Relevant bibliographies by topics / Local cars

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Local cars'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 13 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Local cars"

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Royer, Anne M., and Elizabeth H. Schultheis. "Evolving Better Cars." American Biology Teacher 76, no. 4 (2014): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2014.76.4.8.

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Evolutionary experiments are usually difficult to perform in the classroom because of the large sizes and long timescales of experiments testing evolutionary hypotheses. Computer applications give students a window to observe evolution in action, allowing them to gain comfort with the process of natural selection and facilitating inquiry experimentation. The lesson described here uses a free online program, BoxCar2D, to demonstrate evolution by natural selection in a virtual population of cars. Students will be introduced to the principles of evolution and conduct independent inquiry projects on key predictions from evolution – including convergence, local adaptation, and the role of mutation in adaptation.
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Crawford, Mark. "Cars Without Combustion." Mechanical Engineering 135, no. 09 (2013): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2013-sep-2.

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This article discusses the use of fuel cell-powered vehicles that aim to change the face of transportation. These fuel cell-powered vehicles are expected to have a significant impact on reducing both the emissions implicated in global climate change and those that cause local smog. Fuel cells electrochemically oxidize a fuel without burning, thereby avoiding the inefficiencies and pollution associated with the traditional combustion technologies. The U.S. Department of Energy is working with researchers at the University of Waterloo in Ontario and elsewhere to develop non-precious materials to replace the platinum catalysts in fuel cells. European scientists have developed a material for converting hydrogen and oxygen to water that uses only 10% of the amount of platinum that is normally required. The researchers discovered that the efficiency of the nanometer-sized catalyst particles is greatly influenced by their geometric shape and atomic structure. Mechanical engineers play a crucial role in the development of both fuel cell and hydrogen production technologies.
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Levytskyi, I. Ye, and R. H. Korobova. "IMPROVING LOCAL PROCESSING TRAFFIC VOLUMES IN RAILWAY JUNCTIONS." Science and Transport Progress, no. 23 (August 25, 2008): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2008/15003.

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The analysis of tendencies of development of railway junctions is performed. The method of optimization of distributing the sorting work between sorting and freight stations with the domestic cars in the railway junctions is presented.
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Iftikhar, Ahmed Butt, and Faran Iftikhar. "FACTORS INFLUENCING THE LIKENESS OF IMPORTED AND LOCAL CARS." Theoretical & Applied Science 47, no. 03 (2017): 143–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2017.03.47.25.

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Cao, Bin, Hongbin Ma, and Ying Jin. "Local Mixer with Prior Position for Cars’ Type Recognition." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 26, no. 6 (2022): 922–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2022.p0922.

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Deep learning has attracted attention widely as the successful application of deep learning for vision tasks, such as image classification, object detection and so on. Due to the robustness and universality of deep learning, automotive manufacturing, a crucial part of national economy, needs deep learning to make production lines more intelligent and improve efficiency. However, some superior generally deep learning models, such as ViT, TNT, and Swin transformer, cannot meet automotive manufacturing requirements with high accuracy on a specific scene. As for automotive production lines, engineers usually adopt some smart designs, which can provide prior knowledge for designing deep learning models. Specifically, in an image, the position of target is usually fixed. Therefore, in order to take advantage of prior position, this paper designs a local mixer with prior position to capture local feature. Its main idea is that dividing the whole feature map into window feature maps and connecting window feature maps along channel dimension in order to make convolution kernel parameters for each window feature map are independent from others. Besides, MLP is adopted as global mixer to capture global feature and the pyramidal architecture with CNN is adopted. Comprehensive results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed model on cars’ type recognition. In particular, the proposed model achieves 97.938% accuracy on our data set, surpassing some transformer-like models.
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Grundling, Hendrik, and Karl-Hermann Neeb. "Localization via Automorphisms of the CARs: Local Gauge Invariance." Letters in Mathematical Physics 93, no. 2 (2010): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11005-010-0403-7.

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Ishikawa, Osamu. "The pathophysiology and clinical phenotypes of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-related cutaneous adverse reactions: A narrative review." Trends in Immunotherapy 8, no. 1 (2024): 3326. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/ti.v8.i1.3326.

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Cutaneous adverse reactions (CARs) after COVD-19 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines have been reported worldwide, but the pathophysiology of CARs remains to be elucidated. To understand the pathophysiology, it is essential to know how the innate and adaptive immunity are activated after vaccination. At present, majority of CARs are presumed to be evoked by innate immunity response. Reviewing the previous articles, I propose the clinical classification of CARs; local injection site reaction, generalized eruption, localized eruption and others. Since COVID-19 mutates continuously to overcome the existing vaccines, our steady efforts are indispensable to clarify the pathophysiology of CARs and contribute to the development of novel vaccines with least adverse events and high efficacy.
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Foster, Karen. "Habitat Maintenance and Local Economic Ethics in Rural Atlantic Canada." Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie 55, no. 1 (2018): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cars.12179.

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Jin A Choi. "A Study on the Fire in Charging Facilities of Electric Vehicles." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 20s (2025): 496–509. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i20s.3173.

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Recently, as environmental regulations have been strengthened, automobile manufacturers are putting all their efforts into developing eco-friendly cars, and the government is also supporting various subsidies and benefits to encourage the purchase of eco-friendly cars. Internal combustion engines are still the mainstream, but recently, with the emergence of electric cars, hybrid cars, and hydrogen fuel cell cars, consumer choices have diversified, and the performance of eco-friendly cars is no less than that of internal combustion engine cars, and the Ministry of Environment and local governments are sparing no expense in establishing systems and budgets for the construction of charging infrastructure. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the current status of electric vehicle charging facilities to prepare for the continuously increasing number of electric vehicle fire accidents and to establish response measures to prevent large-scale property damage and casualties caused by fire. This study focused on the types of fire extinguishing methods that can be applied in the event of an electric vehicle fire accident, and in particular, on the systems that should be applied first in the field.
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Kolk, Ans, and Stephen Tsang. "Co-Evolution in Relation to Small Cars and Sustainability in China." Business & Society 56, no. 4 (2016): 576–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650315584928.

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This article explores how the institutional context, including central and local governments, has co-evolved with business in relation to small cars and sustainability. This issue is very relevant for business and society in view of the environmental implications of the rapidly growing vehicle fleet in China, the economic importance attached to this pillar industry by the government, and citizen interest in owning and driving increasingly larger cars. The interactions between different levels of government, and with business (both domestic and foreign-invested) in countries with a large role for the state is a novel area of study in the business-society area and a complex one given the multitude of objectives and interests involved in industry competitiveness, economic development, energy security, and sustainability. The article shows that the central government has adopted policies to further the production and use of small cars, which it perceives as serving environmental, economic, and social goals. Concurrently, however, many local governments imposed restrictions on small cars and have, implicitly or explicitly, favored larger cars. There seems to be a clear linkage to municipal ownership of those domestic automobile companies which, via joint ventures with foreign firms, focused more on larger cars. By adopting a co-evolutionary approach focused on macro-level interactions, the case helps to shed some more light on concrete sustainability challenges, and broader government–business interactions in a highly institutionalized setting, contributing insights on issues that have remained underexposed in business and society research.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Local cars"

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Axelsson, Henrik. "Kriminalitetens geografi : vardagsbrottslighetens spatiala fördelning i Borlänge." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Kulturgeografi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-3352.

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The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze the geographical distribution of everyday criminality in the town of Borlänge during the year 2002 and to analyze which measures to be taken in the physical social planning to decrease this everyday criminality there. The term everyday criminality is here to be understood as those categories of crime that appear most frequently in the records of reports to the police every year. Here two kinds of crime have been in focus, thefts from cars and office burglary.In fulfilling this aim two main questions have been answered. The first one is how the everyday criminality was distributed geographically in the town of Borlänge during the year 2002. The second one is which measures to be taken in the physical social planning to decrease this everyday criminality in the town of Borlänge.In order to answer the first question a spatial autocorrelation analysis, Local Moran LISA has been used. This method is based on the measurement Moran´s I and shows the spatial autocorrelation for every single location. To answer the second question three different theories of crime prevention through environmental design have been studied and applied in the analysis. These are Jane Jacobs’ ideas about ”the living city”, Oscar Newman´s ideas about ”defensible space” and Ronald V. Clarke´s theories about crime prevention.The major conclusions that can be drawn from this thesis are that the risk of being exposed to thefts from cars, during the analyzed time period, was highest in Centrum and Hagalund and their surroundings. The lowest risk of being exposed to this type of crime was found in Domnarvet and Islingby, during the year 2002. The highest risk of being a victim of the crime office burglary was found in Hagalund and its surroundings and in the single area of Kvarnsveden. The corresponding lowest risk was found in Lergärdet and its surroundings and in Norra Backa and Kupolen. The measures that should be taken in order to decrease these types of criminality can be divided into overall changes and place-specific changes. When it comes to the crime thefts from cars a more attractive central business district, a better view of parking lots from nearby buildings, dividing of larger parking lot zones into smaller ones, migration of hidden parking lots and stronger access control to parking lots where problems with this kind of crime have occurred have been suggested as overall changes. The corresponding place-specific changes are to remove vegetation that is blocking the view, better lighting and to put up signs with information about increased risk of exposure to crime at parking lots with the most problems. To decrease the amount of office burglaries overall changes as to create a better view of the area from nearby surroundings, move bigger office compartments or divide them into smaller units, rebuild characteristic buildings and increase security by strengthening the access control to offices with these kinds of problems could be useful. Finally there are possibilities to decrease office burglary by using place-specific measures as surveillance cameras combined with signs containing information about these, high fences and better lighting around the buildings where a higher risk of being exposed to this kind of criminality is present.
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De, Bellis Anita Marie, and anita debellis@flinders edu au. "Behind Open Doors - A Construct of Nursing Practice in an Australian Residential Aged Care Facility." Flinders University. School of Nursing & Midwifery, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20061107.122002.

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This thesis explored the relationship between the discourses of nursing care, the nursing care provision, and the perceived nursing care needs of three highly dependent residents in a residential aged care facility in Australia. Residential aged care in this country has undergone major reforms since 1987 and the nursing profession has struggled with these changes because of the documentation, validation, and accreditation requirements; the inadequate determination of dependency on nursing care for funding; the Registered Nurse (RN) being removed from the bedside to a role of scribe and delegator; the increasing acuity and complexity of the residents' needs; an increase in the turnover of residents; a rise in the nursing staff attrition rate; the delivery of care by untrained and unqualified persons; the RN being accountable and responsible for the care given by 'non-nurses' from a distance; and, the inadequate skill mix and staff to resident ratios provided in these institutions. The interest of this thesis was to research gerontological nursing practice in the context of residential aged care. Residential Aged Care Facilities (RACFs) in Australia that care for the highly dependent elderly were identified in the thesis as disciplinary institutions that used 'subjectivation' as a means to control the efficiency and effectiveness of the labour force and the 'docile' bodies of the residents, whilst at the same time the government rhetoric is that of the quality of life standards and the rights of residents in these institutions. As well as the discourse analysis, an historical overview of the aged care reforms in Australia was undertaken for the period from 1975 to 2006 that demonstrated the effects the reforms have had on the voice of nurses and nursing care in these institutions. This analysis highlighted where nurses have been silenced and found the federal government determining what is nursing care and what is not nursing care, and also who is providing this nursing care. Using a case study approach and discourse analysis each of the three residents was studied using data from five sources namely the resident or relative, a RN, a careworker (CW), the current documentation pertaining to the resident's nursing care, and the non-participant observation of the nursing care provided. These discourses on the nursing care and perceived residents' nursing care needs were analysed using the theoretical base developed from the philosophy and research interest of Michel Foucault (1926-1984), who questioned the apparatus and institutions of Western cultures and searched for discontinuities in the practices of what he termed 'disciplines'. The results of the discourse analysis found nursing care practices that were alarming around the residents' perceived nursing care needs, the documentation of the nursing care provision, and the observed 'actual' nursing care provided. A questionable standard of nursing care was evidenced even though this facility had recently been accredited. A custodial level of mechanistic care was provided to residents in an extremely noisy and public environment within a culture of haste and bustle by unknowledgeable CWs, under the distant gaze of a RN, and the direction of the government documentation requirements. This resulted in unsafe, unethical, unprofessional, and negligent practices, as well as fraudulent, illegal, and dangerously out of date documentation practices. This was ultimately affecting each resident's quality of life, nursing care, and wellbeing and was an added burden on the residents' relatives. Many discontinuities, dissonances, conflicts, and contradictions in nursing practice were uncovered for these three highly dependent residents that may be transferable and similar to other highly dependent residents in this and other institutions. Indeed it may mirror other disciplines that provide care services, such as mental health care, acute care, and disability care provision. The concerns for the nursing profession have epistemological, ethical, and political ramifications for the residents and their relatives, the nurses, the non-nurses doing nursing work, the government, and the industry. Epistemologically new nursing 'knowledges' were being developed that were not resident focussed or based on evidence. Ethically, the legislated rights of residents were not being supported, despite the accreditation, funding, and complaint mechanisms in place - and this has the potential to have punitive ramifications for the industry. Professionally and politically, CWs were identified as non-nurses doing nursing work of a poor standard. This care was not based on accepted nursing practice, but developed through the documentation requirements of the federal government department, the applied constraints, and the CWs themselves. Furthermore, the documentation requirements were found to be a pretence in regard to funding through validation and accreditation, as well as a charade in nursing practice. There is presently a substantial third level of nurses who are identified legally and political as non-nurses doing non-nursing work (known as 'personal' care); but these non-nurses are doing nursing work and are identified by the nursing profession and the public as 'nurses' doing nursing work. These non-nurses who provided nursing care are not educated, licensed, or regulated, and are not accountable professionally to nurses or legally to the public. It is proposed that CWs are in need of licensing under nurses' boards requiring at the very least a minimum of training and education. It is further proposed that documentation requirements resort back to professional nursing documentation; funding be dependent on an predetermined minimum skill mix and staff/resident ratio; and the funding of residents be based on a minimum data set and untied from nursing practice. The professional nursing practice of assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation of nursing care needs resorting to a nursing domain of knowledge, practice, accountability, responsibility, and documentation. If an acceptable quality of life is to be realised for residents in the residential aged care system, given that highly dependent residents are reliant on quality nursing care that is fundamentally imperative to their very quantity and quality of life, then changes in the residential aged care system and the nursing profession will be necessary. This thesis will contribute to opening up such dialogue between the government, the industry, and the nursing profession in Australia, and it also highlights areas of aged care nursing practice in need of further research.
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Crawford, Gregory Brian, and gregory crawford@adelaide edu au. "Depression in palliative care patients in Australia: identification and assessment." Flinders University. Medicine, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20090127.133003.

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Depression is poorly recognised, under-assessed and under-treated in patients receiving palliative care for a life-limiting illness. There are barriers to assessment and diagnosis, and limited access to specialist clinicians who might assist in these complex assessments and who could provide options for treatment. The three studies presented, using different research methodologies, and using both qualitative and quantitative analysis, seek to clarify these issues and to provide some solutions. A questionnaire was sent to all Palliative Care Services (PCS) in Australia. Questions included what part specialist psychological clinicians played in multi-disciplinary team meetings and in the treatment or coordination of patient care. Very few PCS used a valid screening instrument for psychological distress and very few had regular support from a psychiatrist or psychologist. Many did not have access to social work support. There are two competing issues with regard to recognising and assessing depression in palliative populations. A rapid reliable screen that points to a likely problem would be useful, but also there is a need to understand something of the patient experience of depression. In the second study, the one- and two-item screening instruments widely used in palliative care are examined and limitations that have been found in other settings are confirmed. A new novel screening tool is developed from this data and tested empirically. This algorithm is short, has good psychometric properties and is validated for an Australian palliative care population. Depending on the response pattern it is possible to identify that a particular patient has significant symptoms of depression by asking between one and four questions. Professional carer and patient acceptability of the questions is high. The understanding of the experience and symptom profile of depression in Australian palliative care patients is addressed in the third study. Patients and family carers were recruited prospectively from palliative care and oncology ambulatory clinics of two teaching hospitals in an Australian capital city. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was administered to the patient and the Collateral Source version of this instrument was asked of the carer. A subset of this sample completed the measures twice. The results using this 30-item scale were then compared with all the known previously published short versions of this scale. Two short forms met as many psychometric criteria as the longer forms. None of the versions of the GDS showed sufficiently high correlations between carer-completed and patient-completed forms. The frequency of symptoms was also assessed. Patients more frequently reported fatigue and anhedonia than depressed affect. Despite many screening instruments being available for depression, their use is limited in Palliative Care Services. Although these studies have validated several options for Australian palliative care patients, the issues behind the low uptake rates for screening have not been resolved. The final chapter of this thesis constructs known and potential barriers into a logical structure and then offers some solutions to improve access to mental health professionals by considering service models and applying this theory to the problem of depression and its assessment in palliative care populations.
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Bennett, Paul Norman, and paul bennett@flinders edu au. "SATELLITE HAEMODIALYSIS NURSES’ PERCEPTIONS OF QUALITY NURSING CARE: A CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY." Flinders University. Nursing and Midwifery, 2009. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20090828.154836.

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People living with end stage kidney disease require dialysis or kidney transplantation to maintain life. Of those receiving dialysis in Australia, most people receive this treatment in satellite haemodialysis centres that are nurse-run, community-based clinics. Nurses provide the majority of care in these clinics with little or no on-site medical support, yet there has been minimal research exploring nursing care, or perceptions of nurses, in the satellite haemodialysis context. The major aim of this study was to explore satellite dialysis nurses’ perceptions of quality care. Fundamental to this aim was the premise that to improve nursing care, nurses need to understand the factors influencing satellite dialysis nursing care. A critical ethnography exploring the culture of one satellite haemodialysis clinic, focusing on the nurse’s perception of quality was undertaken, with a focus on issues of power that influenced satellite dialysis nursing care. Over a period of twelve months, interviews with nurses, non-participant observation and document analysis were conducted. Of particular concern was the satellite dialysis nurses’ struggle with the dominant medical discourse of quantitative measurement of quality. Bourdieu’s notions of habitus, field and practice provided a vehicle to explore nurses’ dispositions that operated within the institutional conditions of the medicalised discourse and physical structure of the satellite dialysis environment. Findings about nurses’ perceptions of quality dialysis care were categorised into three broad themes: what is quality; what is not quality; and what affects quality. Nurses considered technical knowledge, technical skills and personal respect as characteristics of quality. Long-term blood pressure management and arranging transport for people receiving dialysis treatment were not seen to be quality priorities. The person receiving dialysis treatment, management, nurse and environment were considered major factors influencing and determining quality dialysis nursing care. Acceptance by nurses about their position and their reluctance to challenge medical power was revealed. Aspects of power and oppression operated for nurses and people receiving dialysis treatment within the satellite dialysis context, and this environment was perceived by the nurses as very different from hospital dialysis units. Bourdieu’s notions of habitus and subconscious reproduced practices were embedded in the satellite dialysis nurses’ behaviour and were conveyed to other nurses. In order to improve nursing care in this context, ten recommendations were proposed: 1) implementing a concordance nursing care model; 2) using a goal-setting framework; 3) increasing staff rotation between dialysis units; 4) improving satellite dialysis unit design; 5) educating satellite dialysis nurses in internet and database skills; 6) using new technologies in staff education programmes; 7) recognising increased patient acuity; 8) research exploring residential dialysis facilities; 9) introducing advanced practice nurses in a satellite collaborative model of care; and 10) requiring a structured programme of reflective practice. Facilitating change in dialysis nursing practice was fundamental to this study and consistent with a critical approach. New understandings for the nurses may not result in practice change however, unless there is a collective review and uptake of these practices. This study offers new knowledge about quality nursing in satellite haemodialysis units, enabling nurses to critically reflect on, and improve, the quality of care they provide.
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Nyrenström, Gidehag Anton. "Do loyal voters care less about the local economy? : An investigation based on municipal elections in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226567.

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MacGill, Bindi Mary, and belinda macgill@flinders edu au. "ABORIGINAL EDUCATION WORKERS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA: TOWARDS EQUALITY OF RECOGNITION OF INDIGENOUS ETHICS OF CARE PRACTICES." Flinders University. School of Australian Studies, 2009. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20090630.142151.

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This thesis is focused on Aboriginal Education Workers (AEWs) who work with, support and care for Indigenous students in schools in South Australia. AEWs work in the ‘border zones’ (Giroux 2005) between the values of schools and the expectations of Indigenous communities. This thesis highlights how AEWs experience indirect discrimination in the workplace as a result of their complex racialised position. In particular, there is a general absence of recognition of AEWs’ caring role by non-Indigenous staff in schools. AEWs are not only marginalised in schools, but also at an institutional level. While AEWs’ working conditions have improved, the ‘redistribution’ (Fraser & Honneth 2003, p. 10) of better working conditions has not eliminated indirect discrimination in the workplace. Furthermore, there is little research regarding AEWs in Indigenous education. Thus at three levels, namely school, Department of Education and Children’s Services (DECS) and academia, there is a cyclical pattern that perpetuates an absence of recognition of AEWs. This thesis uses whiteness theory (Frankenberg 1993) as a theoretical framework to examine this lack of recognition and the consequent low status of AEWs in schools. The thesis emerges from research, experience working as a teacher in a remote Aboriginal school with AEWs, and in-depth semi-structured interviews with 12 AEWs who are working in South Australian state schools. Standpoint theory (Collins 2004; Harding 2004) is used as both a method and methodology in order to understand and map AEWs’ position in schools. A common theme raised by all of the AEWs in the interviews is the absence of recognition of their work in schools by non-Indigenous staff and the consequent feeling of marginalisation in the workplace. In this thesis the site-specific contexts of the interviewees and the effects of whiteness are examined. The findings that emerged from the in-depth semi-structured interviews with AEWs were concerned with Indigenous ethics of care models. The narratives from the interviewees who were AEWs revealed how white ethics of care practices in schools de-legitimise Indigenous ethics of care. Furthermore, the discursive regimes that govern school policy and protocol often limit AEWs’ ability to respond effectively to Indigenous student needs. This thesis highlights the complexities and contradictions of AEWs who are working in the border zones. As a result, AEWs often feel caught between school expectations and community protocols. This thesis advocates equality of recognition of Indigenous ethics of care practices to address the indirect discrimination that AEWs experience. It concludes with a map for recognition of AEWs' care practices on an institutional level in relation to academia and DECS, and in schools in order to overturn the continual marginalisation of AEWs in South Australia. It argues for a values shift for non-Indigenous teachers and staff in schools and at the institutional levels in DECS and academia. In particular, this involves a values shift by non-Indigenous teachers, academics and policy makers towards an understanding of whiteness. Recommendations are provided in the concluding chapter that signpost possible moves towards equality of recognition of Indigenous ethics of care practices by non-Indigenous staff in schools.
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Antic, Nicholas, and nick antic@health sa gov au. "Simplified Diagnostic and Management Strategies for the Diagnosis and Delivery of Health Care to those with Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Flinders University. Medicine, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20081022.170508.

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disease. Often resources to provide care for OSA are inadequate, leading to long patient waiting times. Simpler validated methods of care are needed. In the first study in Chapter 2, the utility of a new high-sampling rate oximeter to diagnose OSA was explored. The home oximetry data collection was robust, with few failures and the data allowed the “rule in” or “rule out” of moderate-severe OSA with high degree of certainty. It is concluded that home oximetry could replace polysomnography (PSG) as a diagnostic test in a significant proportion of patients, thus allowing limited resources available for the care of those with OSA to be re-directed e.g. towards providing therapy. In Chapter 3, the diagnostic information from the oximeter was used to underpin a study designed to demonstrate that a nurse-led model of care could produce health outcomes in moderate-severe OSA not inferior to physician-led care. A randomised controlled multi-centre non-inferiority clinical trial was performed. 1,427 patients referred to 3 sleep medical centres with possible OSA were assessed. 195 patients were randomised to 2 models of care. Model A, a simplified model, involved home oximetry to diagnose moderate-severe OSA, auto-titrating constant positive airway pressure (APAP) to set a therapeutic constant positive airway pressure (CPAP), with all care supervised by an experienced nurse. Model B involved 2 laboratory PSG’s, to diagnose OSA then titrate CPAP, supervised by a sleep physician. The primary endpoint was change in Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) measured before and after 3 months of CPAP. A range of other outcome measures were collected. The change in ESS for nurse-led management (Model A) was not inferior to the physician-led service (Model B) since the lower limit of the two-sided 95% CI did not include -2, the margin of equivalence (difference 0.13, 95% CI -1.52 to -1.25). 11 patients in Model A and 10 in Model B were lost to follow up during the trial. There were no significant differences between Model A and Model B after 3 months of CPAP in any of the other outcome measures, including CPAP adherence at 3 months. It is concluded that a simplified nurse-led model of care can produce non-inferior results to physician-directed care in the management of moderate-severe OSA. In Chapter 4 the efficacy of CPAP in normalising or improving subjective and objective sleepiness, quality of life and selected neurocognitive measures was explored. It was shown that only a proportion of patients (60% on ESS, 35% on FOSQ) normalised their scores after 3 months of CPAP therapy. This is important information. As new health care delivery strategies evolve as a result of the data presented in Chapter 3 and elsewhere, it will be crucially important to train new health care professionals in the complexities of OSA management, such that they are aware that the symptoms of patients presenting for OSA investigations can have multiple aetiologies, and may not always resolve by simply applying CPAP. The data presented in this thesis add to the evidence base in treatment of moderate-severe OSA and will help further evolve health care delivery for this important disease.
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van, Eyk Helen, and helen vaneyk@health sa gov au. "Power, Trust and Collaboration: A case study of unsuccessful organisational change in the South Australian health system." Flinders University. Medicine, 2005. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20060130.095828.

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Internationally, health systems have been undergoing an extended period of endemic change, where one effort at health system reform inevitably seems to lead to further attempts to make adjustments, re-direct the focus of the reform effort, or bring about further, sometimes very different changes. This phenomenon is described as churning in this thesis. Churning is a result of continual efforts to adjust and �improve� health systems to address intractable �wicked� problems, often through applying solutions based on neo-liberal reform agendas that have influenced public sector reform in developed countries since the early 1980s. Consistent with this, the South Australian health system has been caught up in a cycle of change and restructuring for almost thirty years. This qualitative study explores a case study of unsuccessful organisational change initiated by a group of health care agencies in the southern metropolitan area of Adelaide, South Australia, which took place between 1996 and 2001. The agencies sought to develop and establish a regional health service through a process they called �Designing Better Health Care in the South� which aimed to improve the way that services were provided in the area, and to enable the agencies to manage the increasing budgetary and workload pressures that they were all experiencing. A significant policy shift at the state government level meant that this initiative was no longer supported by the central bureaucracy and could not proceed. The agencies reverted from a focus on regional planning and service delivery to an institutional focus. The changes that are described within the scope of the case study are universally recognisable, including centralisation, decentralisation, managerialism and integration. The experience of Designing Better Health Care in the South as an unsuccessful attempt to implement change that was overtaken by other changes is also a universal phenomenon within health systems. This study locates the case study within its historical and policy contexts. It then analyses the key themes that emerge from consideration of the case study in order to understand the reasons for constant change, and the structural and systemic impediments to successful reform within the South Australian health system as an example of health systems in developed countries. As a case study of organisational change, Designing Better Health Care in the South was a story of frustration and disappointment, rather than of successful change. The case study of Designing Better Health Care in the South demonstrates the tensions between the differing priorities of central bureaucracy and health care agencies, and the pendulum swing between the aims of centralisation and regionalisation. The study uses the theory of negotiated order to understand the roles of the key themes of trust, partnership and collaboration, and power and control within the health system, and to consider how these themes affect the potential for the successful implementation of health care reform. Through analysis of the case study, this thesis contributes to an understanding of the difficulties of achieving effective reform within health systems in advanced economies, such as the South Australian health system, because of the complex power and trust relations that contribute to the functioning of the health system as a negotiated order. The study is multidisciplinary and qualitative, incorporating a number of social science disciplines including sociology, political science, historical analysis and organisational theory. Data collection methods for the study included interviews, focus groups, document analysis and a survey.
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Paech, Susan Elisabeth, and spaech@vtown com au. "TOTALLY DIFFERENT: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC ACCOUNT OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY NURSING." Flinders University. Medicine, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20090918.161221.

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This study adopted an ethnographic approach to examine the role of the Registered Nurse (RN) in the intellectual disability sector. The research setting (The Centre) is a residential facility for clients with intellectual disability in the northern suburbs of Adelaide that opened in 1971 and was similar to a hospital with the same hierarchy of nursing. Mental deficiency nurse training was conducted there until the 1990s but that qualification is no longer recognised. The Centre is under the umbrella of a large state disability organisation that is in the process of moving clients of the service from institutions (the Centre) to community living options such as group homes. The cessation of mental deficiency nurse training and the introduction of deinstitutionalisation were considered to impact on client health and in the late 1990s a 24 hour nursing service was commenced. There was strong anecdotal evidence the service should be evaluated. A review of the literature found some research had been conducted in overseas countries with a focus on deinstitutionalisation but with a paucity of interest in the role of the RN, particularly in Australia. Ethnography, first used in anthropology as a way of describing different cultures, was chosen as the research methodology because the researcher wanted to discover how the culture influenced the role of the RN. The researcher is an RN employed in the area. As an ethnographer and participant observer, the researcher became the data collection instrument. The entire culture is considered to be the sample in ethnography and data took the form of hundreds of hours of field note entries and interview transcripts. Following analysis, the findings were presented in themes answering the research question which was in two parts. The first ‘from the perspective of the nurse, client and other health care professionals, what constitutes intellectual disability nursing?’ and secondly ‘what are the every day rituals, norms and patterns within the disability culture that shape and influence disability nursing for the Registered Nurse?’. ‘Caring for the client who is institutionalised’, ‘The RN in the disability sector having certain qualities’, ‘Working within a different paradigm’, ‘Having to assume responsibility for large numbers of unregulated workers’, ‘Having to work alongside many professional groups’ and ‘Having different educational needs’ are themes which describe the role. Themes describe the diversity of the role and in describing the registered intellectual disability nurse as ‘different’ the role is compared with that of the nurse in other settings. The current research revealed there is a need for more health related education for unregulated workers and specific intellectual disability education for registered and enrolled nurses. Themes that answer the second part of the research question are ‘hierarchical structure’, ‘the Registered Nurse's position’ and ‘role confusion’. The non-nursing management at the top of the hierarchical ladder was found to significantly limit the role of the RN who was afforded no opportunity for leadership. Confusion over the RN's role and indeed individual workers' roles was observed at all levels. Findings suggest much stronger nursing leadership is required to provide advocacy and holistic care for the client and education for the carer. An outcome of the current research was the development of a model for intellectual disability nursing (see Table 8-1).
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Todd, Joseph Malcolm. "Social care, contracts and voluntary sector providers." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2001. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20443/.

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This thesis concerns the impact of purchase of service contracts on voluntary sector providers of social care. Voluntary agencies in Britain have traditionally received annual grant-aid from local authority social services departments in acknowledgement of the many different care and support services they have provided to the community. However, following the reorganisation of the personal social services in the early 1990s (National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990), this funding mechanism shifted increasingly towards a tighter, contractual, relationship in which expectations about service levels, monitoring arrangements, quality and costs were made explicit and formally agreed. This changes the way in which voluntary sector providers have to work, their relationship with statutory sector agencies and their interface with the wider community. Whilst interest in social care contracting is growing, policy analysts have done little to qualitatively study the contracting process from the voluntary sector perspective. This study aims to bridge this gap. It offers a close examination of twenty-three voluntary sector agencies in four local authorities in England. It sheds light on the impact of replacing grant-aid with contractual income, contributes to the understanding of how voluntary sector providers of social care services experience the contracting process and explores how the local authority-voluntary sector interface is developing. Understanding the voluntary sector perspective on social care contracting can assist statutory sector purchasers to develop systems that best meet both sectors' needs. Prominent amongst the findings are the following: (1) despite the introduction of a 'quasi-market' in social care there was little evidence of a competitive market for contracts between voluntary sector providers; (2) local authorities were inclined to offer service agreements to recognised and trusted voluntary sector providers; (3) the language and legal status of social care contracting is regarded as ambiguous by voluntary managers - different local authorities have adopted distinct language and definitions; (4) the notion that voluntary providers are the preferred providers of local authorities was questioned by a number of statutory sector respondents - there was evidence that statutory sector purchasers were willing to make use of the for profit sector for service provision; (5) whilst some voluntary providers had been able to negotiate successful contracts with purchasers many commented on the conflictual nature of this process; (6) the monitoring of contracts is very mixed and there were concerns over the robustness of local authorities in collecting relevant data.
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Books on the topic "Local cars"

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Jim, Walker. Pacific Electric red cars. Arcadia Pub., 2006.

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Stamp, Robert M. Street cars, subways and rapid transit: A Canadian bibliography. Heritage Books, 1988.

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Lardner, J. F. The great electric streetcar company and other stories. Rock Island County Historical Society, 1999.

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Mulholland, Ian P. Artificial intelligence for transit railcar diagnostics. National Academy Press, 1994.

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Transportation, California Legislature Assembly Committee on. Hearing on California car contract with Morrison Knudsen Corporation. Assembly Publications Office, 1995.

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Sullivan, Frank. Trolleycars: Streetcars, trams, and trolleys of North America : a photographic history. Motorbooks International, 1995.

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Philippe, Feunteun, and Pourageaux Guillaume, eds. Une vie en autorail. Vie du rail, 2011.

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Mulholland, Ian P. Demonstration of artificial intelligence technology for transit railcar diagnostics. National Academy Press, 1999.

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Malott, Zachary. The streetcars of San Francisco. Z. Malott, 2009.

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Mendoza, Joe. Muni Metro: San Francisco's light rail lines + streetcar & cable car lines. www.metrocitybooks.com, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Local cars"

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Thun, Eric. "Going Local: Foreign Investment, Local Development and the Chinese Auto Sector." In Cars, Carriers of Regionalism? Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230523852_15.

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Mair, Andrew. "Rover Learns How to Make Cars Again." In Honda's Global Local Corporation. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230374850_13.

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Elisa Montironi, Maria. "Gender and patriarchy in Shakespearean ads for cars." In Local/Global Shakespeare and Advertising. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003273271-15.

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Leschke, André. "Algorithm for Local Component-Specific Load." In Algorithm Concept for Crash Detection in Passenger Cars. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29392-5_7.

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Leschke, André. "Simulation Model for Component-Specific Local Load." In Algorithm Concept for Crash Detection in Passenger Cars. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29392-5_6.

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Dornier, C., M. K. Ivancevic, G. Lecoq, A. Righetti, and J. P. Vallee. "FAST analysis tool of global and local heart functions by MRI tagging." In CARS 2002 Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56168-9_152.

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Nakagawa, Toshiaki, Takeshi Hara, Hiroshi Fujita, Takuji Iwase, and Tokiko Endo. "Image retrieval scheme for mammographic masses by using a local-pattern matching technique." In CARS 2002 Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56168-9_111.

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Kraus, H. P., and F. W. Schneider. "Spatially Resolved CARS in the Study of Local Mixing of Two Liquids in a Reactor." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77194-1_23.

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Fischer, Manuel, Daniel Foord, Jan Frecè, et al. "Challenges of Managing Common Resources." In SpringerBriefs in Business. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25397-3_3.

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AbstractCommon goods are those natural or man-made resources that serve all members of a particular community and its institutions. Unlike private goods such as cars or mobile phones, all members have free access to commons, i.e., the goods cannot simply be fenced off. As a result, such goods tend to be overused, leading to a loss of welfare-the tragedy of the commons. In this chapter, we discuss the concept of the tragedy of the commons, why it is relevant to global and local environmental problems, and how the social dilemma might be resolved.
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Rubio, María Alejandra, Olga L. Sarmiento, Tomás Guevara, et al. "The Impacts of an Urban Cable Car System on Liveability: A Mixed Methods Study in Bogotá, Colombia." In S.M.A.R.T. Environments. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32840-4_14.

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AbstractCable cars represent an integral element of urban transport systems designed to connect underserved communities in Latin America. However, evaluations of the liveability impacts of cable cars are scarce. The TransMiCable cable car in Colombia connects the peripheral neighbourhoods of Ciudad Bolívar with the integrated public transport system of Bogotá. This study assessed the effect of TransMiCable on domains of liveability, including transport, public open space, social cohesion, local democracy, and security. Urban Transformations and Health: The Case of TransMiCable in Bogotá was a natural experiment involving participatory mixed methods. Household surveys, the Our Voice citizen science research method, and the Ripple Effects Mapping technique were applied to capture baseline measurements before TransMiCable’s inauguration and follow-up measurements afterwards in both intervention and control areas. Following a simultaneous bidirectional approach, quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analysed separately, then merged for interpretation. The mixed methods approach revealed concordance and complementarity among the multiple effects of the TransMiCable intervention across domains of liveability. These impacts included shorter travel times, increased satisfaction with public transport, increased access to parks, perceived reduction in the neighbourhood’s social stigma, increased pride in community, and decreased perceived insecurity. The participatory process facilitated dialogue between community leaders and public sector decision-makers on the ways transportation interventions can improve liveability. This multisectoral engagement enabled a broad understanding of the ongoing transformation of the Ciudad Bolívar area after the implementation of TransMiCable, providing lessons for effectively engaging with local stakeholders to support the sustainability of urban transformations.
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Conference papers on the topic "Local cars"

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Rezgui, Jihene, Antoine Bolduc, Enric Soldevila, Yousra Azmour, and Fadner Dieujuste Richardson. "Accessible Time Interval Based Local Positioning System: Applications for Self-Driving Cars in Smart Cities." In 2024 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isncc62547.2024.10758991.

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Shi, Yawen, Bokang Zhai, Handi Deng, Cheng Ma, and Yang Yu. "Application of photoacoustic tomography in monitoring oxygen metabolism status of local tissues during surgical operation." In Optics in Health Care and Biomedical Optics XIV, edited by Qingming Luo, Xingde Li, Ying Gu, and Dan Zhu. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3034500.

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Tsai, Yulin, and Tesheng Hsiao. "Local Path Planning of an Autonomous Mobile Robot with Nonholonomic Constraints based on Control Barrier Functions and Elliptical Bounding Box." In 2024 International Automatic Control Conference (CACS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/cacs63404.2024.10773344.

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Cramer, Henriette. "Local sounds & singing along in cars." In MobileHCI '16: 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services. ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2957265.2964197.

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Jurna, M., J. P. Korterik, C. Otto, L. Herek, and H. L. Offerhaus. "Background free CARS imaging by local phase detection." In SPIE BiOS: Biomedical Optics, edited by Ammasi Periasamy and Peter T. C. So. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.807714.

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Zhao, Wei, Michael A. Sutton, Jose Penã, Brenda K. Hattery, Duan Q. Wang, and Camden R. Hubbard. "Damage Tolerance Analysis of Railroad Tank Cars." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2135.

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Abstract The paper summarizes an effort in improving structural integrity of the railroad tank cars. Damage tolerance analysis is performed on a DOT 111A100W1 general purpose tank car. Stress distributions and potential fatigue critical locations are determined using global and local finite element models. Welding residual stresses in an unconstrained TC128-B butt weld are obtained using neutron diffraction technique. Fatigue crack growth analysis under a tank car service load spectrum is carried out and inspection intervals are determined for various postulated initial flaws. Two materials are considered, a generic steel (presumably representing A516-70), and A515 for older tank cars.
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Bačkalić, Svetlana, Smiljana Rajčević, Predrag Stanojević, Dragana Jakšić, and Dragan Jovanović. "FACTORS CAUSING STRESS IN DRIVERS WHILE DRIVING." In Conference Road Safety in Local Community. Road Safety in Local Community, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/rsaflc24.310b.

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Nowadays with the increasing number of cars, daily driving activity has become a source of stress. The increase in the stress level of drivers can affect their performance, which has the effect of increasing the risk of traffic. Therefore, it is important to be aware of factors that increase stress level of drivers. The paper presents the factors that can cause an increase in the level of stress among drivers.
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Mammeri, Abdelhamid, Azzedine Boukerche, Jingwen Feng, and Renfei Wang. "North-American speed limit sign detection and recognition for smart cars." In 2013 IEEE 38th Conference on Local Computer Networks Workshops (LCN Workshops). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcnw.2013.6758513.

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Aust, S. "Paving the Way for Connected Cars with Adaptive AUTOSAR and AGL." In 2018 IEEE 43rd Conference on Local Computer Networks Workshops (LCN Workshops). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcnw.2018.8628558.

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Hancock, R. D., F. R. Schauer, R. P. Lucht, V. R. Katta, and K. Y. Hsu. "CARS Temperature Measurements in a Driven Jet Diffusion Flame." In Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis. Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacea.1996.lthd.3.

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This paper discusses the use of a broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) system to investigate local gas temperatures during a vortex/flame interaction. The CARS system is first used to obtain flame temperature measurements in a series of near adiabatic hydrogen/air flames produced with a Hencken burner (Hencken, 1994; Hancock, et al., 1996). These temperatures are compared to adiabatic flame temperatures found using the NASA-Lewis equilibrium code (Gordon and McBride, 1976) and a computational fluid dynamics code developed by Katta, et al. (1994). These results help to validate the CARS system. Next, the CARS system is used to obtain local gas temperature measurements in an undriven hydrogen/nitrogen jet diffusion flame and during a vortex-flame interaction in the same flame, but under driven conditions. Experimental results (Hsu, et al., 1993; Carter, et al., 1995) and direct numerical simulations (Katta and Roquemore, 1995) indicate that preferential diffusion (manifest as Lewis number), acting together with flame curvature, influence the local flame temperature along the flame surface. Under certain conditions the local temperature will rise even though the flame is positively stretched-a condition which is typically thought to cause a reduction in local flame temperature. In this paper such a condition is investigated for a hydrogen/nitrogen diffusion flame using CARS and direct numerical simulations.
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Reports on the topic "Local cars"

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Shen, Kevin, Dave Cooke, Emmanuell De Barros, Mike Christensen, Kim Mitchell, and Dorothy Wiley. Freedom to Move: Investing in Transportation Choices for a Clean, Prosperous, and Just Future. Union of Concerned Scientists, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47923/2024.15594.

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More transportation options such as transit, walking and biking are good for the environment, economy, and social equity. • A system with improved transportation options and reduced driving could save up to $175 billion in energy infrastructure and $125 billion in public health costs through 2050, presenting a more effective climate solution than the current car-dependent model. • The auto and oil industries have a vested interest in car dependence, currently receiving more than 75% of public and private transportation spending and have lobbied for decades to prioritize cars over a more complete and affordable set of transportation options. • Science-based policies that prioritize more transportation choices align with community-based solutions where local advocates have long fought for a transportation system that prioritizes people over industry interests.
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Carranza, Juan Esteban, Alejandra Ximena González-Ramírez, Juan Sebastián Vélez-Velásquez, and Alex Perez. Exchange rate pass-through in the Colombian car market. Banco de la República, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1240.

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The incomplete pass-through of exchange rates to prices is a well-documented phenomenon. Firms respond optimally to exchange rate shocks by adjusting margins and buying inputs from regions with more advantageous terms of trade. Consumers, in turn, substitute goods that become more expensive for relatively cheaper goods after an exchange rate shock. We use data from the market for new cars in Colombia to empirically analyze the determinants of incomplete pass- through after a large depreciation of the local currency. We estimate a structural oligopoly model that nests the optimal reactions of firms and consumers to as- sess their relative importance in explaining the lack of response of retail prices to the exchange rate shock. We find that, in relative terms, the most important factor explaining incomplete pass-through is consumer substitution, followed by strategic interaction between sellers.
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Seybold, Patricia. Local Motors: Open Source Car Design and Local Manufacturing. Patricia Seybold Group, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1571/cs01-26-12cc.

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Simpson, Polly, Neil Amin Smith, and David Phillips. Adult social care funding: a local or national responsibility? Institute for Fiscal Studies, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/bn.ifs.2018.bn0227.

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Phillips, David, and Polly Simpson. National standards, local risks: the geography of local authority funded social care, 2009–10 to 2015–16. The IFS, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/re.ifs.2017.0128.

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Rohrer, Lisa, Johannes Lidmo, and Christoph Beidenhauser. Nordic cycling policy: National objectives, mechanisms, and actors in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Nordregio, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/wp2023:81403-2511.

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This paper reviews how Nordic countries are working to improving cycling via policy and planning. It takes a national-level approach to review cycling objectives in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden, reviews a range of mechanisms to achieve these objectives, and identifies the key actors responsible for carrying out the work. In the discussion section, the paper identifies several findings from the review work with regards to how the Nordic countries are currently addressing cycling at the policy level: - Cycling is primarily discussed as a means for contributing to environmental goals, such as GHG emission reductions, but is occasionally discussed as a means for improving health and well-being. Much less policy discourse focuses on economic or other social benefits of cycling. The primary method for reducing GHG emissions in the transportation sector focuses on replacing fossil fuel cars with electric-powered vehicles rather than on cycling infrastructure or spatial forms that decrease overall mobility requirements. - The Nordic countries have some distinctions with regards to how spatial planning is operationalised, which influences how cycling is prioritised and managed. - Beyond a dedicated cycling strategy, cycling objectives are often baked into other key plans and documents at the national level. - Achieving national cycling objectives requires clear communication among local, regional, and national actors and across ministries, agencies, and departments, which is often a challenge. - Political turnover can be a hindrance to gaining support for long-term cycling projects. - There are many different indicators and ways to measure success for cycling objectives in the Nordic countries. The paper also highlights some of the developments taking place at the UN and EU levels, making cycling and its potential for improving cities and regions more visible across international policy.
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Dupor, Bill, and Rodrigo Guerrero. The Aggregate and Local Economic Effects of Government Financed Health Care. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2017.027.

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Jha, Akshaya, and Nicholas Muller. Handle with Care: The Local Air Pollution Costs of Coal Storage. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23417.

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Phillips, David, Kate Ogden, Heather Jameson, Cian Sion, and Joanne Pitt. Under pressure: What do Covid-19 and social care reforms mean for local government? The IFS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/ps.ifs.2024.0144.

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Cristia, Julian P., and Paulo Bastos. Entry and Quality Choices in Child Care Markets. Inter-American Development Bank, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011186.

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Many developing countries have adopted the market approach for expanding the supply of child care, but little is known about the economic behavior of independent providers. This paper draws on uniquely rich administrative data on child care centers and their inputs from São Paulo to examine the role of local household income in shaping the entry and quality choices of private suppliers. It documents three main facts: (1) entry rates are considerably higher in high-income districts; (2) the quality of provision as measured by teachers¿ schooling, group size and equipment is highly heterogeneous across space and increases systematically with local household income; and (3) a considerable share of centers operates below recommended (but not regulated) quality standards, especially in low-income districts. These findings accord with a model in which heterogeneous providers optimally adjust the quality of care to the willingness to pay for quality of local consumers. Market-driven heterogeneity in the quality of provision across space is a key consideration for understanding the effect of regulations on the supply of child care.
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