Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Local disorder'
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Coduri, M. "LOCAL DISORDER IN DOPED CERIA: A CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/215536.
Full textWeber, Darren Lee, and darrenleeweber@gmail com. "EVENT-RELATED POTENTIAL INDICES OF ATTENTION AND MEMORY IN POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER." Flinders University. Psychology, 2004. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070702.080042.
Full textGrant, James. "Order from disorder : measuring reversibility and local equilibration in self-assembly." Thesis, University of Bath, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.571873.
Full textCardillo, Ramona. "Local-global visuospatial processing in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Nonverbal Learning Disabilities: A cross-task and cross-disorder comparison." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427280.
Full textLe abilità visuospaziali sono un insieme di abilità considerate essenziali nell’interazione con l’ambiente e sono coinvolte in numerose attività quotidiane (Hegarty & Waller, 2005; Jansen, Wiedenbauer, & Hahn, 2010). Il paradigma di elaborazione globale-locale (Navon, 1977) costituisce un utile approccio per studiare questo dominio neuropsicologico. Secondo tale paradigma le persone possono percepire un evento usando uno stile di elaborazione globale, per cui considerano la gestalt di un insieme di stimoli, o uno stile di elaborazione locale, per cui si focalizzano sui dettagli (Förster & Dannenberg, 2010; Navon, 1977; Schooler, 2002). Numerose ricerche sull’elaborazione globale-locale hanno rivelato l’uso preferenziale di uno stile di elaborazione (con un bias globale o locale) in specifici disturbi del neurosviluppo, in particolare riguardo al disturbo dello spettro dell’autismo (ASD) (Caron, Mottron, Dawson, Bertiaume, & Dawson, 2006; Kuschner, Bodner, & Minshew, 2009). Tuttavia, risultati conflittuali sono spesso emersi in letteratura (vedi Van der Hallen, Evers, Brewaeys, Van den Noortgate, & Wagemans, 2015) e mostrano come i partecipanti con differenti disturbi dello sviluppo possono elaborare sia informazioni locali che globali, a seconda delle richieste del compito e del dominio cognitivo coinvolto, ma in modi differenti e atipici (Dukette & Stiles, 2001). Questi risultati prevengono possibili generalizzazioni e necessitano di essere ulteriormente esplorati. Al contrario, gli stili di elaborazione globale-locale non sono mai stati studiati in bambini con altri disturbi del neurosviluppo, come il disturbo dell’apprendimento nonverbale (NLD), nonostante evidenze abbiano suggerito che questi aspetti possano essere rilevanti anche nell’NLD (Chow & Skuy, 1999). Per tale ragione, confronti tra differenti disturbi del neurosviluppo e attraverso l’uso di diversi compiti vengono suggeriti come il metodo migliore per analizzare queste abilità ed evidenziare similitudini o differenze nell’uso degli stili di elaborazione (D’Souza, Booth, Connolly, Happé, & Karmiloff-Smith, 2016). L'obiettivo principale della presente tesi di Dottorato è quello di migliorare la nostra comprensione del ruolo dell’elaborazione visuospaziale globale-locale nel profilo neuropsicologico di specifici disturbi del neurosviluppo, attraverso la comparazione di diversi disturbi e l’uso di prove differenti. Sono state indagate le prestazioni di partecipanti con ASD senza disabilità intellettiva (ID) o NLD in diversi domini di abilità visuospaziali, confrontandoli tra loro e con bambini aventi altri disturbi del neurosviluppo, come la dislessia o il deficit di attenzione/iperattività (ADHD). L’assessment si è concentrato sull’indagine della velocità di elaborazione visuospaziale, delle abilità visuo-percettive, visuo-costruttive e di memoria di lavoro visuospaziale (VSWM). È stata inoltre indagata l’interazione tra le performance in questi domini e l'elaborazione globale-locale. Sulla base del paradigma modificato di disegno con cubi (BDT) (Caron et al., 2006), sono stati elaborati nuovi compiti e stimoli per valutare le abilità visuospaziali menzionate. In particolare, sono stati condotti quattro studi. Lo Studio I ha indagato gli stili di elaborazione visuospaziale globale-locale in due gruppi di partecipanti con ASD senza ID - con e senza un picco visuospaziale (-P e -NP) - confrontandoli con individui a sviluppo tipico (TD). I risultati hanno permesso di chiarire il profilo visuospaziale dei due gruppi di partecipanti con ASD, dimostrando l’importanza di tenere in considerazione fattori specifici (come i domini di abilità visuospaziali esaminati e le abilità di ragionamento percettivo dei partecipanti). I partecipanti con ASD-NP hanno ottenuto scarsi risultati in tutti i domini, mostrando inferiori capacità di integrazione spaziale nel dominio visuo-percettivo e una ridotta sensibilità alla coerenza percettiva nella VSWM, mentre il gruppo ASD-P ha utilizzato entrambe le strategie di elaborazione globale e locale in modo efficace in base al compito e un bias locale è emerso solo nel compito visuo-costruttivo. In accordo con D'Souza et al. (2016), i nostri risultati sostengono la convinzione che etichettare gli individui con ASD come "local processors" sia restrittivo. Infatti, essi possono utilizzare entrambi gli stili di elaborazione locale e globale a seconda delle richieste del compito, del dominio visuospaziale coinvolto e del loro funzionamento cognitivo di tipo visuospaziale. Lo studio II (Capitolo 3) ha indagato l'elaborazione visuospaziale globale-locale nei bambini con sintomi di NLD confrontandoli con bambini con sintomi di dislessia e con TD. I risultati hanno mostrato un’accuratezza inferiore per i bambini con sintomi di NLD nel compito visuo-costruttivo, mentre i bambini con sintomi di dislessia hanno mostrato lievi difficoltà nel compito visuo-costruttivo e una chiara lentezza in quello viuso-percettivo. Inoltre, i bambini con sintomi di NLD si sono mostrati meno in grado di beneficiare dei diversi livelli di coerenza degli stimoli, probabilmente come conseguenza dei loro processi visuospaziali meno flessibili ed efficienti (Mammarella & Cornoldi, 2005). In particolare, il meccanismo di dominanza globale (Navon, 1977) ha reso più complicato per il gruppo con sintomi di NLD il passaggio dall’elaborazione globale a quella locale, necessario per completare correttamente il compito visuo-costruttivo. Dopo aver esaminato l’elaborazione visuospaziale globale-locale separatamente per ASD senza ID e NLD, lo scopo dello Studio III (Capitolo 4) era quello di effettuare un confronto tra disturbi, evidenziando somiglianze e differenze tra tre profili clinici - ASD senza ID, NLD e ADHD - rispetto ai TD. I nostri risultati hanno rivelato diversi profili visuospaziali per i gruppi considerati e suggerito l'utilità di manipolare la coerenza degli stimoli per l’indagine di tali abilità. Per il gruppo con NLD è emerso un deficit marcato in tutti i domini visuospaziali, a conferma che le difficoltà in tale dominio costituiscono sintomi fondamentali e distintivi di questo disturbo (Cornoldi, Mammarella & Fine, 2016, Semrud-Clikeman, Walkowiak, Wilkinson e Christopher, 2010). Inoltre, per il dominio visuo-percettivo è emersa la difficoltà di integrare le configurazioni locali in un insieme coerente. Per il gruppo con ADHD si è evidenziato un profilo eterogeneo, i partecipanti con tale diagnosi hanno mostrato, in linea con gli studi precedenti, un deficit nel dominio di velocità di elaborazione visuospaziale e nella VSWM (Martinussen, Hayden, Hogg-Johnson & Tannock, 2005, Weigard & Huang-Pollock, 2017). Inoltre, questi partecipanti hanno presentato alcune difficoltà nelle abilità viso-costruttive quando dovevano ricostruire configurazioni globali, mentre sono emerse abilità visuo-percettive in norma. Diversamente, i partecipanti con ASD hanno mostrato prestazioni in norma in tutti i domini esaminati, utilizzando efficacemente processi visuospaziali globali e locali, con l'unica eccezione del compito visuo-costruttivo in cui questo gruppo ha mostrato tempi di risposta più lenti e una sensibilità ridotta alla coerenza percettiva (Caron et al., 2006; Shah & Frith, 1993). Infine, considerato che i profili di individui con NLD e con autismo ad alto funzionamento o sindrome di Asperger (DSM-IV TR, American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000) sono spesso confusi, nello Studio IV (Capitolo 5) è stato proposto un ulteriore confronto tra ASD e NLD. Le abilità visuo-costruttive e la VSWM sono state studiate in un sottogruppo di partecipanti con ASD senza ID e senza picco visuospaziale (ASD-NP) e in partecipanti con NLD. Lo scopo era quello di analizzare se il gruppo con ASD-NP - sebbene non rappresentativo dell'intera popolazione con ASD senza ID – condividesse o meno caratteristiche con il gruppo NLD. Ancora una volta, i nostri risultati hanno permesso di differenziare il profilo visuospaziale dei bambini con NLD da quello dei bambini con ASD. Il primo gruppo ha mostrato prestazioni deficitarie in tutti i domini esaminati sia per il livello di elaborazione locale sia per quello globale. Il gruppo con ASD ha mostrato invece un profilo più eterogeneo, con prestazioni in norma nella VSWM e nel disegno di una figura complessa, tempi di risposta più lenti nella condizione segmentata della prova visuo-costruttiva e uno stile di disegno locale e frammentato nel disegno a memoria di una figura complessa. Anche qui, il bias locale ha influenzato le prestazioni dei partecipanti con ASD in compiti che richiedevano competenze visuo-costruttive e nello specifico di combinare le parti per formare un unico insieme (Simic, Khan, & Rovet, 2013). Infine, le conclusioni generali derivate dai principali risultati dei quattro studi e le loro implicazioni cliniche ed educative sono state evidenziate nel capitolo conclusivo della presente tesi. Per concludere, l'analisi delle capacità visuospaziali e l'elaborazione globale-locale in individui con disturbi del neurosviluppo offrono una visione cruciale per l'analisi dei punti di forza e di debolezza dei profili clinici esaminati e per la loro diagnosi differenziale. C'è ancora molto spazio per ulteriori ricerche sulle capacità visuospaziali e sul funzionamento neuropsicologico generale dei bambini con diversi disturbi del neurosviluppo. La presente tesi ha avuto l’obiettivo di sollevare e chiarire alcuni punti, ma altre domande restano aperte e richiederanno ulteriori studi.
Houghton, John Anthony. "Policing and local government in England." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390784.
Full textAndrews, Rebecca. "Probing the Local Structure of Perovskites using Raman Scattering Spectroscopy." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338490860.
Full textAlyami, Arwa Saleh. "STUDY OF LOCAL ATOMIC ORDER AND DISORDER IN Ni-Cr AND Ni-V ALLOYS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1555590952761642.
Full textBobenko, N. G., V. E. Egorushkin, N. V. Melnikova, and A. N. Ponomarev. "The Electron Density of States in Graphene on a Substrate with a Local Structural Disorder." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35212.
Full textNahas, Yousra. "Gauge theory for relaxor ferroelectrics." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01003357.
Full textLiu, Hongbo. "Investigation of new multiferroic materials with coexistence of several ferroic and structural instabilities." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00711475.
Full textDe, Biasio Alfredo. "Intrinsic Global Disorder and Inducible Local Order in the Cytoplasmic Tail of the Notch Ligand Delta-like 4." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85953.
Full textHayward, Dana. "Seeing the trees from the forest or vice versa: an examination of the local bias hypothesis in autism spectrum disorder." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95214.
Full textDeux théories perceptuels ont été testé. WCC clâme que les personnes qui présentent un trouble envahissant du développement (TED) montrent une inclination aux traitement locaux. EPF dit que les personnes avec TED peuvent traiter les niveau global ou local, et qu'ils sont sensibles aux petites différences dans les éventualités de l'environnement. Les personnes avec TED et le groupe de développement typique (DT) ont exécuté la tâche d'attention sélective, qui a employé des instructions duquel le niveau être présent, et la tâche d'attention divisée, qui a employé des éventualités implicites. Un avantage global et une interférence globale ont été trouvés pour les deux groupes. De plus, seulement les personnes avec TED ont démontré la sensibilité aux éventualités. Ces résultats soutiennent le compte d'EPF, et indiquent que les individus avec TED peuvent performer d'une manière caractéristique la tâche des formes globales, et peuvent modifier leur niveau implicite selon les changements subtils dans l'environnement.
Marten, Tobias. "Ab-initio study of disorder broadening of core photoemission spectra in random metallic alloys." Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2580.
Full textAb-initio results of the core-level shift and the distribution about the average for the 3d5/2 electrons of Ag, Pd and 2p3/2 of Cu are presented for the face-centered-cubic AgPd and CuPd random alloys. The complete screening model, which includes both initial and final states effects in the same scheme, has been used in the investigations.
The alloys have been modeled with a supercell containing 256 atoms. Density-functional theory calculations are carried out using the locally self consistent Green's function approach.
Results from the calculations clearly shows that the core-level shift distributions characteristic is Gaussian, but the components reveals a substantial difference in the FWHM (Full-Width at Half-Maximum). Comparison between the experimental and the calculated broadening shows a remarkable agreement.
Gumaste, Chantelle. "An examination of the transition from primary to secondary school for children with an autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in one local authority." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020611/.
Full textCONFALONIERI, GIORGIA. "LOCAL DISORDER IN THE STRUCTURE OF BA(TI,CE)O3 PEROVSKITE BY MEANS OF POWDER DIFFRACTION AND TOTAL SCATTERING. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE, DOPING CONCENTRATION AND GRAIN SIZE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/478906.
Full textMcLean, Lisa Mae. "Local visual processing in high obsesssive compulsive disorder (OCD) scorers : [a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology] /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1023.
Full textSalvador, Ana Sofia Lopes. "Influência do local de produção de pera Rocha armazenada em atmosfera controlada na incidência a desordens de escurecimento interno e na aptidão para consumo em fresco e processado." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11110.
Full textIn this study correlations between Rocha pear quality attributes and the incidence of internal browning (IB) were performed in order to know the major factors which determine different susceptibility of the fruit. Fruits under study were previously stored in dynamic controlled atmosphere (four months) and from three geographical origins (west region). The fruit incidence of IB showed to be dependent on geographical production localization. Fruits from Mafra and Lourinhã with 28 and 43% of IB, respectively, versus Alcobaça, where no symptoms were detected (0% IB). Fruits from Alcobaça showed the highest contents of ascorbic acid (AA) (4,8 mg/100 g) and of total phenolic compounds (CFT) (111,0 mg CAE/100 g), with increases of 20% and 40%, respectively, in comparison to the others, representing these the most distinctive quality factors. It was found that fruits with more calcium content, lesser potassium content and higher antioxidant capacity are more resistant to IB. By other side, the symptoms incidence is bigger in advanced post-harvest ripeness stages and minor AA content. The effects of AA content of the fruit on IB incidence were inconclusive. However, in the fruit core tissues the presence of similar AA contents between fruits, with and without IB, along with significant differences in CFT, could suggest that phenolic compounds are involved as a stress response to internal browning disorders mechanisms. Full ripening capacity was achieved in 4 days (room temperature) regardless fruits origin. However, fruits with higher internal browning incidence showed lesser storage ability (5 C), as a fresh-cut product
Dworznik, Gretchen J. "The Psychology of Local News: Compassion Fatigue and Posttraumatic Stress in Broadcast Reporters, Photographers, and Live Truck Engineers." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1210513135.
Full textTitle from PDF t.p. (viewed Sept. 28, 2009). Advisor: Stan Wearden. Keywords: journalism; trauma; broadcasting; reporting; television; posttraumatic stress; compassion fatigue. Includes bibliographical references (p. 164-184).
Zschornak, Matthias [Verfasser], Dirk C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Meyer, Dirk C. [Gutachter] Meyer, and Sibylle [Gutachter] Gemming. "Defect-induced local electronic structure modifications within the system SrO - SrTiO3 - TiO2 : symmetry and disorder / Matthias Zschornak ; Gutachter: Dirk C. Meyer, Sibylle Gemming ; Betreuer: Dirk C. Meyer." Freiberg : Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2015. http://d-nb.info/1220912123/34.
Full textOlovsson, Weine. "Influence of Global Composition and Local Environment on the Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Metallic Alloys." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Physics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5823.
Full textTheoretical investigations of spectroscopic and magnetic properties of metallic systems in the bulk, as well as in nanostructured materials, have been performed within the density functional theory. The major part of the present work studies the differences between binding energies of electrons tightly bound to the atoms, the so-called core electrons (in contrast with the valence electrons), that is, core-level binding energy shift (CLS).
By comparison between corresponding elemental core-levels for atoms situated in different chemical environments we obtain fundamental understanding of bonding properties of materials. The method of choice was the complete screening picture, which includes initial and final state effects on the same footing. The usefulness of CLS stems from that it is sensitive to differences in the chemical environment of an atom, which can be affected on one hand by the global composition of e.g. disordered materials, surfaces and interfaces, and on the other hand by the very local environment around an atom. Here CLSs have been obtained for both components in the fcc random alloys AgPd, CuPd, CuNi, CuPt, CuAu, PdAu, NiPd and NiPt. Moreover the model was extended to the Auger kinetic energy shift for the LMM Auger transition in AgPd alloys. Studies were also applied to the near surface and interface regions of PdMn nano structures on Pd(100), thin CuPd and AgPd films on inert Ru(0001), and at interfaces. The disorder broadening on CLS due to local environment effects was calculated in selected alloys.
A part of the thesis concern investigations related to the magnetic ordering in Invar alloys, including the influence of local environment effects. A study was made for the dependence of effective exchange parameter on the electron concentration, volume and local chemical composition.
Hussain, Jahangir. "The perspectives of key stakeholders involved in the process of identification, assessment, diagnosis and accessing of support for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in families with lower socioeconomic status in one outer London Local Authority." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020770/.
Full textBessenay, Gilles. "Mesures d'intensité diffuse sur monocristal en rayonnement synchrotron : mise en place de l'appareillage et tests, aspects structuraux et cinétiques de l'ordre local dans les alliages Au-Cu." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066019.
Full textLambrecq, Virginie. "Corrélats neuronaux de l’incertitude. Aspects psychophysiologiques et physiopathologiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0344/document.
Full textUncertainty is a cognitive process that frequently influences our decisions in everyday life. Inobsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the high level of uncertainty usually alters the decision-makingprocess.This work aimed to a better understanding of physiological and pathophysiological aspects ofuncertainty, by exploring its relationships with working memory abilities and its neural correlates. Anoriginal task derived from a delayed matching-to-sample task was created with the possibility toexpress felt uncertainty during decision-making. With this "uncertainty task", we demonstrated thatbaseline working memory abilities predicted the occurrence of uncertainty in healthy individualswhereas uncertainty was followed by a decrease in working memory abilities in OCD patients. Therole of working memory abilities in the occurrence of uncertainty was further confirmed in a clinicalpopulation of epileptic patients suffering from baseline working memory impairments.For the study of the neural correlates of uncertainty, we measured intracerebral local field potentials(LFPs) in regions involved in decision-making during the uncertainty task. Cortical and subcorticalLFPs were obtained in epileptic and OCD patients, respectively. We showed that uncertainty wasassociated with: 1/ a decreased amplitude of evoked responses in cortical prefrontal and premotorregions, 2/ a reduced synchronization of alpha-beta frequency bands in time-frequency analyses, 3/ anincreased amplitude of evoked responses in the subthalamic nucleus. Our findings suggested adiminished cortical activation in uncertain decision-making and confirmed the role of the subthalamicnucleus in OCD pathophysiology and in the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of pathologicaluncertainty
Van, Den Berg Tineke. "Conductivité de spin et effets magnétiques dans les systèmes quantiques désordonnés." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4812/document.
Full textSpintronics is a research area that is concerned with the storage and transfer of information by means of electron spins. In the first part we investigated the intrinsic spin Hall effect in the presence of disordered magnetic impurities in a paramagnetic state in a two dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling. In the presence of weak magnetic disorder the spin Hall conductivity stays close to its universal (clean system) value, as shown by analytical linear response calculations and numerical simulations. Heavy spin conductivity fluctuations are observed, that increase with disorder strength. To investigate the spreading of a wavepacket on a lattice we measure the wavepacket width, the inverse participation ratio and the (2)-fractal dimension. It is shown the system undergoes a localization transition at a critical disorder strength. In the localized regime the local density of states is not uniform anymore. An anti-ferromagnetic correlation between electron spins and impurity magnetic moments is observed. Beyond the localization transition the spin conductivity increases significantly. The first quantum (Cooperon) corrections in the linear response formalism are shown to contribute positively to the spin Hall conductivity. In the second part the double exchange Hubbard model for correlated electron systems is studied using dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) with the non-crossing approximation (NCA). Around quarter filling an orbital polaron is observed, numerically and in an effective Hamiltonian. Double exchange in dilute magnetic semiconductors is studied using the coherent potential approximation (CPA)
Ono, Sachiko. "Local inflammation exacerbates cutaneous manifestations in a murine autoimmune pemphigus model." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225507.
Full textBooth, Rhonda Denise Lowsley. "Local-global processing and cognitive style in autism spectrum disorders and typical development." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/localglobal-processing-and-cognitive-style-in-autism-spectrum-disorders-and-typical-development(99cff8ab-25d8-4530-8e66-dc089e8db9fd).html.
Full textNakashima, Seisuke. "Magnetic properties and local structures in disordered spinel oxide thin films." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136237.
Full textSellers, Steven R. "Photonic band gaps and local self-uniformity : new perspectives on disordered optical media." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/813756/.
Full textRamineni, Sandeep K. "MUCOADHESIVE FILMS FOR TREATMENT OF LOCAL ORAL DISORDERS: DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VIVO TESTING." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cbme_etds/19.
Full textSpencer, Kevin C. (Keven Collen). "A biocompatible, local drug delivery platform for the chronic treatment of neurological disorders of the brain." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/109685.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 148-158).
Many neurological disorders are now classified as circuit disorders, in which the underlying pathology arises from a failure in dynamic communication between anatomically distinct regions of the brain. Systemic therapies are often not effective due to their untargeted nature. The injectrode is a multifunctional probe designed to treat neurological disorders through targeted chemical and electrical stimulation directly to a focal point within the implicated neural circuit. This thesis details the characterization and biocompatibility of the injectrode for the treatment of neurological disorders on chronic timescales. In vitro and in vivo infusion tests were conducted to validate the ability to deliver nanoliter scale volumes (10-1000 n1) of drug to targeted brain structures over the course of an eight week implantation period. Muscimol was delivered to deep brain structures to demonstrate effective modulation of neural activity and behavior. These findings highlight the utility of a local chemical delivery approach to treat circuit diseases of the brain. Glial scar is a major barrier to neural probe function. A main objective of this thesis is focused on understanding the process of glial scar formation from a materials perspective. Micromotion and mechanical mismatch are thought to be key drivers of scar formation. This hypothesis was investigated using a novel 3D in vitro glial scar model, which replicates the magnitude and frequency of micromotions that are observed in vivo. Astrocytes were found to have a significant increase in cellular area and perimeter in response to micromotion compared to static control wells. These findings were applied to improve the biocompatibility of the injectrode. Hydrogel coatings, with moduli matched to brain tissue, were formed to mitigate the effects of micromotion. These coatings were found to reduce local strain by up to 70%. In vivo studies were conducted to explore the impact that implant diameter and modulus have on scar formation. Hydrogel coated implants (E=1 1.6 kPa) were found to significantly reduce scarring at 8 weeks post implantation, compared to uncoated implants (E=70 GPa). Size effects from increasing the overall implant diameter were also observed, highlighting the importance of considering both mechanical and geometric factors when designing chronic neural implants.
by Kevin C. Spencer.
Ph. D.
Jouanneaux, Alain. "Etude par r. P. E. De diffraction de neutrons des composes mixtes rb : :(x)(nh::(4))::(1-x)alf::(4), desordre chimique, transition de phase, ordre local, verre de spin structural." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT2044.
Full textMoreira, Roberta de Fátima Carreira. "Efetividade do exercício físico em ambiente ocupacional para controle da dor cervical, lombar e do ombro: uma revisão sistemática." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5264.
Full textUniversidade Federal de Sao Carlos
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders have been recognized as a worldwide health problem. One of the measures for controlling these disorders is workplace exercise, either at the workstation or in a separate environment within the company. However, there is controversy regarding the effectiveness and means of applying these interventions. Objectives: To assess and provide evidence of the effectiveness of workplace exercise in controlling musculoskeletal pain. Methods: The following databases were searched: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, PEDro and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers selected the elegible studies. Possible disagreements were solved by consensus. All randomized controlled clinical trials that evaluated exercise interventions in the workplace musculoskeletal pain relief were included. The PEDro scale (range=0-10 points) was used to rate the quality of the studies included in this review. Results and Conclusion: The electronic search yielded a total of 8680 references published in English. At the end of the selection process, 18 studies were included. Strong evidence was found to support the effectiveness of physical exercise in controlling neck pain among workers who performed sedentary tasks in offices or administrative environments, while moderate evidence was found for low back pain relief among healthcare and industrial workers who performed heavy physical tasks. These positive results were reported when the training periods were longer than 10 weeks, the exercises were performed against some type of resistance and the sessions were supervised. None of the studies evaluating sedentary workers reported positive results for controlling musculoskeletal shoulder pain. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to comparatively evaluate, among other aspects, the effects of light and heavy training for shoulder pain relief.
As disfunções musculoesqueléticas representam um problema de saúde mundial. Dentre o conjunto de medidas para controle dessas alterações está a prática de exercício físico em ambiente ocupacional, que pode ser realizada no próprio setor de trabalho ou em ambientes à parte, mas dentro da empresa. Entretanto, há controvérsias quanto à efetividade e à forma de aplicação desse tipo de intervenção.Objetivos: Avaliar a efetividade e fornecer evidências a respeito da prática de exercício físico no ambiente ocupacional para o controle da dor musculoesquelética. Métodos: As seguintes bases bibliográficas foram consultadas: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, PEDro e Web of Science. Dois revisores independentes selecionaram os estudos pertinentes, e as eventuais discordâncias foram solucionadas por consenso. Foram incluídos no estudo os ensaios clínicos randomizados controlados que realizaram intervenção no local de trabalho envolvendo exercício e avaliaram a dor musculoesquelética. A escala PEDro, que tem pontuação de 0-10, foi utilizada para avaliação da qualidade dos estudos incluídos nesta revisão. Resultados e Conclusões: A busca eletrônica resultou em um total de 8680 referências publicadas em inglês. Ao final do processo de seleção, 18 estudos foram incluídos. Forte evidência foi encontrada para a efetividade do exercício físico no controle de dor cervical em trabalhadores que realizavam atividades em escritórios ou setores administrativos, descritos como sedentários enquanto evidência moderada foi encontrada para a região lombar daqueles que realizavam atividades envolvendo manuseio de pacientes ou materiais na indústria, desde que os treinamentos fossem aplicados por períodos superiores a dez semanas, incluíssem exercícios realizados com algum tipo de resistência e fossem supervisionados. Nenhum estudo avaliando trabalhadores sedentários relatou resultados positivos para o controle da dor musculoesquelética em ombros. Novos estudos randomizados controlados são necessários para avaliar, dentre outros aspectos, o efeito comparado de treinos leves e pesados para ombros.
Miranda, Daniel Cesar Bosco de. "Efeitos de desordem e correlação eletrônica numa abordagem local." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277686.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin.
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar os efeitos da desordem nas proximidades da transição metal-isolante de Mott. Para tanto, utilizamos o modelo de Hubbard desordenado em duas dimensões. A teoria que aplicamos para estudar esse modelo é a Teoria Estatística Dinâmica de Campo Médio, que trata de maneira não-trivial os efeitos de desordem e interação elétron-elétron. A aproximação básica da teoria consiste em descrever os efeitos de interação de maneira local. Nela mapeamos o nosso problema original em vários problemas de uma impureza de Anderson, embebidos em banhos que são determinados através de uma condição de autoconsistência. Esses problemas são resolvidos no nosso trabalho aplicando o método do Monte Carlo Quântico, algoritmo Hirsch-Fye, que faz cálculos em temperatura finita. No nosso estudo conseguimos observar a coexistência de soluções metálicas ruins e isolantes ruins num mesmo sistema, para temperaturas um pouco maiores do que a que determina o ponto crítico da transição de Mott. Relacionamos a condutividade local com as energias locais desordenadas, observando que essas energias funcionam como um potencial químico dependente do sítio que altera localmente a dopagem do sistema. Finalmente, verificamos o aumento do valor da interação crítica com a desordem. Esse trabalho é a primeira implementação numérica da Teoria Estatística Dinâmica de Campo Médio com Monte Carlo Quântico, que é o estado da arte de cálculos de sistemas de uma impureza única. Nesse sentido, nosso trabalho representa um importante primeiro passo na implementação do método e fornece um paradigma inicial do seu poder e das suas limitações.
Abstract: The main goal of this work is to study the effects of disorder in the proximity of a Mott metal-insulator transition. For that, we use the disordered Hubbard model in two dimensions. The theory we aply to study this model is the Statistical Dynamical Mean Field Theory, which treats the effects of disorder and electron-electron interactions in a non-trivial fashion. The basic aproximation of that theory is to describe the effects of interactions in a local way. In this theory we map the original system in several Anderson single-impurity problems, embebbed in baths that are determined through a self-consistency condition. These problems are solved in our work through the Quantum Monte Carlo method, with the Hirsch-Fye algorithm, at finite temperature. In our study, we found the coexistence of bubbles of bad metal and bad insulator in the same system, for temperatures a little higher than that which determines the critical point of the Mott transition. We could relate the local conducting properties with the local disordered energies, finding that these energies work like a site-dependent chemical potential which changes locally the doping of the system. Finally, we verified the enhancement of the critical interaction by disorder. This work is the first numerical implementation of the Statistical Dynamical Mean Field Theory with the Quantum Monte Carlo, which is the state of art for calculations of single-impurity systems. In this sense, our work is an important first step in the implementation of the method and sets a preliminary benchmark of its power and limitations.
Mestrado
Física da Matéria Condensada
Mestre em Física
Price, Lyndsey. "An evaluation of specialist resourced provisions for the education of pupils with autistic spectrum disorders within a local authority." Thesis, University of Essex, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601379.
Full textNiederle, Astrid Elisa [Verfasser]. "Local Aspects of the Bose Glass – Phase transitions of the disordered Bose–Hubbard model / Astrid Elisa Niederle." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1113334800/34.
Full textJalali, Zober. "Comparing lavage treatment with local anesthetics of painful jaw movements at disc displacement without reduction." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19939.
Full textThe aim of this prospective and longitudinal study was to compare three-year outcomes of local anesthetics compared to anesthetics, arthrocentesis and lavage on patients suffering from painful jaw locking in the TMJThe study was performed from 2003 until 2007 and 45 patients were selected from altogether 55 eligible patients referred for the treatment for TMD to the Department of Stomatognathic Physiology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Sweden. History questionnaire and clinical examination according toResearch Diagnostic Criteria, panoramic radiographs and Magnetic Resonance Imaging were completed at baseline. A questionnaire was sent three years after treatment to 37 patients. Pain intensity, physical functioning, emotional functioning and global improvement were evaluated.Twenty-five patients were randomised to group anesthetics and 20 patients were randomised to group anesthetics, arthrocentesis and lavage. Thirty-four patients answered the questionnaire at the 3-year follow-up. In an intention-to-treat analysis the primary outcome, showing a ≥30% pain relief, was reported by 28 of 45(62%) patients at the follow-up. No significant differences in improvement were found between group local anesthetics and group anesthetics, arthrocentesis and lavage regarding pain relief, physical functioning, emotional functioning, and global improvement. Significant improvements(P<0.05) were found within both groups regarding pain intensity, physical functioning, emotional functioning and global changes at the follow-up compared to baseline.Since no differences were found between local anesthetics, arthrocentesis and lavage compared to local anesthetics alone of the TMJ three years after treatment of painful disc displacement without reduction, the use of arthrocentesis and lavage can be questioned.
Millan, Tatiana 1977. "Resultados de cirurgia monocular de estrabismo de grande angulo sob anestesia peribulbar." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310198.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados da cirurgia monocular na correção de estrabismos horizontais de grande ângulo sob anestesia peribulbar. Métodos: Foram avaliados 92 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia monocular de estrabismo horizontal de grande ângulo (ângulo igual ou superior a 40 dioptrias prismáticas - DP) sob anestesia peribulbar no Hospital das Clínicas/UNICAMP. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo 1 ¿ esotropias e grupo 2 ¿ exotropias. A cirurgia constava de retrocesso e ressecção dos retos horizontais no olho não dominante. O seguimento pós-operatório foi de 6 meses, quando foram avaliados o desvio residual e a movimentação ocular. Foi considerado como sucesso cirúrgico um desvio residual de até 15 DP. Em casos de desvios maiores que 15 DP, um segundo procedimento era indicado. Resultados: Em todos os pacientes com desvio de até 60 DP foi alcançado sucesso cirúrgico. Nos pacientes com desvio de 65 DP, a cirurgia teve sucesso em 1 de 3 pacientes do grupo 1 e em 5 de 9 pacientes do grupo 2 . Em desvios superiores a 65 DP, todos apresentaram desvios residuais maiores que 15 DP. Destes, 13 pacientes se submeteram a um segundo procedimento e, em todos, houve sucesso cirúrgico. A Análise da Curva ROC mostrou o ponto de corte do desvio pré-operatório para obter sucesso cirúrgico, que foi de 62,5 DP. Nenhum paciente apresentou limitação importante da movimentação ocular. Não houve complicações cirúrgicas ou anestésicas. Conclusões: A cirurgia monocular pode ser uma opção para correção de estrabismos horizontais de grande ângulo, sob anestesia peribulbar, até desvios entre 60 e 65 DP. Acima de 65 DP, a cirurgia monocular não foi suficiente para se obter sucesso pós-operatório
Abstract: Purpose: Evaluate the results of monocular surgery for large-angle horizontal strabismus under peribulbar anesthesia. Methods: Ninety-two patients submitted to monocular surgery under peribulbar anesthesia for large-angle horizontal strabismus (angle of 40 prism dioptre or greater) in Clinical Hospital of State University of Campinas were evaluated. The patients were divided into group 1 ¿ esotropias and group 2 - exotropias. The surgery consisted of recession and resection procedures of the horizontal rectus. The postoperative follow-up was of 6 months, when it was evaluated the resisual deviation and the ocular movement. A residual deviation until 15 PD was considered a successful result. In cases of residual deviation over 15 PD, a second procedure was indicated. Results: In all patients until 60 PD preoperative deviations, successful surgery results were achieved. In the patients with 65 PD preoperative deviations, successful surgery results were obtained in 1 of 3 patients in group 1 and in 5 of 9 patients in group 2. All patients with deviations over 65 PD presented residual deviation over 15 PD. Thirteen patients were submitted to a second procedure. Successful results were obtained in all of them. The ROC Curve Analysis showed the cut point to get a successful surgery result: 62,5 PD. No patient presented important limitation of the ocular movement. There were no complications from surgery or anesthesia. Conclusions: The monocular surgery can be an alternative for horizontal large-angle strabismus under peribulbar anesthesia until deviations between 60 and 65 PD. In the deviations over 65 PD, the monocular surgery did not achieve successful results
Mestrado
Oftalmologia
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
Niederle, Astrid Elisa [Verfasser], and Heiko [Akademischer Betreuer] Rieger. "Local aspects of the Bose glass : phase transitions of the disordered Bose-Hubbard model / Astrid Elisa Niederle ; Betreuer: Heiko Rieger." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1115721445/34.
Full textZhang, Ying. "Synthesis and Determination of the Local Structure and Phase Evolution of Unique Boehmite-Derived Mesoporous Doped Aluminas." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7105.
Full textDuarte, Maria de Fátima da Assunção. "Prevalência de lesões músculo-esqueléticas ligadas ao trabalho (LMELT) em higienistas orais: contributo para a saúde e segurança no local de trabalho." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14164.
Full textNdao, Makha. "Propriétés physiques des cristaux liquides discotiques nanoconfinés." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979588.
Full textLima, Valquíria Aparecida de. "Efeitos de um programa de exercícios físicos no local de trabalho sobre a flexibilidade e percepção de dor musculoesquelética entre trabalhadores de escritório." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-10092009-164046/.
Full textThis study was designed to evaluate the effects of a workplace exercise program on flexibility and perception of muscular pain among office workers, and their relationship with the weekly frequency of participation. Forty nine office employees from a pharmaceutical company in the city of Sao Paulo were randomized into three groups according to the number of proposed weekly sessions: twice (RG2), three (RG3) and five (RG5) times respectively). The program included 10 minutes exercise sessions of stretching, resistance training, self-massage, massage and relaxation techniques for a six-month period. Participants also took part in three short lectures during the period of the program. A dual-scale inclinometer was used to measure wrist and cervical spine flexibility and the fingertip-to-floor test was used to estimate the low back range of flexibility. The short version of the Wisconsin Brief Pain Questionnaire was used to assess muscular pain perception. Evaluations were carried out at Baseline (M0), and after 3 (M3) and 6 (M6) months. Kolmogorov- Smirnov test was applied to test normality of quantitative variables. TWO-WAY ANOVA with Tukeys test was used as a multiple comparison method to evaluate differences over time for normal distributions. Statistics for the fingertip-to-floor test and body pain intensity were obtained by ANOVA and Friedman and Wilcoxon test, respectively. Data demonstrated statistically significant improvement in flexibility of the cervical and lumbar spine and wrists in all groups of randomization. The RG5 presented the most significant decrease of reported pain intensity. This study demonstrated that participating in a well-structured workplace program of physical exercises may contribute to improve flexibility and decrease the musculoskeletal pain intensity.
Cazé, Alexandre. "Emission, scattering and localization of light in complex structures : from nanoantennas to disordered media." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917876.
Full textDans un premier temps, nous étudions l'apparition de modes localisés en champ proche de structures complexes. Nous nous intéressons à deux différents types de structures: des nanoantennes d'or et des films d'or désordonnés. Nos résultats nous permettent de discerner les modes radiatifs et non-radiatifs. Nous introduisons le concept de Cross Density Of States (CDOS) pour décrire quantitativement la cohérence spatiale intrinsèque associée à la structure modale d'un milieu complexe. Nous démontrons ainsi une réduction de l'extention spatiale des modes au voisinage de la percolation électrique des films d'or désordonnés.
Nous nous intéressons ensuite à des milieux fortement diffusants. En éclairant de telles structures par une source cohérente, on obtient une figure d'intensité complexe appelée speckle. Nous utilisons une méthode diagrammatique pour démontrer une corrélation négative entre les figures de speckle réfléchie et transmise à travers une tranche dans le régime mésoscopique. Nous nous intéressons ensuite à la corrélation C0, qui apparait lorsque la source est enfouie dans le milieu. Nous proposons une démonstration générale de l'égalité entre la corrélation C0 et les fluctuations normalisées de la LDOS, et soulignons le rôle fondamental des interactions de champ proche. Finalement, nous observons numériquement le régime de couplage fort entre un diffuseur résonnant et un mode localisé d'Anderson au sein d'un milieu désordonné 2D.
Ferreira, Maira Leon. "Avaliação dos efeitos da intervenção breve para problemas relacionados ao uso de álcool no ambiente de trabalho: um estudo piloto." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4541.
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Introdução: O uso de álcool está relacionado a acidentes de trabalho e à piora na saúde do indivíduo por isso torna-se relevante investir em programas de prevenção no ambiente laboral. Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos da IB no ambiente de trabalho para problemas relacionados ao consumo de álcool. Método: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado não controlado, com desenho quase experimental de natureza quantitativa. O estudo contou com 120 participantes que receberam diferentes estratégias de acordo com o AUDIT: Educação para o álcool (0 a 7 pontos); Aleatorização para os grupos 01 e 02 (08 a 19 pontos) – (O grupo 01 recebeu feedbacks e panfletos e o grupo 02 recebeu feedback, panfletos e a IB); Encaminhamento para especialistas (20 pontos ou mais). Houve follow up via telefone após três meses para os grupos 01 e 02. Resultados: Houve uma boa taxa de adesão a pesquisa, o grupo 02 (IB) mostrou diferenças significativas na redução do consumo de álcool e no grupo 01 estas diferenças não foram significativas apesar de os dois grupos sinalizarem tendências para a redução do consumo. Conclusão: A aplicação da IB no ambiente de trabalho foi viável, porém novas pesquisas são necessárias a fim de comprovar a eficácia e efetividade da IB no ambiente organizacional.
Introduction: The use of alcohol in workplace causes accidents and worsening health of the individual therefore is relevant to invest in prevention programs in the workplace. Objectives: Evaluate the effects of Brief Intervention in the workplace for problems related to alcohol consumption. Method: The research is a randomized clinical trial, not controlled, quasiexperiment and quantitative study. The study included a total of 120 participants. According to the AUDIT score were applied different strategies: Education for alcohol (0-7 points); Randomization for groups 01 and 02 (08-19 points) - The group 01 received feedback on the AUDIT score and brochures and the group 02 received feedback from the AUDIT, brochures and also BI. Were referred to a specialist employees who achieved a score between 20 and 40 points. There were follow up via phone after three months for groups 01 and 02. Results: There was a good research membership fee and the group 02 (BI) showed significant differences in the reduction of alcohol consumption and in group 01 these differences were not significant despite the two groups to signal trends to reduce consumption. Conclusion: The implementation of the BI in the workplace was feasible but further research is needed to prove efficiency and effectiveness of BI in the workplace.
Joseph, Jerelle Aurelia. "Energy landscapes for protein folding." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284923.
Full textBock, Antje [Verfasser], Tilmann [Akademischer Betreuer] Sander-Thömmes, Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Obermayer, and Hermann [Akademischer Betreuer] Hinrichs. "Removal of the cardiac cycle artefact and subsequent coupling analysis between cortex and basal ganglia : simultaneous magnetoencephalographic and intracranial local field potential recordings in patients with movement disorders undergoing deep brain stimulation / Antje Bock. Gutachter: Klaus Obermayer ; Hermann Hinrichs ; Tilmann Sander-Thömmes. Betreuer: Tilmann Sander-Thömmes." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1065665741/34.
Full textMachado, Eduardo. "INFILTRAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES SUBSTÂNCIAS OU AGULHAMENTO À SECO EM DOR MIOFASCIAL UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6162.
Full textA dor miofascial temporomandibular apresenta um grande desafio diagnóstico dentro das Disfunções Temporomandibulares. Devido às características dessa condição, procedimentos de infiltração intramuscular muitas vezes são necessários para o adequado controle e tratamento dos sintomas. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo é avaliar a efetividade de infiltrações com diferentes substâncias ou agulhamento à seco em dor miofascial temporomandibular. O delineamento do estudo consistiu em uma revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados e as bases de pesquisa consultadas foram: Pubmed, EMBASE, CENTRAL/Cochrane, Lilacs, Scopus e Web of Science no período até outubro de 2014. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada por dois avaliadores independentes, que aplicaram critérios de elegibilidade para a obtenção da amostra final de estudos primários. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão quinze estudos foram selecionados. Devido à heterogeneidade dos estudos primários não foi possível realizar uma meta-análise. A análise narrativa dos resultados mostrou que a maioria dos estudos apresentava limitações metodológicas e vieses que comprometeram a qualidade de seus achados. Assim, existe a necessidade da condução de novos ensaios clínicos randomizados, com tempo de acompanhamento e amostras maiores, para avaliar a real efetividade da técnica e das substâncias avaliadas.
Lahlou, Ghizlène. "Thérapie génique translationnelle des surdités et troubles vestibulaires d'origine génétique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2020SORUS090.pdf.
Full textDeafness and vestibular disorders are frequent pathologies, and sources of disability and impaired quality of life. Deafness is the most common sensory disorder in humans, and 1 child is born deaf for every 700 births. Currently, there is no cure for these disorders. A promising therapeutic alternative is gene therapy using rAAV, and numerous preclinical studies have provided proof of its efficacy in the treatment of deafness and vestibular disorders of genetic origin. However, many challenges remain to be overcome before considering application in humans. In this work, we sought to identify the key steps to be taken for a clinical application of gene therapy for 2 human genetic causes of deafness, USH1G syndrome and DFNB9 deafness. We used the corresponding mouse models for this, as well as studies in non-human primates and an in vitro human vestibular organ explant model. We were able to show that the therapeutic window was a major factor to take into account in a translational objective. The stage of maturation of the inner ear greatly influences the effectiveness of therapy, especially when the pathology involves developmental abnormalities such as in USH1 syndrome. However, we were able to provide evidence of an extension of the therapeutic window in Ush1g-/- mice, and to show that viral gene therapy performed at a mature stage allowed vestibular function to be restored to a level close to normal, and to a lesser extent a restauration of hearing function. In DFNB9 deafness for which there is no developmental abnormality, we were able to show that gene therapy allowed a complete restoration of hearing, and laid the foundations for a future therapy in humans
Langenfeld, Annette. "Etude de corrélations électroniques dans des systèmes désordonnés." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10081.
Full textOlu-Lafe, Olufemi. "Cognitive processing of global and local visual stimuli in autism spectrum disorder." Thesis, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/14114.
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