Academic literature on the topic 'Local decision system'
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Journal articles on the topic "Local decision system"
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Koch, Roy W., and Roderick L. Allen. "Decision Support System for Local Water Management." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 112, no. 4 (October 1986): 527–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1986)112:4(527).
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Mirian, Maryam S., Majid Nili Ahmadabadi, Babak N. Araabi, and Roland R. Siegwart. "Learning Active Fusion of Multiple Experts' Decisions: An Attention-Based Approach." Neural Computation 23, no. 2 (February 2011): 558–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00079.
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In this letter, we propose a learning system, active decision fusion learning (ADFL), for active fusion of decisions. Each decision maker, referred to as a local decision maker, provides its suggestion in the form of a probability distribution over all possible decisions. The goal of the system is to learn the active sequential selection of the local decision makers in order to consult with and thus learn the final decision based on the consultations. These two learning tasks are formulated as learning a single sequential decision-making problem in the form of a Markov decision process (MDP), and a continuous reinforcement learning method is employed to solve it. The states of this MDP are decisions of the attended local decision makers, and the actions are either attending to a local decision maker or declaring final decisions. The learning system is punished for each consultation and wrong final decision and rewarded for correct final decisions. This results in minimizing the consultation and decision-making costs through learning a sequential consultation policy where the most informative local decision makers are consulted and the least informative, misleading, and redundant ones are left unattended. An important property of this policy is that it acts locally. This means that the system handles any nonuniformity in the local decision maker's expertise over the state space. This property has been exploited in the design of local experts. ADFL is tested on a set of classification tasks, where it outperforms two well-known classification methods, Adaboost and bagging, as well as three benchmark fusion algorithms: OWA, Borda count, and majority voting. In addition, the effect of local experts design strategy on the performance of ADFL is studied, and some guidelines for the design of local experts are provided. Moreover, evaluating ADFL in some special cases proves that it is able to derive the maximum benefit from the informative local decision makers and to minimize attending to redundant ones.
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Esteva, Juan Carolos, V. M. Rao Tummala, and Sergio Antiochia. "Decision Support System for Local Area Network Procurement." Information Resources Management Journal 6, no. 2 (April 1993): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/irmj.1993040101.
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Luo, Junhai, and Xiaoting He. "A Soft–Hard Combination Decision Fusion Scheme for a Clustered Distributed Detection System with Multiple Sensors." Sensors 18, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 4370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124370.
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In the distributed detection system with multiple sensors, there are two ways for local sensors to deliver their local decisions to the fusion center (FC): a one-bit hard decision and a multiple-bit soft decision. Compared with the soft decision, the hard decision has worse detection performance due to the loss of sensing information but has the main advantage of smaller communication costs. To get a tradeoff between communication costs and detection performance, we propose a soft–hard combination decision fusion scheme for the clustered distributed detection system with multiple sensors and non-ideal communication channels. A clustered distributed detection system is configured by a fuzzy logic system and a fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. In clusters, each local sensor transmits its local multiple-bit soft decision to its corresponding cluster head (CH) under the non-ideal channel, in which a simple and efficient soft decision fusion method is used. Between clusters, the fusion center combines all cluster heads’ one-bit hard decisions into a final global decision by using an optimal fusion rule. We show that the clustered distributed system with the proposed scheme has a good performance that is close to that of the centralized system, but it consumes much less energy than the centralized system at the same time. In addition, the system with the proposed scheme significantly outperforms the conventional distributed detection system that only uses a hard decision fusion. Using simulation results, we also show that the detection performance increases when more bits are delivered in the soft decision in the distributed detection system.
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BK, Upendra Bahadur. "The Exclusion of Dalits in Local Governance." Scholars' Journal 6 (December 31, 2023): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/scholars.v6i1.69994.
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In order to guarantee citizen participation in the decision-making stages of governance, the federal system of governance in Nepal distributes state authorities across the national and sub-nation al levels. From an equity perspective, local governance becomes even more fundamental when oppressed and marginalized people participate in decision-making. Examining the degree of Dalit subordination in local government decision-making is the article’s goal. In addition to critically analyzing relevant material pertaining to the research issue, the researcher employed a narrative approach to gather lived experiences of Dalits in local politics. It was discovered that Dalits are silenced at the local government decision-making levels. The elites (thulabada) in the settlements effectively explain and capture the needs of local developments, but Dalits remain unheard. The elected elites conduct the executive and topic committee meetings and consultations. Dalit elected members continue to yield to decisions that are supported by non-Dalits. Dalits are positioned at the bottom of the caste system by the dominant ideology that has permeated the community. As a result, Dalits are purposefully ignored by society, socio culturally disintegrated, and weak in politics. Dalits’ views are excluded from local government decisions and resources since they are not represented in executive positions within the local government. The community is divided along caste lines by the deeply ingrained psychology of the caste system.
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Meyer, Friederike, and Conrad Boley. "Hazard assessment for potential slope debris flow areas by a local scaled Decision Support System." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 161, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2010/0161-0163.
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Degang, Chen, and Zhao Suyun. "Local reduction of decision system with fuzzy rough sets." Fuzzy Sets and Systems 161, no. 13 (July 2010): 1871–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fss.2009.12.010.
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Suhendro, Saring. "Optimalization Decisions Of Local Governmental In Indonesia." E-Jurnal Akuntansi 32, no. 9 (September 12, 2022): 2822. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/eja.2022.v32.i09.p15.
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The application of the local government finance system currently being used is one of the facilities from the Ministry of Home Affairs to local governments in the field of regional financial management to strengthen perceptions of regional financial management systems and procedures. This study looks at how task and user characteristics will affect the success of accounting information systems and optimal decision quality of all local governments by adopting the theory of Petter, Delone, and McLean (2013). Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to all residents of the provincial/district/ city governments in Indonesia, as many as 111 units of analysis. The data was processed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). This is a cross-sectional study viewed from a time horizon. The results showed a positive effect of task and user characteristics on accounting information systems and optimal head decisions decisions.
Keywords: Task Characteristics; User Characteristics; Accounting Information System; Optimal Decision and Local Government.
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Hyder, Ayaz, Anne Trinh, Pranav Padmanabhan, John Marschhausen, Alexander Wu, Alexander Evans, Radhika Iyer, and Alexandria Jones. "COVID-19 Surveillance for Local Decision Making." Public Health Reports 136, no. 4 (May 12, 2021): 403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549211018203.
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Objective Data-informed decision making is valued among school districts, but challenges remain for local health departments to provide data, especially during a pandemic. We describe the rapid planning and deployment of a school-based COVID-19 surveillance system in a metropolitan US county. Methods In 2020, we used several data sources to construct disease- and school-based indicators for COVID-19 surveillance in Franklin County, an urban county in central Ohio. We collected, processed, analyzed, and visualized data in the COVID-19 Analytics and Targeted Surveillance System for Schools (CATS). CATS included web-based applications (public and secure versions), automated alerts, and weekly reports for the general public and decision makers, including school administrators, school boards, and local health departments. Results We deployed a pilot version of CATS in less than 2 months (August–September 2020) and added 21 school districts in central Ohio (15 in Franklin County and 6 outside the county) into CATS during the subsequent months. Public-facing web-based applications provided parents and students with local information for data-informed decision making. We created an algorithm to enable local health departments to precisely identify school districts and school buildings at high risk of an outbreak and active SARS-CoV-2 transmission in school settings. Practice Implications Piloting a surveillance system with diverse school districts helps scale up to other districts. Leveraging past relationships and identifying emerging partner needs were critical to rapid and sustainable collaboration. Valuing diverse skill sets is key to rapid deployment of proactive and innovative public health practices during a global pandemic.
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Erazo Navas, Carlos Felipe, Alejandro Echavarria Yepes, Sepideh Abolghasem, and Giacomo Barbieri. "MTConnect-based decision support system for local machine tool monitoring." Procedia Computer Science 180 (2021): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.130.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Local decision system"
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Mira, Hurtado Teresa <1977>. "Decision support system in local development agendas: Chilean case study." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/931.
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“Development” embodies the yearning of the present time. However, what is understood by development has been varying over time. It can be said that the concept has evolved from a markedly economic meaning to one with a considerable social and human component that therefore includes an environmental value. This has a substantial connotation. Because it concerns people’s goals and achievements, the concept, in terms of its use in management, applies specifically to a territory. In consequence, development is strongly related to its spatial nuance. In the early 21st century, in a context of globalization and expanding frontiers, local development is more likely to achieve a greater success.
Analogously, today human thought evolution manages to dissociate itself from more than four centuries of tradition. Rationalism, reductionism and empirical thought give way to an ample vision of “the whole” that requires the incorporation of complexity. The systems, the relations more than the parts, the synergies, among other elements, become fundamental to facing the new challenges of the present time. This is the case of sustainability.
This conceptual framework is what is now used in the design and implementation of public policies. They deal with people, the environment, what is local and what is global, the market, the resources, with temporality. All are one element in a changing, assiduously dynamic reality that requires new tools to confront it. Local governments, as development “agents”, consciously address this yawning variety. Different tools have arisen to manage the inclusion of complexity and to support local governments in their task.
Local development in Chile has had its own records. Morphology and history have affected its background, carried out inefficiencies in the traditional management system of the local development. A progress in these matters calls for the incorporation of new tools, which strengthen governance, accountability and legitimacy. Hence, Chilean local management needs an improvement for accurate, participatory, flexible, coherent, operative and strategic planning, of the decision-making process.
The research is carried out in this context. It proposes a methodology that interprets a social process that reinforces the participative democracy, transparency, coherence, and which engages ethical positions. It looks to improve the quality of the political process, gathering in the development duty the citizenry and the public, by the construction of local agenda.
The research gives way to a project which aims at improving current local development management in the Chilean perspective, proposing the reinforcement of instruments in order to achieve its goals, within the framework of a sustainable perspective. The proposal intends to overhaul the Chilean planning development instrument approaching procedures (how to do) by a flexible decisions support tool. In other words, to position the Communal Development Plan (PLADECO) as the Mayor’s agenda during his term in office, incorporating the community into political decisions.
The proposal is carried out through cooperation between the United Nations Economic Commission of Latin America and the Caribbean and the Subsecretariat of Regional and Administrative Development of the Government of Chile. It involves the Regional Governments and is implemented in four Municipalities of Chile.Lo sviluppo rappresenta uno degli impegni più gravosi del nostro tempo. Tuttavia, il concetto di “sviluppo” continua a variare. Se può affermare che ha evoluto di un significato prettamente economico a una concezione con una componente sociale e umana predominante, che tiene in considerazione il valore dell'ambiente. Questo passaggio ha un’importanza cruciale. Nello specifico, il concetto di sviluppo è legato agli obiettivi e ai risultati di una società composta di persone, ed è quindi applicato a un ambito di azione limitato, ovvero ad un particolare territorio. All’inizio del 21° secolo, in un contesto di globalizzazione e di espansione delle frontiere, la forte connotazione spaziale del concetto di sviluppo decreta il successo delle azioni portate avanti a livello locale. Analogamente, oggi lo sviluppo del pensiero umano è riuscito a dissociarsi da più di quattro secoli di tradizione. Il pensiero cartesiano, riduzionista ed empirico conducono ad un'ampia visione “del tutto" che richiede l'incorporazione della complessità. I sistemi, i rapporti e i sinergismi, tra altri, diventano alcuni degli elementi fondamentali ad affrontare le nuove sfide del tempo attuale. Qui entra in gioco il concetto di sostenibilità. Quest’approccio viene applicato per la definizione e l’implementazione di politiche pubbliche, che affrontano questioni legate alla popolazione, all’ambiente, a problemi a livello locale e globale, al mercato, alla gestione delle risorse. Tutte fanno parte di una realtà dinamica e mutevole, la cui gestione sempre i nuovi strumenti per confrontarla. Approcci e strumenti specifici sono quindi stati definiti per sostenere gli Enti Locali, quali principali “agenti" dello sviluppo nella gestione quotidiana di problematiche complesse. In Cile lo sviluppo locale ha seguito un percorso indipendente. Sia la morfologia del territorio che la storia del Paese hanno contribuito a creare una situazione che rivela le inefficienze nel sistema tradizionale di gestione dello sviluppo locale. Un effettivo progresso richiede l'incorporazione dei nuovi strumenti, allo scopo di rafforzare la governance, l'accountability e la legittimità. Quindi, la gestione dello sviluppo locale cileno necessita di un importante intervento per essere in grado di definire e sostenere processi decisionali accurati, partecipati, flessibili e coerenti. Questo è il contesto della presente ricerca, che propone una metodologia per interpretare un processo sociale allo scopo di una democrazia partecipativa, trasparenza e coerenza, di tenere in considerazione. In questo modo si cerca di migliorare la qualità del processo politico, guidando la cittadinanza e le istituzioni nel processo di sviluppo, tramite la definizione di un'agenda locale. La ricerca è stata applicata a un miglioramento della gestione dello sviluppo locale in Cile. Propone l’applicazione e il potenziamento di strumenti ad hoc per realizzare i obiettivi specifici, nel quadro di una prospettiva sostenibile. La proposta intende revisionare e facilitare l'applicazione dello strumento cileno di pianificazione dello sviluppo locale, promuovendo procedure tramite da un approccio flessibile di supporto decisionale. In tal modo il progetto vuole inserire il Programma di Sviluppo Comunale (PLADECO) nell’agenda dei Sindaci durante il loro mandato, includendo la comunità nelle decisioni politiche. Il progetto è stato realizzato in quattro Comuni del Cile tramite la partecipazione attiva dei Governi Regionali, ed è stato sviluppato in collaborazione con la Commissione Economica delle Nazioni Unite di America Latina e dei Caraibi e il Sottosegretariato dello Sviluppo Regionale ed Amministrativo del Governo del Cile.
El “desarrollo” sigue representando el anhelo de la actualidad. No obstante, lo que se entiende por desarrollo ha ido variando en el tiempo. Se puede afirmar que el concepto ha evolucionado de una acepción marcadamente económica a un concepto con una gran componente social, humana, y a una intertemporalidad, poniendo de manifiesto el valor del medio ambiente. Esto tiene una connotación de suma importancia. Al hablar de sociedad compuesta por personas, se lleva el concepto a una aplicabilidad acotada a un escenario de acción, es decir, a un territorio. Así se encuentra hoy al desarrollo fuertemente ligado a su connotación espacial, donde en el contexto de inicios del siglo XXI, de la globalización y ampliación de las fronteras, es el desarrollo local el que alcanza el mayor éxito. Análogamente, la evolución en el pensamiento humano no ha estado exenta de importantes cambios que logran disociarse de más de cuatro siglos de herencia. El pensamiento cartesiano, reduccionista y empírico, da paso a una visión más amplia del todo, que requiere la incorporación de la complejidad. Los sistemas, las relaciones más que las partes, las sinergias, pasan a ser aspectos fundamentales para enfrentar los nuevos desafíos de la actualidad. Este es el caso de la “sostenibilidad”. Resulta éste el escenario de las políticas públicas, que tratan con personas, con el entorno, con lo global y lo local, con el mercado, con los recursos, con una temporalidad, todo parte de una realidad cambiante, asiduamente dinámica que requiere nuevas herramientas para enfrentarla. Los Gobiernos Locales, en su labor de agentes del desarrollo, están cada vez más conscientes de esta profunda complejidad, observación que ha tenido importantes implicancias en las políticas públicas. De esta forma han surgido diferentes instrumentos y herramientas que buscan responder a estas necesidades y apoyar a los Gobiernos en su misión. El desarrollo local en Chile ha seguido su propio recorrido. Tanto la morfología como su historia han influenciado un desenlace que revela ineficiencias en el sistema tradicional de gestión del desarrollo. Para avanzar en estas materias se requiere de la incorporación de nuevas herramientas que consoliden la gobernanza, la rendición de cuentas y la legitimidad. De este modo, la gestión del desarrollo local chileno apela a una mejora en la operatividad, participación, flexibilidad, coherencia y visión estratégica del proceso de toma de decisiones. Éste es el contexto en el cual se enmarca el presente estudio, donde se propone una metodología que interprete el proceso social donde se refuercen la democracia participativa, la transparencia, la coherencia y se involucren posiciones éticas. Así, se busca mejorar la calidad del proceso político, coaccionando a la ciudadanía y a los distintos niveles gubernamentales en la tarea del desarrollo, mediante la construcción de la agenda local. La investigación da paso a un proyecto que busca mejorar la gestión del desarrollo local en la perspectiva chilena, proponiendo reforzar los instrumentos existentes para alcanzar estos objetivos bajo una perspectiva de sostenibilidad. La propuesta realiza una revisión del instrumento de planificación del desarrollo local Chileno promoviendo procedimientos (cómo hacer) mediante una herramienta flexible de apoyo a la toma de decisiones. En otras palabras, posicionar el Plan de Desarrollo Comunal (PLADECO) de modo que represente la agenda de acciones del Alcalde durante su período ejercicio, la cual considere a la comunidad en las decisiones políticas. La propuesta se desarrolla a través una cooperación conjunta entre la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe de Naciones Unidas y la Subsecretaría de Desarrollo Regional y Administrativo del Gobierno de Chile, involucra a los Gobiernos Regionales y se implementa en cuatro Municipios de Chile.
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Lee, Hee-Bong. "A study of the local government borrowing decision making system in Korea." Thesis, Online version, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.251846.
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Al, Assaf Safwan. "An expert decision support system for strategic housing management in local authorities." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305094.
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Woodring, Wade Dodd. "A decision support system for planning the athlete transportation system serving the 1996 sumer olympics games." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23415.
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Thiede, David Michael. "A rail transit decision support system for the 1996 summer olympics." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25025.
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O, Siu-lan Isis, and 柯笑蘭. "Building an effective decision support system: a study for a local retailer of telecommunicationproducts." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31264724.
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Brough, Richard. "The design and construction of a decision-support system for planning local hospital services." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1985. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/34791/.
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This research addressed a major and widespread problem in the NHS: information for operational planning. The approach has been to analyse the needs of management in this field in a particular health district and to develop a system in response to these needs of use in the particular District and generally in the NHS. The emphasis had been on the identification and quantification of relationships between elements of the District important to corporate planning, so that the feasibility and effects of planning choices can be assessed. Particular attention has been paid to the attitudes, values and concerns of senior managers and doctors in the NHS throughout the project. Research began in October 1979 on the development of a database and model of the former North East District of KCWAHA. This health district contained a large undergraduate teaching hospital (The Middlesex), two large psychiatric hospitals, and several smaller specialist hospitals. The purpose of the decision-support system is to enable management to explore rapidly the implications of operational planning optlons over several years. It does not recommend which option should be followed. Plans are tested in terms of the bed capacity of general wards and specialist units. The revenue costs of an option are estimated using a detailed analysis of which types of change cause which types of cost to vary within the District. The model then assesses the non-financial consequences for the operating theatres and service departments, and the effects on nurse training. The research has shown that it is feasible to build and maintain such a model and database with very limited clerical support. The output from the system has been found useful by management. This development has generated considerable support for further research. The assumptions of the model and the procedures for updating the database are fully documented. Procedures for implementing the system in another health district are also available. The model runs on the computer at Imperial College, University of London. The research programme continues with the extension of the model to cover the whole of the new Bloomsbury District (including University College Hospital), where the use of the system has had a substantial impact on decisionmaking at the most senior level.
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Kanwal, Summrina. "Towards a novel medical diagnosis system for clinical decision support system applications." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25397.
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Clinical diagnosis of chronic disease is a vital and challenging research problem which requires intensive clinical practice guidelines in order to ensure consistent and efficient patient care. Conventional medical diagnosis systems inculcate certain limitations, like complex diagnosis processes, lack of expertise, lack of well described procedures for conducting diagnoses, low computing skills, and so on. Automated clinical decision support system (CDSS) can help physicians and radiologists to overcome these challenges by combining the competency of radiologists and physicians with the capabilities of computers. CDSS depend on many techniques from the fields of image acquisition, image processing, pattern recognition, machine learning as well as optimization for medical data analysis to produce efficient diagnoses. In this dissertation, we discuss the current challenges in designing an efficient CDSS as well as a number of the latest techniques (while identifying best practices for each stage of the framework) to meet these challenges by finding informative patterns in the medical dataset, analysing them and building a descriptive model of the object of interest and thus aiding in medical diagnosis. To meet these challenges, we propose an extension of conventional clinical decision support system framework, by incorporating artificial immune network (AIN) based hyper-parameter optimization as integral part of it. We applied the conventional as well as optimized CDSS on four case studies (most of them comprise medical images) for efficient medical diagnosis and compared the results. The first key contribution is the novel application of a local energy-based shape histogram (LESH) as the feature set for the recognition of abnormalities in mammograms. We investigated the implication of this technique for the mammogram datasets of the Mammographic Image Analysis Society and INbreast. In the evaluation, regions of interest were extracted from the mammograms, their LESH features were calculated, and they were fed to support vector machine (SVM) and echo state network (ESN) classifiers. In addition, the impact of selecting a subset of LESH features based on the classification performance was also observed and benchmarked against a state-of-the-art wavelet based feature extraction method. The second key contribution is to apply the LESH technique to detect lung cancer. The JSRT Digital Image Database of chest radiographs was selected for research experimentation. Prior to LESH feature extraction, we enhanced the radiograph images using a contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) approach. Selected state-of-the-art cognitive machine learning classifiers, namely the extreme learning machine (ELM), SVM and ESN, were then applied using the LESH extracted features to enable the efficient diagnosis of a correct medical state (the existence of benign or malignant cancer) in the x-ray images. Comparative simulation results, evaluated using the classification accuracy performance measure, were further benchmarked against state-of-the-art wavelet based features, and authenticated the distinct capability of our proposed framework for enhancing the diagnosis outcome. As the third contribution, this thesis presents a novel technique for detecting breast cancer in volumetric medical images based on a three-dimensional (3D) LESH model. It is a hybrid approach, and combines the 3D LESH feature extraction technique with machine learning classifiers to detect breast cancer from MRI images. The proposed system applies CLAHE to the MRI images before extracting the 3D LESH features. Furthermore, a selected subset of features is fed to a machine learning classifier, namely the SVM, ELM or ESN, to detect abnormalities and to distinguish between different stages of abnormality. The results indicate the high performance of the proposed system. When compared with the wavelet-based feature extraction technique, statistical analysis testifies to the significance of our proposed algorithm. The fourth contribution is a novel application of the (AIN) for optimizing machine learning classification algorithms as part of CDSS. We employed our proposed technique in conjunction with selected machine learning classifiers, namely the ELM, SVM and ESN, and validated it using the benchmark medical datasets of PIMA India diabetes and BUPA liver disorders, two-dimensional (2D) medical images, namely MIAS and INbreast and JSRT chest radiographs, as well as on the three-dimensional TCGA-BRCA breast MRI dataset. The results were investigated using the classification accuracy measure and the learning time. We also compared our methodology with the benchmarked multi-objective genetic algorithm (ES)-based optimization technique. The results authenticate the potential of the AIN optimised CDSS.
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Sagoo, Amritpal S. "A decision support system for evaluating local authority housing maintenance strategies in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Derby, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/333331.
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The lack of smart resources management and servicescape strategies within the social housing sector in the late 1970s influenced the rise of successive Governments to consider the restructuring of the traditional ‘cumbersome’ Local Authority based structures and approaches toward more ‘enterprise focussed’ management organisations (Sharp & Jones 2012). This change in central Government policy encouraged Local Authorities to assign through outsourcing their housing stock (including associated asset management services) as part of a Large Scale Voluntary Transfer (LSVT) via a process of compulsory competitive tendering to Housing Associations and/or set up Housing Trusts to increase the accountability, efficiency, and effectiveness of social housing and healthcare provision in the local community. As part of this modernisation process, all social housing and community care providers (also known as ‘Registered Social Landlords’ - RSLs) became subject to statutory audits, inspections and regulation, and performance management, to ensure the service quality delivery requirements. More recently, however, changes in the legislative framework have introduced choice-based letting policy, putting the customer first, service delivery and additionally RSLs are required to act as ‘Corporate Social Landlords’. These changes have focused RSLs attention on the need to sharpen service responsiveness, especially in the area of housing maintenance management (DETR 2000). Previous research (Holmes 1985; Spedding 1990; Johnston 1993; Stewart & Stoker 1995; Olubodun 1996, 2000, 2001; Sagoo et al. 1996; El-Haram & Horner 2002; Kangwa & Olubodun 2003, 2005; Boussabaine & Kirkham 2004; Jones & Cooper 2007; Prowle 2009; Babangida et al. 2012) has mainly concentrated on analysing maintenance management factors at the micro level; developing maintenance models and framework design for operational level. However, in the social housing sector, there have been no studies undertaken to date that have been focused on housing maintenance strategies – for example, how this is formulated, the key drivers of change and the impact on customer orientated service delivery. The purpose of this study is to identify the critical factors that drive the decision-making process in order to formulate responsive housing maintenance strategies and to develop a decision support model to improve customer service delivery of social housing provision. Research methodology Through a process of qualitative case study, pilot questionnaire surveys, workshops and qualitative in-depth interviews, the research has identified how the housing maintenance strategies are formulated and how social housing providers could enhance customer service delivery. The study comprised four phases in order to reflect the key objectives of the research. The first phase comprised a review of literature on social housing provision in the UK, identifying relevant changes in the legislative framework, an assessment of the challenges faced by RSLs and the key factors influencing performance of social housing provision. This phase also included undertaking a case study based on five different RSLs to examine the ‘real problems’ as to how and to what extent RSLs have adopted their organisation in order to meet the changes and challenges which they now face. The second phase investigated the key service factors impacting on housing maintenance strategy design and development through the use of a pilot study questionnaire directed to the asset managers (participating in the survey) and also included a selection of end users of the services (tenants). This phase identified the differences between the perceptions of service providers and the expectations of the service users. A key feature of this phase entailed conducting a workshop to disseminate findings of the pilot study. The workshop also formed a basis for ‘in-depth’ discussions for identifying the key factors, their descriptions, their interactions with each other, their inter-relationships with the tenant type, and their combined impact on formulating responsive housing maintenance strategy. The third phase of the study entailed eliciting qualitative data from the participants using the Repertory Grid (RG) ‘in-depth’ interview technique - a psychology tool in order to gain a deeper understanding of the core important ‘constructs’ and sub-constructs, their characteristics, their inter-relationships in the design and development of effective housing asset maintenance strategies. The fourth phase of this study entailed the development of a decision support system and the qualitative validation of the relationships found to exist between the constructs examined in phase three together with the testing of the model over a period of two months with four of the participating social housing providers. Findings The key findings arising from this research suggest that the design and development of value for money maintenance strategies within the public housing sector, are not solely based on physical factors related to the age, condition, location, construction type for example, but rather it was found that the majority of the asset management decisions made, were dependent upon a multivariate of key factors. The study identified 52 key factors, which when grouped together formed seven key cluster (Customer risk factors, Asset manager risk factors, Tenancy risk factors, Neighbourhood and community sustainability risk factors, Financial and economic risk factors, continuous service improvement risk factors and corporate risk factors) which are both ‘unique’ and ‘novel’ and are identified as having a direct influence on the formulation of housing maintenance strategy. These factors should not be considered in isolation and are more akin to the business success factors. The business ‘Balanced Scorecard’ (BSC) was evaluated and used as the basis for a ‘best fit’ model which was tested against four RSL to confirm its validity and its appropriateness. The responses obtained from these trials has indicated that the BSC provides a working tool capable of enhancing RSL organisational capabilities and service delivery effectiveness but also able to incorporate customer views regarding service delivery. This research makes major contributions to the existing limited pool of knowledge relating to strategic asset management within social housing sector and in addition, provides an insight into how housing maintenance strategy can be developed to incorporate feedback from customers (tenants) regarding the quality and responsive service delivery. The research also demonstrates the potential value of the BSC approach to the management tool capable of generating a competitive edge in line with government policy which is currently directed towards encouraging RSLs to adopt a commercial business approach to their operations. The research also demonstrates that the adoption of a decision support system in the form of BSC has the potential to provide useful assistance to RSLs intending to move away from the traditional public sector approaches to management (a more private sector orientated) approach to their operations. The research also shows that asset managers experience little difficulty in understanding the principles behind the BSC approach and its application. In addition, the cascading effect of BSC in housing maintenance strategy means that the strategy can be converted into measurable actions at the operational levels thereby providing a direct link between strategy and its implementation. Due to the absence of suitable benchmarking data, score rating derived from the RG were adopted by asset managers. This approach was found to be highly sensitive in assessing service delivery constructs.
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O, Siu-lan Isis. "Building an effective decision support system : a study for a local retailer of telecommunication products /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12792767.
Full textBooks on the topic "Local decision system"
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Hämmerle, Walter. Zwischen Konkurrenz und Konsens: Entscheidungsregeln im kommunalen politischen System. Opladen: Leske + Budrich, 2000.
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Trust, American Farmland, ed. Survey of geographic information systems for natural resources decision making at the local level. Washington, D. C: The Trust, 1985.
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Brough, Richard. The design and construction of a decision-support system for planning local hospital services. [s.l.]: typescript, 1985.
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Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (Program), ed. Piloting local decision making in the development of a REDD+ compliant benefit distribution system for Viet Nam: Final report. Hanoi?]: UNREDD Programme, 2012.
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J, Adams Roy. Decision support systems in academic libraries. Wetherby, West Yorkshire: British Library, 1991.
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Washington (State). Division of Drinking Water., ed. Operating permits for drinking water systems: Information for water systems and local decision makers. [Olympia, Wash.]: Washington State Dept. of Health, Environmental Health Programs, Division of Drinking Water, 2004.
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Edner, Sheldon M. Urban decision making for transportation investments: Portland's light rail transit line. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, 1985.
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National Research Council (U.S.). Steering Committee on Space Applications and Commercialization., National Research Council (U.S.). Space Studies Board., and National Research Council (U.S.). Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences., eds. Using remote sensing in state and local government: Information for management and decision making. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2003.
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National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board., ed. Information needs to support state and local transportation decision making into the 21st century: Proceedings of a conference, Irvine, California, March 2-5, 1997. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1997.
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Shul'zhenko, Tat'yana, Andrey Zhuk, and Dar'ya Ivanova. Logistics of new urban mobility: a value-oriented approach. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1971850.
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The monograph reveals the provisions of a value-oriented approach to the management of logistics systems of public urban passenger transport, relevant to the conditions of a client-centered economy and aimed at increasing the sustainability of the functioning of the passenger transport complex of the city in the context of the development of alternative forms of urban mobility. The ideological basis of the author's concept of a value—oriented approach is the understanding of the duality of the recipient of the services of the logistics system of urban public passenger transport - passengers and the city, which makes it possible to justify strategic decisions on the development of the logistics system of public urban passenger transport by balancing the parameters of service and passenger flows, achieved by meeting the needs of recipients while observing restrictions on their financing.
It is intended for researchers, representatives of executive bodies of state administration of the subjects of the Russian Federation and local self-government, providing the organization of transport services to the population in cities and urban agglomerations, designers of urban logistics systems, developers of transport and related services in urban mobility systems, as well as for teachers and university students. It can be useful for a wide range of people interested in the management of logistics systems, the development of urban public passenger transport, modern urbanism.
Book chapters on the topic "Local decision system"
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Howard, David C., and R. G. H. Bunce. "The Countryside Information System: A Strategic-Level Decision Support System." In Global to Local: Ecological Land Classification, 373–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1653-1_27.
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Singh, Yumnam Somananda, Yumnam Kirani, and Yumnam Jayanta Singh. "Local Analytical System for Early Epidemic Detection." In COVID-19: Prediction, Decision-Making, and its Impacts, 29–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9682-7_4.
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Davis, James Richard, and Geoffrey McDonald. "Applying a Rule-Based Decision Support System to Local Government Planning." In Expert Systems in Environmental Planning, 23–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77870-4_2.
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Kalalahti, Mira, and Janne Varjo. "Municipal Governance of Comprehensive Education: The Emergence of Local Universalisms." In Finland’s Famous Education System, 19–34. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8241-5_2.
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AbstractThe governance of Finland’s comprehensive school system has historically evolved from centralised governance into a blend of national and local (municipal) decision-making authority. The two-fold model of governance was launched in the 1970s according to the planning economy logic, where the national education policies were enacted and regulated through strict and detailed legislation, a redistributive and ‘earmarked’ state subsidy system and a uniform national core curriculum. At an ideological level, comprehensive reform was tied firmly to the principle of equal opportunities. However, changes in administrative thinking since the 1990s have created a new balance between governmental and local governance of the education system. In this chapter we portray key changes occurring in the relationship between central and local administration as well as the most significant changes in the education system by comparing three case municipalities. We compile various register and document data about the education systems of these municipalities and assess whether we should talk about diverse municipal basic education in Finland instead of a single, uniform basic education system. We conclude that the national, previously more uniform basic education system is transforming into diverse, local basic education systems. We argue that local self-government and varying service accessibility pose a challenge to the equality of the service system at the national level.
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Dougier, Nathanael, Pierre Garambois, Julien Gomand, and Lionel Roucoules. "Systemic Approach for Local Energy Mix Assessment." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 143–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_23.
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AbstractWhereas energy mainly comes from main national power plants, distributed energy resources and storage technologies would allow local territories to choose their energy sources and increase their autonomy. This paper presents a decision-support tool that propose to find new system architecture based compromises between economic, technical and environmental objectives. Based on a systemic approach, it takes into account a broad range of technologies and assesses multi-scale territories thanks to a physical modelling. Numerical simulations show the influence of different parameters on the ability of a system to balance power demand.
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Sindoni, Giuseppe, and Matteo Massenzio. "An Open Data platform for decision making in local public administration." In Proceedings e report, 293–98. Florence: Firenze University Press and Genova University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0106-3.51.
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This paper presents the Milan Open Data (OD) platform as a means to provide statistics and data in the framework of “Data-Driven Milan”, a city where policy decisions are taken in an “informed and aware” way using data. Open Data are ever more important in providing citizen communities with useful information. Over the last 10 years, the municipality of Milan has developed its OD platform from an experimental portal to a fully-fledged portal with more than 1,600 datasets, implemented a Linked Open Data (LOD) system and 8 advanced data visualization projects, and produced OD policies and operating guidelines. The OD portal is based on the CKAN technology, which makes datasets available via both download and Application Programming Interfaces. It currently has about 9,000 unique visitors per month. Data are also published as tables on the statistical portal and maps on the geo-portal. A single entry point to the three portals is about to be released. The advanced visualization projects make data available as reader-friendly graphics. Depending on its topic, a project might be a storytelling of the city through key statistics, a means to communicate the administration’s achievements, or a “data democratization” operation, such as “Open bilancio”, which publishes detailed information about the municipality’s annual budget. LOD are semantically enriched and machine-readable data that help to implement data interoperability between distributed systems. The ongoing LOD automation project aims to improve the current system by minimizing manual operations in the dataset lifecycle. Three Municipal Resolutions have been issued to define OD governance: the first establishes that data are released under an Open License, to promote the digital economy; the second promotes data interoperability and quality; and the third, issued in 2021, establishes the guidelines and an operating model for OD governance, including ontology-supported data publishing.
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Krenz, Pascal, Lisa Stoltenberg, Dominik Saubke, and Julia Markert. "Identification of Action Areas for the Promotion of Local Manufacturing in Reference to System Theory." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 936–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28839-5_104.
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AbstractIndustrial value creation today is characterised in many sectors by globally distributed processes for product manufacturing based on the division of labour in order to achieve advantages through specialisation, scale and location. However, the economic advantages of this form of value creation are being increasingly diminished by the current ecological and social challenges. Local manufacturing has the potential to be a piece of the puzzle in the complex transformation process towards a sustainable circular economy. However, suitable framework conditions are needed for the successful implementation of economically, ecologically and socially sustainable forms of local value creation. To be able to develop these in a targeted manner, knowledge regarding the areas influenceable by societal functional systems (e.g. politics, economy, production) and how they may affect the design dimensions of local manufacturing is necessary. A systems theory-based analysis is used to consider the influence of the operations of societal subsystems on local manufacturing, to identify decision spaces and to evaluate overarching couplings between the societal system operations.
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Vleeshouwer, Jamie, Nicholas J. Car, and John Hornbuckle. "A Cotton Irrigator’s Decision Support System and Benchmarking Tool Using National, Regional and Local Data." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 187–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15994-2_18.
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Giupponi, Carlo. "Operationalizing Climate Proofing in Decision/Policy Making." In Springer Climate, 225–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86211-4_26.
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AbstractThe purpose of this work is to present an operational approach to include consideration of global change drivers (climatic, economic, social, etc.) in support to the design of local policies or investment plans. In both cases decision/policy makers typically have sets of plausible solutions and decisions to be taken in terms of choices among sets of plausible solutions with the best knowledge about the future dynamics of endogenous and exogenous system variables. The ambition is to identify the preferable solution(s) (in terms of technical performances, acceptance by stakeholders, cost–benefit ratio, etc.) in a medium term perspective, (e.g., 10–40 years), with current knowledge about the problem and under the effect of important sources of uncertainty (both aleatory and epistemic). Common to most decision contexts in a medium term perspective typical of both investment decisions and adaptation policies is the prevalence of economic signals in the shorter term and of climatic signals in the longer term. Models play a fundamental role in both cases, but they rarely cover the whole set of variables needed for decision making and the outcomes usually require integration of qualitative expert knowledge or simply subjective judgements. Multi-criteria analysis coupled with uncertainty analysis can contribute with methodologically sound and operational solutions. This paper elaborates on a series of recent cases with the ambition to extract common elements for a general methodological framework.
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Iida, Tetsunari. "How to Overcome the Combination of Crises?" In Energy Transition and Energy Democracy in East Asia, 13–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0280-2_2.
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AbstractToday, wind power and solar power have become the main stream of energy sources; from major electric power utilities to mega capital investors, many have entered the renewable energy sector. Mass-capital investment projects are also increasingly and rapidly expanding globally. It is not rare to find cases of such mega projects facing confrontations with local communities. Since the 1990s, the privatization of the energy sector has been significant, with Nordic countries and Germany seeing the advancement of privatization among community-operated energy utilities. Recently, however, there has been a movement to re-review this trend in order to revive public utilities. The recent reversal of the privatization trend means that the conventional way of decision-making with the participation of local governments and a few corporations is no longer appropriate, and there is a rise in the common understanding that the decision-making and governance method of local communities must be open and horizontally distributed. The rapid progress of ICT in recent years has raised awareness of risks in a governance system dominated by private companies, while raising technical capabilities to realize new and open decision-making and governance in local communities.
Conference papers on the topic "Local decision system"
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Khlifa, Sawsen, Chiheb Ameur Abid, and Belhassan Zouari. "Local Model Checking on a Modular System." In 2024 10th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT), 2899–904. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/codit62066.2024.10708172.
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Isaacs, Jason T., Kenan O. Ezal, and Joao P. Hespanha. "Local carrier-based precision approach and landing system." In 2016 IEEE 55th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2016.7799236.
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He, Ting, Wei Zhao, and Li Xu. "DOP-Tacotron: a Fast Chinese TTS System with Local-based Attention." In 2020 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc49329.2020.9164203.
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Sivtsov, Vladimir, Alexander Ramos, Sergei Shavetov, and Andrei Zhivitskii. "Surface Vessel: Local Positioning System Based on Computer Vision." In 2022 8th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/codit55151.2022.9803912.
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Hasan, Agus, and Shu-Xia Tang. "Local exponential stabilization of a coupled burgers' PDE-ODE system." In 2017 IEEE 56th Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2017.8264013.
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Schlueter, Robert. "A local potential energy boundary surface method for power system atability assessment." In 1985 24th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.1985.268473.
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Meng, Xin-You, and Qing-Ling Zhang. "Local stability and Hopf bifurcation of a single-species singular system with delays." In 2016 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2016.7531147.
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Kazmer, David, and Liang Zhu. "An Integrated Performance Modeling System." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59100.
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An integrated performance modeling system is presented for use in general decision making problems including engineering design, manufacturing process and quality control, and other applications. The system relies on a function matrix that relates decision variables to performance variables. The system utilizes both global and local linearization of non-linear functions, after which the Extensive Simplex Method is used to derive the set of all feasible decisions based upon the specification limits for the performance variables and the control limits on the decision variables. Beyond current Six Sigma best practices, the described system explicitly considers both modeling uncertainty and uncontrolled variation. The specification limits may be automatically tightened by the confidence intervals and variation limits to ensure feasibility to a desired level of confidence and robustness. Three sets of feasible decisions are established including 1) the global feasible set that establishes the extreme limits of feasibility by allowing all the decision variables to vary simultaneously within their range of the control limits, 2) the local feasibility, which shows the immediate feasibility for each decision variable holding other decision variables at their current value, and 3) the controllable feasibility for each performance variable holding other performance variables at their current value. The system provides a perspective view of 1) the function matrix, 2) a historical view of the decision variables which may be used in a manner similar to statistical process control X-Bar charts, 3) a historical view of the performance variables which may be used in a manner similar to statistical quality control charts, 4) a set of decision windows showing the joint feasibility of all pairs of decision variables, which may be used in a manner similar to process windows, and 5) a set of performance windows showing the joint feasibility of all pairs of performance variables, which may be used in a manner similar to Pareto Optimal graphs. An example is provided for a beam design model with four decision variables and three performance variables.
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Grandon, Natalia, Roberto Ahumada-Garcia, Jose Reyes-Suarez, and Felipe Besoain. "Information system for improving local productivity and decision making in organic beekeeping." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Automatica (ICA-ACCA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ica-acca.2016.7778384.
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Lv, Yini, Hongbin Ma, Mengyin Fu, and Chenguang Yang. "Decentralized filtering a multi-agent system with local parametric couplings based on Kalman filter." In 2013 25th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2013.6560902.
Full textReports on the topic "Local decision system"
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Carter, Becky. Strengthening Gender Equality in Decision-making in Somaliland. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.078.
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This rapid review searched for literature on how and why women continue to struggle in Somaliland to achieve formal political representation and to take on informal decision-making roles on local peace and political matters, from community to national levels. Women’s participation in peacebuilding and political decision-making in Somaliland is very limited. A key barrier is the clan system underpinning Somaliland’s political settlement. Entrenched and politicised, patriarchal clans exclude women (and other minority groups) from formal and customary leadership and decision-making roles. Other contributing factors are conservative religious attitudes and traditional gender norms. Structural inequalities – such as low levels of education, lack of funds, and high levels of violence towards women and girls – impede women’s participation. Some women are more disempowered than others, such as women from minority clans and internally displaced women. However, there is increasing disillusionment with clan politicisation and a growing recognition of women’s value. There are opportunities for framing gender equality in local cultural and religious terms and supporting grassroots activism.
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Opiyo, Newton. What are the effects of interventions to improve the use of systematic reviews in decision-making by health system managers, policy makers, or clinicians? SUPPORT, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/170112.
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A number of interventions aiming to increase the use of systematic review evidence in decision making are currently in use. These include summaries of systematic reviews designed to improve the accessibility of the findings (“information products”) and changes to organisational structures, such as employing specialist groups to synthesise evidence in order to inform local decision making.
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MacFarlance, Jennifer, and David Kack. Transportation Planning and Public Health: To What Extent is Health Considered in Rural Local Transportation Plans? Western Transportation Institute, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/1697666132.
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Transportation systems can impact both physical and mental health, but the effects of transportation planning decisions on health, beyond safety and air pollution, are often overlooked or undervalued (Litman, 2013). Although not the only factor contributing to health disparities, transportation systems serve as a modifiable variable contributing to health behaviors and outcomes (Nieuwenhuijsen & Khreis, 2019). Following a similar approach to Singleton and Clifton (2017), a review of transportation planning documents from the ten most populous counties within the state of Montana was conducted to analyze the extent that health was considered. A directed and summative approach was used to identify and code health-related guidance statements, performance measures, and reference data in the domains of general health, safety, air quality, physical activity, accessibility, mental health, and equity. Although all transportation plans contained health-related guidance statements and reference data, only those transportation plans from counties containing a metropolitan planning organization (MPO) included health-related performance measures. The inclusion of health-related guidance statements and reference data is evidence that local Montana communities are interested in the impacts of transportation planning on health behaviors and outcomes. Without the federal requirements that MPOs must follow, rural governments are not utilizing health-related performance measures to fully understand performance of the local transportation system related to their community’s public health priorities. The existing performance management structure required of States and MPOs could serve as a guide for further integrating health-related performance measures into small urban and rural transportation planning and can assist local decision makers in analyzing progress toward community priorities (Singleton & Clifton, 2017).
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Hillier, Lucy. People-driven Solutions: An Introduction to Facilitating Deep Participation for Systemic Change Through Systemic Action Research Programming. Institute of Development Studies, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2024.040.
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CLARISSA evidence builds upon an existing body of evidence (Burns, 2014; Howard et al., 2021) around deeply participatory processes, where children and adults are given significant decision-making power, and supported to collect data, analyse, and take action in order to shift system dynamics to improve their lives. Critical factors within a process of whole systems change are facilitating child- and people-driven evidence generation; participatory learning and action processes around underlying system dynamics and how they drive a problem; and a high level of collective ownership by participants. These critical factors can be enabled through a facilitation approach, inclusive participation, collective problem-solving, and by giving more decision-making power to children and adult stakeholders by considering them as agents of change. The purpose of this resource is to introduce development and humanitarian organisations and their teams to a programme approach and methodology which can enable deeply participatory, learning- and action-oriented, whole systems change. It is written with the understanding that while most development and humanitarian organisations and programmes are not set up to ‘do research’, this does not mean that they cannot start to use the principles of a Systemic Action Research approach to enhance their work. This resource can help demystify the perception that robust, participatory, child- and people-led Action Research is more difficult or not possible; only relevant for monitoring, evaluation and learning teams; or that the methods are too technical for most practitioners or local participants.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel R. Brown, Michael A. Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands in Southeast Arizona and Southwest New Mexico’s Major Land Resource Area 41. United States. Department of Agriculture. Southwest Climate Hub, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6818230.ch.
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Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altered species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates and/or a change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state-and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are necessary at the local level to inform local management decisions and help to ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level: it is based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and to support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 41.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel R. Brown, Michael A. Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. United States. Department of Agriculture. Southwest Climate Hub, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6876399.ch.
Full textAbstract:
Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state and transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending on geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson, and Albert Rango Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands in Southeast Arizona and Southwest New Mexico’s Major Land Resource Area 41. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6947060.ch.
Full textAbstract:
Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altered species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates and/or a change in livestock breeds and/or grazing
practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state-and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are necessary at the local level to inform local management decisions and help to ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the
Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level: it is based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and to support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 41.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6947062.ch.
Full textAbstract:
Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices
are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites and their associated state–and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability
assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level, based on ecological sites and state-and-transition models that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for the selection of management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6965584.ch.
Full textAbstract:
Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state and transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending on geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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Almaden, Catherine Roween. Economics of Satellite Campuses. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, December 2024. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2024.33.
Full textAbstract:
This research provides a comprehensive comparison of the financial, educational, and socio-spatial considerations in establishing State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) satellite campuses versus enhancing support mechanisms for existing SUCs in the Philippines. It highlights their critical role in expanding access to higher education, particularly for underserved and geographically isolated communities. Building on literature that identifies satellite campuses as tools for addressing educational disparities and fostering regional socio-economic development, the study emphasizes cost-effectiveness in decision-making. Using a mixed-methods approach, it combines quantitative cost-effectiveness analysis with qualitative insights from Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with SUC stakeholders to explore financial and operational challenges. The cost-effectiveness analysis utilizes key financial metrics such as Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Findings indicate that while satellite campuses offer opportunities to improve educational access, their financial sustainability is constrained by high initial investments and operational costs. Current low-fee structures in SUCs limit revenue generation, with long-term projections rarely covering infrastructure and operational expenses. Revenue-enhancing strategies are essential to address these constraints and ensure viability. Infrastructure development emerges as a major cost factor, with many SUCs relying on partnerships with Local Government Units (LGUs) for land donations. However, budget limitations remain a significant barrier. Qualitative data highlight the socio-economic benefits of satellite campuses, including the empowerment of marginalized populations and local economic growth. Aligning educational programs with local needs is identified as key to maximizing impact. Enrollment trends reveal regional disparities, with concentrations in CALABARZON, Central Luzon, and NCR, while underserved areas, particularly in Mindanao, face persistent barriers. An analysis of compliance rates shows that 69% of SUCs have achieved a Certificate of Program Compliance (COPC), though postgraduate programs lag behind undergraduate offerings. The performance of Teacher Education Programs in licensure exams further underscores disparities between main and satellite campuses. The study concludes that optimizing existing SUC campuses through improved resource allocation, targeted policies, and sustainable funding solutions can enhance educational outcomes, support local and regional development, and create a more inclusive higher education system in the Philippines.