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Journal articles on the topic 'Local decoding'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Jackson, Andrew, and Thomas M. Hall. "Decoding Local Field Potentials for Neural Interfaces." IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 25, no. 10 (October 2017): 1705–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2016.2612001.

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2

Scruby, T. R., and K. Nemoto. "Local Probabilistic Decoding of a Quantum Code." Quantum 7 (August 29, 2023): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-08-29-1093.

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flip is an extremely simple and maximally local classical decoder which has been used to great effect in certain classes of classical codes. When applied to quantum codes there exist constant-weight errors (such as half of a stabiliser) which are uncorrectable for this decoder, so previous studies have considered modified versions of flip, sometimes in conjunction with other decoders. We argue that this may not always be necessary, and present numerical evidence for the existence of a threshold for flip when applied to the looplike syndromes of a three-dimensional toric code on a cubic lattice. This result can be attributed to the fact that the lowest-weight uncorrectable errors for this decoder are closer (in terms of Hamming distance) to correctable errors than to other uncorrectable errors, and so they are likely to become correctable in future code cycles after transformation by additional noise. Introducing randomness into the decoder can allow it to correct these "uncorrectable" errors with finite probability, and for a decoding strategy that uses a combination of belief propagation and probabilistic flip we observe a threshold of ∼5.5% under phenomenological noise. This is comparable to the best known threshold for this code (∼7.1%) which was achieved using belief propagation and ordered statistics decoding [Higgott and Breuckmann, 2022], a strategy with a runtime of O(n3) as opposed to the O(n) (O(1) when parallelised) runtime of our local decoder. We expect that this strategy could be generalised to work well in other low-density parity check codes, and hope that these results will prompt investigation of other previously overlooked decoders.

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3

Hu, Lehua. "Coding and Decoding Optimization of Remote Video Surveillance Systems." International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing 15, no. 2 (February 16, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijghpc.318405.

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In order to solve the problems of high distortion rate and low decoding efficiency of the decoded video when the current coding and decoding methods are used to encode and decode the remote video monitoring system, considering the local area network, research on the optimization method of the coding and decoding of the remote video monitoring system is proposed. The local area network is used to collect image information, to process, and to output the image information. By preprocessing the remote video monitoring system, the low frame rate remote video monitoring system is decoded in parallel. The motion information of the lost frame is estimated to realize the fast coding and decoding of the remote video monitoring system. The experimental results show that the proposed method has low distortion rate and high decoding efficiency and has high practical value.

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4

Islam, Mohammad S., Khondaker A. Mamun, and Hai Deng. "Decoding of Human Movements Based on Deep Brain Local Field Potentials Using Ensemble Neural Networks." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5151895.

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Decoding neural activities related to voluntary and involuntary movements is fundamental to understanding human brain motor circuits and neuromotor disorders and can lead to the development of neuromotor prosthetic devices for neurorehabilitation. This study explores using recorded deep brain local field potentials (LFPs) for robust movement decoding of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Dystonia patients. The LFP data from voluntary movement activities such as left and right hand index finger clicking were recorded from patients who underwent surgeries for implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes. Movement-related LFP signal features were extracted by computing instantaneous power related to motor response in different neural frequency bands. An innovative neural network ensemble classifier has been proposed and developed for accurate prediction of finger movement and its forthcoming laterality. The ensemble classifier contains three base neural network classifiers, namely, feedforward, radial basis, and probabilistic neural networks. The majority voting rule is used to fuse the decisions of the three base classifiers to generate the final decision of the ensemble classifier. The overall decoding performance reaches a level of agreement (kappa value) at about0.729±0.16for decoding movement from the resting state and about0.671±0.14for decoding left and right visually cued movements.

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5

Baranov, Pavel V., John F. Atkins, and Martina M. Yordanova. "Augmented genetic decoding: global, local and temporal alterations of decoding processes and codon meaning." Nature Reviews Genetics 16, no. 9 (August 11, 2015): 517–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg3963.

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6

Adjemov, S. S., A. I. Kostogryzov, and A. O. Atakishchev. "METAGRAMMATICAL MODEL AND METHOD OF DECODING THE VIDEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION WITH PREFIX COMPRESSION CODES." Vestnik komp'iuternykh i informatsionnykh tekhnologii, no. 193 (July 2020): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/vkit.2020.07.pp.024-033.

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In the article, a metagrammatic model and the local-frequency decoding method are proposed to solve the problem of decoding videographic information with prefix compression codes. The metagrammatic model is presented as a five – level stochastic metagrammatics that allows us to take into account the structural and statistical features of prefix coded data and use them to improve the decoding efficiency. It is shown that only regular Chomsky grammars can be used in the proposed stochastic metagrammatics. The model uses a combined metagrammatics scheme with matching rules such as “terminal – initial symbol” (TS) and “terminal – product label” (TP). It is shown that structuring the model in the form of stochastic metagrammatics can significantly reduce the total number of products in metagrammatics and simplify its modification when solving problems of decoding promising prefix compression codes. The features of the local-frequency method of decoding videographic information with prefix compression codes focused on this metagrammatic model are considered. To implement one of the main and time-consuming procedures of this method, related to the search in local code tables and translation of uneven prefix codes, a local-private procedure for searching code words is proposed. The features of the software implementation of the proposed method are considered. The results of experimental testing of the method on the example of real arrays of non-uniform prefix codes are presented.

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7

Adjemov, S. S., A. I. Kostogryzov, and A. O. Atakishchev. "METAGRAMMATICAL MODEL AND METHOD OF DECODING THE VIDEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION WITH PREFIX COMPRESSION CODES." Vestnik komp'iuternykh i informatsionnykh tekhnologii, no. 193 (July 2020): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/vkit.2020.07.pp.024-033.

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In the article, a metagrammatic model and the local-frequency decoding method are proposed to solve the problem of decoding videographic information with prefix compression codes. The metagrammatic model is presented as a five – level stochastic metagrammatics that allows us to take into account the structural and statistical features of prefix coded data and use them to improve the decoding efficiency. It is shown that only regular Chomsky grammars can be used in the proposed stochastic metagrammatics. The model uses a combined metagrammatics scheme with matching rules such as “terminal – initial symbol” (TS) and “terminal – product label” (TP). It is shown that structuring the model in the form of stochastic metagrammatics can significantly reduce the total number of products in metagrammatics and simplify its modification when solving problems of decoding promising prefix compression codes. The features of the local-frequency method of decoding videographic information with prefix compression codes focused on this metagrammatic model are considered. To implement one of the main and time-consuming procedures of this method, related to the search in local code tables and translation of uneven prefix codes, a local-private procedure for searching code words is proposed. The features of the software implementation of the proposed method are considered. The results of experimental testing of the method on the example of real arrays of non-uniform prefix codes are presented.

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8

Prakash, Surya S., J. Patrick Mayo, and Supratim Ray. "Decoding of attentional state using local field potentials." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 76 (October 2022): 102589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2022.102589.

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9

Gur, Tom, and Oded Lachish. "On the Power of Relaxed Local Decoding Algorithms." SIAM Journal on Computing 50, no. 2 (January 2021): 788–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/19m1307834.

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10

Hanks, Michael, William J. Munro, and Kae Nemoto. "Decoding Quantum Error Correction Codes With Local Variation." IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering 1 (2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tqe.2020.2967890.

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11

Didier, Gilles, Ivan Laprevotte, Maude Pupin, and Alain Hénaut. "Local Decoding of Sequences and Alignment-Free Comparison." Journal of Computational Biology 13, no. 8 (October 2006): 1465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cmb.2006.13.1465.

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12

Levy, N., and S. Shamai. "Clustered Local Decoding for Wyner-Type Cellular Models." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 55, no. 11 (November 2009): 4967–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2009.2030472.

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13

Esmaeili, M., A. Alampour, and T. A. Gulliver. "Decoding Binary Linear Block Codes Using Local Search." IEEE Transactions on Communications 61, no. 6 (June 2013): 2138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2013.041113.120057.

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14

Paddison, Ronan. "Decoding Decentralisation: The Marketing of Urban Local Power?" Urban Studies 36, no. 1 (January 1999): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0042098993763.

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15

Bafna, Mitali, Srikanth Srinivasan, and Madhu Sudan. "Local decoding and testing of polynomials over grids." Random Structures & Algorithms 57, no. 3 (June 27, 2020): 658–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rsa.20933.

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16

Wang, Yong, Yuting Wang, and Yuyan Han. "A Variant Iterated Greedy Algorithm Integrating Multiple Decoding Rules for Hybrid Blocking Flow Shop Scheduling Problem." Mathematics 11, no. 11 (May 25, 2023): 2453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11112453.

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This paper studies the hybrid flow shop scheduling problem with blocking constraints (BHFSP). To better understand the BHFSP, we will construct its mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model and use the Gurobi solver to demonstrate its correctness. Since the BHFSP exists parallel machines in some processing stages, different decoding strategies can obtain different makespan values for a given job sequence and multiple decoding strategies can assist the algorithm to find the optimal value. In view of this, we propose a hybrid decoding strategy that combines both forward decoding and backward decoding to select the minimal objective function value. In addition, a hybrid decoding-assisted variant iterated greedy (VIG) algorithm to solve the above MILP model. The main novelties of VIG are a new reconstruction mechanism based on the hybrid decoding strategy and a swap-based local reinforcement strategy, which can enrich the diversity of solutions and explore local neighborhoods more deeply. This evaluation is conducted against the VIG and six state-of-the-art algorithms from the literature. The 100 tests showed that the average makespan and the relative percentage increase (RPI) values of VIG are 1.00% and 89.6% better than the six comparison algorithms on average, respectively. Therefore, VIG is more suitable to solve the studied BHFSP.

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17

Halabi, Nissim, and Guy Even. "On Decoding Irregular Tanner Codes With Local-Optimality Guarantees." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 60, no. 1 (January 2014): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2013.2284912.

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18

Flint, Robert D., Christian Ethier, Emily R. Oby, Lee E. Miller, and Marc W. Slutzky. "Local field potentials allow accurate decoding of muscle activity." Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 1 (July 1, 2012): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00832.2011.

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Local field potentials (LFPs) in primary motor cortex include significant information about reach target location and upper limb movement kinematics. Some evidence suggests that they may be a more robust, longer-lasting signal than action potentials (spikes). Here we assess whether LFPs can also be used to decode upper limb muscle activity, a complex movement-related signal. We record electromyograms from both proximal and distal upper limb muscles from monkeys performing a variety of reach-to-grasp and isometric wrist force tasks. We show that LFPs can be used to decode activity from both proximal and distal muscles with performance rivaling that of spikes. Thus, motor cortical LFPs include information about more aspects of movement than has been previously demonstrated. This provides further evidence suggesting that LFPs could provide a highly informative, long-lasting signal source for neural prostheses.

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19

Even, Guy, and Nissim Halabi. "Local-Optimality Guarantees Based on Paths for Optimal Decoding." SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 27, no. 4 (January 2013): 2049–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/120886674.

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20

Didier, Gilles, Eduardo Corel, Ivan Laprevotte, Alex Grossmann, and Claudine Landès-Devauchelle. "Variable length local decoding and alignment-free sequence comparison." Theoretical Computer Science 462 (November 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2012.08.005.

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21

Kovalev, Alexey A., and Leonid P. Pryadko. "Spin glass reflection of the decoding transition for quantum error correcting codes." Quantum Information and Computation 15, no. 9&10 (July 2015): 825–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic15.9-10-5.

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We study the decoding transition for quantum error correcting codes with the help of a mapping to random-bond Wegner spin models. Families of quantum low density parity-check (LDPC) codes with a finite decoding threshold lead to both known models (e.g., random bond Ising and random plaquette $\Z2$ gauge models) as well as unexplored earlier generally non-local disordered spin models with non-trivial phase diagrams. The decoding transition corresponds to a transition from the ordered phase by proliferation of ``post-topological'' extended defects which generalize the notion of domain walls to non-local spin models. In recently discovered quantum LDPC code families with finite rates the number of distinct classes of such extended defects is exponentially large, corresponding to extensive ground state entropy of these codes. Here, the transition can be driven by the entropy of the extended defects, a mechanism distinct from that in the local spin models where the number of defect types (domain walls) is always finite.

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22

Liu, Xin, Chi Ren, Zhisheng Huang, Madison Wilson, Jeong-Hoon Kim, Yichen Lu, Mehrdad Ramezani, Takaki Komiyama, and Duygu Kuzum. "Decoding of cortex-wide brain activity from local recordings of neural potentials." Journal of Neural Engineering 18, no. 6 (November 15, 2021): 066009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ac33e7.

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Abstract Objective. Electrical recordings of neural activity from brain surface have been widely employed in basic neuroscience research and clinical practice for investigations of neural circuit functions, brain–computer interfaces, and treatments for neurological disorders. Traditionally, these surface potentials have been believed to mainly reflect local neural activity. It is not known how informative the locally recorded surface potentials are for the neural activities across multiple cortical regions. Approach. To investigate that, we perform simultaneous local electrical recording and wide-field calcium imaging in awake head-fixed mice. Using a recurrent neural network model, we try to decode the calcium fluorescence activity of multiple cortical regions from local electrical recordings. Main results. The mean activity of different cortical regions could be decoded from locally recorded surface potentials. Also, each frequency band of surface potentials differentially encodes activities from multiple cortical regions so that including all the frequency bands in the decoding model gives the highest decoding performance. Despite the close spacing between recording channels, surface potentials from different channels provide complementary information about the large-scale cortical activity and the decoding performance continues to improve as more channels are included. Finally, we demonstrate the successful decoding of whole dorsal cortex activity at pixel-level using locally recorded surface potentials. Significance. These results show that the locally recorded surface potentials indeed contain rich information of the large-scale neural activities, which could be further demixed to recover the neural activity across individual cortical regions. In the future, our cross-modality inference approach could be adapted to virtually reconstruct cortex-wide brain activity, greatly expanding the spatial reach of surface electrical recordings without increasing invasiveness. Furthermore, it could be used to facilitate imaging neural activity across the whole cortex in freely moving animals, without requirement of head-fixed microscopy configurations.

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23

Marletto, Chiara, Alastair Kay, and Artur Ekert. "How to counteract systematic errors in quantum state transfer." Quantum Information and Computation 12, no. 7&8 (July 2012): 648–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic12.7-8-9.

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In the absence of errors, the dynamics of a spin chain, with a suitably engineered local Hamiltonian, allow the perfect, coherent transfer of a quantum state over large distances. Here, we propose encoding and decoding procedures to recover perfectly from low rates of systematic errors. The encoding and decoding regions, located at opposite ends of the chain, are small compared to the length of the chain, growing linearly with the size of the error. We also describe how these errors can be identified, again by only acting on the encoding and decoding regions.

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24

Bansal, Arjun K., Carlos E. Vargas-Irwin, Wilson Truccolo, and John P. Donoghue. "Relationships among low-frequency local field potentials, spiking activity, and three-dimensional reach and grasp kinematics in primary motor and ventral premotor cortices." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 4 (April 2011): 1603–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00532.2010.

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A prominent feature of motor cortex field potentials during movement is a distinctive low-frequency local field potential ( lf-LFP) (<4 Hz), referred to as the movement event-related potential (mEP). The lf-LFP appears to be a global signal related to regional synaptic input, but its relationship to nearby output signaled by single unit spiking activity (SUA) or to movement remains to be established. Previous studies comparing information in primary motor cortex (MI) lf-LFPs and SUA in the context of planar reaching tasks concluded that lf-LFPs have more information than spikes about movement. However, the relative performance of these signals was based on a small number of simultaneously recorded channels and units, or for data averaged across sessions, which could miss information of larger-scale spiking populations. Here, we simultaneously recorded LFPs and SUA from two 96-microelectrode arrays implanted in two major motor cortical areas, MI and ventral premotor (PMv), while monkeys freely reached for and grasped objects swinging in front of them. We compared arm end point and grip aperture kinematics′ decoding accuracy for lf-LFP and SUA ensembles. The results show that lf-LFPs provide enough information to reconstruct kinematics in both areas with little difference in decoding performance between MI and PMv. Individual lf-LFP channels often provided more accurate decoding of single kinematic variables than any one single unit. However, the decoding performance of the best single unit among the large population usually exceeded that of the best single lf-LFP channel. Furthermore, ensembles of SUA outperformed the pool of lf-LFP channels, in disagreement with the previously reported superiority of lf-LFP decoding. Decoding results suggest that information in lf-LFPs recorded from intracortical arrays may allow the reconstruction of reach and grasp for real-time neuroprosthetic applications, thus potentially supplementing the ability to decode these same features from spiking populations.

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25

Lu, Yiqin, Weiyue Su, and Jiancheng Qin. "LDPC Decoding on GPU for Mobile Device." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7048482.

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A flexible software LDPC decoder that exploits data parallelism for simultaneous multicode words decoding on the mobile device is proposed in this paper, supported by multithreading on OpenCL based graphics processing units. By dividing the check matrix into several parts to make full use of both the local memory and private memory on GPU and properly modify the code capacity each time, our implementation on a mobile phone shows throughputs above 100 Mbps and delay is less than 1.6 millisecond in decoding, which make high-speed communication like video calling possible. To realize efficient software LDPC decoding on the mobile device, the LDPC decoding feature on communication baseband chip should be replaced to save the cost and make it easier to upgrade decoder to be compatible with a variety of channel access schemes.

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26

Massarczyk, M., T. Rudack, J. Schlitter, J. Kuhne, C. Kötting, and K. Gerwert. "Local Mode Analysis: Decoding IR Spectra by Visualizing Molecular Details." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 121, no. 15 (February 8, 2017): 3483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b09343.

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27

Rodnina, Marina V., Niels Fischer, Cristina Maracci, and Holger Stark. "Ribosome dynamics during decoding." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1716 (March 19, 2017): 20160182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0182.

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Elongation factors Tu (EF-Tu) and SelB are translational GTPases that deliver aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) to the ribosome. In each canonical round of translation elongation, aa-tRNAs, assisted by EF-Tu, decode mRNA codons and insert the respective amino acid into the growing peptide chain. Stop codons usually lead to translation termination; however, in special cases UGA codons are recoded to selenocysteine (Sec) with the help of SelB. Recruitment of EF-Tu and SelB together with their respective aa-tRNAs to the ribosome is a multistep process. In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the role of ribosome dynamics in aa-tRNA selection. We describe the path to correct codon recognition by canonical elongator aa-tRNA and Sec-tRNA Sec and discuss the local and global rearrangements of the ribosome in response to correct and incorrect aa-tRNAs. We present the mechanisms of GTPase activation and GTP hydrolysis of EF-Tu and SelB and summarize what is known about the accommodation of aa-tRNA on the ribosome after its release from the elongation factor. We show how ribosome dynamics ensures high selectivity for the cognate aa-tRNA and suggest that conformational fluctuations, induced fit and kinetic discrimination play major roles in maintaining the speed and fidelity of translation. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Perspectives on the ribosome’.

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28

Zhang, Ji, Baoming Bai, Xijin Mu, Hengzhou Xu, Zhen Liu, and Huaan Li. "Construction and Decoding of Rate-Compatible Globally Coupled LDPC Codes." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4397671.

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This paper presents a family of rate-compatible (RC) globally coupled low-density parity-check (GC-LDPC) codes, which is constructed by combining algebraic construction method and graph extension. Specifically, the highest rate code is constructed using the algebraic method and the codes of lower rates are formed by successively extending the graph of the higher rate codes. The proposed rate-compatible codes provide more flexibility in code rate and guarantee the structural property of algebraic construction. It is confirmed, by numerical simulations over the AWGN channel, that the proposed codes have better performances than their counterpart GC-LDPC codes formed by the classical method and exhibit an approximately uniform gap to the capacity over a wide range of rates. Furthermore, a modified two-phase local/global iterative decoding scheme for GC-LDPC codes is proposed. Numerical results show that the proposed decoding scheme can reduce the unnecessary cost of local decoder at low and moderate SNRs, without any increase in the number of decoding iterations in the global decoder at high SNRs.

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29

Lei, Yanchao, Meilin He, Huina Song, Xuyang Teng, Zhirui Hu, Peng Pan, and Haiquan Wang. "A Deep-Neural-Network-Based Decoding Scheme in Wireless Communication Systems." Electronics 12, no. 13 (July 6, 2023): 2973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12132973.

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With the flourishing development of wireless communication, further challenges will be introduced by the future demands of emerging applications. However, in the face of more complex communication scenarios, favorable decoding results may not be yielded by conventional channel decoding schemes based on mathematical models. The remarkable contributions of deep neural networks (DNNs) in various fields have garnered widespread recognition, which has ignited our enthusiasm for their application in wireless communication systems. Therefore, a reliable DNN-based decoding scheme designed for wireless communication systems is proposed. This scheme comprises efficient local decoding using linear and nonlinear operations. To be specific, linear operations are carried out on the edges connecting neurons, while nonlinear operations are performed on each neuron. After forward propagation through the DNN, the loss value is estimated based on the output, and backward propagation is employed to update the weights and biases. This process is performed iteratively until a near-optimal message sequence is recovered. Various factors within the DNN are considered in the simulation and the potential impacts of each factor are analyzed. Simulation results indicate that our proposed DNN-based decoding scheme is superior to the conventional hard decision.

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30

O'Leary, John G., and Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos. "Early Visuomotor Representations Revealed From Evoked Local Field Potentials in Motor and Premotor Cortical Areas." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 3 (September 2006): 1492–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00106.2006.

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Local field potentials (LFPs) recorded from primary motor cortex (MI) have been shown to be tuned to the direction of visually guided reaching movements, but MI LFPs have not been shown to be tuned to the direction of an upcoming movement during the delay period that precedes movement in an instructed-delay reaching task. Also, LFPs in dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) have not been investigated in this context. We therefore recorded LFPs from MI and PMd of monkeys ( Macaca mulatta) and investigated whether these LFPs were tuned to the direction of the upcoming movement during the delay period. In three frequency bands we identified LFP activity that was phase-locked to the onset of the instruction stimulus that specified the direction of the upcoming reach. The amplitude of this activity was often tuned to target direction with tuning widths that varied across different electrodes and frequency bands. Single-trial decoding of LFPs demonstrated that prediction of target direction from this activity was possible well before the actual movement is initiated. Decoding performance was significantly better in the slowest-frequency band compared with that in the other two higher-frequency bands. Although these results demonstrate that task-related information is available in the local field potentials, correlations among these signals recorded from a densely packed array of electrodes suggests that adequate decoding performance for neural prosthesis applications may be limited as the number of simultaneous electrode recordings is increased.

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31

Fırat, Orhan, Mete Özay, Itır Önal, Ilke Öztekin, and Fatoş T. Yarman Vural. "Enhancing Local Linear Models Using Functional Connectivity for Brain State Decoding." International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 7, no. 3 (July 2013): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcini.2013070103.

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The authors propose a statistical learning model for classifying cognitive processes based on distributed patterns of neural activation in the brain, acquired via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In the proposed learning machine, local meshes are formed around each voxel. The distance between voxels in the mesh is determined by using functional neighborhood concept. In order to define functional neighborhood, the similarities between the time series recorded for voxels are measured and functional connectivity matrices are constructed. Then, the local mesh for each voxel is formed by including the functionally closest neighboring voxels in the mesh. The relationship between the voxels within a mesh is estimated by using a linear regression model. These relationship vectors, called Functional Connectivity aware Mesh Arc Descriptors (FC-MAD) are then used to train a statistical learning machine. The proposed method was tested on a recognition memory experiment, including data pertaining to encoding and retrieval of words belonging to ten different semantic categories. Two popular classifiers, namely k-Nearest Neighbor and Support Vector Machine, are trained in order to predict the semantic category of the item being retrieved, based on activation patterns during encoding. The classification performance of the Functional Mesh Learning model, which range in 62-68% is superior to the classical multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) methods, which range in 40-48%, for ten semantic categories.

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32

Kamenev, Mikhail. "On Decoding of Reed-Muller Codes Using a Local Graph Search." IEEE Transactions on Communications 70, no. 2 (February 2022): 739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3128541.

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33

Angjelichinoski, Marko, John Choi, Taposh Banerjee, Bijan Pesaran, and Vahid Tarokh. "Cross-subject decoding of eye movement goals from local field potentials." Journal of Neural Engineering 17, no. 1 (February 19, 2020): 016067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ab6df3.

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34

Chen, Yan, Xinyu Liu, Shan Li, and Hong Wan. "Decoding Pigeon Behavior Outcomes Using Functional Connections among Local Field Potentials." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3505371.

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Recent studies indicate that the local field potential (LFP) carries information about an animal’s behavior, but issues regarding whether there are any relationships between the LFP functional networks and behavior tasks as well as whether it is possible to employ LFP network features to decode the behavioral outcome in a single trial remain unresolved. In this study, we developed a network-based method to decode the behavioral outcomes in pigeons by using the functional connectivity strength values among LFPs recorded from the nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL). In our method, the functional connectivity strengths were first computed based on the synchronization likelihood. Second, the strength values were unwrapped into row vectors and their dimensions were then reduced by principal component analysis. Finally, the behavioral outcomes in single trials were decoded using leave-one-out combined with the k-nearest neighbor method. The results showed that the LFP functional network based on the gamma-band was related to the goal-directed behavior of pigeons. Moreover, the accuracy of the network features (74 ± 8%) was significantly higher than that of the power features (61 ± 12%). The proposed method provides a powerful tool for decoding animal behavior outcomes using a neural functional network.

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Seif, Zahra, and Mohammad Reza Daliri. "Evaluation of local field potential signals in decoding of visual attention." Cognitive Neurodynamics 9, no. 5 (March 10, 2015): 509–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11571-015-9336-2.

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Huang, Jiye, Shanggang Xie, Tongdong Guo, and Zhijin Zhao. "Hardware Decoding Accelerator of (73, 37, 13) QR Code for Power Line Carrier in UPIoT." Journal of Sensors 2021 (March 16, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6699555.

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The proposal of the ubiquitous power Internet of Things (UPIoT) has increased the demand for communication coverage and data collection of smart grid; the quantity and quality of communication networks are facing greater challenges. This brief applies (73, 37, 13) quadratic residue (QR) codes to power line carrier technology to improve the quality of local data communication in UPIoT. In order to improve the decoding performance of the QR codes, an induction method for the error pattern is proposed, which can divide the originally coupled error pattern into six parts and reuse the same module for decoding. This method greatly reduces the resource requirements, so that (73, 37, 13) QR code can be implemented on FPGA hardware. Notably, the hardware architecture is a modular framework, which can fit into an FPGA with different sizes. As an example (73, 37, 13), QR code is implemented on Intel Arria10 FPGA; the experimental result shows that the maximum decoding frequency of this architecture is 21.7 M Hz, which achieves 4121x speedup compared to CPU. Moreover, the proposed architecture benefits from high flexibility, such as modular design and decoding framework in the form of the pipeline which can be seen as an alternative scheme for decoding long-length QR codes.

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Klaudi Klausen, Kurt. "Models of structural design in Danish local government." Politica 53, no. 3 (September 6, 2021): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/politica.v53i3.130463.

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Danish local governments are using a multitude of governance paradigms, primarily NPM and NPG. It is argued that governance takes the form of packages of design and steering mechanisms that materialize in various models such as the classic bureaucratic organization, the business model, and the corporate model of local government. The historical development of successive packages is explained as attempts to achieve strategic design fit and as isomorphic processes of symbolic adapting. Managers have to be capable of decoding the mix of paradigms, live with the ambiguities and inconsistencies and adapt via strategic maneuvering in order to create meaning and legitimacy.

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Sudharsan, V., and B. Yamuna. "Support Vector Machine based Decoding Algorithm for BCH Codes." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2016.2.728.

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Modern communication systems require robust, adaptable and high performance decoders for efficient data transmission. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a margin based classification and regression technique. In this paper, decoding of Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem codes has been approached as a multi-class classification problem using SVM. In conventional decoding algorithms, the procedure for decoding is usually fixed irrespective of the SNR environment in which the transmission takes place, but SVM being a machinelearning algorithm is adaptable to the communication environment. Since the construction of SVM decoder model uses the training data set, application specific decoders can be designed by choosing the training size efficiently. With the soft margin width in SVM being controlled by an equation, which has been formulated as a quadratic programming problem, there are no local minima issues in SVM and is robust to outliers.

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Ji, Tianbo, Chenyang Lyu, Zhichao Cao, and Peng Cheng. "Multi-Hop Question Generation Using Hierarchical Encoding-Decoding and Context Switch Mechanism." Entropy 23, no. 11 (October 31, 2021): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23111449.

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Neural auto-regressive sequence-to-sequence models have been dominant in text generation tasks, especially the question generation task. However, neural generation models suffer from the global and local semantic semantic drift problems. Hence, we propose the hierarchical encoding–decoding mechanism that aims at encoding rich structure information of the input passages and reducing the variance in the decoding phase. In the encoder, we hierarchically encode the input passages according to its structure at four granularity-levels: [word, chunk, sentence, document]-level. Second, we progressively select the context vector from the document-level representations to the word-level representations at each decoding time step. At each time-step in the decoding phase, we progressively select the context vector from the document-level representations to word-level. We also propose the context switch mechanism that enables the decoder to use the context vector from the last step when generating the current word at each time-step.It provides a means of improving the stability of the text generation process during the decoding phase when generating a set of consecutive words. Additionally, we inject syntactic parsing knowledge to enrich the word representations. Experimental results show that our proposed model substantially improves the performance and outperforms previous baselines according to both automatic and human evaluation. Besides, we implement a deep and comprehensive analysis of generated questions based on their types.

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Natarajan, Rama, Quentin J. M. Huys, Peter Dayan, and Richard S. Zemel. "Encoding and Decoding Spikes for Dynamic Stimuli." Neural Computation 20, no. 9 (September 2008): 2325–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2008.01-07-436.

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Naturally occurring sensory stimuli are dynamic. In this letter, we consider how spiking neural populations might transmit information about continuous dynamic stimulus variables. The combination of simple encoders and temporal stimulus correlations leads to a code in which information is not readily available to downstream neurons. Here, we explore a complex encoder that is paired with a simple decoder that allows representation and manipulation of the dynamic information in neural systems. The encoder we present takes the form of a biologically plausible recurrent spiking neural network where the output population recodes its inputs to produce spikes that are independently decodeable. We show that this network can be learned in a supervised manner by a simple local learning rule.

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Ahmadi, Amirmasoud, Abed Khorasani, Vahid Shalchyan, and Mohammad Reza Daliri. "State-Based Decoding of Force Signals From Multi-Channel Local Field Potentials." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 159089–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3019267.

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Cramer, Ronald, Chaoping Xing, and Chen Yuan. "Efficient Multi-Point Local Decoding of Reed-Muller Codes via Interleaved Codex." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 66, no. 1 (January 2020): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2019.2939135.

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Kopparty, Swastik, and Shubhangi Saraf. "Local List-Decoding and Testing of Random Linear Codes from High Error." SIAM Journal on Computing 42, no. 3 (January 2013): 1302–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/100811945.

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Parto Dezfouli, Mohsen, and Mohammad Reza Daliri. "Single-Trial Decoding from Local Field Potential Using Bag of Word Representation." Brain Topography 33, no. 1 (July 30, 2019): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10548-019-00726-8.

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Im, Changkyun, Hae Yong Park, Chin Su Koh, Sang Baek Ryu, In Seok Seo, Yong Jung Kim, Kyung Hwan Kim, and Hyung-Cheul Shin. "Decoding intravesical pressure from local field potentials in rat lumbosacral spinal cord." Journal of Neural Engineering 13, no. 5 (August 15, 2016): 056005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/13/5/056005.

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Kellis, Spencer, Kai Miller, Kyle Thomson, Richard Brown, Paul House, and Bradley Greger. "Decoding spoken words using local field potentials recorded from the cortical surface." Journal of Neural Engineering 7, no. 5 (September 1, 2010): 056007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/7/5/056007.

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Vargas-Irwin, C. E., G. Shakhnarovich, P. Yadollahpour, J. M. K. Mislow, M. J. Black, and J. P. Donoghue. "Decoding Complete Reach and Grasp Actions from Local Primary Motor Cortex Populations." Journal of Neuroscience 30, no. 29 (July 21, 2010): 9659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.5443-09.2010.

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Modolo, Julien, Mahmoud Hassan, Fabrice Wendling, and Pascal Benquet. "Decoding the circuitry of consciousness: From local microcircuits to brain-scale networks." Network Neuroscience 4, no. 2 (January 2020): 315–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/netn_a_00119.

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Identifying the physiological processes underlying the emergence and maintenance of consciousness is one of the most fundamental problems of neuroscience, with implications ranging from fundamental neuroscience to the treatment of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOCs). One major challenge is to understand how cortical circuits at drastically different spatial scales, from local networks to brain-scale networks, operate in concert to enable consciousness, and how those processes are impaired in DOC patients. In this review, we attempt to relate available neurophysiological and clinical data with existing theoretical models of consciousness, while linking the micro- and macrocircuit levels. First, we address the relationships between awareness and wakefulness on the one hand, and cortico-cortical and thalamo-cortical connectivity on the other hand. Second, we discuss the role of three main types of GABAergic interneurons in specific circuits responsible for the dynamical reorganization of functional networks. Third, we explore advances in the functional role of nested oscillations for neural synchronization and communication, emphasizing the importance of the balance between local (high-frequency) and distant (low-frequency) activity for efficient information processing. The clinical implications of these theoretical considerations are presented. We propose that such cellular-scale mechanisms could extend current theories of consciousness.

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Fyfe, Gordon, and Max Ross. "Decoding the Visitor's Gaze: Rethinking Museum Visiting." Sociological Review 43, no. 1_suppl (May 1995): 127–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1995.tb03428.x.

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This chapter reports preliminary findings from visitor research being executed by one of the authors in a conurbation of the English Midlands. The fieldwork consists of fifteen in-depth interviews administered at a random sample of households and with a total of circa 35 subjects. The report places the research design in the theoretical contexts of class, culture and locality, presents data from three interviews and provides a detailed analysis of one interview. The data suggest: (1) that local museums are mediators between identity and structure; (2) that museum meanings are diversely determined in relation to the class trajectories of subjects; (3) that museum visiting is to be understood as a social relationship rather than as an attribute of individuals and (4) that subjects readily conceptualize locality and identity through the visual vocabulary of museums and heritage sites.

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Lin, He Zhi, Kun Qing Wu, and Lian Fen Huang. "The Realization of MP3 Player System Based on Mediastreamer2 Framework." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 2494–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.2494.

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In this paper, we modify some interface functions of the open source high quality MPEG audio decoder library (MAD) based on the Mediastreamer2 structure. The MP3 player system can support the normal playing of the local audio files at the same time of decoding. Under the test of S3C6410, the system designing in playing the local MP3 files is available, and with a lower utilization ratio of RAM and CPU.

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