Relevant bibliographies by topics / Local Conductivity Probe

Academic literature on the topic 'Local Conductivity Probe'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Local Conductivity Probe"

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HASEGAWA, SHUJI, ICHIRO SHIRAKI, FUHITO TANABE, REI HOBARA, TAIZO KANAGAWA, TAKEHIRO TANIKAWA, IWAO MATSUDA, et al. "ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION THROUGH SURFACE SUPERSTRUCTURES MEASURED BY MICROSCOPIC FOUR-POINT PROBES." Surface Review and Letters 10, no. 06 (December 2003): 963–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x03005736.

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For in-situ measurements of the local electrical conductivity of well-defined crystal surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum, we have developed two kinds of microscopic four-point probe methods. One involves a "four-tip STM prober," in which four independently driven tips of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) are used for measurements of four-point probe conductivity. The probe spacing can be changed from 500 nm to 1 mm. The other method involves monolithic micro-four-point probes, fabricated on silicon chips, whose probe spacing is fixed around several μm. These probes are installed in scanning-electron-microscopy/electron-diffraction chambers, in which the structures of sample surfaces and probe positions are observed in situ. The probes can be positioned precisely on aimed areas on the sample with the aid of piezoactuators. By the use of these machines, the surface sensitivity in conductivity measurements has been greatly enhanced compared with the macroscopic four-point probe method. Then the conduction through the topmost atomic layers (surface-state conductivity) and the influence of atomic steps on conductivity can be directly measured.
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Kalinin, Sergei. "Measuring Conductivity With Scanning Probe Microscopes." Microscopy Today 10, no. 2 (March 2002): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500057837.

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There are two kinds of conductivity measurements possible with scanning probe microscopy (SPM). In the first case, the specific resistance of material directly below the tip is probed. In the second case, SPM probes local potential induced by the lateral current applied through macroscopic contacts, thus providing the information on the mesoscopic transport properties of the sample.The first set of techniques is invariably based on measuring tip-surface current in contact or intermittent tapping mode. If the tip-surface contact resistance is small (good contact), the current will be limited by the spreading resistance of the sample from which specific resistance can be calculated, assuming that the contact area is known.
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JU, BING-FENG, YANG JU, and MASUMI SAKA. "NOVEL AFM PROBE FOR LOCAL CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT." International Journal of Nanoscience 05, no. 04n05 (August 2006): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x06004565.

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A new atomic force microscope (AFM) probe for local conductivity measurement is presented. This silicon nitride based probe with a V-shaped two-dimensional sliced structure tip is patterned by using conventional photolithography method. The probe is then etched to four parallel electrodes that isolated from each other, for the purpose of performing current input and electrical potential drop measurement. The newly developed four-point AFM probe not only inherits the function of AFM surface topography generating but also has the capability of characterizing the local conductivity simultaneously. The nanoresolution position control mechanism of AFM allows the probe scanning across micrometers sized area and creating high spatial resolution map of the in-plane conductivities. Experiments have shown this four-point AFM probe to be mechanically flexible and robust. The repeatable conductivity measurements on the surface of aluminum and indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films indicate this four-point AFM probe technique has potential applications for characterizing devices and materials in microscale.
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SHIRAKI, ICHIRO, TADAAKI NAGAO, SHUJI HASEGAWA, CHRISTIAN L. PETERSEN, PETER BØGGILD, TORBEN M. HANSEN, and FRANÇOIS HANSEN. "MICRO-FOUR-POINT PROBES IN A UHV SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE FOR IN-SITU SURFACE-CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS." Surface Review and Letters 07, no. 05n06 (October 2000): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x00000592.

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For in-situ measurements of surface conductivity in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), we have installed micro-four-point probes (probe spacings down to 4 μm) in a UHV scanning electron microscope (SEM) combined with scanning reflection–high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). With the aid of piezoactuators for precise positioning of the probes, local conductivity of selected surface domains of well-defined superstructures could be measured during SEM and RHEED observations. It was found that the surface sensitivity of the conductivity measurements was enhanced by reducing the probe spacing, enabling the unambiguous detection of surface-state conductivity and the influence of surface defects on the electrical conduction.
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García Cantú, Rigoberto. "Scanning tunneling microscope as a probe for local conductivity." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 9, no. 2 (March 1991): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.585528.

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Bordusau, S., S. Madveika, and A. Dostanko. "Investigation of Microwave Energy Distribution Character in a Resonator Type Plasmatron." PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY 3, no. 3 (February 14, 2016): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ppt.2016.3.122.

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An investigation of microwave energy distribution character in a plasma of microwave discharge inside a plasmatron based on a rectangular resonator has been carried out. The experiments were done applying the "active probe" method. Microwave discharge was excited in the air and oxygen. It has been found out that the readings of the "active probe" along the discharge chamber are of periodic character. The readings of the "active probe" and data on the local electric conductivity of plasma obtained using electrical probes have been compared.
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Barnett, C. J., O. Kryvchenkova, L. S. J. Wilson, T. G. G. Maffeis, K. Kalna, and R. J. Cobley. "The role of probe oxide in local surface conductivity measurements." Journal of Applied Physics 117, no. 17 (May 7, 2015): 174306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4919662.

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Nasr-El-Din, H., C. A. Shook, and J. Colwell. "A conductivity probe for measuring local concentrations in slurry systems." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 13, no. 3 (May 1987): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9322(87)90055-3.

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Lee, Jong Sub, Gye Chun Cho, and Eun Soo Hong. "High Resolution Electrical Resistance Profiling of Laboratory Soil Specimens." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 1399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.1399.

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An electrical needle-size probe is developed to effectively assess one-dimensional spatial variability of laboratory soil specimens in high resolution. A calibration procedure is also presented to determine resistance from the measured complex impedance. The capability of the developed electrical needle probes to resolve interfaces and spatial variability is explored using sand specimens prepared by various conditions. The complex impedance is measured 0.2~0.5 mm for every specimen. Results show that the coefficient of variation increases as the size of the probe reaches the size of the particle while a very large ratio of probe size to grain size would decrease the detectability of local soil variations due to averaging effects and smoothening. The attainable spatial resolution depends on the needle diameter: submillimetric resolution is typically achieved in laboratory applications and it can be scaled for field applications. The local electrical parameters permit one to infer the soil porosity and the electrolyte conductivity.
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Fujimoto, A., L. Zhang, A. Hosoi, and Y. Ju. "Structure modification of M-AFM probe for the measurement of local conductivity." Microsystem Technologies 17, no. 4 (December 9, 2010): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-010-1175-9.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Local Conductivity Probe"

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Ju, Yang, Atsushi Hosoi, Lan Zhang, and Akifumi Fujimoto. "Structure Modification of M-AFM Probe for the Measurement of Local Conductivity." IEEE, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14489.

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Book chapters on the topic "Local Conductivity Probe"

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Kulik, A., C. Wüthrich, G. Gremaud, and G. A. D. Briggs. "Simultaneous AFM and Local Conductivity Imaging." In Forces in Scanning Probe Methods, 119–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0049-6_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Local Conductivity Probe"

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Yi, Ming, Hrishikesh V. Panchawagh, Roop L. Mahajan, Zhengjun Liu, and S. Nahum Goldberg. "Micromachined Electrical Conductivity Probe for RF Ablation of Tumors." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82064.

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RF ablation is an important technique in cancer treatment. It has been proposed that the effective area treated via RF ablation can be increased by increasing the local electrical conductivity. This is achieved by injection of NaCl solution into the tissue. For an accurate and effective RF ablation treatment using this new method, it is necessary to measure the local electrical conductivity, which varies spatially due to diffusion of sodium chloride. In this paper, we propose a micro probe to measure the local tissue electrical conductivity. The probe consists of two in-plane miniature electrodes separated by a small gap. When the electrodes are in contact with the tissue, the electrical resistance across them can be used to calculate the electrical conductivity. The probe is fabricated by standard photolithography techniques. The substrate material is polyimide and the electrodes are made of gold. A four-electrode probe is used to calibrate the new electrical conductivity micro probe using different concentrations of saline water. The resistance measurements are carried out using an impedance analyzer on different frequencies. The frequency of choice for RF ablation of tumors is 500k Hz and is the one selected for calibration and testing. The micro-probe calibration is then verified by measuring electrical conductivity of a phantom and comparing it with the result measured by the four-electrode probe. Finally, some in vivo tests are performed and the results are compared with literate data.
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Hardy, Emilee, Derek Clement, John Vogel, Dean Wheeler, and Brian Mazzeo. "Flexible probe for measuring local conductivity variations in Li-ion electrode films." In 44TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLUME 37. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5031536.

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Ju, Bing-Feng, Yang Ju, and Masumi Saka. "Development of a New Microscopic Four-Point AFM Probe for the Measurement of Local Electrical Conductivity." In ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems collocated with the ASME 2005 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2005-73433.

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A microscopic four-point atomic force microscope (AFM) probe with concomitant experimental technique for local conductivity measurement is presented. A silicon nitride based AFM contact-mode probe with a V-shaped tip, which patterned by using the conventional photolithography method, is selected. The probe is then etched to four parallel isolated electrodes for the purpose of performing current input and electrical potential drop measurement. The new probe not only inherits the function of surface topography generating but also has the capability of characterizing the local conductivity simultaneously. The nanoresolution position control mechanism of AFM allows the probe scanning across micrometers sized area and creating high spatial resolution map of the in-plane conductivities. Experiments have shown the microscopic four-point probe to be mechanically flexible and robust. The repeatable conductivity measurements on the surface of aluminum and indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films indicate the technique has potential application for characterizing the devices and materials in microscale.
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Kashinsky, O. N., P. D. Lobanov, A. S. Kurdyumov, N. A. Pribaturin, and S. E. Volkov. "Local Void Fraction in Triangular Arranged Rod Bundle." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54453.

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An experimental study of gas-liquid flow in a vertical bundle of 37 rods in a triangular arrangement was performed. An interaction of gas phase with a spacing grid was considered. Gas was injected through a 1.2 mm capillary tube inserted into one of the sub channels of the central rod. Void fraction measurements were performed by a conductivity probe mounted on the central rod Measurements were performed in the flow region just downstream the spacing grid. The processing of the conductivity probe records allowed to obtain three-dimensional distribution of the gas phase around the central rod of the bundle. Measurements performed demonstrated a non-uniform distribution of the gas phase over the circumference of the central rod in the region close to the grid. The data obtained allow to estimate the rate of gas transfer between the sub channels.
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Goda, Hiroshi, Seungjin Kim, Sidharth S. Paranjape, Joshua P. Finch, Mamoru Ishii, and Jennifer Uhle. "Local Interfacial Structure in Downward Two-Phase Bubbly Flow." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22101.

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The local interfacial structure for vertical air-water co-current downward two-phase flow was investigated under adiabatic conditions. A multi-sensor conductivity probe was utilized in order to acquire the local two-phase flow parameters. The present experimental loop consisted of 25.4 mm and 50.8 mm ID round tubes as test sections. The measurement was performed at three axial locations: L/D = 13, 68 and 133 for the 25.4 mm ID loop and L/D = 7, 34, 67 for the 50.8 mm ID loop, in order to study the axial development of the flow. A total of 7 and 10 local measurement points along the tube radius were chosen for the 25.4 mm ID loop and the 50.8 mm ID loop, respectively. The experimental flow conditions were determined within bubbly flow regime. The acquired local parameters included the void fraction, interfacial area concentration, bubble interface frequency, bubble Sauter mean diameter, and interfacial velocity.
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Gottmann, Matthias, Tomomi Oishi, K. R. Sridhar, and Ranganathan Kumar. "Interface Shape and Wave Velocities of Air-Water Flows in a Vertical Duct." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0753.

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Abstract This paper describes the experimental investigation of an upward annular air-water flow in a duct with a 6.35 mm by 63.5 mm rectangular cross section. The test section was instrumented to study the shape of the interface and the interfacial wave velocity. Flush-wire electrical conductivity probes were used to obtain local film thickness measurement with a spatial resolution of 200 μm or better and a temporal resolution greater than 2 kHz. The probe design and a statistical calibration method are discussed. Two flush-wire probes which allow the determination of wave propagation velocities have been implemented. Pressure drop in the channel was measured to provide a measure of averaged momentum transfer in the channel. A simple model for the prediction of interfacial wave velocities is presented, and it matches the data favorably.
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Lee, Tae-Ho, Byong-Jo Yun, Goon-Cherl Park, Takashi Hibiki, and Seong-O. Kim. "Local Flow Structure of Subcooled Boiling Flow of Water in a Heated Annulus." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48170.

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Local measurements of flow parameters were performed for vertical upward subcooled boiling flows in an internally heated annulus. The annulus channel consisted of an inner heater rod with a diameter of 19.0 mm and an outer round tube with an inner diameter of 37.5 mm, and the hydraulic equivalent diameter was 18.5 mm. The double-sensor conductivity probe method was used for measuring the local void fraction, interfacial area concentration, bubble Sauter mean diameter and gas velocity, whereas the miniature Pitot tube was used for measuring the local liquid velocity. A total of 32 data sets were acquired consisting of various combinations of heat flux, 88.1–350.9 kW/m2, mass flux, 469.7–1061.4 kg/(m2s) and inlet liquid temperature, 83.8–100.5 °C. Six existing drift-flux models and six existing correlations of the interfacial area concentration were evaluated by the data obtained in the experiment.
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Kim, Seungjin, Jung Han Park, Gunol Kojasoy, and Joseph M. Kelly. "Local Interfacial Structures in Horizontal Bubbly Flow with 90-Degree Bend." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89221.

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Present study investigates the geometric effects of flow obstruction on the distribution of local two-phase flow parameters and their transport characteristics in horizontal two-phase flow. The round glass tubes of 50.3mm in inner diameter are employed as test sections, along which a 90-degee elbow is located at L/D = 206.6 from the two-phase mixture inlet. In total, 15 different flow conditions are examined within the air-water bubbly flow regime. The detailed local two-phase flow parameters are acquired by the double-sensor conductivity probe at four different axial locations. The effect of elbow is found to be evident in both the distribution of local parameters and their development. The elbow clearly promotes bubble interactions resulting in significant changes in interfacial area concentration. It is also found that the elbow-effect propagates to be more significant further downstream (L/D = 250) than immediate downstream (L/D = 225) of the elbow. Furthermore, it is shown that the elbow induces significant oscillations in the flow in both vertical and horizontal directions of the tube cross-section. Characteristic geometric effects due to the existence of elbow are also shown clearly on the axial development of one-dimensional interfacial area concentration and void fraction.
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Doup, Benjamin, Xinquan Zhou, and Xiaodong Sun. "Local Axial Relative Velocity Measurements in Bubbly, Cap-Bubbly, and Slug Flows." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66581.

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The local axial relative velocity between the gas and liquid phases in vertical air-water two-phase bubbly, cap-bubbly, and slug flows is investigated at axial measurement locations of z/D = 10 and 32. These measurements are performed in an acrylic vertical pipe with an inner diameter of 50 mm and a height of 3.2 m. The local gas-phase velocity and void fraction measurements are performed using a four-sensor conductivity probe at 14 radial locations. The void fraction profiles are presented to show the flow structure and are used along with visual observation to classify the flow regimes. The liquid-phase velocity measurements are performed using a particle image velocimetry (PIV) system. To separate the liquid-phase information from that of the gas phase an optical phase separation method that uses fluorescent particles and an optical filtration technique is adopted. To remove other noises, such as bubble residuals, background noise, and optically distorted particles from the images that are not removed using the optical phase separation method, an image pre-processing scheme is applied to the raw PIV images. The local axial relative velocity obtained from these local gas- and liquid-phase measurements are important for modeling the momentum transfer between the two phases.
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Gamwo, Isaac K., Yee Soong, and John S. Halow. "A Three-Phase Hydrodynamic Model for Slurry Reactors." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1989.

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Abstract A predictive three-phase hydrodynamic model for slurry-bubble column reactors has been developed from the point of view of kinetic theory of granular flow (Gidaspow, 1994a). The model is based on first principles method and can provide a complete description of the flow field. To experimentally validate the code, local gas holdups have been measured at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) by inserting a dual conductivity probe horizontally into the reactor at various locations. Predicted gas holdups are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results in the bulk region of the reactor.
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