoun, Ramesh C. Deka, Zhigang Zhu, Hideyuki Tsuboi, Hiromitsu Takaba, and Akira Miyamoto. "Local electronic and electrical properties of functionalized graphene nano flakes." Physica B: Condensed Matter 406, no. 9 (April 2011): 1665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2011.01.012.
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Otani, Niels F., and Robert F. Gilmour, Jr. "Memory Models for the Electrical Properties of Local Cardiac Systems." Journal of Theoretical Biology 187, no. 3 (August 1997): 409–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.1997.0447.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Local electrical properties"
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Houssat, Mohammed. "Nanocomposite electrical insulation : multiscale characterization and local phenomena comprehension." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30211.
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Dans le domaine de l'isolation électrique, il a été démontré que les matériaux hybrides organiques/inorganiques nanocomposites (NC) assurent une nette amélioration de leur fonctionnement à haute température/haute tension et permettent aux systèmes d'isolation électrique de renforcer leurs propriétés diélectriques. Récemment, il a été démontré que certaines modifications des propriétés électriques telles que la permittivité, la rupture diélectrique, la résistance aux décharges partielles ou la durée de vie étaient souvent attribuées à l'interphase nanoparticule/matrice, une région où la présence des nanoparticules modifie les propriétés de la matrice. De plus, des études récentes montrent qu'une fonctionnalisation de la surface des nanoparticules permet une meilleure dispersion dans la matrice hôte. Cette meilleure dispersion affecte la zone d'interphase et joue également un rôle majeur dans l'amélioration des propriétés des nanocomposites. Cependant, le rôle de l'interphase reste théorique et peu de résultats expérimentaux existent pour décrire ce phénomène. Par conséquent, en raison de l'échelle nanométrique de l'interphase, une caractérisation de ses propriétés demeure un défi. Au cours de cette thèse, deux études principales sont menées afin de mieux comprendre la relation structure-propriété dans les polymères nanocomposites. Tout d'abord, la microscopie à force atomique (AFM) est utilisée pour effectuer simultanément des mesures qualitatives et quantitatives de ces zones d'interaction dans le nanocomposite polyimide/nitrure de silicium (PI/Si3N4). Le mode Peak Force Quantitative Nano Mechanical (PF QNM) dérivé de l'AFM révèle la présence de l'interphase en mesurant les propriétés mécaniques (module de Young, déformation ou adhérence). Le mode microscopie à force électrostatique (EFM) est utilisé pour détecter et mesurer la permittivité locale de la matrice et de l'interphases. Par ailleurs, l'objectif de ce travail est de présenter l'effet de la fonctionnalisation de surface des nanoparticules de nitrure de silicium (Si3N4) sur les régions d'interphase. Ces résultats quantitatifs, à la fois mécaniques et électriques, permettent de comparer la dimension et les propriétés des interphase autour des nanoparticules traitées et non traitées. Par conséquent, cette nouvelle approche de caractérisation de cette zone confronte les résultats expérimentaux à des modèles théoriques. Un nouveau modèle basé sur les résultats expérimentaux obtenus est proposé. De plus, la deuxième partie de cette étude présente une caractérisation macroscopique des propriétés et de la rigidité diélectrique des films de polyimide pur, du nanocomposite avec des particules traitées et non traités. Les résultats révèlent le rôle de l'interphase sur la réduction du phénomène de polarisation de l'électrode (PE) dû aux mouvements ioniques surtout à haute température. Pour les nanoparticules non traitées, ces effets sont moins importants en raison de la formation d'agrégats. En revanche, une diminution nette de la PE est obtenue en fonctionnalisant la surface des nanoparticules avec le silane comme agent de couplage. Enfin, la rigidité diélectrique de l'ensemble des échantillons est mesurée et montre une augmentation considérable de la performance diélectrique des nanocomposites à haute température par rapport au PI purIn the electrical insulation field, it was demonstrated that nanocomposite (NC) organic/inorganic hybrid materials assure a distinct improvement of their high temperature/high voltage functioning and allow the electrical insulation to strengthen its dielectric properties. Recently, it was shown that some modifications of the electrical properties such as permittivity, dielectric breakdown, partial discharges resistance or lifetime are often awarded to the nanoparticle/matrix interphase, a region where the presence of the nanoparticle changes the matrix properties. Moreover, recent studies show that the nanoparticle surface functionalization allows a better dispersion of the particles within the host matrix. This better dispersion affects the interphase zone and plays a major role in the nanocomposite properties improvement as well. However, the role of the interphase remains theoretical and few experimental results exist to describe this phenomenon. Accordingly, because of its nanometer scale, the interphase properties characterization remains a challenge. Two main studies are carried out, during this thesis work, that can provide a better understanding of structure-properties relationships in polymer nanocomposite. First, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is employed to make at the same time qualitative and quantitative measurements of these interaction zones within Polyimide/Silicon Nitride (PI/Si3N4) nanocomposite. The Peak Force Quantitative Nano Mechanical (PF QNM) AFM mode reveals the presence of the interphase by measuring mechanical properties (Young modulus, deformation or adhesion). Electrostatic force microscope (EFM) mode is used in order to detect and measure the matrix and interphase local permittivity. Moreover, the aim of this work is to present the effect of the surface functionalization of silicon nitride (Si3N4) nanoparticles on the interphase regions. Mechanical and electrical quantitative results permit comparing the interphase dimension and properties between treated and untreated Si3N4 nanoparticles. As a result, this new approach to characterize the nanocomposite interphase zone using local measurements confronts experimental results with theoretical models. A new model based on the obtained experimental results is proposed. In addition, the second part of this study presents a macroscopic investigation on the dielectric properties and breakdown strength of neat polyimide, untreated and treated nanocomposite films. Results reveal the interphase role on the reduction of the electrode polarization (EP) phenomenon due to ionic movements especially at high temperatures. For untreated nanoparticles, these effects are less important due to the aggregate formation. In contrast, an EP drastic decrease is obtained by functionalizing the nanofiller surface with a silane coupling agent. Finally, the high temperature breakdown strength for all samples is investigated and shows a considerable increase of nanocomposites dielectric performance at high temperature compared to neat PI
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Boumaarouf, Abdelhaq. "Caractérisatiοn par Micrοscοpe à Fοrce Atοmique (AFΜ) des prοpriétés électriques et mécaniques à l'échelle nanοscοpique des cοmpοsants de puissances SiC : nanο SiC." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC261.
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Cette thèse a été consacrée à la caractérisation du carbure de silicium (SiC) pour les applications en électronique de puissance. Les études ont porté sur la caractérisation structurale et électrique locale du polymorphe 4H-SiC. Malgré les avantages du matériau 4H-SiC pour l’utilisation dans l’électronique de puissance (large bande interdite, conductivité thermique élevée, tension de claquage élevée, …), il présente certains inconvénients pour son utilisation dans les dispositifs tels que la relativement faible mobilité des électrons et la densité de pièges élevée à l'interface avec l’oxyde SiO2, ce qui pourrait être également à l’origine des problèmes de fiabilité encore mal connus.L'objectif de cette thèse est la maitrise et l’utilisation des différentes techniques du microscope à force atomique, et notamment le Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy (SSRM) et conductive AFM (c-AFM), afin d’analyser localement les wafers SiC et des transistors à effet de champ à grille métal-oxyde (MOSFET) de composants de commerce.Grâce à ces méthodes, les propriétés topographiques et électriques locales ont été étudiés à la surface d’échantillons monocristallins de SiC. Un des aspects importants a été de comprendre le lien entre l’orientation cristalline de la surface et ses propriétés électroniques. Le phénomène de step bunching à la surface des échantillons lié à la croissance monocristalline résulte en des terrasses et des marches d’orientation variées, dont le développement d’une modélisation statistique a permis d’analyser l’orientation cristalline des marches et mettre en évidence des terrasses avec des caractéristiques de conduction différente.Nous avons également étudié les propriétés électriques locales sur une section transverse d’un MOSFET à base de SiC, en mettant en place la méthodologie pour la visualisation de couches SiC de différent dopage, autant par rapport au type comme au niveau de dopage. Ainsi, il est possible de distinguer les différentes zones constituant le MOSFET et de déterminer le dopage effectif local, ce qui reste difficile avec d’autres techniques basés sur des différences chimiques. De plus, le mécanisme local d’oxydation anodique a été étudié lors des caractérisations par c-AFMThis thesis has been dedicated to the characterization of silicon carbide (SiC) for the applications in power electronics. Our studies have been focused on the local structural and electrical properties of the polymorph 4H-SiC. Although 4H-SiC shows interesting properties for the application in power electronics (large band gap, large thermal conductivity, large breakdown voltage, …), it has certain disadvantages compared with silicon materials, as for example the lower electron mobility and the large trap density at the interface with the oxide layer SiO2, which is probably at the origin of reliability issues still under investigation..The aim of this thesis is to control different techniques based on atomic force microscopy, especially Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy (SSRM) and conductive AFM (c-AFM), in order to study locally SiC wafers and metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) of commercially available devices.Thanks to these methods, the local topographic and electrical properties have been studied on surfaces of monocrystalline SiC samples. One of the important aspects has been to understand the link between the crystalline orientation of the surface and its electronic properties. The step bunching effect on the surface, related to the monocrystalline growth of the samples, results in terraces and risers of different orientation, where the development of a statistical modelisation has allowed to analyze locally the crystalline orientation of the steps ans highlight terraces witch different conduction characteristics.We have also studied the local electrical properties of cross sections of SiC based MOSFETs, by developing a methodology for the visualization of the SiC layers with different doping, both for the doping type and the doping level. We have shown that it is possible to distinguish the different zones constituting the MOSFET ad to determine the local effective doping, which ist still complicated to achieve with other techniques based on the chemical differences. In addition, the local anodic oxidation mechanism was studied during c-AFM characterizations
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Voigt, Tobias [Verfasser], and O. [Akademischer Betreuer] Dössel. "Quantitative MR Imaging of the Electric Properties and Local SAR based on Improved RF Transmit Field Mapping / Tobias Voigt ; Betreuer: O. Dössel." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1184497532/34.
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Thomson, Susmita. "Local feedback regulation of salt & water transport across pumping epithelia : experimental & mathematical investigations in the isolated abdominal skin of Bufo marinus." University of Western Australia. Dept. of Physiology, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0022.
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[Truncated abstract] This study describes the results of a four and a half year investigation examining local regulation of ion transport through pumping epithelial cells. The study focussed on the standard isolated toad skin preparation, made famous by Hans Ussing. Originally, the objective was to perform some simple manipulations on the isolated toad skin, a standard and well-tested epithelial layer, which, according to the literature, was a well-behaved and stable preparation. The purpose of doing these toad skin experiments was to gain familiarity with the experimental techniques, such as measuring the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and the short-circuit current (Isc) across an epithelium. In the process, the experimental information that was obtained was to assist in the development and refinement of a mathematical model of a single pumping epithelial cell . . . Finally, it should be emphasised the toad skin was a convenient tissue model for exploring more general issues such as: (i) how pumping epithelial cells may adjust to changes in the extracellular environment by locally regulating their membrane conductances; (2) how the topology of a cell can influence its function (i.e. the topology can determine whether a cell is optimised for salt transport or water transport). (3) how different cells, with different functions, may be positioned in apposition in a pumping epithelial tissue so that gradients generated by one cell type can be utilised by another. From a broader perspective, it is likely that such issues are also applicable to other pumping epithelia, and ultimately, may assist in understanding how these epithelia function.
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Saxena, Shubham. "Nanolithography on thin films using heated atomic force microscope cantilevers." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-08302006-223629/.
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Wang, Lin. "Carrier profiling of ZnO nanowire structures by scanning capacitance microscopy and scanning spreading resistance microscopy." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI031/document.
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Ce travail de thèse porte sur l'application des techniques Scanning Capacitance Microscopy (SCM) et Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy (SSRM) pour la caractérisation électrique de nanofils de ZnO avec l'objectif d'en déterminer le dopage par profilage des porteurs libres suite à des essais de dopage de type p. Afin de pouvoir utiliser un référentiel planaire nécessaire à ces mesures par sonde locale, un procédé de remplissage par dip-coating et de polissage a été spécialement développé sur des champs de nanofils quasi-verticaux. De plus, dans le but de parvenir à un étalonnage des mesures SCM et SSRM, nous avons conçu et fait fabriquer des échantillons étalons de dopage de type n, contenant des niveaux de Ga en escalier de densité variable de 2×10^17 à 3×10^20 cm^-3. Les mesures sur des coupes transversales de ces deux de structures multicouches ont permis, pour la première fois sur ZnO d'établir un étalonnage des mesures SCM et SSRM et de déterminer le dopage intrinsèque électriquement actif de couches 2D nanométriques, résultat difficilement atteignable par d'autres techniques d'analyse. Des résultats inattendus de concentration résiduelle de porteur de l'ordre de 2×10^18 et 3×10^18 cm^-3 ont été trouvés sur les nanofils de ZnO crus par MOCVD et par CBD respectivement. Outre la caractérisation électrique microscopique des nanofils par SCM et SSRM, des techniques macroscopiques classiques ont été utilisées pour caractériser des assemblées importantes de nanofils de ZnO. L'origine de la difference entre les résultats de deux genres de technique a été discutée. Nous avons aussi étudié les effets des dopages ex-situ par diffusion du phosphore (procédé SOD) et des dopages in situ par incorporation d'antimoine (Sb) pendant la croissance MOCVD. Les résultats majeurs sont obtenus pour l'antimoine, en utilisant des couches ZnO: Sb 2D et des nanofils cœur-coquille ZnO/ZnO: Sb, ou l'hypothèse d'une compensation partielle du dopage n résiduel par un centre accepteur créé par le dopage Sb semble pouvoir être établie raisonnablementBased on atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) and scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM) have demonstrated high efficiency for two dimensional (2D) electrical characterizations of Si semiconductors at nanoscale and then have been extensively employed in Si-based structures/devices before being extended to the study of some other semiconductor materials. However, ZnO, a representative of the third generation semiconductor material, being considered a promising candidate for future devices in many areas, especially in opto-electronic area, has rarely been addressed. Recently, extensive research interests have been attracted by ZnO NWs for future devices such as LED, UV laser and sensor. Therefore, a good understanding of electrical properties of the NWs is in need. In this context, this thesis work is dedicated to the 2D electrical characterization of ZnO NWs with the focus of carrier profiling on this kind of nanostructure in the effort of their p-type doping. For this purpose, a planarization process has been developed for the NWs structure in order to obtain an appropriate sample surface and perform SCM/SSRM measurements on the top of the NWs. For quantitative analysis, Ga doped ZnO multilayer staircase structures were developed serving as calibration samples. Finally, residual carrier concentrations inside the CBD and MOCVD grown ZnO NWs are determined to be around 3×10^18 cm^-3 and 2×10^18 cm^-3, respectively. The results from SCM/SSRM characterization have been compared with that from macroscopic C-V measurements on collective ZnO NWs and the differences are discussed. In addition to carrier profiling on NWs structure, applications of SCM/SSRM on some other ZnO-based nanostructures are also investigated including ZnO:Sb films, ZnO/ZnO:Sb core-shell NWs structure, ZnO/ZnMgO core-multishell coaxial heterostructures
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Wang, Han-Sian, and 王漢賢. "Effect of Local Environment to the Electrical Properties of Mesoscopic Quantum Channels." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50826701668877393112.
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碩士國立交通大學
電子物理系所
102
We have studied the effect of local environment on the electrical properties of gate confined quasi-one-dimensional channels at low temperature. By lithographic technique, six isolated nearby metal gates were fabricated on high mobility GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. The channel width and nearby potential profiles can be varied by individually biasing these metal gates. The temperature of the sample is also easily controlled. This work focused on the response of the electrical properties of the channel to local environmental factors. The observation of quantized conductance secures the quality of each narrow channel. The source-drain spectroscopy demonstrates subband structure and zero bias anomaly notably. Both source-drain spectroscopy and zero bias anomaly are sensitive to temperature, impurities and the shape of narrow channels. The zero bias anomaly peak decreases with increasing temperature. For a channel of a fixed width, a very small conductance peak appears upon varying nearby gates’ voltage ascribing to additional scattering points which arise from accumulated charges of impurities. In the other split gate configuration, we find that electrons would be backscattered due to misaligning subband bottoms of two adjacent quasi-one dimensional channels. The backscattered electrons would interfere with the original current leading to the conductance oscillations by continuously changing the energy levels of the adjacent narrow channel.
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Kun-LinLi and 李昆霖. "Analysis of Structure, Biomechanical, and Electrical Properties on Local Positions of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11201587490966015120.
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碩士國立成功大學
材料科學及工程學系碩博士班
100
Streptococcus mutans plays an important role in human dental caries. The S. mutans secretes extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) by synthesizing with sucrose to form the biofilm and erode the tooth tissues (enamel). For the purpose of characterizing the physical properties of S. mutans biofilm, we utilized the atomic force microscope (AFM) to measure the structure and biomechanical properties. An AFM combined with a nanoscale tip apex, allows a high flexibility in probing low-dimensional area. In previous researches, analyses on S. mutans were focused on the surface morphology and roughness of different strains, or the tip-cell adhesion force under variant sucrose treatment time; however, other biomechanical properties have not been well discussed. Therefore, we made a mechanical measurement on four distinct regions: Z-ring (septum), cell wall, the interconnecting area between two bacteria, and EPS under different biofilm cultivation with/without dehydration. In addition, we use the scanning impedance microscope (SIM) to characterize the differences in the composition and structure between different biofilm statuses. We observed that the cell walls have the highest elastic modulus, followed by Z-ring, interconnects, and EPS. The elastic moduli of the EPS region and of the interconnecting region between two cells are very similar, suggesting that the chemical composition and molecular structure of these regions might be similar. It is also noticed that the elastic moduli increase with increasing growth time, and the elastic moduli also increase after dehydration treatment due to stiffened cell wall. The force-displacement curve of Z-ring area shows a distinct serrated behavior, which becomes more pronounced after dehydration. We suppose that the serrated force-displacement curve was caused by the unfolding behavior of the cell protein on the septum area; the dehydration treatment stiffened cell wall in septum, thus the magnitude of force-displacement serration was increased. We further investigated the active metabolism in the septum of S. mutans by in situ detection of the biomechanical fluctuations via an AFM dot scan under contact mode. The pulsation patterns varied with biofilm growth time, and the detection of weaker patterned pulsation existence on dehydrated S. mutans suggests unknown cell metabolism still active after dehydration. In the process of measuring the biomechanism on the septum, we noticed that the force-displacement curve shows distinct behaviors by using different tip diameter and shape. Hence, we utilize the electron beam induced deposition (EBID) to produce a high-aspect-ratio tip with a view to measuring the biomechanical properties on the septum. We use the electrostatic pick up manipulation to adsorb the alumina nanoparticles on the AFM tip apex for providing the precursor of EBID tip fabrication, and successfully produce a needle-like tip with a length of 200nm. By scanning with the fabricated EBID tip, we obtained a better resolution image than commercial AFM probe. Meanwhile, in the continuous EBID tip fabrication process, we observed the composition varied with the tip creating sequence. (Appendix B)
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Huang, KuoFeng, and 黃國峰. "Control of local magnetic properties and electrically switching on Co/Pt multilayers." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27993482123822662004.
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博士國立清華大學
材料科學工程學系
103
There has been a great interest recently in novel magnetic devices such as magnetic patterned media, magnetic random access memory, and magnetic domain wall devices. However, with the scaling-down of the magnetic devices for the higher storage density, the degradation of thermal stability of the ferromagnetic layers with cell size becomes a severe issue for long-term storage and preservation. Therefore, the ferromagnetic materials with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), which provides the better thermal stability due to the higher effective anisotropy, have been introduced to those novel magnetic devices for solving the thermal stability issue. Besides, PMA materials may also reduce the energy barrier for the spin-transfer-torque switching of the magnetic moments, leading to a more efficient reversal. Consequently, to integrate the PMA materials with those magnetic devices is a very important issue for pursuing better performance and smaller devices. The Co/Pt multilayers (MLs) is a kind of PMA materials, where its PMA is originated from the interfacial anisotropy of Co/Pt interfaces. Because the Co/Pt multilayers can be easily fabricated with tunable PMA, it has been widely applied to demonstrate the magnetic devices with PMA. Nevertheless, the magnetic properties of the Co/Pt multilayers are sensitive to the thermal process, which is hard to precise control the magnetic properties. Besides, due to the severe spin depolarization of Pt and the high damping constant, the Co/Pt multilayers is hardly reversed by spin-transfer torque, which limited the adoptability of Co/Pt MLs in real applications. In this work, we try to solve the problems of Co/Pt MLs in real applications. Two main directions have been focused: (1) precise control of the magnetic properties with the thermal process and (2) manipulation of the magnetization switching by electrical means. We first investigated the magnetic properties modification with rapid thermal annealing. We found the evolution of magnetic properties with thermal process is strongly correlated with the stress relaxation process. By controlling the stress relaxation in local regions, we can locally control the magnetic properties to achieve the so-called magnetic patterning. On the other hand, to find an electrical means for switching the Co/Pt multilayers, we evaluate the spin-orbit-torque efficiency of the Co/Pt multilayers. We found the spin-orbit-torque efficiency of the Co/Pt multilayers is strongly affected by the interface conditions and scaling with the repeating numbers of the multilayers. We also demonstrate the spin-orbit-torque switching on Co/Pt multilayers, where the multi-domain formation is a problem to obstruct the bipolar magnetization switching when repeating layer number is large. By engineering the interfaces, the multi-domain formation can be suppressed to achieve a completely switching with higher repeating layer numbers. As a result, our findings may improve the adoptability of Co/Pt multilayers in real applications.
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"Local study of ultrathin SiO2/Si for nanoelectronics by scanning probe microscopy." Thesis, 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074031.
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Xue Kun."July 2005."
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references.
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract in English and Chinese.
Books on the topic "Local electrical properties"
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Canfield, Lingzhou Li. Local field effects on dielectric properties of solids. 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Local electrical properties"
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Block, F. R., W. Lesch, and P. Palm. "Overall and Local Thickness Measurement of Layers with Differing Electrical Properties." In Liquid Metal Magnetohydrodynamics, 309–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0999-1_38.
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Ruffino, Francesco, Filippo Giannazzo, Fabrizio Roccaforte, Vito Raineri, and Maria Grazia Grimaldi. "Clustering of Gold on 6H-SiC and Local Nanoscale Electrical Properties." In Solid State Phenomena, 517–22. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-43-4.517.
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Mimra, Christopher, Boris Eisenbart, Stefan Carosella, and Peter Middendorf. "Combination of the Scanning and the Polar Measuring Method for the Defect Detection in Dry Fibre Layups Using an Eddy Current Sensor." In Advances in Automotive Production Technology – Towards Software-Defined Manufacturing and Resilient Supply Chains, 243–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27933-1_23.
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AbstractGaps, fibre misalignment and foreign objects in dry fibre tape layups are detrimental towards the final mechanical properties of carbon fibre composite parts. Eddy current sensors can be used to inspect layups for the named defects. In comparison to optical inspection methods, eddy current measurements are capable of inspecting not only the top layer but multiple plies at once. In the literature, two different methods have been proposed for this inspection. One is the scanning method, where the sensor is moved over the specimen and creates a grey-scale image. The pixel brightness correlates with the layup’s local electrical conductivity. The other method for the local inspection is the polar method, where the sensor is rotated on a single spot to detect the fibre orientation. In this work, both methods were conducted with the same inspection system, which is based on a collaborative robotic arm. It has been shown that the scanning method can identify gaps and foreign objects out of metal. The fibre orientation can be identified by the rotational method with a precision of 0.16$$^{\circ }$$ ∘ . The exact positioning of the probe remains the main challenge for this inspection system. However, a combination of both methods promises to provide a reliable inspection method for the most common defect in a dry fibre layup.
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Kiani, Mohammad Javad, M. H. Shahrokh Abadi, Meisam Rahmani, Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi, F. K. Che Harun, and Karamollah Bagherifard. "Graphene Based-Biosensor." In Handbook of Research on Nanoelectronic Sensor Modeling and Applications, 265–93. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0736-9.ch011.
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Because of unique electrical properties of graphene, it has been employed in many applications, such as batteries, energy storage devices and biosensors. In this chapter modelling of bilayer graphene nanoribbon (BGNR) sensor is in our focus. Based on the presented model BGNR quantum capacitance variation effect by the prostate specific antigen (PSA) injected electrons into the FET channel as a sensing mechanism is considered. Also carrier movement in BGNR as another modelling parameter is suggested. PSA adsorption and local pH value of injecting carriers on the surface of player BGNR is modelled. Carrier concentration as a function of control parameters (f, p) is predicted. Furthermore, changes in charged lipid membrane properties can be electrically detected by graphene based electrolyte gated Graphene Field Effect Transistor (GFET). In this chapter, monolayer graphene-based GFET with a focus on conductance variation occurred by membrane electric charges and thickness is studied. Monolayer graphene conductance as an electrical detection platform which is tuned by neutral, negative and positive electric charged membrane together with membrane thickness is suggested. Electric charge and thickness of the lipid bilayer (QLP and LLP) as a function of carrier density are proposed and the control parameters are defined. Finally, the proposed analytical model is compared with experimental data which indicates good overall agreement.
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Ekpunobi, Uchenna, Christopher Ihueze, Philomena Igbokwe, Azubike Ekpunobi, Happiness Obiora-Ilouno, Chijioke Onu, Sunday Agbo, et al. "Production of Electrical Porcelain Insulators from Local Raw Materials: A Review." In Clay and Clay Minerals [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98902.
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This paper reviewed the production of electric porcelain insulators utilizing from local raw materials from developing countries. The raw materials used were feldspar, quartz/silica and kaolin. The chemical composition, mineralogy, and thermal properties of the raw materials were characterized using AAS, XRD, and TGA respectively. Different weight percentage combinations of the individual raw materials were investigated by the authors. Most of the results showed relatively acceptable porcelain insulators properties such as low water absorption, porosity, high insulation resistance, dielectric strength and bulk density. The paper showed that electric porcelain insulators with good properties can be produced from available local raw materials in some developing countries using appropriate formulations. However, for production of improved porcelain insulators properties, suggestions were made on the areas for future research.
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Bondarenko, Irina E., and Eugene B. Yakimov. "EFFECT OF DISLOCATIONS ON THE LOCAL ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF N-SI." In Defect Control in Semiconductors, 1443–46. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-88429-9.50078-1.
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Fawcett, W. Ronald. "The Electrical Double Layer." In Liquids, Solutions, and Interfaces. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195094329.003.0014.
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In examining the properties of the metal | solution interface, two limiting types of behavior are found, namely, the ideal polarizable interface and the ideally nonpolarizable interface. In the former case, the interface behaves as a capacitor so that charge can be placed on the metal using an external voltage source. This leads to the establishment of an equal and opposite charge on the solution side. The total system in which charge is separated in space is called the electrical double layer and its properties are characterized by electrostatic equilibrium. An electrical double layer exists in general at any interface at which there is a change in dielectric properties. It has an important influence on the structure of the interface and on the kinetics of processes occurring there. The classical example of an ideally polarizable interface is a mercury electrode in an electrolyte solution which does not contain mercury ions, for example, aqueous KCl. The charge on the mercury surface is altered using an external voltage source placed between the polarizable electrode and non-polarizable electrode, for example, a silver | silver chloride electrode in contact with the same solution. Within well-defined limits, the charge can be changed in both the negative and positive directions. When the mercury electrode is positively charged, there is an excess of anions in the solution close to the electrode. The opposite situation occurs when the electrode is negatively charged. An important point of reference is the point of zero charge (PZC), which occurs when the charge on the electrode is exactly zero. The properties of the electrical double layer in solution depend on the nature of the electrolyte and its concentration. In many electrolytes, one or more of the constituent ions are specifically adsorbed at the interface. Specific adsorption implies that the local ionic concentration is determined not just by electrostatic forces but also by specific chemical forces. For example, the larger halide ions are chemisorbed on mercury due to the covalent nature of the interaction between a mercury atom and the anion. Specific adsorption can also result from the hydrophobic nature of an ion.
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Cardinal, Rene, and Pierre L. Page. "Neuronal Modulation of Atrial and Ventricular Electrical Properties." In Basic and Clinical Neurocardiology, 315–39. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195141290.003.0011.
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Abstract As reviewed in Chapter 4, anatomically and functionally complex neuronal aggregates that are involved in coordinating regional cardiac function exist in intrathoracic extracardiac as well as intrinsic cardiac ganglia. It has been proposed that the intrinsic cardiac nervous system represents the final common pathway for the control of regional cardiac function. This system integrates afferent neuronal information arising from the heart to exert spatial and temporal control over cardiac efferent neurons regulating different cardiac regions. As such, it forms part of a hierarchy of intrathoracic and central neuronal feedback loops involved in regulating regional cardiac dynamics.6 In this scheme, neurons located in the various intrinsic cardiac ganglionated plexuses play a major role in beat to-beat regulation of regional cardiac function, a role that has traditionally been minimized to the benefit of local mechanical interactions (the Frank-Starling hypothesis). One outstanding issue in the field of neurocardiology concerns the patterns of efferent neuronal projections to various cardiac regions arising from the different ganglionated plexuses located in divergent atrial and ventricular regions. At present, this is a subject of considerable controversy. Some authors believe that neurons in the right atrial ganglionated plexus, for instance, subserve solely sinus nodal function whereas those in the inferior vena cavalinferior left ventricular ganglionated plexus exert predominant control over the atrioventricular node. In contrast, it has been our contention that the multiple neurons existing within a given ganglionated plexus modulate divergent car diac regions while displaying preferential control over regional cardiac function.
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"Modeling of Dynamic Processes." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 19–38. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2649-1.ch002.
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The chapter describes the existing approach to modeling dynamic systems. The rules of the transfer of properties and conditions from cell to cell in cellular automata of various organizations are considered. The basic cell structures are presented in the transfer of only states, as well as properties of cell activity and states. The options are considered when the cell itself selects a cell among the cells in the neighborhood that will become active in the next time step. Also is considered is the option when the cell analyzes the state of neighboring cells and, based on the results of the local state function, makes a decision about the transition to the active state or not. An embodiment of a cell for transmitting an active state is described, only to cells with a given local logical function. Cell structures and their CAD models are constructed.
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"Properties of Aluminum-Alloy Welds." In Weld Integrity and Performance, 283–309. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.wip.t65930283.
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Abstract This article reviews weldability of aluminum alloys and factors that affect weld performance. It first addresses hot tears, which can form during the welding of various aluminum alloys. It then presents comparison data from different weldability tests and discusses the specific properties that affect welding, namely oxide characteristics; the solubility of hydrogen in molten aluminum; and its thermal, electrical, and nonmagnetic characteristics. The article addresses the primary factors commonly considered when selecting a welding filler alloy, namely ease of welding or freedom from cracking, tensile or shear strength of the weld, weld ductility, service temperature, corrosion resistance, and color match between the weld and base alloy after anodizing. A number of factors, both global and local, that influence the fatigue performance of welded aluminum joints are also covered.
Conference papers on the topic "Local electrical properties"
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Sharma, Anjanashree M. R., Ping-Yi Hsieh, Debi Prasad Panda, Kristof J. P. Jacobs, Didit Yudistira, Bernardette Kunert, Joris Van Campenhout, et al. "Failure Analysis of InGaAs/GaAs Nanoridge Lasers by Electron Beam Based Nanoprobing." In ISTFA 2024, 297–304. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2024p0297.
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Abstract In this paper, the failure analysis of InGaAs/GaAs-on-Si nanoridge laser diodes using the electron beam based nano-probing technique is presented. These III-V laser devices are fabricated using the nano-ridge engineering approach where the misfit dislocations generated during the growth of InGaAs/GaAs layers on silicon substrate are confined away from the active region. It is observed that the applied electrical stress causes degradation of electrical properties of the laser devices. We demonstrate the application of the electron beam induced current (EBIC) technique for failure analysis of nano-ridge lasers. This high-resolution technique helps to visualize the local distribution of the electric field in a nano-ridge p-i-n diode. The EBIC signal from the reference (electrically unstressed) device and the electrically stressed device is compared and hence can be used to identify the defective region. Furthermore, in-situ electrical stress experiments are performed for systematic analysis of the impact of electrical stress on the EBIC results.
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Bonifacio, C. S., R. Li, M. L. Ray, P. E. Fischione, and William Hubbard. "Enhanced TEM Specimen Preparation for STEM-EBIC Analysis Using a Ga FIB system Followed by Post-FIB Ar Ion Beam Milling." In ISTFA 2024, 191–99. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2024p0191.
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Abstract Electrical characterization is a critical step in the failure analysis workflow, a sequence that often ends in high-resolution imaging in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Scanning TEM electron beam-induced current (STEM EBIC) is a technique that effectively combines these methods by performing electrical characterization at each imaging pixel, with the electron beam acting as a local current source. This work highlights the specimen preparation technique using the Ga FIB system followed by post-FIB Ar ion milling for STEM EBIC analysis. We present STEM EBIC as a technique to evaluate the surface quality of the specimens and to characterize the electronic properties of advanced devices at high resolution. With STEM EBIC, inactive and active finFET structures were clearly distinguished and improvements in sample quality from post-FIB Ar ion milling were evident.
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Rosine, Germanicus, and El-Hassani Othman. "Machine Learning for Predicting DataCube Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)—MultiDAT-AFM." In ISTFA 2024, 351–57. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2024p0351.
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Abstract In nanoscience, techniques based on Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) stand as a cornerstone for exploring local electrical, electrochemical and magnetic properties of microelectronic devices at the nanoscale. As AFM's capabilities evolve, so do the challenges of data analysis. With the aim of developing a prediction model for AFM mappings, based on Machine Learning, this work presents a step towards the analysis and benefit of Big Data recorded in the hyperspectral modes: AFM DataCube. The MultiDAT-AFM solution is an advanced 2000-line Python-based tool designed to tackle the complexities of multi-dimensional measurements and analysis. MultiDAT-AFM offers visualization options, from acquired curves to scanned mappings, animated mappings as movies, and a real 3D-cube representation for the hyperspectral DataCube modes. In addition, MultiDAT-AFM incorporates a Machine Learning algorithm to predict mappings of local properties. After evaluating two supervised Machine Learning algorithms (out of the eight tested) for regression, the Random Forest Regressor model emerged as the best performer. With the refinement step, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.18, an R2 value of 0.90 and an execution time of a few minutes were determined. Developed for all AFM DataCube modes, the strategy and demonstration of MultiDAT-AFM are outlined in this article for a silicon integrated microelectronic device dedicated to RF applications and analyzed by DataCube Scanning Spreading Resistance (DCUBE-SSRM).
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Labor, Adrian Q. "Multi-Level Above and Below Ground Parking Structures; Capital Project Improvement using Building Information Modeling BIM (Revit, Infraworks & Leica 3D Scan Models.)." In IABSE Congress, San José 2024: Beyond Structural Engineering in a Changing World, 929–36. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2024. https://doi.org/10.2749/sanjose.2024.0929.
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<p>The rehabilitation and adaptation of existing multi-level parking structures to meet the emerging requirements for arrays of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations on any level as well as roof-Level solar canopies is the current capital improvement goal of the Parking Management Division of the Department of Transportation, Montgomery County, Maryland, USA (MCDOT). In this changing world, the engineering management strategies to adapt the parking facilities for EV charging includes; a) structural rehabilitation to meet deterioration of aging facilities, b) structural modifications to meet new loading conditions in drive aisle and parking bays due to EV charging patterns, c) safety installations to manage the increased electrical components on the parking floors, and d) Rethinking fire suppression systems and fire-retardant application on the structure to mitigate potential hazards from high EV battery concentration. There are many scenarios that will require many assessments and redesigns to achieve structural, mechanical, electrical, plumbing and communication adaptations in over 23 above-ground and below-ground parking facilities of MCDOT. To support this effort, the team is employing 3D engineering multi-discipline design workflows developed in last few years. This leverages Building Information Modeling (BIM) applications, such as Revit Models and 3D Scan models of the parking structures as well as Infraworks models of the properties, environment and adjacent areas. Different adaptation scenarios are created and evaluated through collaborative BIM workflows involving in-house staff and local engineering firms. These efforts are guided by MCDOT’s mission and vision to be forward-thinking, embrace technology and innovation, and develop creative solutions to transportation challenges that will serve well into the future. This paper shares the strategies developed, highlights key designing aspects, and showcases the collaborative workflow and the depth of parking structure design models (Revit and Infraworks) and the survey model (Leica 3D Scan) created to date.</p>
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Chen, Hongzhi, Ning Xi, Bo Song, Ruiguo Yang, King W. C. Lai, Liangliang Chen, and Chengeng Qu. "Nano-robot enabled characterizations of local electrical properties for nano-structures." In 2012 IEEE 12th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nano.2012.6322154.
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Balzer, Frank, Manuela Schiek, Andreas Osadnik, Arne Lützen, and Horst-Günter Rubahn. "Organic nanofibers from squarylium dyes: local morphology, optical, and electrical properties." In SPIE OPTO, edited by Christopher Tabor, François Kajzar, Toshikuni Kaino, and Yasuhiro Koike. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.908449.
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Andreeva, Natalia V., Eugeny A. Ryndin, Yuriy A. Demin, Anatoliy E. Petukhov, and Vladislava S. Bagrets. "Investigation of Local Ferroelectric Properties of Ultrathin Ferroelectric Films with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy." In 2022 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Photonics (EExPolytech). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eexpolytech56308.2022.9950820.
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LeGrande, Joshua, Mohammad Bukhari, and Oumar Barry. "Topological Properties and Localized Vibration Modes in Quasiperiodic Metamaterials With Electromechanical Local Resonators." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-90025.
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Abstract Simultaneous energy harvesting and vibration attenuation has been a topic of great interest in many recent investigations in mechanical metamaterials. These studies have shown the ability to harvest electrical power using weak electromechanical coupling in periodic metamaterials with no effect on the material’s bandgap boundaries. However, the effect of the electromechanical resonator on the topological properties (i.e. the bandgap topology) and localized mode shapes of a quasiperiodic metamaterial has not yet been determined. In this paper, we study a quasiperiodic metamaterial coupled to electromechanical resonators to observe its bandgaps and localized vibration modes. We show here the analytical dispersion surfaces of an infinite quasiperiodic metamaterial with electromechanical local resonators. The natural frequencies of a semi-infinite system are also simulated numerically to validate the analytical results and show the band structure for different quasiperiodic patterns, load resistors, and electromechanical coupling coefficients. Furthermore, the mode shapes are presented here for a semi-infinite structure showing localized vibration within the bandgaps. The results demonstrate that quasiperiodic metamaterials with electromechanical local resonators can be used to harvest energy without changing the topology of the bandgaps for the case of weak electromechanical coupling. The observations given here can be used to guide designers in choosing electromechanical resonator parameters and quasiperiodic pattern parameters for an effective energy harvesting metamaterial.
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Musho, T. D., and D. G. Walker. "Quantum Simulation of Nanocrystalline Composite Thermoelectric Properties." In ASME 2009 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME 2009 Summer Heat Transfer Conference and the ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/interpack2009-89332.
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For the past few years, nanoscale structures have been proposed and investigated experimentally for their enhanced thermoelectric properties over bulk materials. These structures offer several advantages: 1) increased local density of states, which can improve the Seebeck coefficient and 2) reduced thermal transport due to phonon confinement and increased scattering. Recently, nanocrystalline composites (NCC) have been examined for their ability to outperform the alloy limit in terms of reduced thermal conductivity. However, the electrical performance has not been examined from a quantum point of view. This work provides quantum simulations of a two-dimensional composite system meant to model certain geometric features of NCC’s. While the results cannot be quantitatively compared to actual measurements, they show how their electrical behavior differs from well-known superlattice devices. This work will aid in the design of the next generation of NCC devices for thermoelectric performance.
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Murata, Naokazu, Naoki Saito, Kinji Tamakawa, Ken Suzuki, and Hideo Miura. "Micro Texture Dependence of Both the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Electroplated Copper Thin Films Used for Interconnection." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37279.
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Both mechanical and electrical properties of electroplated copper thin films were investigated experimentally with respect to changes in their micro texture. Clear recrystallization was observed after the annealing even at low temperature of about 150°C. The fracture strain of the film annealed at 400°C increased from the initial value of about 3% to 15%, and at the same time, the yield stress of the annealed film decreased from about 270 MPa to 90 MPa. In addition, it was found that there were two fatigue fracture modes in the film annealed at the temperatures lower than 200°C. One was a typical ductile fracture mode with plastic deformation and the other was brittle one. When the brittle fracture occurred, the crack propagated along weak or porous grain boundaries which remained in the film after electroplating. The brittle fracture mode disappeared after the annealing at 400°C. These results clearly indicated that the mechanical properties of electroplated copper thin films vary drastically depending on their micro texture. Next, the electrical reliability of electroplated copper thin film interconnections was discussed. The interconnections used for electromigration (EM) tests were made by damascene process. The width of the interconnections was varied from 1 μm to 10 μm. An abrupt fracture mode due to local fusion appeared in the as-electroplated films within a few hours during the test. Since the fracture rate increased linearly with the increase of square of the applied current density, this fracture mode was dominated by local Joule heating. It seemed that the local resistance of the film increased due to the porous grain boundaries and thus, the local temperature around the porous grain boundaries increased drastically. On the other hand, the life of the interconnections annealed at 400°C was improved significantly. This was because of the increase of the average grain size and the improvement of the quality of grain boundaries in the annealed films. The electrical properties of the electroplated copper films were also dominated by their micro texture. However, the stress migration occurred in the interconnections after the annealing at 400°C. This was because of the high residual tensile stress caused by the constraint of the densification of the films by the surrounding oxide film in the interconnection structures during the annealing. Finally, electroplating condition was controlled to improve the electrical properties. Both the resistance of electromigration and electrical resistivity were improved significantly. However, electromigration of copper atoms still occurred at the interface between the electroplated copper and the thin tantalum (Ta) layer sputtered as base material. Therefore, it is very important to control the crystallographic quality of electroplated copper films and the interface between different materials for improving the reliability of thin film interconnections.
Reports on the topic "Local electrical properties"
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Krivoi, Kallmeyer, and Baranyak. L52199 Nopig Metal-Loss Detection System for Non-Piggable-Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011343.
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This project investigated and upgraded the digital filtering used to interpret NoPig displacement data. This upgrade should allow the system to be used on long seam welded pipes. Limited laboratory testing was performed to show the improvement on ERW pipe. The NoPig method is a non-destructive testing method for unpiggable pipelines which uses above ground measurements for detecting and sizing wall thickness anomalies like corrosion. The method uses an applied current containing several distinct frequencies between two points on a pipeline up to 1 km apart. The resultant magnetic field is measured above ground along the pipe. The measurement data is processed to determine the deviation of an equivalent current line from the center of the pipe, called displacement. Due to the skin effect and the magnetic stray flux, variation of the displacement with frequency indicates a local wall thinning of the pipeline. ERW-pipes produce an offset in displacements caused by different magnetic and electric properties in the area of the long seam. This offset changes from joint to joint because the clock position of long seams in neighboring joints is different. In order to detect defects this offset must be filtered or removed from the data. The filtering procedure and software developed in this project significantly enhances the probability of detection in ERW pipelines over previous filtering schemes. Additionally upgrades in the system hardware reduced uncertainty in the definition of displacements. In the limited data set of a few pipe joints possessed at NoPig�s Hildesheim offices, defect detection was improved from 45% to 90% in and ERW pipe with artificial defects. Although these results are very encouraging a larger more controlled test is needed to determine the probability of detection for the NoPig system in long seam welded pipe.