Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Local cultural development'

The thesis evaluates the case of Ortahisar where natural rock-caved storage sector has been the major dominant traditional economic activity since 1950s. However this economic sector has begun to recess because of conservation priorities after the declaration of Gö
reme Historical National Park including Ortahisar settlement in World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1986. In addition, the tourism sector has begun to develop gradually in the Region as large amounts of tourists began to invade because of the world heritage advertisement of UNESCO and has begun to threaten the town&rsquo
s local economy, natural rock-caved storage sector. The aim of this thesis is to balance the stone-caved storage sector and tourism sector facilities and integrate the sustainable sides of them with conservation and sustainability objectives in a socio-spatial planning model and to ensure these two sectors&rsquo
positive contributions to each other and local economy. Finally, the thesis will emphasize the contribution of heritage planning to the sustainability of the local economy, ensuring of each sectors contribution to each other and local economy and heritage conservation process.

La langue et la culture occitanes figurent désormais en bonne place dans les programmes de développement culturel des espaces organisés que représentent les parcs naturels régionaux et les pays, au sud du Territoire. Des initiatives sont prises pour la sauvegarde et la valorisation de ce qui constitue la mémoire vivante d'une culture populaire traditionnelle ;elles bénéficient pour leur mise en oeuvre de nouveaux dispositifs règlementaires et financiers en provenance de Départements, de Régions comme de certains programmes européens. Dans un même temps, le patrimoine culturel, matériel comme immatériel, a été mondialement reconnu comme l'un des axes majeurs du développement durable par les Institutions internationales qui préconisent sa valorisation en tant que marqueur identitaire porteur de lien social. C'est à ces différents égards et à partir d'une approche systémique de textes fondateurs internationaux, de programmes européens, de politiques de collectivités territoriales, de chartes et programmes opérationnels de parcs naturels régionaux et de pays, d'animations culturelles sur le terrain et de réseaux d'acteurs locaux, que la thèse Développement local et culture occitane analyse les partenariats en place avec leur dynamique et leurs faiblesses. --- Ainsi se dessine la draille occitane du développement local.

This dissertation examines the so-called revival of local traditions in reform-era China. It compares the different paths of adapting local traditions to market transitions and a changing political landscape. Three questions guide this study: 1) given state suppression of tradition, to what extent is power and society in localities still structured by traditional practices? 2) What determines how a particular community can provide support to individual members? 3) Does the cultural legacy of a community constrain how the community can respond to new situations? And how easily can a community reformulate the past to suit the present need? This study argues that local communities have actively used traditional practices to build community strength and deal with a variety of community issues arising from changes in the political landscape and socio-economic situations. Traditional practices are not nostalgia, but are the base for collective action and social organization in rural communities. The revival of traditional practices constructs community identity, defines how one relates to others, and instructs how one experiences the group to which one belongs. This study shows that the same sets of cultural practices and symbols with different arrangements can produce different degrees of community solidarity and strength. Variation on the use of traditional practices for building community in different localities is explained through an interactive model with a number of factors jointly shaping the community strength. These are the local legacy, the state, the new market economy, and interests of individual community members. These factors have different interactive relations in each local community, and result in different degrees of community strength. This study adds to our understanding of reform era China in two particular aspects. The first is to demonstrate how the collective aspect of traditional practices has worked in rural communities. The second is to demystify the effectiveness of Chinese culture on economic development. My study does not treat Chinese culture as a holistic system. Rather, it shows that in economic behavior there is nothing essentially Chinese, such as using lineage or family networks. Cultural utility, such as strong and effective lineage networks, is a result of complex interaction among top-down state forces, the market, local culture, and individual interests, and cannot be duplicated simply out of functional utility and rational calculation.
Sociology

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This work aims to understand the “Ponto de Cultura Estrela de Ouro”, located in the city of Aliança – Pernambuco, as a strategy of intervention for local development. The “Ponto de Cultura” is the main action of “Cultura Viva” program and it consists in places where some manifestations of popular culture are developed. This work was developed from the theoretic perspectives of Gilberto Gil, Minister of Culture, and conceptual presumptions of Sergio Buarque, Maria Salett Tauk Santos, Angelo Brás Fernandes Callou e Augusto de Franco about local development issue. It was also based on concepts of Nestor Garcia Canclini, Lia Calabre e Frederico Silva about cultural public policies. The methodology followed the standard for qualitative research, where 21 informants were selected: four masters, three coordinators, ten “Cultura Viva” agents and four residents. The instruments of analysis were semi-structured interviews, field diary and participating observation. In the exploratory phase, an accurate bibliographic research was made within books, magazines and newspapers, among others publications. It was searched a relation among popular culture manifestations, cultural public policies, empowerment and local development. The main contribution of this work was to analyze the way a manifestation of popular culture can serve as a tool for the local development, besides support cultural public policies to aid popular manifestation and the development of cultural activities for young people. It was verified the importance that the deployment of “Ponto de Cultura” brought to the community, giving people the hope of a better life.
Este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender o Ponto de Cultura Estrela de Ouro, localizado no município de Aliança – Pernambuco, como estratégia de intervenção para o Desenvolvimento Local. O Ponto de Cultura é a ação principal do Programa Cultura Viva e consiste em locais onde já se desenvolve alguma manifestação da cultura popular. Desenvolvemos este estudo a partir das perspectivas teóricas do próprio Ministro da Cultura, Gilberto Gil e dos pressupostos conceituais de Sergio Buarque, Maria Salett Tauk Santos, Angelo Brás Fernandes Callou e Augusto de Franco no que diz respeito à questão de Desenvolvimento Local e também dos conceitos de Nestor Garcia Canclini, Lia Calabre e Frederico Silva em relação a políticas públicas culturais. Nossa metodologia seguiu o padrão das pesquisas de natureza qualitativa, para a qual selecionamos 21 informantes: quatro mestres, três coordenadores, dez agentes Cultura Viva e quatro moradores. Nossos instrumentos de análises foram entrevistas semi-estruturadas, diário de campo e a observação participante. Na fase exploratória da pesquisa contamos com uma acurada pesquisa bibliográfica em livros, revistas e jornais, entre outras publicações, mediante o que buscamos uma relação entre manifestações da cultura popular, políticas públicas culturais, empoderamento e Desenvolvimento Local. A maior contribuição desse estudo foi constatar que as manifestações da cultura popular servem de ferramenta para a construção do desenvolvimento local, além de subsidiar políticas públicas culturais de apoio às manifestações populares e o desenvolvimento de atividades culturais para os jovens. Constatou-se a relevância da implantação do Ponto de Cultura para a comunidade, proporcionando aos indivíduos a esperança de uma vida melhor.

This thesis aims to understand the processes of patrimonialization that take place in artisanal salinas in Europe and analyzes how these can contribute to the preservation of heritage, landscape and local development in their environment. In the last century, artisanal salt making sites in Europe have suffered a progressive decline, as a result of profound socio- economic changes, that have affected productive activities in general. This has limited their ability to compete in the mainstream salt market, which has ultimately led to the permanent abandonment of the salt making activity in most cases. In others, however, local stakeholders (environmentalists, cultural associations, scholars, public administrations, others) have been able to spark, push forward and even consolidate a patrimonialization process based on the sustainable use of the associated heritage and landscape values. To achieve this, many products and services associated with the production of high quality salt, as well as ecocultural tourism activities and salt-related museums, and the provision of health services from salt sub-products have been designed and offered. These have contributed to maintain a multifunctional use of the site with a diversified socioeconomic activity with enough profitability, while respecting the natural values of the sites. In this process, the sites have therefore moved from a situation of managerial indifference or even abandonment, to a collective, highly motivated citizen-led effort to recover the heritage and natural values of the sites. At a certain point, as the complexity of the processes increased, this horizontal and generally altruistic approach, needed to evolve towards a new management environment led by professionals. In the end, these sites have thus progressed from the salt business to the business of salt-related heritage. In this thesis, three paradigmatic cases of successful patrimonialization have been analyzed in Europe: the marais salants of Guérande, in France; the salinas of Sečovlje in Slovenia and the Læsø saltworks in Denmark. In addition, the patrimonialization processes have also been studied in the nine Spanish inland salinas which have been protected by law as a monument at the time of writing: Añana (Álava), Arcos de las Salinas (Teruel), Espartinas (Madrid), Gerri de la Sal (Lleida), Imón and San Juan (Guadalajara), Peralta de la Sal (Huesca), Poza de la Sal (Burgos) and Rambla Salada (Murcia). In these cases, the processes have been found to be in very different stages, from a situation of decline and almost ruin, to a consolidated patrimonialization process. Many cases, however, have been found to be in intermediate situations, with a patrimonialization process still in in progress, with the threats and weaknesses this stage entails. The comparison of these differences has allowed to understand the challenges and difficulties faced by this type of cultural heritage and landscapes, as well as to identify the good practices that have contributed to their progression towards a consolidated stage. To this end, the methodology used in this work combined tools from different disciplinary backgrounds. On the one hand, a set of qualitative and quantitative indicators has allowed to perform a comparative analysis of the sites. On the other hand, the study of the local bibliography and the field visits, in combination with personal interviews and group dynamics, has allowed to elaborate the narratives of the patrimonialization processes of each site. The comparative study between the twelve salinas has also led to the development of a conceptual management model that gathers the good practices and prevents the pitfalls observed in the study sites. Hopefully this model will contribute to the sustainable use of similar cultural landscapes and heritage to those studied here.
Aquesta tesi té com a objecte comprendre els processos de patrimonialització que tenen lloc en salines artesanals d'Europa i analitzar què poden aportar a la conservació del patrimoni i el paisatge, i al desenvolupament local. En el curs de l'últim segle, les salines artesanals europees han patit un declivi progressiu arran de la incidència de diversos factors socioeconòmics. Això ha limitat la seva capacitat per competir en el negoci tradicional de la sal, abocant-les en molts casos a l'abandonament definitiu. En d'altres, però, els agents socials (societat civil, administracions i altres) han sabut iniciar i fins i tot consolidar un procés de patrimonialització basat en l'aprofitament sostenible del patrimoni i el paisatge. En aquest context, s'han proposat productes molt diversos i serveis associats a la sal de qualitat, el turisme ecocultural i la salut, aconseguint mantenir una activitat socioeconòmica rendible alhora que respectuosa amb el medi ambient. Aquestes salines han passat així de viure del negoci de la sal a recolzar la seva activitat en el negoci del patrimoni. En aquesta tesi s'examinen tres casos de patrimonialització paradigmàtics a Europa: les salines de Guérande (França), Sečovlje (Eslovènia) i Læsø (Dinamarca). A més, s'analitza el procés de patrimonialització a les nou salines d'interior espanyoles que han estat declarades com a Bé d'Interès Cultural: Añana (Àlaba), Arcos de las Salinas (Terol), Espartinas (Madrid), Gerri de la Sal (Lleida), Imón i San Juan (Guadalajara), Peralta de la Sal (Osca), Poza de la Sal (Burgos) i Rambla Salada (Múrcia). En aquests casos, l'esmentat procés es troba en fases molt diverses, el que ha permès entendre els reptes i les dificultats a què s'enfronta aquesta mena de patrimoni i els seus paisatges culturals, així com identificar les bones pràctiques que s'hi ha donat. Amb aquesta finalitat, s'ha emprat una metodologia que combina l'ús d'indicadors qualitatius i quantitatius, amb entrevistes i dinàmiques de grup. Tot això s'ha complementat amb un estudi bibliogràfic i visites de camp a cada espai que han possibilitat reconstruir les narratives de la seva patrimonialització. L'anàlisi comparativa d'aquests dotze espais saliners ha permès, alhora, l'elaboració d'un model de gestió que pretén contribuir a l'aprofitament sostenible de paisatges culturals i d'espais patrimonials similars als que aquí s'han considerat.
Esta tesis tiene como objeto comprender los procesos de patrimonialización que tienen lugar en salinas artesanales en Europa y analizar de qué manera éstos pueden aportar a la conservación del patrimonio, del paisaje y al desarrollo local en su entorno. Las salinas artesanales europeas han sufrido en el último siglo un progresivo declive, fruto de diversos factores socioeconómicos. Ello ha limitado su capacidad para competir en el negocio tradicional de la sal, abocando a algunas al abandono definitivo. En algunos casos, sin embargo, los agentes sociales (sociedad civil, administraciones, otros) han sabido iniciar e incluso consolidar un proceso de patrimonialización basado en un aprovechamiento sostenible del patrimonio y del paisaje. Para ello se han propuesto muy diversos productos y servicios asociados a la sal de calidad, el turismo ecocultural y la salud, logrando así mantener una actividad socioeconómica con suficiente rentabilidad al tiempo que se respeta al medio. Así, estas salinas han pasado de vivir del negocio de la sal al negocio del patrimonio. En esta tesis se han estudiado tres casos de patrimonialización paradigmáticos en Europa: las salinas de Guérande, en Francia; Sečovlje, en Eslovenia y Læsø, en Dinamarca. Además, se ha estudiado el proceso de patrimonialización en las nueve salinas de interior españolas que han sido protegidas como Bien de Interés Cultural: Añana (Álava), Arcos de las Salinas (Teruel), Espartinas (Madrid), Gerri de la Sal (Lleida), Imón y San Juan (Guadalajara), Peralta de la Sal (Huesca), Poza de la Sal (Burgos) y Rambla Salada (Murcia). En estos casos, los procesos se encuentran en fases muy diversas, lo que ha permitido entender los retos y las dificultades a los que se enfrentan este tipo de patrimonio y paisajes culturales, así como detectar las buenas prácticas que se han dado en ellos. A tal fin, se ha empleado una metodología que combina el uso de indicadores cualitativos y cuantitativos, con entrevistas y dinámicas de grupo. Todo ello se ha complementado con el estudio bibliográfico y visitas de campo a cada espacio, lo que ha permitido elaborar las narrativas de la patrimonialización de cada uno de ellos. El estudio comparativo entre los doce espacios salineros ha conducido, así mismo, a la elaboración de un modelo de gestión, que esperemos contribuya al aprovechamiento sostenible de paisajes culturales y espacios patrimoniales similares a los estudiados aquí.

In this ethnographic study I demonstrate how eight Barrow, Alaska entities communicate during meetings and how different Barrow groups perceive the stakeholder engagement process as it has taken place in the past forty years with development organizations. This research was motivated by the limited research on locals’ perspective on development meetings. Nearly all the participants were men and identified themselves as Iñupiat; most had spent significant time in Barrow and in stakeholder engagement meetings. Interviews and participant observations reveal the complex communication practices in stakeholder engagement meetings including local and external norms, the expression of common local concerns, nonverbal communication patterns, and the use of the Iñupiaq language. While many participants were tired of repeating their concerns, experienced meeting burnout, and were frustrated by outside groups “checking the box” (just going through the motions without real engagement), they also considered that the stakeholder engagement process has improved due to the increased benefits and diminished risk associated with development projects. Furthermore, participants’ explanations of the oil “seasons,” a term they use to describe fluctuating market conditions, align with the frequency distribution analysis conducted on stakeholder engagement meetings over the last decade. Recommendations derived from this research include a need for sharing of stakeholder perceptions and concerns, modifying cultural awareness sessions, consolidating all organizations’ stakeholder engagement meetings, and changing the format of public development organization meetings.

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This study analyzed the process of cultural hybridization to which are submitted the agricultural workers of the Engenho Itamatamirim, in Victória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco. The analysis was specifically directed to the understanding of the cultural reconversions that this population, consisting of sugar cane ex-workers, suffered throughout the passage from the labor condition of sugar cane cutter to the rural tourism worker. Such reconversion is understood as the cultural hybridization processes materialization in which practical cultural that existed separately combine to generate new practices and structures. The theoretical support on cultural hybridization and reconversion was essentially based on Canclini‘s theory that starts to consider the popular in the contemporary as a political category and that appropriates the economic and cultural goods of the society in a different form. The works of Tauk Santos were also considered, with the intention of observing how these cultural reconversion strategies happen in rural popular contexts, in the Rural Extension direction to the local development. The perspective of the local development was discussed in this work based on Tauk Santos‘, Pablo de Jesus‘, Tânia Bacelar‘s, Carlos Jara‘s and Frank Augustus‘ studies. The rural tourism question as a phenomenon of the new rural present in the concerns of the National Politics of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (PNATER), while activity that can contribute for the construction of the local development in the rural environment was discussed based on Graziano Da Silva‘s, Anécio Almeida‘s, Adyr Rodrigues‘, Adonis Zimmermann‘s, and Fontana and Dencker‘s works. Combined techniques of data collection such as: the half-structured interview, oral history and diary of the field were used as methodological procedures. The results of this inquiry demonstrated that the reconversions processed in the fields of work and life of the sugar cane ex-workers of the Engenho Itamatamirim had influence on the income, housing conditions, use of free time, leisure, access to new technologies of communication and information, ways of political participation and organization, auto-esteem and daily family life. The research also revealed that this population is submitted to a multipurpose work condition, that is, these workers develop simultaneous activities in the fields of cattle rural tourism. Such labor condition reproduces characteristics of paternalism, authoritarianism and exploration that historically marked the Zona da Mata of Pernambuco, in the golden times of the sugar cane culture. At the same time, it was observed that the Engenho Itamatamirim experience constitutes a process under construction, a scene of possibilities for the Rural Extension, to work the rural tourism as an important inductor in the local development construction.
Neste estudo analisou-se o processo de hibridização cultural a que estão submetidos os trabalhadores rurais do Engenho Itamatamirim, em Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco. Especificamente, a análise foi voltada à compreensão das reconversões culturais que essa população, formada por ex-canavieiros, sofreu ao longo da passagem da condição laboral de cortador de cana para a de trabalhador do turismo rural. Tal reconversão é compreendida como a materialização dos processos de hibridização cultural, na qual práticas culturais que existiam separadamente se combinam para gerar novas estruturas e práticas. O aporte teórico sobre hibridização e reconversão culturais fundamentou-se, essencialmente, na teoria de Canclini, que passa a considerar o popular na contemporaneidade como uma categoria política e que se apropria de forma desigual dos bens econômicos e culturais da sociedade. Também foram considerados os trabalhos de Tauk Santos, na intenção de observar como essas estratégias de reconversão cultural estão acontecendo em contextos populares rurais, na direção da Extensão Rural para o desenvolvimento local. A perspectiva do desenvolvimento local foi discutida neste trabalho com base nos estudos de Tauk Santos, Paulo de Jesus, Tânia Bacelar, Carlos Jara e Augusto Franco. A questão do turismo rural como um fenômeno das novas ruralidades presente nas preocupações da Política Nacional de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (PNATER), enquanto atividade que pode contribuir para a construção do desenvolvimento local no meio rural foi discutida a partir dos trabalhos de Graziano da Silva, Anécio Almeida, Adyr Rodrigues, Adonis Zimmermann, e Fontana e Dencker. Como procedimentos metodológicos foram utilizadas técnicas combinadas de coleta de dados, como: entrevista semi-estruturada, história oral e observação direta. Os resultados dessa investigação demonstraram que as reconversões processadas nos campos do trabalho e da vida dos ex-canavieiros do Engenho Itamatamirim tiveram influência na renda, nas condições de moradia, no uso do tempo livre, no lazer, no acesso às novas tecnologias da comunicação e da informação, nas formas de participação e organização política, na auto-estima e no cotidiano familiar. A pesquisa revelou também que essa população tem se submetido a uma condição de trabalho polivalente, ou seja, esses trabalhadores desenvolvem atividades simultâneas no campo da pecuária e do turismo rural. Tal condição laboral tem reproduzido, no turismo rural, as características paternalista, autoritária e de exploração que marcaram historicamente a Zona da Mata de Pernambuco, nos tempos áureos da agricultura canavieira. Ao mesmo tempo, observou-se que a experiência do Engenho Itamatamirim constitui um processo em construção, um cenário de possibilidades para a Extensão Rural, para trabalhar o turismo rural como um importante indutor na construção do desenvolvimento local.

For the past decades, culture has been given a role as a factor for local and regional development. But what is meant by development and in what ways culture can be of importance in this aspect can be unclear. This thesis examines the perception of the role for local and regional development of one specific cultural place and network – the cultural cooperative Not Quite in Fengersfors, Sweden. I study the way the role as developer is expressed and interpreted in the discourse of the cultural workers who are members of the network and in the discourse of public cultural policy in the region Västra Götaland and in Åmål municipality. The study shows that there are both similarities and differences between the discourses concerning how the role as developer is expressed. What differs is the focus on economic growth, which is expressed to be of great importance in the public cultural policy discourse. The cultural workers within Not Quite express a lack of interest in economic growth, or even a negative attitude towards it. They instead express a ”discourse of meaning”. For them, the main purpose of their artistic work is to create meaning and value for other people rather than economic growth. However, the practical effects of the differences seem quite small. There seem to be a balance between the different kinds of development Not Quite is expected to contribute to, and the cultural workers express a relaxed attitude to goals and expectations from the Västra Götaland region and Åmål municipality.

La despreocupació sobre temes socials, de la història humana, el desenvolupament i el capital social, són un dels inconvenients de desenvolupament en general de les illes Galápagos. Molt pocs han estat els estudis que s'encarreguin d'estudiar les dinàmiques humanes generades des del seu descobriment. En l'actualitat la imatge de destinació de naturalesa de Galápagos ha esborrat tota empremta humana al seu pas, a l'extrem que la població local planteja la inexistència de la seva cultura, generant la construcció d'un imaginari on l'ésser humà no és part de les interaccions humà-natura i perpetuant a nivell local els conflictes socioambientals. Des d'una aproximació geogràfica i del patrimoni, aquesta és una investigació exploratòria centrada en el patrimoni cultural com a recurs turístic i com a actor territorial per al desenvolupament local a Galápagos. A partir d'una investigació participant aplicada (PAR), des d'una metodologia qualitativa, aquest treball utilitza com a estratègia l'observació participant i un cas d'estudi: el cantó Santa Cruz-Galápagos. Gràcies a l'ús de diverses tècniques de recollida d'informació primària com entrevistes, enquestes, grups focals i un inventari, així com de diversos mètodes per al processament i l'anàlisi de dades, ha estat possible generar els resultats a través de la seva triangulació. D'aquesta manera, és possible afirmar que el patrimoni cultural com a recurs i actor territorial sorgeix com una proposta que permet l'aprofitament d'altres recursos endògens, la diversificació de l'oferta turística i de les activitats d'oci i recreació de la població local. En espais insulars i naturals protegits com les Illes Galápagos, les condicions d'ús i aprofitament dels recursos són tan escassos com limitats. Pel que, el coneixement i valorització d'altres tipus de patrimoni, com el cultural, permeten dinamitzar l'economia local a través d'altres tipus d'experiència turística i recreativa. Al seu torn, l'aprofitament i valoració del patrimoni cultural són factors claus perquè la col·lectivitat construeixi i enforteixi el seu propi referent d'identitat cultural i d'apropiació del territori. Desafortunadament a Galápagos la població local en general desconeix l'existència dels béns de patrimoni cultural, però s'ha identificat la realització de turisme incidental de patrimoni cultural associat als llocs d'ús públic i ecoturístic de la DPNG i als llocs esmentats a les guies turístiques en paper de Galápagos. Tan sols el 30% dels béns patrimonials a Santa Cruz tenen valor d'ús turístic actualment. Tot i l'alt potencial dels béns de patrimoni cultural com a recurs turístic, i de l'elevat nivell d'apropiació dels propietaris d'aquests béns, pel seu valor simbòlic, encara queda un llarg camí fins a ser considerats com a atractius turístics. Si bé existeixen intents públics i privats aïllats de valorització de la cultura i del patrimoni a Santa Cruz-Galápagos, la importància econòmica i política que se li dóna a la cultura és mínima. D'aquesta manera, les diferències de gestió dels recursos turístics i culturals entre el GAD Santa Cruz-Galápagos (àrees d'assentaments humans) i la Direcció del Parc Nacional Galápagos (àrees protegides) són un dels principals reptes per a la gestió del patrimoni cultural. Aquesta investigació planteja de quina manera el patrimoni cultural pot convertir-se en promotor de simbiosis entre natura-cultura, i posiciona el patrimoni intangible com a font de coneixement i promotor de la gestió adequada dels recursos naturals. Per finalitzar de manera pràctica, aquest treball realitza l'aportació necessària per a la creació d'una política de conservació i salvaguarda del patrimoni cultural a Santa Cruz-Galápagos.
La despreocupación sobre temas sociales, de la historia humana, el desarrollo y el capital social, son uno de los inconvenientes de desarrollo en general de las islas Galápagos. Muy pocos han sido los estudios que se encarguen de estudiar las dinámicas humanas generadas desde su descubrimiento. En la actualidad la imagen de destino de naturaleza de Galápagos ha borrado toda huella humana a su paso, al extremo que la población local plantea la inexistencia de su cultura, generado la construcción de un imaginario donde el ser humano no es parte de las interacciones humano-naturaleza y perpetuando a nivel local los conflictos socio-ambientales. Desde una aproximación geográfica y del patrimonio, esta es una investigación exploratoria centrada en el patrimonio cultural como recurso turístico y como actor territorial para el desarrollo local en Galápagos. A partir de una investigación participante aplicada (PAR), desde una metodología cualitativa, este trabajo utiliza como estrategia la observación participante y un caso de estudio: el cantón Santa Cruz-Galápagos. Gracias al uso de diversas técnicas de recolección de información primaria como entrevistas, encuestas, grupos focales y un inventario, así como de varios métodos para el procesamiento y análisis de datos, ha sido posible generar los resultados a través de su triangulación. De ese modo, es posible afirmar que el patrimonio cultural como recurso y actor territorial surge como una propuesta que permite el aprovechamiento de otros recursos endógenos, la diversificación de la oferta turística y de las actividades de ocio y recreación de la población local. En espacios insulares y naturales protegidos como las Islas Galápagos, las condiciones de uso y aprovechamiento de los recursos son tan escasos como limitados. Por lo que, el conocimiento y valorización de otros tipos de patrimonio, como el cultural, permiten dinamizar la economía local a través de otros tipos de experiencia turística y recreativa. A su vez, el aprovechamiento y valoración del patrimonio cultural son factores clave para que la colectividad construya y fortalezca su propio referente de identidad cultural y de apropiación del territorio. Desafortunadamente en Galápagos la población local en general desconoce la existencia de los bienes de patrimonio cultural, pero se ha identificado la realización de turismo incidental de patrimonio cultural asociado a los sitios de uso público y ecoturístico de la DPNG y a los sitios mencionados en las guías turísticas de papel de Galápagos. Tan solo el 30% de los bienes patrimoniales en Santa Cruz tienen valor de uso turístico actualmente. A pesar del alto potencial de los bienes de patrimonio cultural como recurso turístico y del elevado nivel de apropiación de los propietarios de dichos bienes, debido a su valor simbólico, todavía queda un largo camino hasta ser considerados como atractivos turísticos. Si bien existen intentos públicos y privados aislados de valorización de la cultura y del patrimonio en Santa Cruz-Galápagos, la importancia económica y política que se le da a la cultura es mínima. De esta manera, las diferencias de manejo y gestión de los recursos turísticos y culturales entre el GAD Santa Cruz-Galápagos (áreas de asentamientos humanos) y la Dirección del Parque Nacional Galápagos (áreas protegidas) son uno de los principales retos para la gestión del patrimonio cultural. Esta investigación plantea cómo el patrimonio cultural puede convertirse en promotor de simbiosis de naturaleza-cultura y sitúa el patrimonio intangible como fuente de conocimiento y promotor del manejo adecuado de los recursos naturales. Para finalizar de manera práctica, este trabajo realiza el aporte necesario para la creación de una política de conservación y salvaguardia del patrimonio cultural en Santa Cruz-Galápagos.
The biggest limitation on the Galapagos Islands development, has been the non-awareness about social sciences, human history, development, and social capital. Few studies have been focused on the dynamics generated by humans since its discovery. Currently, the image of the Galapagos as a nature destination has erased the human footprint. Even the local population still affirms the non-existence of local culture, creating imaginaries without human-nature interactions and perpetuating local socio-environmental conflicts. From a geographical and heritage approach, this is an exploratory research focused on cultural heritage as a tourist resource and as a territorial actor for local development in Galapagos. A participant action research (PAR) from a qualitative methodology, this research takes participant observation and a case of study of Santa Cruz-Galápagos municipality as a strategy. Considering a mixed data collection gathering such as interviews, surveys, focus groups and an inventory, as well as various methods for data processing this research analysis results through a data triangulation. This research argues that cultural heritage is a resource and territorial actor and proposes their use as an endogenous resource, generating the diversification of the tourist and leisure offer. Considering island territories and natural protected areas such as the Galapagos, the use and exploitation of new resources is limited. Therefore, the awareness and valorization of other resources as cultural heritage allows sustaining the local economy through the development of different tourist and leisure experiences. On the other hand, the use and exploitation of cultural heritage are keen for the community in order to strengthen their cultural identity and appropriation of the territory. In Galapagos, the local population is unaware of the existence of cultural heritage, but incidental cultural heritage tourism has been identified associated with the ecotourism visitors’ sites and public use zones from Galapagos National Park public and sites mentioned in tourist guides. Only 30% of the heritage assets in Santa Cruz currently have tourist use-value. Despite the high potential of cultural heritage assets as a tourist resource and the high level of appropriation by the assets´ owners, due to their symbolic value, there is still a long way to go before they are considered tourist attractions. Even with the trial of public and private initiatives to enhance culture and heritage in Santa Cruz-Galápagos, there is a lack of economic and political importance given to culture. Regarding that, the differences in the management and management of tourist and cultural resources between the Municipality of Santa Cruz-Galapagos (human settlement areas) and the Directorate of the Galapagos National Park (protected areas) are one of the main challenges for the cultural heritage management. This research also proposes cultural heritage as a nature-culture symbiosis driver, and the intangible heritage assets as a source of knowledge in order to guarantee natural resources conservation. Finally, concerning practical issues, this research has contributed to create a policy for the conservation and safeguarding of cultural heritage in Santa Cruz-Galapagos.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Geografia

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Development Studies in the Department of Anthropology and Development Studies at the University of Zululand, 2016
The aim of the study was to find out how heritage tourism can be used as a strategy for local economic development. The study was conducted at KwaBulawayo (Eshowe) and at Ondini (Ulundi) Cultural Centres and their surroundings. The study asserts that heritage tourism is embedded and can be explained within a shift from industrial to post-industrial mode of production and consumption, where aspects of society, such as heritage and culture are packaged for tourism consumption. The shift from industrial to post-industrial society and the associated packaging and consumption of heritage in the form of tourism forms the main theory of the study. This shift took place in the late 1970s when global economic system which was predicated on industrialisation and manufacturing experienced problems which were recessionary. Out of the recessionary problems, a new system of production called post-industrialisation or post-Fordism or post-modernity emerged. Post- industrialisation came with new processes of production and consumption. With regards to consumption, consumerism became a feature of the new economy. Consumerism meant that aspects of the society, such as heritage and culture had to be packaged for the tourist consumption and revenue generation. The study employed the exploratory mixed methodology, which suggests that the study used both qualitative and quantitative methods. With analysis and interpretation of data, content analysis was used to analyse the interviews while, SPSS and Microsoft Excel were used to analyse quantitative data. The population of the study was comprised of the KwaZulu-Natal Tourism Official(s), Zululand and King Cetshwayo District Municipalities’ Tourism Officers, KwaBulawayo and Ondini Cultural Centres’ Site Managers, Tribal Authorities and community members of the KwaBulawayo and the Ondini Cultural Centres. The study conducted face-to-face interviews and a sample of thirty seven respondents was drawn from the tourism officials and communities. The study found that the role players, i.e. officials and community members, understand the study sites in terms of culture, history and tradition, which suggests that they have not moved beyond the use value of the heritage sites. The findings revealed that the community is well aware of the heritage sites, that is, the cases of this study. However, the study established that the majority of communities did not know how long the heritage sites have been in operation. With regards to the running of the study sites, based on the Provincial and District Officials’ responses, the results showed that the power to manage them is decentralised to the District and Local Levels. The findings showed that the marketing of the heritage sites is not satisfactory. However, the on-line marketing (e.g. Internet, Facebook) was found to be predominant. The general observation of the study showed that the branding of the heritage sites revolves around King Shaka and King Cetshwayo. The communities of the study areas embrace heritage tourism sites and are regarded as the most important role players in heritage tourism of the study areas. The study found that heritage tourism has been used as a strategy for the local economic development of the study areas. The findings presented that attributes, such as artefacts and infrastructure, e.g. roads, stimulate heritage tourism of the study areas. The study observed that the tourists’ turnout to the heritage sites is inadequate. The study, therefore, recommends that the heritage tourism sites, in collaboration with all stakeholders, need to find alternative strategies to improve heritage tourism in the study areas e.g. involving tourism operators in their tourism processes. This could assist the heritage sites to generate sufficient revenue to employ more locals and assist the emerging local entrepreneurs with funding to strengthen their business ventures. The study recommends that the heritage sites need to engage ordinary community members and the local business people, especially those in the hospitality business in the tourism development processes. This could strengthen positive relationship between community members and the heritage tourism sites. The study further recommends that the key role players in heritage tourism of the study areas need to focus more on the exchange value than on the use value of the heritage sites. In the end, the study recommends further research, which will focus on the basic policy and/or a principle that could address community engagement to ensure a collective and/or beneficial participation in the entire tourism industry.

Urban planning is not only about planning the city for people today but also planning decades of year ahead for next generations. Growing complexity and dynamics of the urban system make planning, decision-making and problem-solving to be more challenging. In order to achieve sustainable development, the notion of creative city is aroused in academic field and also advocated by many policymakers recently. Creative city notion suddenly becomes the panacea for many urban problems such as revitalizing dilapidated old urban area, enhancing the competitiveness of the city in the global economy, and boosting local employment rate, etc. However, among the polemical meditations on the creative cities notion, there is insufficient study on what vital preconditions are for creativity to be emerged in the metropolis, what creative activities are generated and how actors are interrelated with each other and with the environment regarding social, economic and physical dimensions. This dissertation proposes the “creative ecology” framework for analyzing and contextualizing the interrelationship and dynamics of stakeholders in the “creative ecology” and with the surrounding environments. An empirical study which applies the framework to a local district of Hong Kong, Yau Ma Tei, is conducted. The study tries to trace out the interrelationships of local creativity scene to the environments, and the dynamics within the ecology supported by the comprehensive study on the empirical setting from the perspective of Hong Kong to local district like Yau Ma Tei, and in-depth face-to-face interviews with key stakeholders. The analysis shows, in particular, how the “creative ecology” rooted in a local district operates and how a balanced “creative ecology” can be achieved in relation to the sustainable urban development. The recommendation is concerned passim with cultural policy and urban planning issues. The dissertation is concluded by summarizing the concept of “creative ecology” and highlighting its nature of continuous evolution, as well as addressing the main contemporary challenges while Hong Kong is in the transition process to be a more creative place.
published_or_final_version
Urban Planning and Design
Master
Master of Science in Urban Planning

A conceção desta dissertação, têm a intenção de fazer uma análise relativamente á capacidade e importância que os eventos musicais podem ter para a dinamização turística de uma histórica, como se poderá observar através do estudo de caso, que é o principal foco desta investigação, neste caso a cidade de Évora, Património Mundial da Unesco, desde 1986. A música assume um papel muito importante nas nossas vivências e para muitos turistas e visitantes, pode ser um fator de importância no processo de tomada de decisão da escolha de um destino de férias ou de visita, sendo que a música pode assumir uma grande ligação, relativamente às manifestações culturais de uma determinada localidade e dos seus habitantes, podendo funcionar como um fator de atração para um determinado público, que viaja com a intenção de participar em eventos culturais, sendo por isso necessário olhar para a música, não só como uma expressão artística, mas também como um potencial produto turístico; Abstract: Musical Events and Destination Promotion: the case of the city of Évora The conception of this dissertation intends to analyze the capacity and importance that musical events can have for the tourist dynamisation of a historical city, as will be observed through the case study, which is the main focus of this research, in this in the case the city of Évora, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, since 1986. Music plays a very important role in our lives and for many tourists and visitors can be a factor of importance in the decision-making process of choosing a holiday destination or visit, and music can have a great connection, in relation to the cultural manifestations of a certain locality and its inhabitants, can work as a factor of attraction for a certain public, who travels with the intention of participating in cultural events, so it is necessary to look at music, not only as an artistic expression, but also as a potential tourist product.

The hypothesis put forward in this thesis is that tourism can be the agent for the sustainable conservation and development of the valuable legacy of colonial built heritage by capitalizing on its tangible and intangible assets. The key variable is the recognition of the intrinsic value of both iconic and non-iconic properties and sites that constitute the extrinsic value of the cultural attractions of the tourism destination. The research problem is concerned with assessing the impact of contemporary tourism development on these attractions and identifying the issues affecting preservation and realization of asset potential. The research aims to support the collaboration between tourism professionals and cultural heritage stakeholders committed to resolving issues and problems for the destination identified within the stages of the tourism destination's life cycle of evolution (Butler, 1980).

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The present study had as objective to verify the project Vivendo Pernambuco in order to understand its contributions to the cultural tourism, and local development in the state of Pernambuco. Due to the project characteristics, which includes diverse communities in its elaboration and execution, we opted to investigate the communication and mobilization strategies, used to stimulate the participation of the involved, and to reach its main objective: the marketing and commercialization of Pernambuco as a tourism destination. The methodological procedures were accomplished by qualitative analysis, making use of methods such as: bibliographic research, documental analysis, and a routine of semi-structured interview. We chose a case study to analyze a proposal of a political action in the practice of tourism in Pernambuco. Regarding to aspects of theory, the bibliographic summary was guided by the following orientation subjects: tourism, local development, and communication and mobilization strategies. The bibliographic summary was assembled through the documental analysis of the plan of tourism strategy 2008/2020, and the project Vivendo Pernambuco, both developed by Setur/Empetur, which are official organizations of the tourism sector. In order to analyze the data, different categories were developed in relation to the following perspectives: tourism utilization of cultural aspects, communication and mobilization strategies utilized, and contribution to the local development. The results of these investigations show that the goals of the project Vivendo Pernambuco render concrete effects pertaining to the marketing and commercialization of Pernambuco as a destination. Nonetheless, we can infer that the touristic branch stimulated continues to be the sun and the sea, which brings profits to major companies, third-party services and equipment businesses as well as counties with an established tourism structure. Although such shortcomings, the Project Vivendo Pernambuco brings tangible results with regard to the promotion and marketing of the destination Pernambuco and also contributes to the local development to the extent that it stimulates the use of endogenous resources, favors the establishment of partnerships between the public and private sectors and supports the suply chain of tourism.
O presente estudo objetivou analisar o Projeto Vivendo Pernambuco para verificar suas contribuições ao turismo cultural e ao desenvolvimento local em Pernambuco. Em função das características do Projeto, que envolve diferentes públicos para sua elaboração e execução, optou-se por investigar as estratégias de comunicação e mobilização utilizadas para estimular a participação dos envolvidos e para atingir seu objetivo principal: a promoção e comercialização do destino Pernambuco. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram subsidiados através da análise qualitativa, utilizando métodos como: pesquisa bibliográfica, análise documental e roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. Trata-se de um estudo de caso para analisar uma proposta de ação política na prática do turismo de Pernambuco. No que se refere aos aportes teóricos, a revisão bibliográfica foi direcionada pelos seguintes temas norteadores: turismo, desenvolvimento local e estratégias de comunicação e mobilização. Foi realizada também uma análise documental do Plano Estratégico de Turismo 2008/2020 e do Projeto Vivendo Pernambuco, elaborados pela Setur/Empetur, órgãos oficiais do turismo em Pernambuco. Para a análise dos dados, foram formatadas as seguintes categorias: aproveitamento turístico da oferta cultural; estratégias de comunicação e mobilização utilizadas; e contribuições para o desenvolvimento local. Os resultados da investigação demonstraram que o Projeto Vivendo Pernambuco faz um aproveitamento pouco efetivo da oferta cultural – material e imaterial, apesar da tentativa de estímulo à prática do turismo cultural. O segmento turístico estimulado permanece sendo o turismo de sol e mar que traz mais benefícios para as grandes empresas do setor, e consequentemente, para os prestadores de serviços, equipamentos e municípios de estrutura turística consolidada. Embora apresente tais lacunas, o Projeto Vivendo Pernambuco traz resultados concretos no que se refere à promoção e comercialização do destino Pernambuco e também contribui para o desenvolvimento local na medida em que estimula o aproveitamento dos recursos endógenos, favorece o estabelecimento de parcerias entre os setores público e privado e apoia a cadeia produtiva do turismo.

O presente trabalho intitulado “Turismo Cultural e Criativo: o caso de Santa Cruz em Cabo Verde” pretende estimular as danças tradicionais, através de workshops com a marca “Viver Santa Cruz”, para o desenvolvimento e implementação do turismo criativo. É um projeto de investigação em turismo e aplicação que visa desenvolver uma abordagem integrada de práticas de turismo cultural e turismo criativo no Concelho de Santa Cruz em Cabo Verde. Como já foi referido, este projeto tem como objetivo crucial contribuir para a implementação e desenvolvimento do turismo cultural e criativo em Santa Cruz através das atividades criativas culturais, valorizando e preservando o património e contribuir para o desenvolvimento qualificado do território. Para isto, foi realizado um estudo de caso utilizando uma metodologia mista em que foram entrevistados os representantes das associações culturais e os dirigentes das entidades turísticas do concelho de Santa Cruz e foram aplicados os inquéritos por questionários aos residentes do concelho. Os resultados apontam que o projeto “viver Santa Cruz” contribui para definições e desenvolvimento de políticas relativas ao turismo cultural, turismo criativo e turismo no seu modo geral. E assim, o projeto estabelece o envolvimento de toda a comunidade no turismo cultural e criativo e as práticas de empreendedorismo baseado no produto local, criação e desenvolvimento da oferta turística, de modo a atrair visitante para o Concelho a, procura de uma nova experiência autêntica e local. O projeto proposto, “viver Santa Cruz”, pretende envolver a participação ativa dos visitantes, o envolvimento da comunidade, conhecimento, aprendizagem e a criatividade, com o intuito de valorizar e preservar o património material e imaterial do Concelho; ABSTRACT: Cultural and Creative Tourism: the case of Santa Cruz in Cape Verde The present work entitled “Cultural and Creative Tourism: the case of Santa Cruz in Cape Verde” intends to stimulate traditional dances, through workshops with the brand “Living Santa Cruz”, for the development and implementation of creative tourism. It is a tourism research and application project that aims to develop an integrated approach to cultural tourism and creative tourism practices in the Municipality of Santa Cruz in Cape Verde. As already mentioned, this project has the crucial objective of contributing to the implementation and development of cultural and creative tourism in Santa Cruz through cultural creative activities, valuing and preserving the heritage and contributing to the qualified development of the territory. For this, a case study was carried out using a mixed methodology in which the representatives of the cultural associations and the leaders of the tourism entities of the municipality of Santa Cruz were interviewed, and questionnaire surveys were applied to the residents of the municipality. The results point out that the “Living Santa Cruz” project contributes to definitions and development of policies regarding cultural tourism, creative tourism, and tourism in general. And so, the project establishes the involvement of the whole community in cultural and creative tourism and the practices of entrepreneurship based on the local product, creation and development of the tourist offer, in order to attract visitors to the County in search of a new authentic and local experience. The proposed project, “Living Santa Cruz”, intends to involve the active participation of visitors, community involvement, knowledge, learning, and creativity, with the aim of valuing and preserving the material and immaterial heritage of the County.

As aglomerações de empresas têm despertado o interesse de pesquisadores e formuladores de políticas, dadas as suas particularidades, em comparação com os negócios que não se localizam em aglomerações, pois têm havido desempenhos satisfatórios que são obtidos pelas empresas participantes das aglomerações, e desenvolvimento nas localidades em que os aglomerados se instalam. O desenvolvimento local é contribuinte da melhoria da qualidade de vida das regiões, a partir do impacto que é gerado em várias dimensões, quais sejam: espacial, cultural, política, institucional, social, econômica e ambiental. O Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL) é um tipo de aglomerado empresarial que se constitui em um sistema formador de ações coletivas e resultados promissores para determinada região. Assim, é um agente para o desenvolvimento dessa localidade, dada sua capacidade de impactar as dimensões do desenvolvimento local por meio de ações potencializadoras e/ou inibidoras. A proposta deste estudo foi estudar quais, e como, fatores presentes em três arranjos produtivos locais, situados nas regiões Sudeste e Centro-Oeste do Brasil, contribuem ou inibem o desenvolvimento local das regiões em que estão inseridos, a partir das inter-relações entre as dimensões ambiental, cultural, econômica, espacial, institucional, política e social. Os objetivos específicos foram: i) identificar os atores, as dimensões e os fatores presentes nos arranjos produtivos locais, considerando a possível interferência no desenvolvimento local; ii) alocar os fatores conforme as categorias de análise; iii) entender o conjunto dos fatores, das relações e das interações, presentes entre os atores/agentes e as dimensões do desenvolvimento local; iv) compreender os fatores que contribuem para o desenvolvimento local; v) compreender os fatores que inibem o desenvolvimento local. A pesquisa foi de natureza aplicada, abordagem qualitativa e descritiva. A estratégia utilizada para alcançar o objetivo proposto foi o estudo multicasos. As técnicas de coleta de dados foram: entrevistas, observação não participante e análise documental. Para interpretação dos dados foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo a partir das categorias, aspectos: ambientais, culturais, econômicos, espaciais, institucionais, políticos e sociais. Os resultados apontaram que houve desenvolvimento local nos três arranjos estudados, porém com diferenças de impacto entre os fatores formadores de cada dimensão, assim como entre a contribuição de cada dimensão ao desenvolvimento local. Vários fatores apresentaram tanto potencializar quanto inibir o desenvolvimento. Verificou-se que o fator Cooperação, Coletividade é chave para as práticas de desenvolvimento, assim como a dimensão institucional, por ser coordenadora e disseminadora potencial de ações para esse fim. A dimensão econômica ainda é a que mais motiva as ações e estratégias dos arranjos, e a dimensão ambiental tem tido menor motivação, o que tem comprometido, e muito, o desenvolvimento das regiões analisadas. É necessário contemplar visão de maior envolvimento e transformação cultural entre os agentes/atores dos locais. Como sugestões práticas, as políticas (públicas e privadas) devem considerar aspectos imprescindíveis ao desenvolvimento local, quais sejam: a formação da autonomia do arranjo; a flexibilidade quanto as fronteiras espaciais para definição de variados problemas e variadas soluções; a perspectiva de longo prazo; a inovação e o profissionalismo, por uma visão ampla, além da dimensão financeira.
The agglomerations of companies attracted the interest of researchers and policymakers, given their particularities, compared to companies not located in agglomerations, because occurred satisfactory performances by the companies participating in the agglomerations, and development in the localities where the agglomerates settle. The local development contributes to the improvement of the quality of life of the regions, by the impact generated in several dimensions, such as: spatial, cultural, political, institutional, social, economic and environmental. The cluster is a type of industrial agglomerated composed of a system of collective actions and promising results for a given region. Thus, it is an agent for the development of this locality, given its capacity to affect the dimensions of local development through actions that contribute to or inhibit in this development. The research was the purpose of studying which, and how, factors present in three clusters, situated in the Southeast and Center-West regions of Brazil, contribute or inhibit the local development of the regions in which they belong, based on the interrelations between the dimensions: environmental, cultural, economic, spatial, institutional, political and social. The specific objectives were: i) identify the actors, dimensions, and factors present in the clusters, considering the possible interference in local development; ii) allocate the factors according to the categories of analysis; iii) understand the set of factors, relationships and interactions, present between the actors/agents and the dimensions of local development; iv) understand the factors that contribute to local development; v) understand the factors that inhibit local development. The research considered a study of an applied nature, qualitative approach and descriptive. The strategy used to reach the proposed goal was the multi-case study. The techniques of data collection were interviews, non-participant observation, and documentary analysis. For the interpretation of the data, was used the content analysis according to the categories, aspects: environmental, cultural, economic, spatial, institutional, political and social. The results showed that there was local development in the three arrangements studied, but with differences of impact between the factors forming each dimension, as well as between the contribution of each dimension to local development. Several factors have both potentialized and inhibited development. The factor Cooperation, Collectivity was indicated as fundamental for the development practices, as well as the institutional dimension, for having a potential coordinator and disseminator of actions for this purpose. The economic dimension is still the one that most motivates the actions and strategies in the arrangements, and the environmental dimension has less motivation, which has greatly committed the development of the analyzed regions. It is necessary to contemplate a vision of greater involvement and cultural transformation among the agents/actors from locals. As practical suggestions, the policies (public and private) should consider aspects essential to local development, such as: the formation of the autonomy of the arrangement; the flexibility of spatial frontier to define varied problems and solutions; the long-term perspective; the innovation and the professionalism, for a broad vision, beyond the financial dimension.

This work investigates the hypothesis although culture in the Northeast region lacks access and market of industrialized products and services - especially in what concerns cultural infrastructure - represents a remarkable cultural diversity when compared to other Brazilian regions in popular culture expressions. This hypothesis allow us to also make a significant relation between the reality presented in Northeast culture statistics and regional cultural public policies, especially when it comes to financing programs, such as Lei Rouanet . We realize that this cultural diversity is not followed by public investment in culture, still highly concentrated in Brazilian Southeast. All numbers and data were extracted from the Anuário de Estatísticas Culturais 2009 , published by the Ministry of Culture. Our work includes the main statistic researches of the Federal Government since 2004, period in which there is a higher amount of information produced about culture. The importance of this subject concerns the role of culture as a tool for socioeconomic development in regions, nations and the world, as we can see in the relevant participation of this sector in national economies, whether in the generation of jobs and incomes or in a better quality of life in communities as a whole. Culture and development over the last decade has also been a theme strongly present in the discussions of internationally recognized institutions such as UNO (United Nations Organization).
O presente trabalho investiga a hipótese de que, apesar da cultura no Nordeste ser carente no acesso, produção e oferta de bens e serviços culturais industrializados e de massa, especialmente no que tange à existência de equipamentos e infraestrutura cultural, ela oferece uma destacada diversidade cultural quando comparada às demais regiões brasileiras nas manifestações relacionadas à cultura popular. A partir da hipótese proposta, é possível ainda a construção de uma relação significativa entre a realidade apresentada pelas estatísticas de cultura no Nordeste e as políticas e financiamentos públicos culturais para a região. Observa-se que essa riqueza cultural não é acompanhada por investimentos público em cultura, altamente concentrados no Sudeste brasileiro. Todos os números e dados estudados foram extraídos do Anuário de Estatísticas Culturais 2009 (Ministério da Cultura), sendo que nosso trabalho inclui as principais pesquisas estatísticas realizadas pelo Governo Federal desde 2004, período em que há maior quantidade de informações produzidas sobre este setor. A relevância do tema concerne ao papel da cultura como vetor de desenvolvimento socioeconômico nacional e regional no Brasil e no mundo, conforme se observa na significativa participação do setor na economia das nações, seja na geração de emprego e renda ou na melhor qualidade de vida das populações em geral. A importância da cultura também ser observa em sua presença crescente nas discussões de organismos como a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU).

[ES] Esta investigación recoge distintos puntos de vista y percepciones en torno a los impedimentos de comunicación de la acción cultural, en especial entre personas que viven en pobreza, en la República Dominicana. La misma se basa en un extenso análisis bibliográfico y de opinión y contó con la participación de más de 1,800 internautas, de más de 300 estudiantes de bachillerato, de casi una veintena de expertos y de cerca de una decena de residentes rurales para presentar una correlación entre cultura, desarrollo, (des)igualdad y comunicación. Se pretende contextualizar la realidad de la República Dominicana en materia de comunicación, acción y educación cultural, así como la percepción que tiene el dominicano en torno a las desigualdades en el campo cultural. En el proceso se identificaron oportunidades de mejora e ideas para maximizar la difusión de acciones culturales.
[CA] Esta investigación arreplega distints punts de vista i percepcions entorn dels impediments de comunicació de l'acció cultural, en especial entre persones que viuen en pobresa, en la República Dominicana. La mateixa es basa en una extensa anàlisi bibliogràfica i d'opinió i va comptar amb la participació de més de 1,800 internautes, de més de 300 estudiants de batxillerat, de quasi una vintena d'experts i de prop d'una desena de residents rurals per a presentar una correlació entre cultura, desenrotllament, (dónes) igualtat i comunicació. Es pretén contextualitzar la realitat de la República Dominicana en matèria de comunicació, acció i educació cultural, així com la percepció que té el dominicà entorn de les desigualtats en el camp cultural. En el procés es van identificar oportunitats de millora i idees per a maximitzar la difusió d'accions culturals.
[EN] This research collects different points of view and perceptions about the communication impediments of the cultural action, especially among people living in poverty, in the Dominican Republic. It is based on an extensive bibliographical and opinion analysis and a series of interactions involving more than 1,800 Internet users, more than 300 high school students, almost twenty experts and about ten rural residents to present a correlation between culture, development, (dis)equality and communication. The aim is to contextualize the reality of the Dominican Republic in terms of communication, cultural action and education, as well as the perception that the Dominican individuals have, regarding the inequalities in the cultural field. Throughout this process, opportunities for improvement and ideas for maximizing the dissemination of cultural actions were identified.
Martinez Sosa, MI. (2020). Comunicación de la cultura en la República Dominicana, impedimentos para la difusión y su relación con la pobreza [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/156036
TESIS

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Our aim is to analyze proposed actions for local development through art and culture actions taken by a non-governamental organization in benefit of youth from five cities in Goitá Basin Goitá, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. The main focus of research is the the Acordeão Cultural project, and we identify its communication strategies contributions and pitfalls, in the scope of local development actions. Theoretical research was based on participatory communication, community building and social mobilization for local development. In this context, we searched under the gaze of Folkcommunication theater mobilization as a strategy of interpersonal communication supported in art and culture. This is a case study, based on a qualitative research, taking as its starting point a review of the literature in order to identify concepts, and concomitantly an exploratory survey was conducted. Among the instruments we opted for semi-structured interviews with young people and the project team, and testimonials to understand and recover some important aspects of the lives of these young Accordion Cultural. Thus it was necessary to insert in the universe of respondents to the participant observation and sometimes even sharing the activities included in the project. In the analysis highlight some important points as the practice of tracking and monitoring of activities, and factors that facilitated the escape of young people in the project. The results revealed that the Accordion Cultural brings the main theater of action mobilization through the "Hear the voice of art." We also emphasize that the activities of scenic art possible, young people involved in culture, create their own speeches, becoming critical citizens and participating in society they are part, to demand their rights and intervene in their community, reissuing the experience of this activity in local schools.
O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as ações propostas para o desenvolvimento local por meio da arte e da cultura, pela Organização não-governamental Geração Futuro, em beneficio dos jovens de cinco municípios da Bacia do Goitá, Pernambuco. O foco principal da pesquisa é a experiência do projeto Sanfona Cultural, assim buscamos identificar os limites e as contribuições das ações comunicacionais utilizadas pela Geração Futuro nesse projeto que aponta para o desenvolvimento humano de jovens na perspectiva de construir mudanças consideradas integradoras do desenvolvimento local. O marco teórico da pesquisa foi fundamentado na comunicação comunitária participativa e mobilização social como proposta para o desenvolvimento local. Nesse contexto, fomos buscar sob o olhar da folkcomunicação o teatro de mobilização como estratégia de comunicação interpessoal apoiada na arte e na cultura local. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, fundamentado numa pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, tendo como ponto de partida uma revisão da literatura, a fim de identificar conceitos, e concomitantemente foi efetuada uma pesquisa exploratória. Entre os instrumentos utilizados optamos pelas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os jovens e a equipe do projeto, e depoimentos para entender e reaver alguns aspectos marcantes da vida desses jovens do Sanfona Cultural. Assim, foi necessária a inserção no universo dos entrevistados, para a observação participante e em algumas vezes até mesmo compartilhando das atividades inseridas no projeto. Na análise destacamos alguns pontos importantes como a prática de monitoramento e acompanhamento das atividades, e os fatores que favoreceram a evasão dos jovens no projeto. Os resultados revelaram que o Sanfona Cultural traz como principal ação o teatro de mobilização através do “Ouve a Voz da Arte”. Ressaltamos ainda, que as atividades de arte cênicas possibilitou, aos jovens agentes culturais, criarem os seus próprios discursos, tornando-se cidadãos críticos e participativos na sociedade da qual fazem parte, de modo a exigir os seus direitos e intervir na sua comunidade, reeditando a experiência dessa atividade nas escolas dos municípios.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-12-13T12:20:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosiane Pereira Alves.pdf: 894562 bytes, checksum: 4071e418484d0745d8eead232782aa40 (MD5)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
In Brazil in the 1980’s, due to an economic crisis the shoe trade in Toritama has declined. AS a result, people of the region started to make and trade jeans as a way to survive. Different ways of making garments has occured since then and a process of development was unleashed in the city which is nowadays a member of Arranjo Produtivo Local de Confecções. Thus, the aim of this research is to outline and analyse the cultural reconversion process in the popular fashion creation of Arranjo Produtivo Local de Confecções do Agreste de Pernambuco, particularly the process of change occured between 1980 and 2009 in Toritama, in addition to the possible implications for the local growth. It was also the aim to identify in the local fashion creation and projection the elements transposed from the massive, popular and hegemonic cultures through the ebulition (bubble up) and dripping (trickle down) movements. The research used the qualitative survey to reach the results, thus the main methodological category priorizing the history through semi structured interviews. Those ones showed that in the last 30 years there has been current cycles of hibridization in the popular fashion within the massive interaction and trade, this made changes in the way of acquisition, presentation, and manipulation of cloth, garment accessories, machinery and technology used, all of them were reused as a new techinique creation, production, commercialization of jeans, for instance the inclusion of previous procedure plans which raised a productive globalization and restructured the local development. Most of those reconversions increased, due to governmental and non-governmental support, such as projects, training courses, fashion and business events. If on the one hand the activity of creation and production of fashion developed job and income in Toritama, it was also stablished organizational structure and partnerships. On the other hand it also unleashed a process of environmental threaten.
A partir de década de 1980, em meio à crise econômica que atingiu o Brasil, e com o declínio da atividade calçadista em Toritama, as pessoas dessa localidade passaram a produzir e comercializar calça jeans, como uma estratégia de sobrevivência. Desde então, ocorreram diferentes mudanças no modo de criar e confeccionar essa peça do vestuário, desencadeando um processo de desenvolvimento no município, hoje integrante do Arranjo Produtivo Local de Confecções de Pernambuco. Assim sendo, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar os processos de reconversões culturais na criação da moda popular do Arranjo Produtivo Local de Confecções do Agreste de Pernambuco, particularmente os processos de mudanças ocorridos no design de moda, entre 1980 e 2009, no município de Toritama, e suas possíveis implicações no desenvolvimento local. Buscou-se também identificar na criação e projeção da moda local os elementos transpostos das culturas popular e massiva hegemônica, por meio dos movimentos de ebulição (bubble-up) e gotejamento (trickle-down). Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo de caso, de caráter qualitativo. Elegeu-se como principal categoria metodológica a história oral, priorizando como procedimento técnico as entrevistas semiestruturadas. Estas revelaram ter havido, nesses quase trinta anos, sucessivos ciclos de hibridizações na moda popular em meio à interação com o massivo e com o mercado, que gerou mudanças na forma de aquisição, apresentação e manipulação do tecido, aviamentos, maquinaria e tecnologia empregada, todas reconvertidas em novas técnicas de criação, produção e comercialização da calça jeans, como, por exemplo, a inclusão do planejamento prévio nos procedimentos de trabalho, com repercussão, em meio aos processos de globalização e reestruturação produtiva, no desenvolvimento local. Muitas dessas reconversões se intensificaram em função das intervenções governamentais e não governamentais, tais como projetos, cursos de capacitação, eventos de moda e negócio. E se por um lado a atividade ligada à criação e produção da moda gerou no município de Toritama emprego e renda, criou uma estrutura organizacional e estabeleceu parcerias; por outro lado, também desencadeou um processo de comprometimento ambiental.

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The objective of this study is to analyze the process of cultural reconversion experienced by the Negro Rural Quilombola Community of Leitão/Umbuzeiro, in the backlands of Pernambuco, during their hybridous history in a massive and hegemonic culture. Our research seeks to understand the cultural reconversions as the quilombola population proceeds in their endeavors and life, confronting the proposals of public policies for the construction of local development in the community. With our research we want to reflect on the trajectory of a popular culture, historically radicalized, in the sense of seeking and developing strategies to adapt without forgetting their ethnic essence and integrating and remaining in the environment of temporal globalization markets the homologization of cultures. The contextualizations of cultural reconversions and their recomposition of cultural identity in contempory life were compiled in the reflexions of Canclini (1996, 2000a, 2000b, 2001, 2006), Bhabha (2007), Burke (2003, 2006), Hall (2004, 2007), Hannerz (1997), Silva (2007), Tauk Santos (2000, 2001, 2008), Vargas (2007), while the parameter of analysis with suppositions of political policies be they from politics of Rural Extension for local development or other programs of the Federal Government, found in Callou (2006), Campanhola; Graziano da Silva (2004), Caporal (2006), Jara (2000; 2001), Milanez (2003), Pires, A, (2004), Pires, M. (2005). In this way we want to recapture the formation of the quilombos and historical quilombolas, traditional communities; the resignification to be quilombola and rural negro communities; social movements in Dias, (2003), Freitas, D. (19997; 1980); 1982), Gohn, (2003), Gomes (1996), Leite (2000), Moura (1972; 1981; 1987;), Ratts (2001), Silva. V., (2000). For the study of territories of the city of Afogados da Ingazeira we used, among others, the research of Cerquinha (2003) e Pires, F. (2004). This is a case study where we used techniques combining the collection of data with documental analyses,ethnographical research and a program of semi-structed interviews with memories of the quilombo community. From this analysis, we can confirm the cultural reconversions in the Negro Rural Quilomobola Community of Leitão/Umbuzeiro, concerning the work and economical activities in daily living. The most expressive of the cultural reconversions occurred due to the benefits from the cashew nuts which being part of the global market as well as the globalization of cultures, the quilomboas took advantage of the massive cultural hegemony joined to the strategies of communication and commercialization.
O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o processo de reconversão cultural vivenciado pela Comunidade Negra Rural Quilombola de Leitão/Umbuzeiro, no Sertão de Pernambuco, ao longo da sua trajetória no processo de hibridização com a cultura massiva hegemônica. A pesquisa centra-se em compreender as reconversões culturais que a população quilombola procede em seu trabalho e na sua vida, face às propostas das políticas públicas para a construção do desenvolvimento local na comunidade. Buscamos com a pesquisa refletir acerca da trajetória de uma cultura de contexto popular, racializada historicamente, no sentido de buscar e desenvolver estratégias a se adequar, sem esquecer a sua essência étnica, e se inserir e permanecer nos contextos em tempos de globalização dos mercados e mundialização das culturas. A contextualização das reconversões culturais e sua recomposição da identidade cultural no contemporâneo foram compostas nas reflexões de Canclini (1996, 2000a, 2000b, 2001, 2006), Bhabha (2007), Burke (2003, 2006), Hall (2004, 2007), Hannerz (1997), Silva (2007), Tauk Santos (2000, 2001, 2008), Vargas (2007), como parâmetro de análise com pressupostos das ações públicas, seja através da política de Extensão Rural para o desenvolvimento local e outros programas do Governo Federal, buscados em Callou (2006), Campanhola; Graziano da Silva (2004), Caporal (2006), Jara (2000; 2001), Milanez (2003), Pires, A, (2004), Pires, M. (2005). Assim, procuramos resgatar a formação dos quilombos e quilombolas históricos, comunidades tradicionais; a ressignificação do ser quilombola e das comunidades negras rurais; movimentos sociais em Dias, (2003), Freitas, D. (19997; 1980); 1982), Gohn, (2003), Gomes (1996), Leite (2000), Moura (1972; 1981; 1987;), Ratts (2001), Silva. V., (2000). Para o estudo dos territórios da cidade de Afogados da Ingazeira, foram utilizadas as pesquisas de Cerquinha (2003) e Pires, F. (2004), entre outros. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, onde foram usadas técnicas combinadas de coleta de dados com análise documental, pesquisa etnográfica e roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturado com remanescentes de comunidade de quilombo. A partir da análise, confirmamos as reconversões culturais na Comunidade Negra Rural Quilombola de Leitão/Umbuzeiro, concernentes às atividades laboral/econômica e na vida cotidiana, sociocultural. A maior expressividade das reconversões culturais se deu por meio do beneficiamento da castanha de caju que, para se inserir no mercado global e na mundialização das culturas, foram utilizadas pelos quilombolas da cultura hegemônica massiva, com estratégias de comunicação e comercialização.

Très présents sur les sites archéologiques, les vestiges d’architecture de terre suscitent un intérêt grandissant, pour la communauté scientifique, pour les autorités en charge de la protection du patrimoine, pour les populations locales et pour le grand public, amateur de tourisme culturel. De plus en plus de projets d’étude, conservation et mise en valeur des vestiges en terre sur les sites archéologiques voient le jour dans le monde, dans une perspective d’apport du patrimoine au développement local et territorial. Ces projets font appel à des compétences multiples, empruntant notamment aux disciplines de l’archéologie, de l’architecture, de la conservation, et au domaine de la valorisation patrimoniale. Des acteurs aux profils variés sont ainsi amenés à collaborer sur des projets à la fois plus nombreux et plus complexes, intégrant les apports et attentes de parties prenantes très diversifiées, dans une approche holistique et contextualisée de gestion du patrimoine (Agnew et Bridgland 2006).Les modalités de ces nouvelles collaborations sont étudiées en profondeur dans cette thèse, afin d’analyser les enjeux interdisciplinaires et les enjeux de formation qui en résultent. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que les rapprochements entre les différents acteurs concernés par le patrimoine archéologique génèrent des perspectives de formations plus spécifiques, voire l’émergence de nouveaux métiers au carrefour des disciplines, qui seraient en mesure de mieux répondre aux attentes actuelles vis-à-vis de ce patrimoine.La recherche est fondée sur des enquêtes de terrain et des rencontres d’acteurs menées sur le long terme (quinze années d’exercice scientifique et professionnel), sur cinq sites principaux et douze sites de référence, principalement en Asie, mais aussi en Afrique et en Amérique Latine. Une grille d’analyse permet de confronter les pratiques observées sur ces terrains d’étude aux recommandations internationales en termes d’étude, conservation et valorisation du patrimoine archéologique en terre. Ces recommandations sont issues d’un corpus composé de publications de référence, de chartes et déclarations internationales, de conférences sur l’architecture de terre et de programmes internationaux sur cette thématique. Les résultats de l’analyse comparative nous amènent à faire des propositions méthodologiques et à énoncer des lignes directrices de programmes de formations plus spécifiques. Nous souhaitons ainsi contribuer aux dynamiques de recherche et d’enseignement qui se mettent en place autour du patrimoine archéologique en terre et de son apport au développement local
Very present on archaeological sites, the vestiges of earthen architecture are arousing a growing interest, for the scientific community, for the authorities in charge of heritage protection, for the local populations and for the general public, fan of cultural tourism. More and more projects for study, conservation and enhancement of earthen architecture in archaeological context are emerging in the world, with a view to contributing to local and territorial development. These projects involve multiple skills, borrowing in particular from the disciplines of archeology, of architecture, of heritage conservation, and from the field of heritage valorisation. Specialists in each field are invited to collaborate on projects that are more numerous and more complex, integrating the inputs and expectations of very diverse stakeholders, in a holistic and contextualized approach to heritage management (Agnew, Bridgland 2006).The conditions governing these new collaborations are studied in depth in this thesis, in order to analyze the interdisciplinary challenges and the resulting training issues. We make the hypothesis that the links between the various actors involved in the archaeological heritage generate more specific training prospects, and even the emergence of new trades at the crossroads and interfaces of the disciplines, which would better meet current expectations with regard to this heritage.The research is based on field surveys and stakeholder meetings realized over the long term (fifteen years of scientific and professional practice), at five main sites and twelve reference sites, mainly in Asia, but also in Africa and in Latin America. An analysis grid allows to compare the practices observed on the field with the international recommendations in terms of study, conservation and valorisation of the archaeological heritage built with earth. These recommendations are based on a corpus of reference publications, international charters and declarations, conferences on earthen architecture and international programs on this theme. The results of the comparative analysis lead us to make methodological proposals and to formulate guidelines for more specific training programs. In this way, we wish to contribute to the new research and training dynamics that are set up around the earthen archaeological heritage and its contribution to local development

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This dissertation aims to evidence that public institutions, involved in the tourism of the Cultural Events in Pernambuco´s countryside, have policies destined to the local needs, respecting cultural identities and attending in a fair mood the different regions of the State. The main questions which we intended to analyze and respond were: Do the public institutions, involved in the cultural tourism events in Pernambuco's countryside, have appropriated policies to their local needs? Do they respond to the cultural identities? Through the perception of the respective managers on these activities and considering such events as vectors of local development, it was possible to perceive the panorama of these events in the Pernambuco's countryside.The analysis, based on the managers´ speeches about public institutions involved in the cultural event's management and considering the attendance to the municipalities, made possible the proposition of pertinent considerations about Public policies proposed by these agents. The research is characterized as a theoretic and empirical work in accordance to a qualitative approach. The main research instruments included: documentary analysis relating to policies and institutions involved, as well as interviews using semi-structured technique which were held with the managers of theses institutions. As a result, it was observed, in the last five years, an increase in cultural policy in the state, including its countryside. However, the interiorization of such police is still not satisfactory to the internal region. In previous managements, the cultural event's policies in Pernambuco used to contemplate only metropolitan area. On the other hand, this investigation verified that the inertia, in the past, was broken. These policies have sought to respect local identities and do not attend, mostly, cities with low Human Development Index. Finally, the development resulted of these policies was not measured in quantitative dimensions due to the limitations of this research on accessibility issues, time and other variables.
Por meio da presente dissertação, pretende-se evidenciar a hipótese de que as instituições públicas envolvidas no Turismo dos Eventos Culturais, no interior do estado de Pernambuco, possuem políticas direcionadas às necessidades locais, respeitando as identidades culturais, atendendo de forma equânime as diferentes regiões do Estado. As questões fundamentais que se objetivou analisar e responder foram: As instituições públicas envolvidas no Turismo dos eventos culturais no interior do estado de Pernambuco oferecem políticas adequadas às necessidades locais? Neste processo, estas mesmas instituições buscam a preservação das identidades culturais? A partir da percepção dos respectivos gestores responsáveis pelos eventos culturais, e considerando esses eventos vetores de desenvolvimento local, foi possível perceber um panorama deste segmento no interior pernambucano. A análise baseada na fala dos gestores sobre as Instituições Públicas envolvidas na gestão dos eventos culturais, considerando o atendimento aos municípios através de suas diferentes ações, possibilitou a proposição de considerações pertinentes sobre as Políticas Públicas propostas por esses agentes. Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como um trabalho teórico-empírico tendo como base uma abordagem qualitativa. Os principais instrumentos de pesquisa foram: análise documental referente às políticas das instituições envolvidas e entrevistas com roteiros semiestruturados, realizadas com os gestores das instituições. Através do estudo, verificou-se, nos últimos cinco anos, um incremento da política cultural no estado, destacando o interior, porém, essa interiorização da política ainda não é suficiente. Todavia, em gestões anteriores, as ações do Estado de Pernambuco para eventos culturais tratavam-se de um processo que contemplava em quase sua totalidade a Região Metropolitana, portanto este estudo verifica que foi quebrada a inércia verificada no passado. As políticas em voga buscam respeitar as identidades locais e não atendem, em sua maioria, municípios com baixo Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano. Por fim, destacamos que o desenvolvimento advindo destas políticas não foi mensurado em dimensões quantitativas por fatores limitantes desta pesquisa como questões de acessibilidade, tempo, entre outras variáveis.

碩士
國立臺中科技大學
商業設計系碩士班
104
Culture is the accumulation of human life and the embodiment of lifestyle. Its patterns keep changing and show diverse appearance with time. It remains open and fluctuated under the interaction of time, geography, ethnicity, religion and other factors. Due to the changing characteristic of culture, development of cultural and creative commodities should conform to evolution of times as well as above mentioned human lifestyle. Local culture is "unique" and "diversified" even under the worldwide influence of globalization, since it has evolved with the genes of foreign culture during the process of culture integration. When the local culture elements are used in the development of cultural and creative commodities, those products will have the significance of cultural heritage, and explore the depth and the value of goods. Eventually, these kinds of products attract consumers who have the same cultural gene to procure with satisfaction and meet with their cultural recognition preference. In this study, a development pattern is proposed to map local culture into cultural and creative commodities design through systematic procedures and daily life experience. It filters and captures the cultural elements effectively in the corresponding mapping process and integrates into the design process. As a conclusion, the proposed development pattern of cultural and creative commodities is able to abstract specific cultural elements in a logical thinking manner and provide feasible design advice. Several design cases regarding cultural and creative commodity development are implemented and the feasibility of industrialization is also discussed.

碩士
東海大學
行政管理暨政策學系
101
In recent years, most countries have made efforts to develop cultural and creative industries, which has its uniqueness and difficult to imitate, for facilitating local economy and rehabilitating life value. Not only do it drive local economic development, but also boost the value of cultural life. This research is to explore the gap of the cultural and creative industries between original Taichung County and Taichung City, and to understand the state, policy, and the situation of integration through the local development and regional innovation system theory, and to realize the interaction of government, academic institutions, and business. Then, propose the helpful solutions and recommendations. The study pointed out that the government makes cultural and creative industries policy based on the social situation and the need of industries. And it also helps the development of cultural and creative industries by the competition and counseling program. But the effectiveness of the implementation is still having a gap in contrast to the policy. Secondly, it is principal interaction between government and business cooperation in the region. The second cooperation is between business and academic institutions. Finally, after the merger of Taichung City and Taichung County, there are two major cultural pattern of local industrial development that the inner circle is Modern Art and the outer ring is local industry. It will reach the space integration by holding the bigger festivals and activities and with the evolution of time.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
美術系在職進修碩士學位班
91
ABSTRACT This study focuses on the impact of cultural industry on the development of local cultural museum and takes the visual design of Museum of Shadow Puppet, Kaohsiung County as the study subject. In recent years, the promotion of local cultural industry has become one of the important strategies that would stimulate local economy and reserve the cultural remains. Under the political goals of “comprehensive community building” and “cultural industrialization, industrial culturalization,” some museum facilities centered on the theme of “local culture” have been built and developed to integrate the function of museum, community participation, the specialization of planning and design and maintain and promote the local development as well as the cultural heritage. Exhibition is the part that the museums directly face the visitors; “exhibition site” is the space used for the communication between the museum and the visitors. One of the aims of the museum is to achieve the education function through the open visual design and exhibition. Thus, the visual planning and design of exhibition space is essential for the operation of the museum. In addition, due to the insufficient resources of the research on the design and planning of museums, the building, planning, management, and development of museum buildings has not been able to conduct effectively. The shortage of professional management and funds also worsens the problem and makes museums become the residual value of old exhibition room. Nowadays, museums have been regarded as one of the media and tools to maintain the cultural heritage. How to take advantage of this channel to expand our cultural vision becomes an issue of the promotion of local cultural industry with its characteristics and this is also the focus of this study. This creative study attempts to explore the macro environment of Taiwanese cultural museums under the network of changes of governmental cultural policies and the background for establishing Museum of Shadow Puppet, Kaohsiung County; through the actual participation in the visual design of the museum of shadow puppet, we observed the role and function of the work. It is the aim to promote high efficient added value through the creative visual design and planning and it is the attempt to find out the feasibility of cultural industrialization in the exhibition and museum of human art and to serve as the reference for future improvement in the field of visual design and planning of Taiwan’s local cultural museums. There are five chapters in the report and the main points are stated as follows: Chapter 1 Introduction It describes the research object and purpose, research method, and relevant research scope as the initial of the creative research. Chapter 2 Literature Review It states the change of cultural policies in Taiwan in recent years to understand the current situation. Based on personal experience and participation in the design and planning work, the researcher proposes self-observation. From the literature and the background, collective plan, exhibition plan, educational activities, and the use of social resources for establishing Museum of Shadow Puppet, Kaohsiung County, we try to define the future direction and goals. Chapter 3 Theme Analysis Through on site visit, we would know and record the exhibition environment (space, routes, lightening, exhibition item, and demand), analyze the operation of museum of shadow puppet, renew budgeting, and meet the expectations of the museum administration on the remodeling as the basic elements of creation and presentation. Chapter 4 Presentation of Creative Research This chapter describes the actual visual design and planning work in Museum of Shadow Puppet, Kaohsiung County to help us understand the process of creation, media and visual planning and to analyze the plan of theme building, designated building, exhibition room, and the index of the museum environment. Chapter 5 Conclusion and Suggestion In this chapter, we would propose the concrete conclusions for the creative study. We will also offer suggestions to the issues such as the future development of Taiwanese cultural creative industries, the visual design and planning of Museum of Shadow Puppet, Kaohsiung County, exhibition planning, the industrialization, and the like. Key Words: Cultural industry, local cultural museum, shadow puppet, visual design, exhibition planning, the design of environmental index

碩士
國立臺南藝術大學
博物館學研究所
95
Through the case of the Taishan Doll Museum, this thesis attempts to look into the following issues: What happens to our ‘community’? Why do we need a local cultural museum to bring out the idea of ‘community’ and to foster its identity? Why do we need to revive the local industry? This research argues that the economic and the social/cultural aspects of the Doll Museum are shaped by the development of Taiwan and can be studied to examine the policy-making of Taiwan. As the title indicates, the research adopts a reflective approach in order to take a critical stance to inspect the original framework and point out the controversies within. The historical context is hence the focal point. It will first use the theory of Dependant Development to explain how Taiwan was incorporated into global production network, and how the ‘dependency’ molded the economic landscape of peripheral towns in Taiwan. The take-off of the economy, however, also unsettled the society and laid the ground for today’s ‘local cultural museums’. But the emergency of the local museums in Taiwan should also be attributed to the latest cultural policies. The successive Taiwanese generations have witnessed the shift of cultural policies from ‘Nationalsim’ and KMT’s ‘Patriotic Education’, to decentralization and deregulation. With the formation of ‘Community Infrastructure Establishment’ policy in 1994, the cultural policies finally moves into the terrain of ‘Locality Studies’. The traditional culture is explored and seen as a means for local improvements. At the same time, the museum policy is heavily influenced both by this bigger cultural picture and the New Museology movement. It can be argued that the situation of ‘dependency’ exists not only in the economy, but also in the social value and cultural context. In the process of modernization, the traditional cultures of the periphery countries gradually die out, and the social values of the ‘core’ country are praised and imitated. Even though this imitation may lead to the loss of self-confidence or identity-conflict, it is clear that Taiwan’s cultural policy-makers continue copying ideas from the so-called ‘core countries’. For instance, the ‘Community Building Plan’ of Japan and the New Museology movement of Europe and America, are both behind the Community Infrastructure Establishment. This imitation may unintentionally muffle the true voices and beliefs of local residents. Moreover, since the finances of local cultural museums rely on the subsidies of the government, and the administrative power of the museum is held by the municipal bureaus or local elite class, it goes against the ‘bottom-up’ spirit. Because the local people are not empowered to participate the museum work, they are less likely to embrace the projected identity as the administrative or community-building authorities expect. This paper concludes by proposing that only with reflectively examining our economic and cultural dependency, will the local cultural museum movement be ready to carve out our own path and move forward.

碩士
元智大學
資訊社會學研究所
96
Hip-Hop culture has developed almost twenty years in Taiwan which is a subculture being loved and respected. The research is mainly talking about the Taiwan Hip-Hop dance. By the film of the Hip-Hop dancers and performers, qualitative interview and text analysis, I try to outline the process and the pattern of Taiwan Hip-Hop dance. And then to analyze some issues about who the cultural intermediaries are, what cultural capital does they have and how do they intermediate the Hip-Hop dance. Finally, to advance the unique appearance and the distinctive difficulties they faced of Taiwan Hip-Hop dance.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
建築與城鄉研究所
90
ABSTRACT In recent years, local cultural industry (LCI) has become an important strategy that promotes local economic revitalization and cultural heritage preservation. Based on the government’s plan of “Integrated community development” and objectives of “Cultural Industrialization” and “Industrial culturalization”, government has established several museums in succession whose themes are derived from local featured industries, and then those museums become pivots in the development of LCI. However, there are lack of related researches and evaluation of policies on the integrated development of LCI with museums. Therefore, this research takes Taipei County Yingko Ceramics Museum (YCM) and Yingko ceramics industry as the target area to analyze the influences of museum on the economic and cultural development of LCI. First, from the concept of the evolvement of museum’s function and production chain of LCI, this research constructs four sets of analytical frameworks with economy, culture, production, exhibition-and-sale. Second, from the case study of Yingko, this research discusses the roles of museum and local dynamics in the process of industrial transition, and investigates the way how the museum influences the development of LCI. Finally, based on the result of in-depth interview and questionnaire, this research summarizes the effects and models which museum influence the development of LCI. Major findings are summarized as below: 1.YCM brings domestic and international ceramic information into locality and thus enhances local craftsman through internal and external innovative networks to stimulate originality of the production sector of LCI. The key factor of those effects is the linkage of originality and techniques. 2.YCM uses producer-oriented activities to change local industrial bases from manufacturing industry to cultural industry, and it uses consumer-oriented activities to increase tourists. As the result, it encourages artists to station at locality and attracts the investment and sophistication of ceramic retail business. 3.Because of the lack of travel information and transportation networks between YCM and LCI, it causes significant differences of economic spillover of YCM at different locations in locality. 4.YCM is art museum so that it allocates more funds and staffs in art related activities. It causes YCM difficulty to carry out the preservation of local cultural assets. 5.Due to the characteristics of public and non-profit cultural institution, YCM extends internal and external resource networks of LCI to promote the local development. 6.The key factors of the museum’s contributions are about the coordination between museum’s objectives and the demand of local development, museum’s professional staffs, and funds. Keyword: Museum, Local Cultural Industry, Yingko Ceramics Museum, Ceramics Industry

碩士
逢甲大學
土地管理所
93
Taiwan has joined WTO at 2002. Therefore, Taiwan’s agriculture has to face the possible impact to agriculture after joining WTO. It also can influence Taiwan’s economic development in the future. Miaoli county is a typical county whose major industry is agriculture. Miaosli county then may face the same problem as whole Taiwan may have in agriculture and economic development. In order to reduce the possible impact of joining WTO, Miaoli county should develop its own special industry to compete to the other counties and cities. Developing culture industry then has been suggested. In this study, I use the characteristics of local culture and the idea of value chain with the policy of '' the cultural intention industry '' to investigate how to foster the local characteristic industry to reach the goal of local economic development of Miaoli county. There are few research using census data and local culture industry data to investigate the relationship between local culture industry and local economic development. Therefore, in this study, I examine how the local economic development and local characteristic industry correlated first. In addition, some information has been collected through direct interview with several government employees who are in charge in related activities of local culture, and 18 representative manufacturer, to understand the current environment of culture related industry. First, the results have shown that the benefit of the cultural intention industry is not great currently and the industry is mainly distributed over the ocean area. There is only one of aborigines’ technical art. Secondly, the main facts effected management of local characteristic industry include funds, talents and markets. Therefore, developmental tactics are divided into improving the internal environment in short term and the external environment in long term in order to make local characteristic industry turn to develop gradually and to achieve the goal by using the cultural intention industry to improve local economic development.

碩士
南華大學
美學與藝術管理研究所
95
The globalized tendency makes economic development and social environment change fast these days, especially in art, culture and languages. The emphases on the community development and the culture image based on local viewpoint are also discussed one after another. While forming a place image to attract consumers is widely utilized nowadays, it may make the place prosperous. No matter what the appearance of the community is, all of the things, thoughts and memories and historical development in the community are the products of social construction. Therefore, each community has gradually made use of its environmental and historical characteristics to show the typical culture images. 　　 　　Recently, with the effort of the county government and social groups, Yingge tends to tourism development. Yingge town has developed its ample culture outlook in the expectation of the community. Also, ceramic culture and culture images of community brought up by the Yingee International Carnival make Yingge town maintain highly well-known “symbol” value of ceramics industry. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to, firstly, discuss the influence of community and culture formation on person cognitive value by means of the quality method. Second, from the culture transformation impact on the development of community culture images, the study investigates the various chaos and disorder problems in Yingge under the changes of diversified environment. Therefore, the display of culture images of community needs to take the perspective of community development and public awareness into consideration. After the above investigation, the conclusions and suggestions are as follows. 　　 Research Conclusions: (1)The formation of Yingge community culture images led by central policy may interfere with local residents’ free will. (2)The culture, commercial resources and culture images in Yingee town have not integrated them into the situation of image network. (3)The different opinions among the Yingee residents require more integrating and negotiations. 　　 Research Suggestions: (1) The suggestions to the department of government institution: 1.Resources allocation should hinges on the demand. 2.The community culture construction is based on the residential demand and feature displays in local place 3.Cultivating the multi-dimensional professionals needed by the community 4.Maintaining the buildings of community culture images (2) The suggestions to local groups 1.Each unit in the community should share resources to enhance the community culture images. 2.The community groups must view the inhabitants’ demand as objectives. (3) The Suggestions to the Community Residents 1.Participating in the community affairs actively 2.Setting up community recognition

碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
文化創意產業系
106
The food issues began to receive more attention when the food crisis occurred in 2008, at the same time, the food issue also reflects the fact that agricultural companies with strong capital affect the entire agricultural system and market. Compared to small-scale farmers who depend on agriculture for their livelihood, they gradually lose their competitiveness. In order to preserve the trust of consumers, establish the connection between people, and reduce the waste of food in the process of transportation, the alternative food networks are launched in Europe and the United States. The concept of alternative food networks is: Face to Face, Spatial Proximity, and Spatial Extended. The three concepts mentioned above describe the distance between consumer and food. The research of alternative food networks in foreign countries is based on consumer theory, organization and supply chain, and rural development. This research takes Kaohsiung as the research scope, and uses qualitative in-depth interviews for different organizations or units. To understand the development of the local industry, and the network relationship between the participants to integrate the feasibility of the development of alternative food network in Kaohsiung's local agriculture. The study discovers three points. Firstly, the natural environmental factors in various areas of Kaohsiung form a unique product in the land, which is inlaid by farmers, distributor, local organizations, and the public network. It is an important place for the agricultural industry in Kaohsiung City. Secondly, the support of the public sector plays an extremely important role in the localization of crops in Kaohsiung City. The public sector mediation of various channels not only promotes the face-to-face direct marketing market, but also positively promotes the value of crops in Kaohsiung City and changes the farmers and distributors. Relationships, as well as providing farmers with diverse development opportunities. Finally, local organizations and small farmers combine local resources to upgrade agricultural products and form alliances with other industries to create multiple livelihood developments.

碩士
國立暨南國際大學
東南亞研究所
98
ABSTRACT The development of tourism has a multi-dimensional impact upon the economy, society and traditional culture of indigenous communities. Dalat is a famous tourist destination in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. It is renowned for its cool climate, scenic beauty and the traditional culture of the indigenous Lach people. Faced with profound challenges to their traditional culture, the Lach community has demonstrated how cultural tourism can be constructively employed to adapt their traditional culture to a new social, agricultural and economic environment. The interactive relationship between tourism and local culture mutually affects and influences each other. In the case study of Lach village in Dalat, this relationship leads to the emergence of a local factor, the goong cing bandleaders. With their service in tourism industry, these bandleaders are playing role as cultural brokers who help connect tourists with local community. Their contribution to the local culture and tourism will be explored in this research study through the professionalizing process of a local cultural tradition – the goong cing performance. Research on the cultural values of this local ethnic minority group will also focus on examining the impacts of tourism and the adaptation of goong cing performance to the development of cultural tourism.

碩士
國立臺北大學
公共行政暨政策學系碩士在職專班
96
This study explores the gorvernance problems of Huashan Cultural Creative Industrial Park base on different governance periods, and discuss how to reposition with a view of location governance. Furthermore, government department, enterprise organization, art field, and non-profit organization (NPO), each of them has different main purpose. How to integrate individuals, establish common target by location governance and function corporate and make park more efficient is our concern. We introduce literature analysis method and interview to investigate our study purpose. We visited central government, local government, enterprise organization, NGO and community organization that have been operated Huashan Park to compare public department with personal department and explore the differences. The framework is separated into three parts : the first is background, motivation, purpose of research ; the second, illustrate the role of creative culture park in culture creative industry by foreign successful park experience. Furthermore, describe the history of Huashan Park through interviewing Council for Cultural Affairs, Department of Urban Development Taipei City Government, enterprise organizations, NPO and community council organization that have been operated Huashan Park up to now. Finally, according to literature theory and our investigated results, we make a conclusion and give some suggestions for further references.

碩士
大葉大學
設計暨藝術學院碩士在職專班
101
Around the 1990s, as the open liberalization of domestic market and the impact of Mainland China’s labor market, the bamboo industrial factories started to move out. At the same time, a Taiwan only-survived professional bamboo factory, now called Chutung Grand Bamboo Curtain Cultural Museum, underwent two transformation and changed into a industrial local cultural museum. As a result, the purpose of this study tried to comprehend the recent operational states of Chutung Grand Bamboo Curtain Cultural Museum, seeking the cultural assets of the bamboo industry itself, then brainstorming the creative outlet from the industrial and cultural points of view. The study applied the qualitative case study and literature analysis, collecting related documents and references from local development industry to local cultural industries and economical demands, then analyzing its operational model and strategies. Besides, the comprehensive survey with group interviews of scholars, local councilors, authorities, local historians, volunteers, local citizens and tourists was also included. In base of the data above, the researcher has offered a diagrammatic frame for Chutung Grand Bamboo Curtain Cultural Museum both by SWOT Analysis and TOWS Matrix Analysis method. To sum up the above study method, the study drew up the following operational strategy programming for Chutung Grand Bamboo Curtain Cultural Museum: A. Short-term strategy programming: as the result that there are no governmental financial subsidy, the main goal for a private industry cultural museum is to live on. Thus, its short-term target may focus on the products development and tourism. B. Long-term strategy programming: the cultural value of the industrial cultural museum should be highlighted and the community consensus as well as the cultural relics must be accumulated; as to fulfill the goal of ”General Construction of Community.” In addition to providing the important reference for the future development of Chutung Grand Bamboo Curtain Cultural Museum, the analytic process and method of the strategic programming used in this study will also have methodological value for other local cultural museum researchers in Taiwan with a possible solution to lift up local cultural museums’ competition capacity and as a reference for policy decision-makers, in order to attend the goal of sustainable management. Key Word：local cultural museums, Chutung Grand Bamboo Curtain Cultural Museum, strategy programming

碩士
元智大學
社會暨政策科學學系
101
For people have lived under much stress recent years, we can sometimes hear of some cases about overtime work and karoshi in the society. Since the policy of weekend days carried out in 2001 in Taiwan, “taking a rest helps going further” has gradually been built in people’s mind. The demand for tourism goes diversified to help people regulate their busy work and relax their mind as well. As a consequence, each local government expects to attract tourists by its local specials to promote local development and create job opportunities. Nei-wan has not only rich nature resources but also conventional history culture. It turned prosperity to recession because of the changing policy in earlier times; however, the promotion of culture tourism made it revive. With the point of view, I make Nei-wan as my research topic. And the purpose of this research is as the following: (1) to explore how culture tourism progresses local development (2) to find how culture tourism affects a place (3) to provide suggestion for future development in Nei-wan. With the record reference and deep visit and conversation, we built a preliminary construction of development and analyze the influence caused by culture tourism. The study shows as the following: (1) the plan will benefit the whole development (2) the promotion of the plan and its development is related (3) the key to success in local development is about the image of local feature and how to sale the festivals. Finally, the following is the suggestion for future development in Nei-wan: (1) to face the problem that the over-commercialized took away local feature (2) to control the quantity of tourists will maintain the tourism quality (3) it combines ecological resources and feature of humanity (4) to sale the feature before location distinction (5) to aim at ecological concept and achieve sustainable development.

Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the subject Isizulu Namagugu at the University of Zululand, 2002.
This study comes from the direction of investigating and arriving at an option that can be looked as an alternative for the economic development of the area of e’Ndondakusuka. Different researches have been conducted in the area since the introduction of RDP policy. The then Mandeni, was seen as having social and economic depression, and investigations were conducted in order to look at the v part of it. The area's council started to initiate discussions that resulted to workshops, workshops that led to implementation strategies being recommended for the area. Cultural and Historical tourism was seen as one of the ways to explore in order to provide solutions to the declining social and economic facets of the area. This study, therefore has established its route and baseline measure along the lines of the above but highlighting the Anglo-Zulu War as means to an end. The route starts by outlining e'Ndondakusuka sub-cluster of historical sites the Kraal / umuzi, the Cultural centre and a Conference centre as core facilities on the same site and ends at Ulundi. The reason for it to end there is that the significance of these wars was based on the British soldiers following Cetshwayo to Ulundi. The road R66, which starts from R102 around Gingindlovu, passing through Eshowe, Melmoth and joined by Ulundi road, is the baseline of the Anglo-Zulu War route. Options in terms of how the route could be made to attract crafters in order for them to find markets, have been emphasized. Options in terms of how inland tourism could be made to interchange with the coastal tourism, have been made mention of. Because the route is mainly grounded around and on Anglo-Zulu War significance, it is therefore seen as of both national and international attraction

博士
中國文化大學
建築及都市計畫研究所
97
Local cultural industry differs from manufacturing industry in its historical memory and local characteristics. Local cultural industry depends upon local geographical, environmental, and political production factors. The competitive advantage of local cultural industry lies in its local characteristics, which are unique and irreplaceable. The economic value of a local cultural industry is derived from its unique local characteristics. These differentiate the product from generic merchandise in a global market. Consequently local cultural industry is a sustainable industry. This paper examines the regionalization of innovation policy from the bottom-up. It looks at the linkage between regional innovation systems and traditional industry clusters. It looks at how innovation within traditional industry transforms local cultural industries. Clusters with a synthetic (engineering-based) knowledge base meet differing regional needs. Regional innovation facilitates localized learning of an existing industrial technology. It promotes historical technological trajectories-based on sticky knowledge, in conjunction with cultural service industries. It promotes new economic activity within local cultural industries. This requires close and systematic cooperation between industry and academia within the context of science parks and incubator centers, as well as H. S. L. environmental co-development. This study examines Yingge City, in Taipei County. It discovers that: (1) The economy, culture and local character are essential to the transformation of traditional industry into local cultural industries. (2) Government policy is the engine for the transformation of traditional industry into local cultural industries. (3) Innovation with traditional industry is the key to the transformation of local cultural industries. Traditional industry is subject to the influences of both a globalized market and a localized industrial structure undergoing transformation. This research proposes “A Model for Symbiosis Innovation within Yingge’s Traditional Industry: Transforming Local Cultural industries.” To transform traditional industry it recommends establishing a uniquely competitive local cultural industry learning district. This study recommends connecting Taiwan’s cultural industries to the globalized world via nodes. Its goal is sustainable development for Taiwan’s local cultural industries.

This dissertation focuses on possible ways of creating employment for local people through cultural tourism. One of the major problems experienced in KwaZulu-Natal is the high rate of unemployment. The dissertation focuses on the potential of cultural tourism as both a drawcard for visitors to South Africa as well as a means to alleviate poverty in the province. Since the concept of cultural tourism is fairly new to South Africa, the various concepts linked to the topic are outlined and defined at the outset before an hypothesis is stated. The dissertation investigates the successes generated by cultural tourism in other developing parts of the world before attempting to apply it to case studies in the Durban area. This allows for comparisons and makes one attentive to lessons to be learned when developing cultural tourism attractions in Durban. The advantages and disadvantages of the external case studies are outlined and recommendations for the development of local case studies are discussed. Each of the Durban case studies is introduced and a detailed analyses of its potential for cultural tourism is provided. Part of the contribution towards the potential that these case studies have for cultural tourism development is the fact that South Africa has a strong political history. It was therefore apt to include an account of SA’s political progress in the study. The dissertation then proceeds onto discussing findings after interviews with relevant parties aligned to the chosen case studies were conducted. This allowed for suggestions and recommendations on how to proceed towards achieving well developed community driven, cultural tourism projects.
Dissertation (MHCS)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Historical and Heritage Studies
unrestricted

碩士
國立花蓮教育大學
視覺藝術教育研究所
96
This research launches the investigation from the train of thought of historical development of the gentle kind of local cultural centers of Penghu, attempting to understand in depth that influences the historical background of the gentle kind of local cultural centers of the skill of Penghu and the development of the present situation to set up the suggestion of the gentle kind of local future development plans of cultural center of the skill of Penghu and to provide Penghu the local literary arts association, the community inhabitant and the government department to develop the place culture business the concrete basis. Taking the four local cultural museum as the research objects to study, including Erkan Clan Preserve , Erdai Art Hall, Prefectural Mansion of Penghu County. The research contents are discussed from the cultural policy establishment background of the gentle kind of local cultural centers of four local cultural museum, analyzing the overall building and local policy goal of cultural center of the community, and probe into the development present situation of the gentle kind of local cultural centers of four local cultural museum through the questionnaire and interview material to understand the problem in face of local cultural center of different development orientations. Finally, from the four artist local cultural museum to conclude two major operation orientations, including the local cultural center of local cultural center and central leading orientation of community's orientation The former includes Penghu Temple of the Queen of Heaven and Erkan Clan Preserve, which have the emergent problem to establish the local culture development of talent cultivation to solve the problem of insufficient talents of local cultural museum. The latter includes Prefectural Mansion of Penghu County and Erdai Art Hall, which have to enhance the local participation, and the side of local cultural museum needs to enter into the community to participate in the community activity positively, and the relevant activity contents of house are combined with resident's life closely, develop the foundation continuously forever as the local cultural center.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
新聞研究所
106
This research examines how the construction of the collective memory of Baiming Cultural Festival (Baiming Carnival) in Matsu shapes the Matsu image and impacts on the development of cultural identity. Baiming Cultural Festival can be seen as a process for Matsu to construct the "collective memory"; Through cooperating with media, involving Festival customs and integrating Lantern festival traditions on the Matsu island chain, the local communities manage to unite a cultural image of "Baiming in Matsu." 　It''s shown in the study that the tourism development opens a door for others to contact Matsu culture; Moreover, it brings influences on how people in Matsu distinguish and adjust themselves to differences in the "cultural integration," and becoming aware of the distinction of their own culture. With a rise in cultural involvement, cultural belongings for younger generation are reinforced and extended—from an identity based on temple customs toward an identity shared through Baiming culture; thus, this forms a sense of self-identity and belongings collectively. Under the strategy of "Matsu culture as a whole," Matsu identity breaks through the existent barriers based on temples and furthermore reconstructs collective cultural identity across the region. 　Through an examination on Baiming Cultural Festival, this research elaborates how Matsu "appropriates" perspectives from others to establish its own cultural subjectivity, and that helps Matsu to build up new tourism approaches in facing culture commercialization and cultural mixing crisis. In response to challenges such as population loss and cultural discontinuity, the construction of Baiming as a collective memory has become a tool for Matsu to revive, promote and continue its distinct culture, meanwhile redefining the collective identity of Matsu.

碩士
朝陽科技大學
建築系建築及都市設計碩士班
101
The frontline island, it has always been the first impression of Kinmen. As the time passed by, Kinmen had transformed into a tourism island from a frontline battle field island by its unique rich cultural and natural tourism resource. The rare battle field culture, well preserved Minnan architecture, well known wine industrial, and special geographical landscape had made Kinmne an irreplaceable property with the vital advantage for future development. International Integrated Resort (IIR) is the most potential development for integrated tourism leisure. Relative literatures reveal that IIR must coordinate with local tourism resource to gain the benefits. “International tourism and leisure island” is Kinmen’s future development orientation. Cultural tourism will become the key of tourisim development of Kinmne. How to coordinate Kinmen’s unique culture and IIR is the most imperative task for the government. Through the literature analysis, this research categorized out 8 tourism attractive sights such as: Overseas Chinese culture, Mimnan culture, local specialty industries, historical monuments, battlefield landscape, humanities settlement, migratory bird ecology, and natural landscape. Utilizing the AHP analysis system to evaluate Kinmen’s tourism factor value, trough out FDM consulting Kinmen’s IIR to its local culture tourism factors, this research concluded that: I. Culture Landscape is the valuable aspect of cultural tourism in Kinmen, includes cultural settlement, battlefield landscape, and historical monuments. II. The development of International Integrated Resort, is effecting the local industrial economy, living environment, and characteristic of landscape. III. The influence of International Integrated Resort on Cultural Tourism Factor is reach 70% in Kinmen. IV. The development of International Integrated Resort needs forward to concept of sustainable tourism based on cultural tourism and proceed with multi-angle, multi-perspective long-term vision.

碩士
淡江大學
歐洲研究所碩士班
93
The “ cultural industry” of the present age has had enormous qualitative changes from the criticism that was mentioned by Frankfurt School in 1940s. The cultural industry used to focus on the industrial process of producing the mass cultural merchandise, but now it’s a new industrial system which full of environmental and local cultural consideration. The new cultural industry may have lots of effects on economy, society, esthetics, and our daily life. When each city devote in making their cultural planning, organizing art festivals is the most common way. By analyzing the four examples of France, the successful festivals always own a clear theme, a permanent organization and the proper helps of the government. Besides, they all have a strong linkage with the local spirit and though. Furthermore, these festivals aren’t just the area to delivering and consuming the culture; they also influence the different sector of the cultural industry domain, such as historic monuments, cultural tourism, and residents’ condensability. Finally, with long-terms operation and cross-domain cooperation, festivals still can have huge and permanent effects in developing local cultural industry.

碩士
國立臺灣藝術大學
藝術管理與文化政策研究所
106
This study uses qualitative research methods, its qualitative research strategy, based on the current development of Taiwan local art festivals, and uses semi-structured interviews and multiple case studies. Select a number of local art festivals in China, such as the Tua-Tiu-Tiann International Festival of Arts, the Taoyuan Art Festival, and the Lukang Arts Festival. As the main reference case, it also examine other small-scale art festivals, integrate multiple actual cases related to this research, and examine the process of implementing and planning the festival. The study interviewed 11 research participants, collected relevant practical experience and materials, analyzed cultural experience strategies suitable for Taiwan local art festivals, and proposed cultural experience strategies and recommendations. Based on the literature of festivals and cultural experiences, this study summarizes the main definitions. “Festivals” are regarded as special cultural events or social collective activities that occur in public. The community and organizations must plan ahead, and the festival contains diverse themes and meanings. It also has an influence on specific things or specific ethnic groups; and "Cultural Experience" is a practice in which culture begins in daily life. Through the process of festivals and diversified special events, the experience can be generated from the culture, and it can be specially designed and Serving culture, and thus creating a unique atmosphere and meaning, as well as subjective psychological changes in the feelings. So far, due to the current situation of Taiwan's local art festivals, the government believes that the government should have appropriate policies to preserve the basic rights of local cultural development. And the appropriate provision of government resources is also given to the relevant units that implement local art festivals and plays a supporting role. On the whole, all walks of life hold a positive attitude towards local art festivals. They believe that it is still one of the elements of the future revitalization of the place. It is also a place for sustainable local culture. It is a goal to achieve stable growth and cross-domain cooperation. It also creates more opportunities for cooperation. This study summarizes the research conclusions and proposes the cultural experience strategy as follows: 1. Establish an evaluation mechanism for local art festivals; 2. Continue local community training and cultural practice; 3. Design phased cultural experience activities. The research proposals are as follows: 1. Cross-border cooperation between government units, enterprises and non-governmental organizations; 2. Training for professional talents; 3. Long-term local cultural observation and academic research.