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Journal articles on the topic 'Local cars'
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Royer, Anne M., and Elizabeth H. Schultheis. "Evolving Better Cars." American Biology Teacher 76, no. 4 (2014): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2014.76.4.8.
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Evolutionary experiments are usually difficult to perform in the classroom because of the large sizes and long timescales of experiments testing evolutionary hypotheses. Computer applications give students a window to observe evolution in action, allowing them to gain comfort with the process of natural selection and facilitating inquiry experimentation. The lesson described here uses a free online program, BoxCar2D, to demonstrate evolution by natural selection in a virtual population of cars. Students will be introduced to the principles of evolution and conduct independent inquiry projects on key predictions from evolution – including convergence, local adaptation, and the role of mutation in adaptation.
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Crawford, Mark. "Cars Without Combustion." Mechanical Engineering 135, no. 09 (2013): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2013-sep-2.
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This article discusses the use of fuel cell-powered vehicles that aim to change the face of transportation. These fuel cell-powered vehicles are expected to have a significant impact on reducing both the emissions implicated in global climate change and those that cause local smog. Fuel cells electrochemically oxidize a fuel without burning, thereby avoiding the inefficiencies and pollution associated with the traditional combustion technologies. The U.S. Department of Energy is working with researchers at the University of Waterloo in Ontario and elsewhere to develop non-precious materials to replace the platinum catalysts in fuel cells. European scientists have developed a material for converting hydrogen and oxygen to water that uses only 10% of the amount of platinum that is normally required. The researchers discovered that the efficiency of the nanometer-sized catalyst particles is greatly influenced by their geometric shape and atomic structure. Mechanical engineers play a crucial role in the development of both fuel cell and hydrogen production technologies.
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Levytskyi, I. Ye, and R. H. Korobova. "IMPROVING LOCAL PROCESSING TRAFFIC VOLUMES IN RAILWAY JUNCTIONS." Science and Transport Progress, no. 23 (August 25, 2008): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2008/15003.
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The analysis of tendencies of development of railway junctions is performed. The method of optimization of distributing the sorting work between sorting and freight stations with the domestic cars in the railway junctions is presented.
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Iftikhar, Ahmed Butt, and Faran Iftikhar. "FACTORS INFLUENCING THE LIKENESS OF IMPORTED AND LOCAL CARS." Theoretical & Applied Science 47, no. 03 (2017): 143–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2017.03.47.25.
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Cao, Bin, Hongbin Ma, and Ying Jin. "Local Mixer with Prior Position for Cars’ Type Recognition." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 26, no. 6 (2022): 922–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2022.p0922.
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Deep learning has attracted attention widely as the successful application of deep learning for vision tasks, such as image classification, object detection and so on. Due to the robustness and universality of deep learning, automotive manufacturing, a crucial part of national economy, needs deep learning to make production lines more intelligent and improve efficiency. However, some superior generally deep learning models, such as ViT, TNT, and Swin transformer, cannot meet automotive manufacturing requirements with high accuracy on a specific scene. As for automotive production lines, engineers usually adopt some smart designs, which can provide prior knowledge for designing deep learning models. Specifically, in an image, the position of target is usually fixed. Therefore, in order to take advantage of prior position, this paper designs a local mixer with prior position to capture local feature. Its main idea is that dividing the whole feature map into window feature maps and connecting window feature maps along channel dimension in order to make convolution kernel parameters for each window feature map are independent from others. Besides, MLP is adopted as global mixer to capture global feature and the pyramidal architecture with CNN is adopted. Comprehensive results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed model on cars’ type recognition. In particular, the proposed model achieves 97.938% accuracy on our data set, surpassing some transformer-like models.
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Grundling, Hendrik, and Karl-Hermann Neeb. "Localization via Automorphisms of the CARs: Local Gauge Invariance." Letters in Mathematical Physics 93, no. 2 (2010): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11005-010-0403-7.
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Ishikawa, Osamu. "The pathophysiology and clinical phenotypes of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-related cutaneous adverse reactions: A narrative review." Trends in Immunotherapy 8, no. 1 (2024): 3326. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/ti.v8.i1.3326.
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Cutaneous adverse reactions (CARs) after COVD-19 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines have been reported worldwide, but the pathophysiology of CARs remains to be elucidated. To understand the pathophysiology, it is essential to know how the innate and adaptive immunity are activated after vaccination. At present, majority of CARs are presumed to be evoked by innate immunity response. Reviewing the previous articles, I propose the clinical classification of CARs; local injection site reaction, generalized eruption, localized eruption and others. Since COVID-19 mutates continuously to overcome the existing vaccines, our steady efforts are indispensable to clarify the pathophysiology of CARs and contribute to the development of novel vaccines with least adverse events and high efficacy.
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Foster, Karen. "Habitat Maintenance and Local Economic Ethics in Rural Atlantic Canada." Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie 55, no. 1 (2018): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cars.12179.
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Jin A Choi. "A Study on the Fire in Charging Facilities of Electric Vehicles." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 20s (2025): 496–509. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i20s.3173.
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Recently, as environmental regulations have been strengthened, automobile manufacturers are putting all their efforts into developing eco-friendly cars, and the government is also supporting various subsidies and benefits to encourage the purchase of eco-friendly cars. Internal combustion engines are still the mainstream, but recently, with the emergence of electric cars, hybrid cars, and hydrogen fuel cell cars, consumer choices have diversified, and the performance of eco-friendly cars is no less than that of internal combustion engine cars, and the Ministry of Environment and local governments are sparing no expense in establishing systems and budgets for the construction of charging infrastructure. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the current status of electric vehicle charging facilities to prepare for the continuously increasing number of electric vehicle fire accidents and to establish response measures to prevent large-scale property damage and casualties caused by fire. This study focused on the types of fire extinguishing methods that can be applied in the event of an electric vehicle fire accident, and in particular, on the systems that should be applied first in the field.
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Kolk, Ans, and Stephen Tsang. "Co-Evolution in Relation to Small Cars and Sustainability in China." Business & Society 56, no. 4 (2016): 576–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650315584928.
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This article explores how the institutional context, including central and local governments, has co-evolved with business in relation to small cars and sustainability. This issue is very relevant for business and society in view of the environmental implications of the rapidly growing vehicle fleet in China, the economic importance attached to this pillar industry by the government, and citizen interest in owning and driving increasingly larger cars. The interactions between different levels of government, and with business (both domestic and foreign-invested) in countries with a large role for the state is a novel area of study in the business-society area and a complex one given the multitude of objectives and interests involved in industry competitiveness, economic development, energy security, and sustainability. The article shows that the central government has adopted policies to further the production and use of small cars, which it perceives as serving environmental, economic, and social goals. Concurrently, however, many local governments imposed restrictions on small cars and have, implicitly or explicitly, favored larger cars. There seems to be a clear linkage to municipal ownership of those domestic automobile companies which, via joint ventures with foreign firms, focused more on larger cars. By adopting a co-evolutionary approach focused on macro-level interactions, the case helps to shed some more light on concrete sustainability challenges, and broader government–business interactions in a highly institutionalized setting, contributing insights on issues that have remained underexposed in business and society research.
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Meyer, Tobias, Hyeonsoo Bae, Sybille Hasse, et al. "Multimodal Nonlinear Microscopy for Therapy Monitoring of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment." Micromachines 10, no. 9 (2019): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10090564.
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Here we report on a non-linear spectroscopic method for visualization of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP)-induced changes in tissue for reaching a new quality level of CAP application in medicine via online monitoring of wound or cancer treatment. A combination of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging (2P-FLIM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has been used for non-invasive and label-free detection of CAP-induced changes on human skin and mucosa samples. By correlation with histochemical staining, the observed local increase in fluorescence could be assigned to melanin. CARS and SHG prove the integrity of the tissue structure, visualize tissue morphology and composition. The influence of plasma effects by variation of plasma parameters e.g., duration of treatment, gas composition and plasma source has been evaluated. Overall quantitative spectroscopic markers could be identified for a direct monitoring of CAP-treated tissue areas, which is very important for translating CAPs into clinical routine.
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Mohan, Aditya, Steven Shen, Kelly Hotchkiss, et al. "Abstract 4006: IL12-secreting CAR-T cells eliminate the requirement for lymphodepletion and promote epitope spreading via local antigen presenting cells." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (2024): 4006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-4006.
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Abstract Introduction: EGFRvIII is a commonly studied tumor-specific antigen in glioblastoma (GBM) and poses an enticing target for immunotherapy. Its varied expression, however, complicates its effectiveness as a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell target. Given the increasing prominence of Interleukin-12 (IL12) in treating solid tumors, its synergy with EGFRvIII specific CARs in treating preclinical models of GBM is explored. Methods: To simulate tumor heterogeneity, mice were implanted with equal ratios of CT2A and CT2A EGFRvIII+ cells. We developed EGFRvIII-specific third-generation CAR T cells, both with and without IL12 using a MSGV retrovirus backbone and transduced them into murine T cells. Their antitumor effectiveness was gauged by evaluating survival rates, and their capability to enhance and modify the tumor environment was determined using single-cell sequencing. Results: Standalone EGFRvIII CARs were unsuccessful in curing mice with heterogeneous tumors. However, 60% of mice treated with EGFRvIII CARs combined with IL12 were long term survivors. IL12 secreting CARs exhibited prolonged persistence in vivo, and there was no need for prior lymphodepletion before ALT introduction. Our studies reveal that EGFRvIII CARs secreting IL12 can eliminate EGFRvIII negative tumor cells by drawing on the inherent CD8 T cell compartment. Moreover, IL12 prominently impacted microglia among all Antigen Presenting Cells in the tumor environment, amplifying antigen presentation processes and broadening epitope exposure. Conclusion: By leveraging IL12, EGFRvIII CARs can counteract antigen heterogeneity in tumors by recruiting endogenous CD8 T cells and polarizing microglia. These IL12-secreting CARs outlast their traditional counterparts without requiring lymphodepletion. Harnessing CAR-T cells that secrete IL12 represents a novel strategy for overcoming tumor heterogeneity and treating GBM in a clinical context. Citation Format: Aditya Mohan, Steven Shen, Kelly Hotchkiss, Sarah Quackenbush, John Sampson, Peter Fecci, Anoop Patel. IL12-secreting CAR-T cells eliminate the requirement for lymphodepletion and promote epitope spreading via local antigen presenting cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4006.
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Andrade, Guilherme Medeiros Soares de, Fernando Wesley Cavalcanti de Araújo, Maurício Pereira Magalhães de Novaes Santos, Silvio Jacks dos Anjos Garnés, and Fábio Santana Magnani. "Simple Methodology for the Development and Analysis of Local Driving Cycles Applied in the Study of Cars and Motorcycles in Recife, Brazil." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2675, no. 6 (2021): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198121991850.
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Standard driving cycles are usually used to compare vehicles from distinct regions, and local driving cycles reproduce more realistic conditions in specific regions. In this article, we employed a simple methodology for developing local driving cycles and subsequently performed a kinematic and energy analysis. As an application, we employed the methodology for cars and motorcycles in Recife, Brazil. The speed profile was collected using a smartphone (1 Hz) validated against a high precision global positioning system (10 Hz), presenting a mean absolute error of 3 km/h. The driving cycles were thus developed using the micro-trip method. The kinematic analysis indicated that motorcycles had a higher average speed and acceleration (32.5 km/h, 0.84 m/s2) than cars (22.6 km/h, 0.55 m/s2). As a result of the energy analysis, it was found that inertia is responsible for most of the fuel consumption for both cars (59%) and motorcycles (41%), but for motorcycles the aerodynamic drag is also relevant (36%). With regards to fuel consumption, it was found that the standard driving cycle used in Brazil (FTP-75; 2.47 MJ/km for cars and 0.84 MJ/km for motorcycles) adequately represents the driving profile for cars (2.46 MJ/km), and to a lesser extent motorcycles (0.91 MJ/km) in off-peak conditions. Finally, we evaluated the influence of the vehicle category on energy consumption, obtaining a maximum difference of 38% between a 2.0 L sports utility vehicle and a 1.0 L hatchback.
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Kozachenko, D. M., B. V. Gera, E. K. Manafov, A. V. Gorbova, and R. G. Korobyova. "Improvement of the method for standardizing the duration of rail cars shunting." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 6 (2021): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-6/158.
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Purpose. To improve the method for calculating the time standard for shunting cars from track to track in order to take into account the local operating conditions of railway stations and railway sidings. Methodology. During the research, the methods of theory of railway operation were used. The problem of calculating the time standard for shunting operation was solved as the problem of searching the optimal division of train set into the car groups to achieve minimal time consumption for shunting operation. Findings. In the course of the study, the methods for calculating the time standards for initial and final operations, as well as movements performed when shunting cars from track to track were improved. It was proved that the minimum time spent on shunting cars from track to track was achieved when the train set was divided into the minimum possible number of parts and the cars were shunted in the longest possible groups and one remaining group. It was also established that with sufficient accuracy for engineering problems the duration of shunting train set from track to track can be represented by the piecewise linear function of the car number in it. Originality. The work originality consists in improving the method for calculating the time standard for shunting cars from track to track, that, unlike the existing one, takes into account the length limitations of the car groups being shunted from track to track, as well as the actual composition of operations performed in the process of shunting. Practical value. The use of the developed method allows setting time standards for shunting cars from track to track, taking into account the local operating conditions of railway stations and sidings of industrial enterprises. The method also makes it possible to simplify solving problems of searching the optimal order of performing more complex shunting operations, such as sorting cars into several tracks, collecting cars on one track, train formation, and others.
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Bellinato, Francesco, Zeno Fratton, Giampiero Girolomoni, and Paolo Gisondi. "Cutaneous Adverse Reactions to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Vaccines 10, no. 9 (2022): 1475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091475.
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Background: An increasing number of cutaneous adverse reactions (CARs) to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been reported, but their incidence is debated. Objective: To estimate the pooled incidence of CARs to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the general adult population. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of original articles published on MEDLINE via PubMed and Web Of Science from 1 January 2020 to 18 July 2022 was undertaken. Studies reporting the incidence proportion of CARs (defined as number of new cases of CARs on the total of vaccinated people) were included. All types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were included. People receiving at least one dose were considered eligible. Local cutaneous reactions were excluded. Results: A total of 970 records were identified and screened by title and abstract; 22 observational studies were included with aggregate data on 93,165 participants. The pooled incidence of overall CARs was 5% (95%CI 4–6%; I2 = 99%; p < 0.001), ranging from <0.01 to 19.00%. Most CARs were new onset dermatitis including rash, urticaria and vascular lesions; one case of Steven–Johnson syndrome and six cases of erythema multiforme were reported. In the sensitivity analysis we found that the incidence of CARs after the first and second dose was similar, i.e., 3% (95%CI 2–3%; I2 = 96%; p < 0.001) and 3% (95%CI 2–4%; I2 = 97%; p < 0.001), respectively. The magnitude of incidence of CARs remained unchanged independently of vaccine platform and in the general population versus healthcare workers. Conclusions: CARs associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are frequent but mild and self-remitting, whereas severe CARs are rare.
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Alasady, Fatema, Ahmad Almoadhen, and Haider Alghurabi. "Global and Local Path Planning for Self-Driving Car." Kerbala Journal for Engineering Sciences 3, no. 1 (2023): 32–46. https://doi.org/10.63463/kjes1070.
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An autonomous or robotic car is commonly known as a self-driving car. This vehicle can sense its surroundings, navigate, and meet human transportation needs without any human intervention, which is a significant step forward in the advancement of future technologies. Self-driving cars use GPS, cameras, lidar, radar, and navigational paths to perceive their environment. The benefits of autonomous cars, such as increased reliability, fewer traffic collisions, increased roadway capacity, reduced traffic police, reduced traffic congestion, and care insurance, are compelling for the development of autonomous vehicles. However, issues such as software reliability, cybersecurity, liability for damage, and loss of driver-related jobs must be overcome. This study aimed to investigate local and global path planning for self-driving cars using two algorithms, namely A* and the potential field algorithm. The objective was to determine the effectiveness of each algorithm and explore how they could be combined to achieve optimal results. This article proposes a path-planning approach for a self-driving car in an environment with obstacles. The path planner is based on the strategy of using both global and local planners. The global planner is designed using the A* algorithm, which is used to generate an initial global path that provides an efficient way to guarantee the shortest path to the goal in an environment. The local planner is implemented using the potential field algorithm, which is used to adjust the path in real-time based on local obstacles and other dynamic factors. The intention of using a potential function is based on its safety, simplicity, and low computational cost. The proposed approach is evaluated in a simulated environment and shows promising results in providing an efficient way to guarantee the shortest path to the goal in an environment with obstacles. The combination of global and local planning techniques is expected to enhance the robustness and safety of autonomous vehicles in real-world scenarios
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Ftatsi, Mbetmi Guy-de-patience, Tatsadjieu Yannick Ngandjon, and Chekam François Juvenaul Tamo. "Design and Construction from Local Materials of an Aluminum Recycling Foundry." Engineering and Technology Journal 9, no. 08 (2024): 4907–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13379081.
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In the low-carbon global aluminum cycle actual perspective, the need of remelting aluminum is in constant increase. The objective of this work was to build a portable aluminum foundry based on local materials. This foundry can be used to make small spare parts in complete safety and/or as practical melting equipment. The foundry is made up of a butane combustion Furnace and various tools for handling molten aluminum. The Furnace was manufactured by recycling a defective gas cylinder. After removing the top of the bottle, we lined the inside with a layer of local clay which serves as a 5-centimeter thermal insulator. The crucible was made by recycling a waste hermetic compressor, and the tools by recycling scrap metal. The tests carried out allowed to melt used cans and other parts of motorbikes and cars defective in aluminum. Liquid aluminum was cast to obtain cylindrical and prismatic blanks for machining, as well as other small mechanical parts. The cost of carrying out the project has been estimated at nearly 150,000 XAF.
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Jokimäki, Jukka, and Anna Ramos-Chernenko. "Innovative Foraging Behavior of Urban Birds: Use of Insect Food Provided by Cars." Birds 5, no. 3 (2024): 469–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/birds5030032.
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Despite high-quality insect food being often restricted in cities, insects are important for the development of birds. Nonetheless, plenty of insects are smashed on cars, and they are available for those species that are able to use them. We used both our own data and community science and Internet sources for surveying global, national, and local data about birds using insects on cars. Our results contained a total of 308 observations of birds collecting insects on car panels, which indicated that 39 species used this food resource since 1928 in 33 countries. Most observations considered the House Sparrow, followed by the White Wagtail and several species of corvids. European urban bird species observed to use insects on cars had a larger residual brain size. There was also some indication that bird species using insects on cars had a larger number of innovations (i.e., production of novel behaviors), greater diet generalism, and longer times living in urbanized areas than birds not observed using insects on cars. Often these species are also resident and able to use food offered in feeding sites. We assume that more bird species will use insects on cars in the future, as urban insect populations continue to decline, and thereby insects on cars will increasingly become more important sources of food for urban birds.
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Jozwiak, Dawid, Jayakrishnan Radhakrishna Pillai, Pavani Ponnaganti, Birgitte Bak-Jensen, and Jan Jantzen. "Optimal Charging and Discharging Strategies for Electric Cars in PV-BESS-Based Marina Energy Systems." Electronics 12, no. 4 (2023): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12041033.
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The emerging concept of integrated community energy systems (ICESs) proves its suitability for improving the operation of local grids—increasing self-consumption from local generation, enhancing the load factor, and reducing energy cost. In Ballen marina—located on the Danish island of Samsø—the battery energy storage system (BESS)’s action can be possibly complemented by the flexibility of boats and electric cars. With the greater involvement of energy consumers, the energy system’s performance may become more efficient—from both technical and economic perspectives. Within this framework, the optimal charging and discharging strategies of the marina’s electric cars were developed and evaluated. The car usage profile was generated, utilising a stochastic approach to resemble daily variations in the driving pattern. The optimal charging strategy was established, subsequently integrating this action with boat flexibility. As a future scenario, the benefits of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology implementation were examined, proving significant enhancements of the future marina’s grid—with increased photovoltaic (PV) generation capacity and the number of electric cars. The economic benefits of bidirectional charging were proven, with ample advantages for the marina and the rental company, leading to cost savings of up to 51.7% and minimising the energy export by 21.3%. Therefore, increasing the integration level of Ballen marina’s flexible units—electric cars and boats—was concluded to be an important goal for the coming years.
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Johnson, Brian David. "Brave New Road." Mechanical Engineering 139, no. 03 (2017): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2017-mar-1.
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This article discusses the future of autonomous cars and its impact on the society in the future. The engineering community is building a future and is focused on making autonomous vehicles safe, efficient, and attractive to use. Autonomous transport of goods will allow a complete reimagination of the future of the global supply chain. AARP’s interest is important for another reason: the elderly vote; and if they want self-driving cars, lawmakers will quickly tackle some of the thorniest policy hurdles—such as regulation, local traffic laws, and insurance. The future of autonomous cars is expected to change lives in both dramatic and subtle ways, but the ways that will be most interesting are the things that are forgotten, the things that the next generation deem useless and frivolous. Google's self-driving car is a street-legal vehicle; however, autonomous golf carts might be more practical. Experts believe that the most interesting changes that will be brought by autonomous cars will be the cultural shifts.
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Hussain, Talha, Muhammad Zeeshan Zafar, Areeba Toor, and Hamayel Ajmal. "Identifying the Formative Factors which Shape Individual Intention to Prefer Imported Used or Locally Assembled Cars: A Survey on Pakistan." South Asian Journal of Management Sciences 16, no. 1 (2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21621/sajms.202216.01.
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The current study intended to examine the consumer intention while purchasing locally assembled and imported cars. Hence, the study proposed a model which is underpinned with social identity theory. The research model employed consumer ethnocentrism, self-congruity product characteristic, perceived relative price, brand personality and service quality. The current study identify research gap and found to the best knowledge of researchers that past study is lacking the determinants which motivate consumer intention, separately, to select local or imported cars. Moreover, aforementioned studies reported inconsistent results about consumer inclination towards automobile selection. The sample size of the study was 396. The proposed model was analyzed using structural equation model. The finding of the study revealed that consumer intention to purchase locally assembled and imported cars are shaped by both factors like rational and emotional. In addition to the results unveiled the fact that consumer purchase intention towards locally assembled cars highly influenced by ethnocentrism, brand personality as well as product characteristics. In continuation with the brand personality has highest explanatory power for making consumer intention towards imported cars. In contrary to that while purchasing imported cars the consumer influenced by self-congruity and brand personality. In addition to perceived relative price and service quality having insignificant effect on both cars. The present study confirmed that in collectivism society the purchase of automobile shaped by emotions and social influences. Although the study contributed in literature with theoretical and practical implication nevertheless suggested some future research direction.
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Zhao, Na Le, Peng Peng Jiang, and Tong Yan Qi. "Analysis on Traffic Characteristics of Passenger Cars with more than 7 Seats on Megacity's Freeway Network Using ETC Data." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 831–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.831.
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The traffic characteristics of passenger cars with more than 7 seats are directly related to the operation status of megacitys freeway network. With applying 3-months ETC data, this paper aims to propose methods for traffic characteristics analysis of passenger cars with more than 7 seats. Moreover, based on the macroscopic indexes calculation such as travels per day, penetration of local vehicles, average speed and average driving distance, the traffic characteristics of these vehicles are analyzed respectively in holidays, weekends and working days.
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Marinković, Milan. "Motorization rate in Serbia, Republic of Srpska, Federation of BiH, Montenegro and North Macedonia." Put i saobraćaj 65, no. 4 (2019): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.65.04.08.
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Motorization rate is defined in two ways. The first definition says that the degree of motorization is the number of inhabitants per passenger car while the second definition represents motorization rate as the number of passenger cars per 1000 inhabitants. As absolute saturation limit, 500 passenger cars per 1000 inhabitants are taken. This paper analyzes motorization rate for local government units in the territory of Serbia, Republic of Srpska, Federation of BiH and Montenegro. The number of inhabitants and the number of registered passenger cars were collected. In addition, the analysis was done for countries and entities. Also, the data has been collected for Northern Macedonia as a state. A comparison of the results obtained with other European and individual world countries for 2017 was made.
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Khudoyberdiev, Alokhon. "Car depreciation: How much is new car worth after purchase in Uzbekistan?" Общество и инновации 4, no. 10/S (2023): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol4-iss10/s-pp285-290.
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Depreciation of a car is a decrease in its value over time. World practice shows that depreciation depends on the car model, make, content and other factors, but depreciation of a new car can reach 20% (or even more) after purchase. In the local market of Uzbekistan due to shortage of supply budget cars, the demand is high. UzAuto Motors is only budget car manufacturer in the country. At the end of November 2023, in the secondary market offer price of new cars is less than one in the primary market. In this article this case was analyzed, calculated the real paying price (in USD) of UzAuto Motors cars (Onix PR2) considering waiting time. It is found that nowadays people cannot make profit from resale.
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Liu, Feiqi, Fuquan Zhao, Zongwei Liu, and Han Hao. "The Impact of Purchase Restriction Policy on Car Ownership in China’s Four Major Cities." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (January 22, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7454307.
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With the improvement of living standards, the demand for residents’ travel has grown rapidly. At present, China has surpassed the U.S. to become the world’s largest vehicle sales country. By the end of 2018, there had been over 200 million private passenger cars in China. Meanwhile, the increase in the number of cars has also brought a series of other problems: energy consumption, air pollution, traffic congestion, etc. Therefore, some first-tier cities have successively introduced motor vehicle purchase restriction policies to constrain the surge of local private cars. However, existing researches have overemphasized the factors that promote the development of China’s motor vehicle market and ignored the importance of the purchase restriction policies. In this study, policies in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Guangzhou are introduced, and their impacts on local private passenger car stock are analyzed. The results indicate that purchase restriction policies kept the car ownership per thousand people in these cities in a relatively stable level with growing economy. Therefore, as the number of cities with restriction policies increases, it is necessary to take those policies into consideration in the forecast of possession. Meanwhile, the local governments should still think over policy contents from more aspects, like number of issued plates every year, special measures for new energy vehicles, and travel demand of residents.
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Kostomakhin, M. N., and A. N. Voronov. "Algorithm for calculation of reliability indicators based on monitoring of technical condition parameters." Sel'skohozjajstvennaja tehnika: obsluzhivanie i remont (Agricultural Machinery: Service and Repair), no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-10-2110-03.
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Material by definition of local indicators of reliability of self-propelled farm vehicles, on the basis of monitoring of the controlled resource parameters used for definition of technical condition of the equipment is presented in article. The main dependences when calculating local indicators of a resource are given, examinees of cars/knots/interfaces.
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Koch, Camilo, and Davit Mkhitaryan. "Consumer’s Brand Choice Behavior for Luxury Cars in China." International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration 1, no. 12 (2015): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.112.1005.
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This paper introduces the aphorism “think globally, act locally” and examines consumer tendencies in the Chinese automobile marketplace based on the analysis of relevant local brands. Findings demonstrate significant consumer preferences for products related to the luxury category signifying the need for refining local marketing operations where performance of multinational corporations must match global standards as expected by local consumers. Car consumption has grown during the last years in China turning brand marketing into a critical variable that can forge an active place in consumer’s minds, or negative impact if a campaign is not well-implemented. The relevance of this subject result from the realities that brand marketing is one of the most important aspects of determining whether a brand succeeds or fails. Regardless of the benefits of the brand, poorly marketed brand can end in failure. Multinational corporations need to identify several factors to understand the benefits of branding such as the image and characteristics of the firm, the purpose of the brand, the consumers profile, the brand’s position within the marketplace, and the brand’s general impression. Once, multinational corporations entirely assume these aspects they can utilize brand marketing to market the benefits of the brand in any space in the marketplace. The investigation provides several recommendations to multinational corporations intending to enter Chinese market by utilizing brand marketing as a strategic tool to focus on consumer needs and preferences in the Chinese luxury automobile market.
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Kobtsev, VD, D. N. Kozlov, S. A. Kostritsa, S. N. Orlov, V. V. Smirnov, and S. Yu Volkov. "Measurements of the local temperature correlation time in a turbulent flame using coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2127, no. 1 (2021): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2127/1/012012.
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Abstract The feasibility to determine the timescale of pulsations of “instantaneous” local temperatures in a turbulent flame at a microsecond time scale by using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy is demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge. A laboratory laser measurement complex was utilized, based on two CARS-spectrometers employing synchronized pulse-repetitive lasers with 10 ns pulse duration. The system enabled to record, with high temporal resolution (in one single laser shot) and at a variable delay between two sequential shots following each other in pairs at a repetition rate of 10 Hz, series of CARS spectra of N2 molecules from a probe volume as small as 0.03×0.03×2 mm3. From the spectra, “instantaneous” temperatures at a given delay were derived. The obtained values enabled calculation of the correlation coefficient of temperature pulsations vs the delay. The results are presented for the series of 500 single-shot coupled measurements, at the delays in the range 1 μs – 0 ms, of local gas temperatures in a few points of an open turbulent partially premixed methane-air flame of a model burner with visually distinguishable stability of combustion. The average temperatures were between 1500 K and 1800 K. The measurements allowed temperature correlation times in the selected points of the flame to be derived.
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Levin, D. Yu. "Adaptation of local work organization to modern conditions." Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute 77, no. 1 (2018): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2018-77-1-18-26.
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The current state of the organization of local work is characterized by a large number of normative and technological documents that are developed without mutual coordination. Therefore, often the actual situation and the volume of the local work are significantly different from the normative conditions. Disadvantages of the existing organization of local work are: - performance planning of local work based on the achieved performance level of technical tasks cumulative from the beginning of the month without taking into account the real capabilities of stations and freight fronts; - criteria for shunting work does not take into account the use of loading and unloading capabilities of freight fronts; - evaluation of the effectiveness of local work organization does not take into account the final results of freight operations. The end result of local work should be the maximum volume of loading and unloading. The criterion for organizing local work is the optimal working conditions for freight fronts, when, by the time the freight operations are completed, the station has cars for the next timely delivery. The task of operational planning for local work in a mathematical formulation is formulated in terms of the distribution of flows on graphs. The developed algorithm for performing calculations leads to ranging the flow of car arrival to the station to ensure the maximum possible amount of freight work, and also determines the required schedule for its arrival. An operational plan for the transportation of local cars to stations and its supply to freight fronts is being developed as a result of automation of operational planning of local and freight work.
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S., V. MYAMLIN, H. REIDEMEISTER O., L. PULARIIA A., and O. KALASHNYK V. "DEVELOPMENT OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXTENDING THE USEFUL LIFE OF PASSENGER CARS." Science and Transport Progress, no. 6(60) (December 25, 2015): 118–26. https://doi.org/10.15802/stp2015/57096.
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<strong>Purpose. </strong>The vast majority of passenger car fleet of «Ukrzaliznytsia» have cars with outlasted service life. In this regard there is a need to find methods to justify the extending useful life of passenger cars and to assess the car body frame residual life conformity to the operating load for the next life time. <strong>Methodology</strong>. The selection of cars enforced technical diagnostics of cars to detect the level of corrosion and mechanical damage. The following steps provided the car body frame strength analysis on the basis of experimental static and impact strength tests, the longitudinal force effect endurance tests as well as assessment and forecasting of conformity of car body operating life for the next period. <strong>Findings </strong>The car survey before testing showed that the technical condition of sleeper cars (SSC) is better than that of open-type cars (SOC). So, in SSC cars the thinning of the main load-bearing elements due to corrosion does not exceed 10%, there are no cracks, deformations, rack breakages, etc. At the same time in SOC cars the thinning due to local corrosion reached 35%. There are deformations and corrosion damage of side sill Zshape of both cars, single corner post breakages, damage to the joints of longitudinal tie rod and span bolsters. The conducted static and impact strength tests with following strength assessment of the car structural members showed that the strength of the latter is provided according to the normative documents, and these cars pose no threat to traffic safety. The impact endurance tests showed that all the cars passed the endurance tests without damage, which would prevent from testing and could not be removed during the next depot repair or overhaul, and had life length that allows them to extend the useful life for the next period. <strong>Originality. </strong>The results of experimental studies show that passenger cars after 28 … 30 and 33… 35 years of operation meet the requirements of strength and safety in accordance with regulatory documents and allow, provided the impact endurance, reasonable extending of the car service life. <strong>Practical value. </strong>The part of the car fleet, which was to be written off based on the service life, may extend lifespan without additional measures.
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Kashif, Saif-ur-Rehman, Sadia Ismail Shah, and Fariha Arooj. "Outdoor Air Quality as Influenced by Vehicular Exhaust in Metropolitan City of Lahore, Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 62, no. 3 (2019): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.62.3.2019.190.196.
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This study was conducted to estimate the contribution of vehicular exhaust gases towards ambient air quality in Lahore, Pakistan during 2017. LANDCOM-III flue gas analyzer was used for determination of vehicular exhaust pollutants (CO, SO2, NO2, NO, H2S, HC) for five vehicles groups (motor bikes, Qingqi rickshaw, local cars, imported cars and public transport vans) from April to September, 2017. Major pollutants were compared with their National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) for the country. Ambient air quality was monitored using Haz scanner HIM-6000 during smog formation in the city in October and November, 2017. From the study, it was concluded that except local and imported cars, all vehicles groups emit high concentration of pollutants as compared to the standard values. It is also observed that public transport vehicles i.e. Qingqi rickshaw and vans contribute more towards atmospheric pollution as compared to other vehicle groups in the city. During smog formation in the city, PM2.5 and PM10, NO, NO2 (NOx) concentration was decreased whereas concentration of O3, H2S and VOCs increased in November than October. Ozone concentration during the smog was below NEQS indicating that smog was not totally photochemical smog but mainly originated from vehicular and industrial exhaust gases.
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Mohan, Aditya, Steven Shen, Eliese Moelker, et al. "IMMU-67. INTRACRANIAL IL12 SECRETING CAR-T CELLS OBVIATE THE NEED FOR LYMPHODEPLETION AND COMBAT HETEROGENEITY VIA MICROGLIAL INTERACTIONS." Neuro-Oncology 26, Supplement_8 (2024): viii167—viii168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noae165.0659.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) is a tumor-specific antigen distinctively expressed in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, its heterogeneous expression in GBM complicates its application as a target for Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells. Additionally, Interleukin-12 (IL12) has recently been identified as a potent cytokine in the treatment of solid tumors. In this study, we investigate the potential synergy between CAR-T cells and IL12 in targeting heterogeneous tumor antigens. METHODS To model tumor heterogeneity, mice were injected with a 50/50 mix of CT2A and CT2A EGFRvIII+ cells. EGFRvIII-specific third-generation CAR T cells, engineered with or without single-chain IL12, were cloned using an MSGV retrovirus backbone and transduced into murine T cells. The antitumor efficacy of CAR-T cells was evaluated through survival analysis. Additionally, the capability of CAR-T cells with or without IL12 to prolong survival and alter the tumor microenvironment was analyzed using single-cell sequencing. RESULTS EGFRvIII CARs alone were insufficient to cure mice with heterogeneous tumors, whereas EGFRvIII CARs co-expressing IL12 achieved a 60% cure rate. Interestingly, EGFRvIII CARs secreting IL12 demonstrated longer persistence in vivo compared to EGFRvIII CARs alone and did not require lymphodepletion before administration. We found that EGFRvIII CARs expressing IL12 promoted the elimination of EGFRvIII-negative tumor cells by recruiting endogenous CD8 T cells. Furthermore, among all Antigen Presenting Cell (APC) populations in the tumor microenvironment, we found that IL12 primarily acted on microglia to enhance antigen presentation pathways and support epitope spreading. CONCLUSION EGFRvIII CARs engineered to secrete IL12 effectively treat antigen-heterogeneous tumors by modulating local APCs and recruiting endogenous T cells. IL12-secreting CARs demonstrate longer persistence without the need for lymphodepletion compared to traditional EGFRvIII CARs. Employing CAR-T cells that secrete IL12 is a promising strategy to address tumor heterogeneity, offering therapeutic potential against GBM in clinical settings.
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Madhav Sai, N., S. Lekshmi, and P. V. Manitha. "Modelling of an Electric Vehicle." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2312, no. 1 (2022): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2312/1/012055.
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Abstract Electric Vehicles (EVs) are considered to be as an essential aspect in the immediate term to reduce global emissions and to improve local air quality. The automobile industry will have a substantial transformation in the upcoming five to ten years than it has in the last few decades. The development of technologies promoted a better eco-friendly version of EVs. Electric cars in short are the thought of batteries on wheels and are the future of motoring. Growing concerns over the limited supply of fossil fuels led to the invention of electric cars which truly rely upon the use of an electric drive system rather upon the Internal Combustion Engines. In addition, electric cars diminished the pressure of massive carbon emissions, urban pollution, greenhouse gases, and city noises. This paper proposes an investigative study on electric vehicle modelling, simulation, and step-by-step control design for an effective environment. For the purpose of modelling and simulation of an electric vehicle MATLAB/SIMULINK software is used.
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Barahona, Nano, Francisco A. Gallego, and Juan-Pablo Montero. "Vintage-Specific Driving Restrictions." Review of Economic Studies 87, no. 4 (2019): 1646–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdz031.
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Abstract Local air pollution has led authorities in many cities around the world to impose limits on car use by means of driving restrictions or license-plate bans. By placing uniform restrictions on all cars, many of these programs have created incentives for drivers to buy additional, more polluting cars. We study vintage-specific restrictions, which place heavy limits on older, polluting vehicles and no limits on newer, cleaner ones. We use a novel model of the car market and results from Santiago’s 1992 program, the earliest program to use vintage-specific restrictions, to show that such restrictions should be designed to work exclusively through the extensive margin (type of car driven), never through the intensive margin (number of miles driven). If so, vintage restrictions can yield important welfare gains by moving the fleet composition toward cleaner cars, comparing well to alternative instruments such as scrappage subsidies and pollution-based registration fees.
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Marinin, Sergey. "Methodology for determining local speed losses of freight trains within the boundaries of the railway." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 21, no. 1 (2024): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2024-01-187-198.
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Purpose: to develop a methodology for estimating the total losses of the local speed of freight trains, which, unlike existing methods based on calculating losses caused by the influence of individual operational factors, will be based on the use of statistical data, and take into account the entire range of operational factors that influence the implementation of the indicator under consideration. Methods: formation of a statistical database of railway operational parameters and conducting research on its basis using the tools of probability theory and mathematical statistics: assessing the distribution of the quantities under consideration, correlation and regression analysis. Results: it was established that 75 % of the variability in the local speed of freight trains is explained by changes in the size of the operating fleet of freight cars. Based on this, a methodology has been developed for estimating losses in the local speed of freight trains through the size of the working fleet of freight cars on the railway. A graphical and analytical method for determining these losses is proposed. Practical significance: it is shown that the developed methodology, in contrast to existing ones, makes it possible to more accurately estimate the loss of local speed of freight trains. Its use makes it possible to plan and analyze the implementation of the local speed of freight trains, taking into account the evolving operational work on the railway.
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Einstein, Katherine Levine, David M. Glick, and Maxwell Palmer. "Can Mayors Lead on Climate Change? Evidence from Six Years of Surveys." Forum 18, no. 1 (2020): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/for-2020-1004.
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AbstractIn the face of federal government intransigence, climate activists are looking to the local leaders to aggressively address climate change. While local politicians are limited in many respects, their control over land use and transportation policy provides them with powerful tools to reduce Americans’ reliance on cars–thereby decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. Using six years of novel elite survey data, we find that mayors are strongly committed to addressing climate change and reducing their communities’ reliance on cars. They are also supportive of some specific policies–including the construction of dense, multifamily housing and bicycle lanes–that would decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Other policy views, though, reveal that mayors do not consistently endorse evidence-based transportation policy practices that would make walking and cycling safe and attractive modes of transit. Insufficient knowledge, a lack of funding, partisan polarization, and public opposition all pose potent obstacles to mayors taking the lead on climate change.
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Sendek-Matysiak, Ewelina. "Life-cycle assessment for the BEV type electric cars in the context of sustainable development." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 123 (December 1, 2018): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7469.
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The number of new manufactured cars has been continuously growing since the very first car with internal combustion engine was built, through successive stages of growth in this market. It is anticipated that the decade 2010-2020 will bring about increase in their production reaching 25% that is up to ca. 100 million cars per year. As a consequence, negative impact of transport on the environment, which is observed today, will only intensify. Thus, methods allowing elimination of this negative impact are continuously sought. One of the solutions intensely promoted in the world today is to increase the automotive market share of “green” cars powered from battery only (BEV). Due to the lack of direct exhaust gas emissions, electric cars are used to be considered fully ecological. Unfortunately, in spite of zero local emissions of harmful substances, their negative impact on the environment can be observed as well. Firstly, this harmful effect is related to the batteries and indirect greenhouse gas emissions resulting from their production and disposal, as well as pollution generated while producing energy used to charge the batteries. Therefore, precise assessment of sustainable nature of electric vehicles and their environmental impact requires analysing their entire lifecycle with particular focus on battery life-cycle.
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Alharbi, Sultan H. "A Comparative Genre-Based Analysis of Move-Step Structure of RAIs in Two Different Publication Contexts." English Language Teaching 14, no. 3 (2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v14n3p12.
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This genre-based study investigates the move-step structure of two sets of English-medium research article introductions (RAIs) in the field of applied linguistics using Swales&rsquo; (1990, 2004) Create a Research Space (CARS) model of move/step analysis. A corpus of 30 RAIs from two English-medium research articles (15 International and 15 Local) was selected. The international research articles written for an international readership were selected from the journal English for Specific Purposes, while the local research articles, written for local readers, were selected from Arab World English Journal. The findings indicated that although the three moves suggested by the CARS (Swales, 1990, 2004) model appeared in the two subcorpora, some variation was observed with respect to the range of moves employed in each subcorpus. As expected, Move 2 was not always found in texts in the Local subcorpus. In terms of steps and sub-steps analysis, the findings showed the three steps and sub-steps of Move 1 are conventional in the International and Local applied linguistics RAIs. Further, while M2-S1B is conventional and M2-S1A is optional in the Local subcorpus, these two sub-steps of Move 2 are conventional in the International subcorpus. There were no striking differences between the two subcorpora with regard to the employment of the proposed steps of Move 3. Limitations and the implications of the findings, as well as recommendation of some suggestions for future research are provided.
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Hrelja, Robert. "Cars. Problematisations, measures and blind spots in local transport and land use policy." Land Use Policy 87 (September 2019): 104014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.05.033.
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Jo, Kichun, Minchul Lee, Wonteak Lim, and Myoungho Sunwoo. "Hybrid Local Route Generation Combining Perception and a Precise Map for Autonomous Cars." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 120128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2937555.
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KUDINOV, DMYTRO V. "The outline of the history of automobile traffic in the early twentieth century in Sumy." SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL, no. 38 (2022): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/shaj.2022.i38.p.34.
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The purpose of the publication is to reveal the essence of automobile movement in Sumy as a social cause, to describe its main tendencies and indicate the role of individuals in the development of local motorism. The topicality of the research is preconditioned by the lack of scientific investigation on this topic, as well as the need to supplement the general picture of the development of motorism in the Russian Empire. Various aspects of automobile traffic in Sumy have been considered (the concept of “automobile movement” is indicated in the meaning of a social phenomenon): auto trade, auto repair, the introduction of local traffic rules, automobile accidents, the formation of a stratum of drivers and car owners, their participation in races and rallies. In particular, the businesses of the owner of the first car dealership in Sumy Kaidansky and his competitor Poguliaichenko are mentioned as well as the existence of the Gerenshtein-Yankovsky auto repair shop. The main traffic rules adopted by the Sumy City Duma in 1908 are specified. On the basis of reports of the local press, typical traffic violations with the participation of cars are analyzed: crashes with horse-drawn vehicles, speeding, drunk driving, cutting in buildings and pedestrians. Special attention is paid to the public organization of motorists – Sumy Automobile Club established in 1912. In particular, the main provisions of the club’s statute, the rights and obligations of its participants have been analyzed. The names of some of its members have been specified. The activity of the organization and its place in the all-Russian automobile traffic have been assessed. The role of Sumy passionaries of motorism – entrepreneurs Ivan Leshchinsky and Eduard Kaidansky is emphasized. In particular, their participation in races and runs is mentioned. At the same time, the Moscow – Berlin – Paris rally where the Kaidansky team took part on a Mitchell car is covered more widely. Also, the brands of cars of Leshchinsky’s garage are named and the preferences for the cars of the sugar producer Pavel Kharitonenko are revealed. The appearance of departmental cars at the Sumy district administration is analyzed, the need for their use in the economic needs of the local government is determined. The duties of the zemstvo in the use of transport to the military department are clarified. The names of some of the chauffeurs who worked for private individuals and in the zemstvo are identified.
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Chikosha, Felix, and Tonderai Maximilian Chiunye. "Second Hand Car Imports: A Threat or Extended Arm to the Zimbabwean Motor Industry." Greener Journal of Business and Management Studies 4, no. 2 (2014): 52–57. https://doi.org/10.15580/gjbms.2014.2.030714137.
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The study sought to find out whether second hand car imports are doing harm or good to the Zimbabwe Motor Industry. Respondents were drawn from individual motorists and car assemblers in Zimbabwe. Data analysis reveals that it is wrong to posit that second hand car imports are threat to the motor industry since the car assemblers themselves do not have the capacity to produce cars at affordable prices to the generality of the Zimbabwean customers. Rather the imports have proved a relief to customers who can not afford the costly local cars. The results imply car assemblers should strive to lower the assembly costs to be able to out-compete the second hand car imports.
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Lakhmetkina, N. Yu, and O. V. Galkina. "HOW TO LOAD EMPTY CARS’ FLOW." World of Transport and Transportation 14, no. 5 (2016): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2016-14-5-16.
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For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version).ABSTRACT The topic of increasing the efficiency of empty gondola cars is considered by the authors at the example of the West Siberian Railway. In the process of analyzing the situation, it was revealed that the main problems that have arisen with the multiplicity of owners of rolling stock are a consequence of the lack of a single mechanism for managing cargo flows and are at the interface of interaction with different structures, small and large, federal and local. It is necessary to build a new management system for empty car flows and regulate this system, in particular the roles of participants in the transportation process, including the operator. The technology of operation of companies-operators with a park of empty open cars, the order of normalization and planning of their approach to coal loading stations of the road are shown. Compliance with such technology allows to significantly increase the level of loading of cars, improve the fulfillment of delivery deadlines. Keywords: management, railway, empty car flow, operator, cargo owner, plurality of owners, transportation process. REFERENCES 1.Khusainov, F. I. Reform of the railway industry in Russia: the problems of unfinished liberalization: Monograph [Reforma zheleznodorozhnoj otrasli v Rossii: problemy nezavershjonnoj liberalizacii: Monografija].Moscow, Nauka publ., 2015, 272 p. 2.INFOLine on change of paradigm of the railway market: from surplus of car fleet to a balance with accelerated replacement of outdated rolling stock with innovative [INFOLine o smene paradigmy zheleznodorozhnogo rynka: ot proficita vagonnogo parka k balansu s uskorennym zameshheniem ustarevshego podvizhnogo sostava innovacionnym].http://infoline.spb.ru/m/news/102859/.Last accessed 27.07.2016. 3.Federal Law No.503-FZ dated December 31, 2014 [Federal’nyj zakon № 503-FZ ot 31.12.2014].
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S. I. Muzykina, H. I. Peresta, I. L. Zhuravel, and V. V. Zhuravel. "The influence of marine port service work distribution at the terminal on freight station work performance." Science and Transport Progress, no. 35 (December 25, 2010): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2010/9100.
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In the article the urgency of rational distribution at the terminal of sorting work with the local cars on selectingthem by the destinations of freight fronts of marine trade port is conditioned. The results of analysis of the basicoperation indices of the terminal freight station and marshalling yard are presented.
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Spoladore, Daniele, Atieh Mahroo, Angelo Davalli, and Marco Sacco. "Reconfiguring Vehicles for Drivers with Disability: A Knowledge-Based Decision Support System." Electronics 13, no. 21 (2024): 4147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13214147.
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Driving a car is pivotal to supporting Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) independence and quality of life. The problem of reconfiguring a vehicle to meet both the PwD’s needs and the (local or supranational) regulations is far from trivial since it requires the identification of the appropriate modifications and adaptations to be installed on the driver’s car. However, PwDs may not be acquainted with the mechanical modification, aids, and devices installed on their cars to allow them to drive, nor may they be aware of the possible configurations available. In the Italian context, this knowledge is strictly regulated by local and European regulations, which—according to the type(s) of impairments a driver has—indicate the possible configurations for the vehicles and the aids and mechanical modifications that need to be implemented. Therefore, to support PwDs in understanding the possible modification(s) their cars could undergo, a novel knowledge-based Decision Support System (DSS) was developed with the support of the Italian National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL). The DSS exploits ontological engineering to formalize the relevant information on cars’ modifications, PwDs’ impairments, and a rule engine to match candidate drivers with the (sets of) car configurations that can be installed on their vehicles. Thus, the proposed DSS can enable the drivers to acquire more insights on the types and functionalities of the driving aids they will use. It also supports INAIL in administering the “special driving license”.
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Smets, Melle. "Turtle 1." Transfers 4, no. 2 (2014): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2014.040211.
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Th e majority of the world’s population lives, moves about, studies, and works in System D – the ultimate Do-It-Yourself world, where government is largely absent, the living situation is often problematic, and people have to fend for themselves. In our search for System D examples, we stumbled upon Suame Magazine. Suame Magazine (Kumasi/Ghana) is the largest automobile district of Western Africa: 200,000 people work in 12,000 workshops and small factories. Th ey repair, convert, and adapt discarded cars from the rich countries. In this immense open-air automobile factory, cars are transformed into African cars. Simple, strong and cheap adjustments make them suitable for the African road. It is a place where craftsmanship, knowledge of recycling, ingenuity, and self-suffi ciency rule the daily life. Th is is where we decided to research System D, in close collaboration with the local community. In twelve weeks we designed and built the Turtle, a prototype of the African car, in collaboration with SMIDO (Suame Magazine Industrial Development Organization).
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Davini, Ottavio, Giovanni Digiacomo, Matteo Perusia, et al. "PP170 Health Impact Assessment Of Teleradiology Programs In Disadvantaged Areas." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317002987.
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INTRODUCTION:Within the Home Radiology service of the Piedmont Region - R@dhome (1) - it was decided to employ a mobile radiological service to allow minor radiological procedures to be conducted in rural areas. Cortemilia (average age of population 51.6 years, population over 65 years 33.6 percent) is situated in Piedmont (Langhe region) and it is about 40 kilometers, with bad roads, from the nearest hospital. For this reason it's important to optimize the potential offered by telemedicine. The purpose of R@dhome is to provide simple radiological services (ambulatory) to vulnerable patients in outpatient settings. The aim of this work was to implement an assessment, based on Health Impact Analysis (HIA) (2,3) criteria, of the health intervention provided by the R@dhome service.METHODS:From January 2016 to December 2016 the following were assessed: •number of patients examined in the local radiological ambulatory service•inhabitants opinions (using questionnaires)•General Practitioner, Pharmacist, Family nurse opinions (using semi-structured interviews)•stakeholder opinions (Mayor, local politicians, using semi-structured interviews)•number of cars and ambulances used for the transport of patients to the nearest hospital•number of patients who avoided transportation to the nearest hospital•pollutants PM10 (particle size 10) related to cars and ambulance traffic.RESULTS:Forty percent of people interviewed were more than 60 years old, 76 percent needed x-rays (in 2015), 96.8 percent considered it useful to have a closer x-ray service, only 42 percent had a driver's licence but preferred not to drive; GP's said that 50 percent of local patients had trouble reaching the hospital and that 30 percent of local patients need informal or formal care. From Januay to December 2016 we examined (mainly chest and bone x-rays) in 598 patients using as an alternative to private cars and ambulances the radiological mobile station, and the pollutant emissions were shown to be reduced by 85 percent.CONCLUSIONS:This study has provided a comprehensive HIA report which shows that the R@dhome intervention improves patient's QOL, reduces social costs, reduces the number of patients in the Hospital Radiology Department, reduces rate of hospitalization and pollution.
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Amik, Fahad Rahman, Akash Lanard, Ahnaf Ismat, and Sifat Momen. "Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Predict the Price of Pre-Owned Cars in Bangladesh." Information 12, no. 12 (2021): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12120514.
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Pre-owned cars (i.e., cars with one or more previous retail owners) are extremely popular in Bangladesh. Customers who plan to purchase a pre-owned car often struggle to find a car within a budget as well as to predict the price of a particular pre-owned car. Currently, Bangladesh lacks online services that can provide assistance to customers purchasing pre-owned cars. A good prediction of prices of pre-owned cars can help customers greatly in making an informed decision about buying a pre-owned car. In this article, we look into this problem and develop a forecasting system (using machine learning techniques) that helps a potential buyer to estimate the price of a pre-owned car he is interested in. A dataset is collected and pre-processed. Exploratory data analysis has been performed. Following that, various machine learning regression algorithms, including linear regression, LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) regression, decision tree, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting have been applied. After evaluating the performance of each method, the best-performing model (XGBoost) was chosen. This model is capable of properly predicting prices more than 91% of the time. Finally, the model has been deployed as a web application in a local machine so that this can be later made available to end users.
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Morisaki, Yuma, Makoto Fujiu, and Shuji Osawa. "Analysis of Disaster Risk on Expressways for Foreign Tourists to Japan Using Rental Cars: Study Using Central Nippon Expressway Pass." Sustainability 15, no. 18 (2023): 13481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813481.
Full textAbstract:
The travel patterns of foreign visitors to Japan are changing from group travel, which was the mainstream to date, to individual travel, and there has been an increase in the number of cars rented by visitors as a means of transportation. The use of rental cars improves access to rural areas and is being promoted as a means of transportation. However, if a natural disaster occurs while driving a rental car, then the individual may face difficulties owing to a lack of local support. Therefore, the traffic volume on the roads used by foreign visitors to Japan during certain periods needs to be estimated in advance as well as the natural disaster risks that exist on those roads. In this study, we utilized CEP data managed by the Central Nippon Expressway Company in Japan to identify the risk of disaster for foreign visitors to Japan who use expressways with rental cars. The CEP data has usage records of foreign visitors to Japan who used rental cars on expressways in the Chubu region of Japan during the period from 1 April 2018 to 31 March 2019. Using this data, we calculated the risk of earthquake and landslide disasters. Result of this analysis, it is clear that the risk of earthquake disasters is high on expressways in the Tokai region, and the risk of landslide disasters is high on expressways in mountainous areas.
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Gračan, Daniela, Maja Coner, and Danimir Štros. "Possibilities of Connecting Maritime and Continental Tourism with an Emphasis on Sustainable Development." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 55, no. 1 (2018): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18048/2018.00.08.
Full textAbstract:
Contemporary tourism trends are marked by a number of elements that enrich the product of the tourism and travel industry and contribute to the satisfaction of visitors, while respecting the principles of sustainable tourist destination management. This paper analyzes the possibilities for the implementation of charter flights and the introduction of electric cars with the aim of connecting maritime and continental tourism in Croatia on the principles of sustainable development of tourist destinations. For the purpose of proving the set hypotheses, research has been carried out involving all the county tourist offices as the target points of the survey, as each of them covers a range of local self-government units, and can be considered a representative sample of tourism in the entire territory of Croatia. The survey was conducted through questionnaires with the office directors. The analysis of their responses suggests the need to approach and merge maritime and continental tourism through a new tourist product by introducing charter flights and electric cars. Based on the results of the research and in the opinion of the respondents, the introduction of charter flights would lead to the extension of the tourist season, the expansion of the tourist offer and thus the greater pleasure of visitors themselves, increase of employment, increase of local government revenues and synergy effect of economic development. Respondents believe that the introduction of alternative electric vehicles would significantly contribute to environmental protection and rationalization of operations due to considerably lower costs (gas emissions into the environment, the possibility of co-financing through EU funds or central and local government funds, maintenance costs, etc.). The introduction of charter flights and the usage of electric cars from the airport to the destination would significantly contribute to the achievement of better tourism-related results and the increase of the competitiveness of Croatian tourism as a whole.