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Journal articles on the topic 'Local anodizing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 24 June 2022

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1

Cicutto, Ludovic, Jérome Roche, and Laurent Arurault. "Local Anodizing of a Newly Prepared Aluminum Micrometric Disk." Nanomaterials 12, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12050845.

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A search through the literature reveals that the vast majority of studies about aluminum anodizing were conducted at the macroscale (i.e., from cm2 up to m2), while those focused on local anodizing (i.e., on surfaces of less than 1 mm2) are rare. The last ones either used insulating masks or were conducted in an electrolyte droplet. The present study describes on the one hand a new way to prepare aluminum microelectrodes of conventional disk-shaped geometry, and on the other hand the local anodizing of their respective aluminum micrometric top-disks. The influence of the anodizing voltage on anodic film characteristics (i.e., thickness, growth rate and expansion factor) was studied during local anodizing. Compared with the values reported for macroscopic anodizing, the pore diameter appears to be significantly low and the film growth rate can reach atypically high values, both specificities probably resulting from a very limited increase in the temperature on the aluminum surface during anodizing.
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2

Lämmel, Christoph, Christian Heubner, Michael Schneider, and Alexander Michaelis. "Development of the local proton concentration during pulse anodizing." Surface and Interface Analysis 51, no. 12 (October 16, 2018): 1154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.6572.

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3

Kosaba, Takumi, Izumi Muto, and Yu Sugawara. "Galvanic Corrosion of AA5083/Fe in Diluted Synthetic Seawater: Effect of Anodizing on Local Electrochemistry on and around Al 6 (Fe,Mn) on Al-Matrix." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 020550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac5301.

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In 100-times diluted synthetic seawater at 298 K (pH 8.2), the effect of anodizing on the galvanic corrosion resistance of AA5083 coupled to pure Fe, Type 430, or 304 stainless steel was investigated by measuring the galvanic current densities and electrode potentials. Anodizing in H 2 SO 4 effectively suppressed the galvanic corrosion of AA5083. It was shown that an increase in pitting potential by anodizing alone could not determine whether galvanic corrosion would occur or not. The cathodic activity on Al 6 (Fe, Mn), which causes alkalization on and around Al 6 (Fe, Mn) particles, decreased as the anodizing time and voltage increased. And, the anodic oxide film on the Al-matrix in alkaline environments became stable as the thickness of the oxide film increased. A comparison of these two factors revealed that the dissolution resistance of surface oxide film on Al-matrix contributed the galvanic corrosion prevention of anodized AA5083 coupled to pure Fe. In the case of AA5083 anodized at 16 V for 180 s, no galvanic corrosion damage was observed on the AA5083 coupled to Type 430 or 304.
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4

SAKAIRI, Masatoshi, Yingi BAN, and Toshiyuki MATSUMOTO. "Local Anodizing by Solution Flow Type Micro-Droplet Cell and its Application." Journal of The Surface Finishing Society of Japan 70, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.70.20.

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5

Liu, Nian, Rong Yi, and Hui Deng. "Study of initiation and development of local oxidation phenomena during anodizing of SiC." Electrochemistry Communications 89 (April 2018): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2018.02.013.

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6

Rozhdestvenska, Liudmyla, Kateryna Kudelko, Volodymyr Ogenko, and Menglei Chang. "MEMBRANE MATERIALS BASED ON POROUS ANODIC ALUMINIUM OXIDE." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 86, no. 12 (January 15, 2021): 67–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/2708-129x.86.12.2020.67-102.

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Anodized aluminum oxide (AOA) is applied in many technological areas such as formation of decorative or anticorrosive coating, hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces, development of functional micro- and nanomaterials. Due to unique properties of porous structure (most direct, regular and through pores with size in a narrow range) AOA films can be used for membrane separation. The morphological features of such films mainly depend on synthesis conditions. This review consists of the models of pore formation on the aluminum surface and the correlation parameters of films with anodizing conditions. Particular attention is paid to the influence of synthesis factors (electrolyte composition, voltage, temperature conditions, etc) on the porous structure of AOA and the film thickness that determines the mechanical strength of membranes. The optimal voltage values for the porous structure arraingment of anodized aluminum oxide were indicated for each electrolyte. It is noted formation of cylindrical shaped pores with controllable pore diameters, periodicity and density distribution can be produced during two-stage anodizing. The pre-treatment of the metal surface and stage of separation of the formed film from its surface are also considered. Modern research are mainly aimed to synthesis of porous AOA membranes in new anodizing electrolytes and determining pore formation factors on the aluminum surface. The new anodizing conditions in most popular electrolytes (oxalic, sulfuric, phosphoric acids) for obtaining of porous AOA with the required morphological features is also under investigation. Such conditions include, for example, a lower voltage or higher temperature in case for a particular electrolyte. To avoid of local heating the electrolytes with additional components, for example, organic additives is also studied. Some practical aspects of AOA membrane utilization obtained under certain conditions are considered.
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7

Song, Ye, Qiu Mei Ye, Peng Liu, Jun Jun Hu, and Xin Hua Zhu. "Petal-Like Morphology on the Surface of Porous Anodic Alumina." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 818–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.818.

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The formation process of a petal-like morphology on the surface of porous anodic alumina (PAA) is discussed in detail. During the anodizing process, the electronic current is produced within the growing oxide, which results in the oxygen evolution at the pore bottom. The pressure of the oxygen bubbles increases along with the anodizing process, and their high pressure acts as a driving-force of the micro-gas-flow, resulting in the micro-liquid-flow in the pores of PAA. The micro-liquid-flow can flow into each other between a center pore and the nearest neighboring pores. The nanogroove between two pores can be formed due to the dissolving effect during the process of micro-liquid-flow between the two pores. This leads to the formation of the petal-like morphology on the PAA surface. As the micro-liquid-flow leaves off the pore bottom, there a local vacuum is formed. This local vacuum behaves as a driving-force of the micro-liquid-flow, making the electrolyte renovated in the nanopores. The renovated electrolyte can provide enough anions or impurity centers, which are the cause of the generation of the electronic current. The self-organizing for the petal-like morphology on PAA surface is mainly dependent upon the high pressure of the oxygen bubbles and the local vacuum produced at the pore bottom. The present results may help us to understand the nature of the self-organization in the porous anodic oxides.
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8

De Graeve, I., H. Terryn, and G. E. Thompson. "Influence of Local Heat Development on Film Thickness for Anodizing Aluminum in Sulfuric Acid." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 150, no. 4 (2003): B158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1560639.

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9

Sanewirush, U. Sangwanna, and P. Saewong. "Synthesis of Ca-Al-Si-O Compounds from Local Wastes." Materials Science Forum 620-622 (April 2009): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.121.

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The local wastes, which are sources of SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO, are rice husk ash, waste sediment from aluminum anodizing process and dreg from pulp production, respectively. The wastes are mixed in three different compositions in ranges of 20-50 SiO2, 20-35 CaO and 20-45 Al2O3, wet milled, slip casted and then fired at 1,100 °C. Characterization of the fired bodies reveals the formation of calcium-aluminosilicate compounds: gehlenite and anorthite as major phases, in accordance with the SiO2-CaO-Al2O3 ternary diagram. Their bulk densities and % water absorption lies between 0.95-1.42 g/cm3 and 37.40-67.95%, respectively. While flexural strength and coefficient of thermal expansion are between 4.09-9.56 MPa and 6.14 - 10.1 x 10-6 °C-1, respectively. By simple thermal conductivity comparison, the materials themselves have thermal conductivity comparable to alumina ceramics. These wastes, therefore, may be used as precursors for the production of some insulating refractory members, in place of minerals from natural resources.
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10

Горох, Г. Г., А. Н. Плиговка, and А. А. Лозовенко. "Столбиковые ниобиевые оксидные наноструктуры: механизм образования, микроструктура и электрофизические свойства." Журнал технической физики 89, no. 11 (2019): 1747. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2019.11.48339.146-19.

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The morphology and microstructure of the columnar niobium oxide nanostructures were investigated. The dependences of their morphological sizes on the anodization voltages (100–450 V) and anodic alumina pore diameters (40–150 nm) were established. The features of ion transfer in the process of niobium local anodizing were investigated and the transport numbers of electrolyte anions and niobium cations were calculated. The formation and growth mechanism was proposed and discussed. The phase composition and electrophysical properties of the column nanostructures were investigated.
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11

Gastón-García, B., E. García-Lecina, J. A. Díez, M. Belenguer, and C. Müller. "Local Burning Phenomena in Sulfuric Acid Anodizing: Analysis of Porous Anodic Alumina Layers on AA1050." Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 13, no. 11 (2010): C33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3478482.

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12

Curioni, M., M. Saenz de Miera, P. Skeldon, G. E. Thompson, and J. Ferguson. "Macroscopic and Local Filming Behavior of AA2024 T3 Aluminum Alloy during Anodizing in Sulfuric Acid Electrolyte." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 155, no. 8 (2008): C387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2931522.

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13

Aerts, Tim, Iris De Graeve, and Herman Terryn. "Study of initiation and development of local burning phenomena during anodizing of aluminium under controlled convection." Electrochimica Acta 54, no. 2 (December 2008): 270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2008.08.004.

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14

Matsumoto, Toshiyuki, and Masatoshi Sakairi. "Local anodizing of aluminum with a solution flow-type micro-droplet cell and fabrication of through-hole-type porous alumina." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 68, no. 8 (August 25, 2018): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.68.401.

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15

Akiyama, Y., T. Kikuchi, M. Ueda, M. Iida, M. Sakairi, and H. Takahashi. "Local deposition of polypyrrole on aluminum by anodizing, laser irradiation, and electrolytic polymerization and its application to the fabrication of micro-actuators." Electrochimica Acta 51, no. 23 (June 2006): 4834–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2005.12.049.

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16

Lin, Jin Shyong, Shih Hsun Chen, Ker Jer Huang, Chien Wan Hun, and Chien Chon Chen. "Challenges to Fabricate Large Size-Controllable Submicron-Structured Anodic-Aluminum-Oxide Film." Atlas Journal of Materials Science 2, no. 2 (June 14, 2017): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5147/ajms.v2i2.126.

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Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is well known for its unique controllable structure and functional contributions in research and developments. However, before AAO can be widely used in the industry, some engineering problems should be overcome. In this study, we designed a novel electrochemical mold, which can resolve the exothermal problem for large-size aluminum sheets during high-voltage anodization process. AAO film with a large sample size of 11 x 11 cm2 in area, 148 μm in thickness and 450 nm in average pore diameter, decorated with ordered-pattern structure, was successfully obtained through a 200 V anodization process. It was noticed that the local heat was generated with increasing the anodizing voltage, resulting in undesired pits and burr defects on the AAO surface. In order to retain AAO’s quality and reduce the producing cost of the anodization process, a mass producing system combining with an overhead conveyor was proposed. The convenient anodization system, novel electrochemical mold and bath may help to fabricate high-quality AAO films efficiently.
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17

Fraoucene, Henia, Djedjiga Hatem, Florence Vacandio, and Marcel Pasquinelli. "Morphology and Electronic Properties of TiO2 Nanotubes Arrays Synthesized by Electrochemical Method." Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia 9, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210681208666180411154247.

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Background: A nano-tubular structure of Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was obtained using an electrochemical process based on the anodization of titanium foil in an organic electrolyte prepared with ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH) containing Ammonium fluorides (NH4F) and ultrapure water under different anodization voltage. The morphological characteristics showed the formation of TiO2 nanotubes with different geometrical parameters. The electronic properties of the TiO2 NTs films were measured by the Mott-Schottky (MS) plots, indicating a positive slope for all graphs implying the n-type semiconductor nature of the TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2 NTs). The donor density (Nd) and the flat band potential (Efb) increases slightly with increase the anodization voltage. Methods: Prior the anodization, the titanium (Ti) foils were cut into square shape (2.25 cm2) with a selected work area of 0.6 cm2. The samples were subjected to a final polishing using a rotating felt pad (01 &µm) impregnated with alumina until a metallic mirror surface was obtained. The Ti foils were degreased by sonication in acetone, methanol and 2-Propanol for 10 minutes respectively, rinsed with ultrapure water and dried in a stream of compressed air. To form a TiO2 NTs, electrochemical anodization process was carried out at room temperature in Ethylene Glycol (EG) solution containing 0.3 wt% Ammonium fluorides (NH4F) and 2wt % ultrapure water for three (03) hours at different anodization voltage (20, 40 and 60V). A two-electrode cell was used for all the anodization measurements, with a platinum plate as the counter electrode, separated from the working electrode (titanium foil) by 1.5 cm. Immediately after anodization, the samples were soaked in ultrapure water to remove residual electrolyte for 10 minutes and then dried in an oven at 50 °C for 10 minutes. Results: TiO2 NTs grown from anodization of Ti foil in fluoride EG solution for 3h by varying the anodization voltage. The micrographic analysis shows a strong influence of the anodizing voltage on the morphology and geometrical parameters of the TiO2 NTs. Non homogenous NTs morphology was observed at 20 V with the presence of corrugations along the walls of the tubes. A perfect and regular nanotublar structure with smooth’s walls tubes was obtained at an anodization voltage of 60V. Moreover, the increase of anodization voltage leads to an increase in both the diameter and the length of tubes. In fact, the inner diameter and the length of the tubes (Di and L) values increase with increasing potential, being around (39 nm and 2 &µm) respectively at 20 V and (106 nm and 16,1 &µm) at 60 V. The measured electronic properties of TiO2 NTs indicating the n type semiconducting nature. It is remarkable that the donor density Nd increases toward higher values by increasing the anodizing voltage until 40V. However, for an anodization at 60V, the Nd has a small decrease value (7, 03 * 1019 cm-3) indicating a diminution of defects present in the material. Also, by increasing the anodizing voltage, Efb takes increasingly more positive values. In fact, the Efb values are – 0.12, 0.05 and 0.15 V for films prepared at 20, 40 and 60 V respectively. Therefore, this behavior can be attributed to a displacement of the Fermi level toward the conduction band edge which leads to a larger band bending at the interface. Conclusion: By varying the anodization voltage, titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) were grown using electrochemical anodization of titanium foil in fluoride ethylene glycol solution for 3 hours. The morphology of the TiO2 NTs obtained was considerably affected; the anodizing potential determines the migration of ions in electrolyte during anodization process and simultaneously the tube diameter. An average small a nanotube diameter around 39 nm was obtained for 20V corresponding to 106 nm average diameter for TiO2 NTs structure synthesized at 60V. Furthermore, the semiconductor properties of the TiO2 NTs films have also been modified with increased values while increasing the anodization voltage. This behavior was attributed that the TiO2 NTs structure is more disordered, having much more defects provide abundant local donor energy levels which increases conductivity and decrease the probability of recombination of electrons and holes in these films, that can be integrated as active layer in the solar cells, in particular the Gratzel cells.
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18

Mrzljak, Selim, Maik Trautmann, Guntram Wagner, and Frank Walther. "Influence of Aluminum Surface Treatment on Tensile and Fatigue Behavior of Thermoplastic-Based Hybrid Laminates." Materials 13, no. 14 (July 10, 2020): 3080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13143080.

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Hybrid laminates consist of layers of different materials, which determine the mechanical properties of the laminate itself. Furthermore, the structure and interfacial properties between the layers play a key role regarding the performance under load and therefore need to be investigated in respect to industrial applicability. In this regard, a hybrid laminate comprised of AA6082 aluminum alloy sheets and glass and carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (polyamide 6) is investigated in this study with a focus on the influence of aluminum surface treatment application on tensile and fatigue behavior. Four different aluminum surface treatments are discussed (adhesion promoter, mechanical blasting, phosphating, and anodizing), which were characterized by Laser Scanning Microscopy. After the thermal consolidation of the hybrid laminate under defined pressure, double notch shear tests and tensile tests were performed and correlated to determine the resulting interfacial strength between the aluminum sheet surface and the fiber-reinforced plastic, and its impact on tensile performance. To investigate the performance of the laminate under fatigue load in LCF and HCF regimes, a short-time procedure was applied consisting of resource-efficient instrumented multiple and constant amplitude tests. Digital image correlation, thermography, and hysteresis measurement methods were utilized to gain information about the aluminum surface treatment influence on fatigue damage initiation and development. The results show that fatigue-induced damage initiation, development, and mechanisms differ significantly depending on the applied aluminum surface treatment. The used measurement technologies proved to be suitable for this application and enabled correlations in between, showing that the hybrid laminates damage state, in particular regarding the interfacial bonding of the layers, can be monitored not just through visual recordings of local strain and temperature development, but also through stress-displacement hysteresis analysis.
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19

Le Dinh, Vi, A. Yu Klutsky, A. A. Dolbik, A. A. Leshok, and S. K. Lazarouk. "INFLUENCE OF ANODIC ALUMINA USED AS SEPARATING DIELECTRIC OF SILICON AVALANCHE LEDs ON DIODE CHARACTERISTICS." Doklady BGUIR, no. 7-8 (December 29, 2019): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2019-126-8-165-172.

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A study of the influence of the formation regimes of avalanche LEDs based on nanostructured silicon on the parameters of the formed devices, such as the light emission voltage and the stability of operation has been performed. These parameters are an important factor for the practical use of avalanche LEDs in the development of silicon photonics products, the progress of which is associated with the future of integrated electronics. For the first time, the technological operation of local through electrochemical anodizing of aluminum in various electrolytes for the formation of a separating dielectric of Schottky contacts is presented. The influence of the built-in electric charge in the separation dielectric of silicon avalanche LEDs on their current-voltage characteristics is studied. It was found that the built-in negative electric charge increases the breakdown voltage of the Schottky contact, which results in an increase of the light emission efficiency of the diode structures. An explanation of this effect is presented on the basis that the built-in negative electric charge inside the anode oxide also creates a space charge region in silicon, which helps to reduce the effect of the concentration of field lines at the edges of diode structures, performing the function of protecting the Schottky contact from edge effects as well as protective areas do. It has been established that the highest avalanche breakdown voltage is observed in diode structures with anodic oxide formed in an electrolyte based on an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid. An analysis of the characteristics of LEDs at different temperatures of silicon substrates showed an increase of breakdown voltage with increasing temperature, which is typical for avalanche breakdown during impact ionization. Stable light emission of the formed LEDs was demonstrated in a wide range of operating voltages (8–16 V). The use of silicon avalanche LEDs both as discrete devices and in integrated electronics in general has been discussed.
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20

"Intermolecular exchange in a triarylborane-phosphine complex: a multinuclear magnetic resonance study." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Physical and Engineering Sciences 348, no. 1687 (August 15, 1994): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1994.0092.

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A novel procedure is described for incorporating layers of alumina, contaminated with species derived from the electrolyte, e.g. molybdenum species, within anodic films, for application in the study of mobility and growth mechanisms of anodic barrier films on aluminium. Use of these mobile tracers shows that anodic alumina, developed at a high current efficiency, forms at the metal/film and film/electrolyte interfaces with no significant formation within the film bulk. The outward mobility of incorporated molybdenum species, the tracer, was found to be unchanged throughout the film regions. Indeed, the movements of the various species during anodizing are fully accounted for by use of their usual transport numbers. Occasional anomalous behaviour is observed locally during film growth at and in the vicinity of flaws, probably owing to local current concentration at the flaw site, and when chromium-containing layers are used as tracers. In the latter situation, voids and cracks are revealed in the contaminated alumina, possibly arising from the development of a crystalline alumina containing incorporated chromium species.
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