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Phelan, Thomas, Jean Dunne, Niall Conlon, Clíona Ní Cheallaigh, W. Mark Abbott, Raquel Faba-Rodriguez, Fatima Amanat, et al. "Dynamic Assay for Profiling Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Their ACE2/Spike RBD Neutralization Capacity." Viruses 13, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13071371.
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Serological assays have been widely employed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to measure antibody responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to track seroconversion in populations. However, currently available assays do not allow determination of neutralization capacity within the assay protocol. Furthermore, commercial serology assays have a high buy-in cost that is inaccessible for many research groups. We have replicated the serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibody isotypes, developed at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York. Additionally, we have modified the protocol to include a neutralization assay with only a minor modification to this protocol. We used this assay to screen local COVID-19 patient sera (n = 91) and pre-COVID-19 control sera (n = 103), and obtained approximate parity with approved commercial anti-nucleoprotein-based assays with these sera. Furthermore, data from our neutralization assay closely aligns with that generated using a spike-based pseudovirus infection model when a subset of patient sera was analyzed.
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Celebi-Toprak, F., J. R. Thompson, K. L. Perry, and M. Fuchs. "Arabis mosaic virus in Grapevines in New York State." Plant Disease 97, no. 6 (June 2013): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-12-0862-pdn.
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In a limited survey of commercial vineyards and a germplasm repository in Ontario County, NY, 20 vines of Vitis sp. were tested in fall and spring 2010 to 2012 for viruses using a double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA and macroarray with oligonucleotide probes for grapevine viruses ((3) and unpublished). The plants selected for analysis included those showing atypical growth including leaf deformation, yellowing, cupping or spotting, vein clearing, shortening of internodes, and reduced vigor. Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV; genus Nepovirus, family Secoviridae) was detected in leaf tissue and wood scrapings in two vines using the DAS-ELISA with antibodies from Bioreba (Reinach, Switzerland). The ArMV positive vines were from Vitis hybrid cultivars Noah and Geisenheim 26. ArMV was also detected in these two vines using the macroarray, with hybridization observed to 24 of 32 oligonucleotide probes specific to this virus. To confirm the identification of the virus, total RNAs were extracted from leaf tissues, hybridized with random hexamers, and reverse-transcribed using MMLV reverse transcriptase (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY). Complementary DNAs were amplified by PCR using an IQ supermix (BioRad, Hercules, CA), and two sets of generic primers for nepoviruses (1,4). Thermocycler conditions were 94°C 5 min (1×); 94°C 30 s, 50°C 30 s, and 69°C 2 min (35×), and 72°C for 5 min. The PCR products were sequenced directly. Sequences from the 340-bp products obtained from cultivars Geisenheim 26 (GenBank Accession No. HE984333) and Noah (HE984334) using the Wei et al. primers (4) had 76 to 84% sequence identity to ArMV RNA1 GenBank accessions GQ369528 and AY303786. Sequences from the 301-bp products obtained from cultivars Geisenheim 26 (HE984335) and Noah (HE984336) using the Digiaro et al. primers (1) had 87 to 91% sequence identity to ArMV RNA2 GenBank accessions AY017339 and X81814. ArMV was mechanically transmitted from Geisenheim 26 to Nicotiana tabacum cultivar Xanthi NN. Inoculation gave rise to necrotic local lesions on the inoculated leaves of five plants in each of two experiments (10 of 10 plants total). The presence of ArMV in tobacco was confirmed by DAS-ELISA. Thus, the presence of ArMV in New York grapevines has been confirmed by the detection of the coat protein antigen, virus specific oligonucleotide probes, and the sequencing of portions of both genomic RNAs. There are limited reports of ArMV in North America and in grapevine in particular (2), but with a wide host range and seed and nematode transmissibility, ArMV has the ability to become more widespread among grapevine and other crops. References: (1) M. Digiaro, et al. J. Virol. Methods 141:34, 2007. (2) B. N. Milkus et al. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 50:56, 1999. (3) J. Thompson et al. J. Virol. Methods 183:161, 2012. (4) T. Wei et al. J. Virol. Methods 153:16, 2008.
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Lo, Brian K., Sarah Megiel, Evelyn Liu, Sara C. Folta, Meredith L. Graham, and Rebecca A. Seguin. "Associations between frequency of food shopping at different food sources and fruit and vegetable intake among rural residents in upstate New York, USA." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 13 (May 31, 2019): 2472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019000843.
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AbstractObjective:To examine the frequency of shopping at different food sources and the associations between shopping at different food sources and fruit and vegetable (FV) intake among upstate New York rural residents.Design:Cross-sectional study. Descriptive statistics and linear mixed models were used.Setting:Eighty-two rural communities in upstate New York, USA.Participants:Adults (n 465; 82·3 % female, mean age 51·5 years, mean BMI 31·7 kg/m2).Results:Within one’s community, the majority of participants reported often going to supermarkets (73·1 %). Many participants sometimes or occasionally shopped at superstores (48·0 %), convenience stores (57·9 %), small grocery stores or local markets (57·2 %), farmers’ markets or FV stores (66·6 %), dollar stores (51·5 %), pharmacies (46·0 %), or farm stands or community-supported agriculture (56·8 %). Most participants had never utilized food banks or food pantries (94·0 %), community gardens (92·7 %) or home food delivery (91·9 %). While frequent visits to farmers’ markets or farm stands were associated with higher fruit intake (P < 0·001), frequent visits to food co-ops or food hubs were associated with lower fruit intake (P = 0·004). Frequent visits to convenience stores (P = 0·002) and dollar stores (P = 0·004) were associated with lower vegetable intake. When FV intakes were combined, frequent visits to farmers’ markets or farm stands (P < 0·001) were associated with higher FV intake, and frequent visits to convenience stores (P = 0·005) were associated with lower FV intake.Conclusions:Findings from the present study provide important insight for informing future food environment interventions related to helping rural residents consume adequate FV.
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Susaimuthu, J., B. O. Agindotan, L. A. Miller, and K. L. Perry. "Potato aucuba mosaic virus in Potato in New York State." Plant Disease 91, no. 9 (September 2007): 1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-9-1202a.
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Solanum tuberosum cv. Elmer's Blue is one of a number of heritage potato accessions maintained at Cornell University that exhibit virus-like symptoms of stunting and a leaf yellowing or a mottle mosaic. Testing of this cultivar by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA revealed that it was infected with Potato virus S (PVS) but none of the other common potato viruses screened for in North American potato certification programs (3). Mechanical inoculation of sap from potato cv. Elmer's Blue onto Nicotiana debneyii, N. megalosiphon, N. occidentalis, and N. tabacum produced a range of yellowing and mosaic symptoms (symptomless on N. tabacum), indicating the presence of a transmissible agent, but all these hosts tested negative for PVS. To identify possible viruses, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays involving generic primers for different groups of viruses were performed on the potato and the Nicotiana spp. Degenerate primers specific to members of the genus Potexvirus (4) amplified a 600-bp region from the symptomatic potato and N. debneyii. Nucleotide sequencing of the RT-PCR amplified product from potato cv. Elmer's Blue (Genbank Accession No. EF609120) and comparisons with GenBank sequences revealed the amplified sequence as having 91% identity with the genomic sequence of Potato aucuba mosaic virus (PAMV; Accession No. S73580). The presence of this virus in potato cv. Elmer's Blue and N. debneyii was confirmed by PAMV-specific antibodies (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN) in a DAS-ELISA format. PAMV is reported to occur worldwide, but uncommonly, with most descriptive work from Europe (2). While this virus has been studied in North America (1,2), these reports employed virus stocks from Europe under experimental conditions or virus in tubers obtained directly from Europe; to our knowledge, there are no unambiguous reports of PAMV in naturally infected North American potato cultivars. By contrast, the PAMV-infected cultivar in this report is a selection originally from a Canadian grower, and although not grown commercially, it is maintained in garden and field plots in New York and other states. References: (1) R. H. Bagnall. Phytopathology 50:460, 1960. (2) G. F. Kollmer and R. H. Larson. Res. Bull. Agric. Exp. Stn. Univ. Wis. 223:1, 1960. (3) S. A. Slack. Page 61 in: Potato Health Management. The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, MN, 1993. (4) R. A. A. van der Vlugt and M. Berendsen. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 108:367, 2002.
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Arkaraprasertkul, Non. "Review of Global Cities, Local Streets: Everyday Diversity from New York to Shanghai." Journal of World-Systems Research 24, no. 1 (March 22, 2018): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2018.795.
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Minh, Pham Thi, Bui Thi Tuyet, Tran Thi Thu Thao, and Le Thi Thu Hang. "Application of ensemble Kalman filter in WRF model to forecast rainfall on monsoon onset period in South Vietnam." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 40, no. 4 (September 18, 2018): 367–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/40/4/13134.
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This paper presents some results of rainfall forecast in the monsoon onset period in South Vietnam, with the use of ensemble Kalman filter to assimilate observation data into the initial field of the model. The study of rainfall forecasts are experimented at the time of Southern monsoon outbreaks for 3 years (2005, 2008 and 2009), corresponding to 18 cases. In each case, there are five trials, including satellite wind data assimilation, upper-air sounding data assimilation, mixed data (satellite wind+upper-air sounding data) assimilation and two controlled trials (one single predictive test and one multi-physical ensemble prediction), which is equivalent to 85 forecasts for one trial. Based on the statistical evaluation of 36 samples (18 meteorological stations and 18 trials), the results show that Kalman filter assimilates satellite wind data to forecast well rainfall at 48 hours and 72 hours ranges. With 24 hour forecasting period, upper-air sounding data assimilation and mixed data assimilation experiments predicted better rainfall than non-assimilation tests. The results of the assessment based on the phase prediction indicators also show that the ensemble Kalman filter assimilating satellite wind data and mixed data sets improve the rain forecasting capability of the model at 48 hours and 72 hour ranges, while the upper-air sounding data assimilation test produces satisfactory results at the 72 hour forecast range, and the multi-physical ensemble test predicted good rainfall at 24 hour and 48 hour forecasts. The results of this research initially lead to a new research approach, Kalman Filter Application that assimilates the existing observation data into input data of the model that can improve the quality of rainfall forecast in Southern Vietnam and overall country in general.References Bui Minh Tuan, Nguyen Minh Truong, 2013. 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Soc., 131C, 3269-3289.Hunt B.R., Kostelich E., Szunyogh I., 2007. Efficient data assimilation for spatiotemporal chaos: a local ensemble transform Kalman filter. Physica D., 230, 112-126.Kalnay E., 2003. Atmospheric modeling, data assimilation and predictability. Cambridge University Press, 181.Kalnay et al., 2008. A local ensemble transform Kalman filter data assimilation system for the NCEP global model. Tellus A, 60(1), 113-130.Kato T., Aranami K., 2009. Formation Factors of 2004 Niigata-Fukushima and Fukui Heavy Rainfalls and Problems in the Predictions using a Cloud-Resolving Model. SOLA. 10, doi:10.2151/sola.Kieu C.Q., 2010. Estimation of Model Error in the Kalman Filter by Perturbed Forcing. VNU Journal of Science, Natural Sciences and Technology, 26(3S), 310-316.Kieu C.Q., 2011. Overview of the Ensemble Kalman Filter and Its Application to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. VNU Journal of Science, Natural Sciences and Technology, 27(1S), 17-28.Kieu C.Q., Truong N.M., Mai H.T., and Ngo Duc T., 2012. Sensitivity of the Track and Intensity Forecasts of Typhoon Megi (2010) to Satellite-Derived Atmosphere Motion Vectors with the Ensenble Kalman filter. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 29, 1794-1810.Kieu Thi Xin, 2005. Study on large-scale rainfall forecast by modern technology for flood prevention in Vietnam. State-level independent scientific and technological briefing report, 121-151.Kieu Thi Xin, Vu Thanh Hang, Le Duc, Nguyen Manh Linh, 2013. Climate simulation in Vietnam using regional climate nonhydrostatic NHRCM and hydrostatic RegCM models. Vietnam National University, Hanoi. Journal of Natural sciences and technology, 29(2S), 243-25.Krishnamurti T.N., Bounoa L., 1996. An introduction to numerical weather prediction techniques. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FA.Lau K.M., Yang S., 1997. Climatology and interannual variability of the Southeast Asian summer monsoon. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 14,141-162.Li C., Qu X., 1999. Characteristics of Atmospheric Circulation Associated with Summer monsoon onset in the South China Sea. Onset and Evolution of the South China Sea Monsoon and Its Interaction with the Ocean. Ding Yihui, and Li Chongyin, Eds, Chinese Meteorological Press, Beijing, 200-209.Lin N., Smith J.A., Villarini G., Marchok T.P., Baeck M.L., 2010. Modeling Extreme Rainfall, Winds,and Surge from Hurricane Isabel, 25. Doi: 10.1175/2010WAF2222349.Lu J., Zhang Q., Tao S., and Ju J., 2006. The onset and advance of the Asian summer monsoon. Chinese Science Bulletin, 51(1), 80-88.Matsumoto J., 1997. Seasonal transition of summer rainy season over Indochina and adjacent monsoon region. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 14, 231-245.Miyoshi T., and Kunii M., 2012. The Local Ensenble Transform Kalman Filter with the Weather Rearch and Forecasting Model: Experiments with Real Observation. Pure Appl. Geophysic, 169(3), 321-333. Miyoshi T., Yamane S., 2007. Local ensemble transform Kalman filtering with an AGCM at a T159/L48 resolution. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 3841-3861.Nguyen Khanh Van, Tong Phuc Tuan, Vuong Van Vu, Nguyen Manh Ha, 2013. The heavy rain differences based on topo-geographical analyse at Coastal Central Region, from Thanh Hoa to Khanh Hoa. J. Sciences of the Earth, 35, 301-309.Nguyen Minh Truong, Bui Minh Tuan, 2013. A case study on summer monsoon onset prediction for southern Vietnam in 2012 using the RAMS model. VNU Journal of Science, 29(1S), 179-186.Phillips N.A., 1960b. Numerical weather prediction. Adv. Computers, 1, 43-91, Kalnay 2004.Phillips N., 1960a. On the problem of the initial data for the primitive equations, Tellus, 12, 121126.Phuong Nguyen Duc, 2013. Experiment on combinatorial Kalman filtering method for WRF model to forecast heavy rain in central region in Vietnam. 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Hoepting, C. A., H. F. Schwartz, and H. R. Pappu. "First Report of Iris yellow spot virus on Onion in New York." Plant Disease 91, no. 3 (March 2007): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-3-0327a.
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Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV [family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus]), a potentially devastating disease of onion vectored by onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman), has been reported from most states in the western United States where significant onion production occurs, with the most recent report from Texas (1). In June 2006, volunteer onion (Allium cepa) plants in Orleans County, New York (Elba muckland) were found to have symptoms indicative of IYSV infection. The scapes (seed stalks) of the volunteer onions found at the edge of a cull pile from a 2005 onion crop exhibited diamond-shaped lesions, each with a distinct green center and a double yellow border. Approximately 25 of 100 plants of red and yellow onion cultivars exhibited characteristic IYSV lesions. The cull pile was composed primarily of locally grown onions, although a few of the bulbs were grown from imported bare-root transplants imported from Arizona. Symptomatic plants tested positive for IYSV using IYSV-specific antiserum from Agdia Inc. (Elkhart, IN) in a double-antibody sandwich-ELISA. The presence of IYSV was verified by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using primers derived from the small RNA of IYSV (S-RNA). The primers flanked the IYSV nucleocapsid (N) gene (5′-TAA AAC AAA CAT TCA AAC AA-3′ and 5′-CTC TTA AAC ACA TTT AAC AAG CAC-3′ (3). RT-PCR assays produced a PCR amplicon of expected size (approximately 1.2 kb) and the product was cloned and sequenced. Nucleotide sequence analysis confirmed the identity of the amplicon as that of the IYSV S-RNA. Sequence comparisons showed 95 to 98% identity with known IYSV N gene sequences available in GenBank. The virus is poorly transmitted to onion by mechanical inoculation and we did not have access to a noninfested colony of the onion thrips vector to transfer the virus from these samples to noninfected onions. No asymptomatic plants were tested. Among the onion-growing states in the eastern United States, IYSV has previously only been reported from Georgia (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of IYSV in New York and the greater northeastern United States. The finding of this disease in New York confirms further spread of the virus within North America and the need for research to develop more effective management options to reduce the impact of IYSV on onion crops. References: (1) M. Miller et al. Plant Dis. 90:1359, 2006. (2) S. W. Mullis et al. Plant Dis. 90:377, 2006. (3) H. R. Pappu et al. Arch. Virol. 151:1015, 2006.
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Joshi, Amishi B., David R. Vann, Arthur H. Johnson, and Eric K. Miller. "Nitrogen availability and forest productivity along a climosequence on Whiteface Mountain, New York." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 1880–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-105.
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We studied broadleaf and needle-leaf forests along an elevation gradient (6001200 m) at Whiteface Mountain, New York, to determine relationships among temperature, mineral N availability, and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and controls on the latter two variables. We measured net N mineralization during the growing season, annual litterfall quantity and quality, aboveground woody biomass accumulation, and soil organic matter quality. Inorganic N deposition from cloudwater markedly increases mineral N availability above 1000 m in this region. Consequently, mineral N availability across the climosequence remains relatively constant because N mineralization decreases with increasing elevation. Across this climosequence, air temperature (as growing season degree-days) exerted the most control on ANPP. Nitrogen mineralization was most strongly related to soil growing season degree-days and less so to lignin to N ratios in litter. ANPP was correlated with N mineralization but not with mineral N availability. Combining our data with those from similar studies in other boreal and cool temperate forests shows that N mineralization and ANPP are correlated at local, regional, and interbiome scales. Regarding the persistent question concerning cause and effect in the N mineralization forest productivity relationship, our data provide evidence that at least in this case, forest productivity is a control on N mineralization.
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Bedard, Brenden, Melissa Pennise, Anita C. Weimer, and Byron S. Kennedy. "Magnitude of Giardia cases among refugees, adoptees and immigrants in Monroe County, New York, 2003-2013." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 12, no. 3 (September 12, 2016): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-05-2015-0019.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the morbidity of Giardia in Monroe County, New York attributed to refugees, foreign adoptees and immigrants, and to examine factors related to asymptomatic Giardia infection. Design/methodology/approach A retrospective epidemiological analysis was conducted of Giardia case investigations submitted to the New York State Department of Health on the Communicable Disease Electronic Surveillance System, between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2013 from Monroe County Department of Public Health. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess odds for asymptomatic Giardia. Findings Of the 1,221 Giardia cases reported in Monroe County during that time, 38 percent (n=467) were refugees, 6 percent (n=77) were foreign adoptees and 1.4 percent (n=17) were immigrants. In total, 95 percent of the refugees and 89 percent of the adoptees/immigrants were asymptomatic, compared to 15 percent of the non-refugee/adoptee/immigrant cases. Unadjusted odds for asymptomatic infection were 113.4 (95 percent CI: 70.6-183.7) for refugees, and 45.6 (95 percent CI: 22.9-91) for adoptees/immigrants. Originality/value This study demonstrates the importance of routine screening for Giardia during refugees’ initial health assessment.
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Chen, Po-Ning, Mu-Tao Wang, and Shing-Tung Yau. "Quasi-local energy in presence of gravitational radiation." International Journal of Modern Physics D 25, no. 13 (November 2016): 1645001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271816450012.
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We discuss our recent work [P.-N. Chen, M.-T. Wang and S.-T. Yau, Quasi-local mass in the gravitational perturbations of black holes, to appear.] in which gravitational radiation was studied by evaluating the Wang–Yau quasi-local mass of surfaces of fixed size at the infinity of both axial and polar perturbations of the Schwarzschild spacetime, à la Chandrasekhar. [S. Chandrasekhar, The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes, Oxford Classic Texts in the Physical Sciences (Oxford University Press, New York, 1998).]
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CATON, H. "Manufacture of evil: Ethics, evolution and the industrial system by Lionel Tiger. New York: Harper & Row, 1987, 345 pp." Journal of Social and Biological Systems 14, no. 1 (1991): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-1750(91)90034-n.
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Butler, Julet, and Panos Vostanis. "Characteristics of referrals to a mental health service for young people in care." Psychiatric Bulletin 22, no. 2 (February 1998): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.22.2.85.
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This paper describes the characteristics of referrals to a new direct access child mental health service for young people in the care of the local authority, during the first six months (n=32). Consistent problems emerged within four areas: their histories within the care service (n=18, 56% had had at least one more previous placement); their individual experiences of abuse (n=23, 72%) and the lack of mental health support provided to redress this; their overall poor educational status; and the psychopathology evident at the time of referral (n=29, 91% had ICD–10 diagnoses, mainly mixed depressive conduct disorders).
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Morrisson, A. "Flow injection atomic spectroscopy J. L. Burguera (editor), Dekker, New York, 1989. Pages xii + 353. $125 (U.S.A. and Canada), $150 (elsewhere)." Talanta 38, no. 7 (July 1991): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(91)80217-n.
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Curry, Laurel, Carol L. Schmitt, Amy Henes, Christina Ortega-Peluso, and Haven Battles. "How Low-Income Smokers in New York Access Cheaper Cigarettes." American Journal of Health Promotion 33, no. 4 (October 9, 2018): 558–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117118805060.
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Purpose: To understand the tobacco acquisition practices of low-income smokers in New York State in light of high cigarette prices due to high cigarette taxes. Design: Eight focus groups with low-income smokers were conducted in spring 2015 and 2016 (n = 74). Setting: New York City (NYC) and Buffalo, New York. Participants: Low-income adults aged 18 to 65 who smoke cigarettes regularly. Method: Qualitative analysis of focus group transcripts that explored differences and similarities by region. We used the interview guide—which covered the process of acquiring cigarettes and the impact of cigarette prices—as a framework for analysis to generate themes and subthemes (deductive coding). We also generated themes and subthemes that emerged during focus group discussions (inductive coding). Results: Some smokers in Western New York have switched to untaxed cigarettes from Native American reservations, whereas low-income smokers in NYC described convenient sources of bootlegged cigarettes (packs or loosies) in their local neighborhood stores, through acquaintances, or on the street. Familiarity with the retailer was key to accessing bootlegged cigarettes from retailers. Conclusions: Smokers in this study could access cheaper cigarettes, which discouraged quit attempts and allowed them to continue smoking. The availability of lower priced cigarettes may attenuate public health efforts aimed at reducing smoking prevalence through price and tax increases.
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Sibileva, A. Yu. "MUNICIPAL DISTRICT — A NEW TYPE OF MUNICIPALITY: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT REFORM." Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Juridical science 6 (72), no. 2 (2020): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1733-2020-6-2-86-91.
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The article discusses the amendments made to the Federal Law of 06.10.2003 N 131-ФЗ «On General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation» by the Federal Law No. 87-FZ of 05.01.2020 «On Amendments to the Federal Law» On General Principles of Organization local government in the Russian Federation ”. The paper analyzes the feasibility of reforming the territorial organization of local self-government at the present stage, in particular, the introduction of such a new type of municipal entity as the municipal district, considers the prerequisites for enlarging municipalities. As a result of the analysis of the arguments used by the initiators of the reform, an attempt was made to formulate the advantages of a new approach to the organization of local self-government, to identify the main problems of organizing the territories of municipalities that are emerging at the present stage, and also suggest ways to solve them.
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Farley, Shannon M., Julia Sisti, John Jasek, and Kevin R. J. Schroth. "Flavored Tobacco Sales Prohibition (2009) and Noncigarette Tobacco Products in Retail Stores (2017), New York City." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 5 (May 2020): 725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305561.
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Objectives. To assess explicit- (products clearly labeled flavored) and emergent concept- (products implying flavoring but not clearly labeled) flavored tobacco product availability following New York City’s flavor restriction. Methods. We examined explicit- and concept-flavored tobacco product availability, with 2017 New York City Retailer Advertising of Tobacco Survey data (n = 1557 retailers). We assessed associations between block group–level demographic characteristics and product availability by using logistic regression. Results. Most retailers sold explicit-flavored (70.9%) or concept-flavored (69.3%) products. The proportion of non-Hispanic Black neighborhood residents predicted explicit- and concept-flavored product availability, as did having a high school within a retailer’s block group for concept-flavored products. Conclusions. Explicit- and concept-flavored other tobacco products persisted throughout New York City, despite 2009 legislation restricting sales. Public Health Implications. Making local sales restrictions or federal production bans inclusive of all explicit and concept flavors would reduce retailer and industry evasion opportunities and protect the health of youths and others.
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Lebas, B. S. M., F. M. Ochoa-Corona, Z. J. Tang, R. Thangavel, D. R. Elliott, and B. J. R. Alexander. "First Report of Spinach latent virus in Tomato in New Zealand." Plant Disease 91, no. 2 (February 2007): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-2-0228a.
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A Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) plant from a commercial property in New Zealand was submitted to the Investigation and Diagnostic Centre for diagnosis in 2003. Fruits had faint yellow ringspots but no obvious symptoms were observed on leaves. No virus particles were observed from tomato and symptomatic herbaceous plants crude sap preparations. Mechanically inoculated Nicotiana clevelandii and N glutinosa developed systemic chlorosis, whereas pinpoint necrotic local lesions were observed on Chenopodium amaranticolor. Chlorotic local lesions were also observed on C. quinoa followed by systemic necrosis. No symptoms were observed on Cucumis sativus, Gomphrena globosa, N. benthamiana, N. sylvestris, or N. tabacum cv. White Burley. Total RNA was extracted from N. glutinosa and C. quinoa leaf samples using the Qiagen (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA) Plant RNeasy Kit. Reverse transcription (RT) was carried out by using random hexamer primers and SuperScript II reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen, Frederick, MD) followed with PCR using broad-detection primers targeting the genera Carmovirus, Dianthovirus, Ilarvirus, Tospovirus, (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN) and Tombusvirus (2). A positive RT-PCR amplification was obtained only with Ilarvirus primers. The 450-bp product (GenBank Accession No. DQ457000) from the replicase gene had a 97.4% nt and 98.6% aa identity with Spinach latent virus (SpLV; Accession No. NC_003808). An RT-PCR protocol was developed for the specific detection of SpLV. Primers were designed from three SpLV RNA sequences (RNA1: NC_003808; RNA2: NC_003809; RNA3: NC_003810) using the Primer3 software (3). Primers SpLV-RNA1-F (5′-TGTGGATTGGTGGTTGGA-3′) and SpLV-RNA1-R (5′-CTTGCTTGAGGAGAGATGTTG-3′) anneal to the replicase gene from nt 1720 to 2441. Primers SpLV-RNA2-F (5′-GAACCACCGAAACCGAAA-3′) and SpLV-RNA2-R (5′-CCACCTCAACACCAGTCATAG-3′) bind to the polymerase gene from nt 603 to 1038. Primers SpLV-RNA3-F (5′-GCCTTCATCTTTGCCTTTG-3′) and SpLV-RNA3-R (5′-CATTTCATCTGCGGTGGT-3′) amplify the movement protein gene from nt 724 to 936. The predicted amplified product sizes were 722, 436, and 213 bp from RNA1, RNA2, and RNA3, respectively. RT was carried out as described above. PCR was performed in a 20-μl reaction containing 2 μl cDNA, 1× Taq reaction buffer, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 0.2 mM dNTPs, 0.2 μM of forward and reverse primers, and 1 U Taq polymerase (Promega, Madison, WI). The PCR amplification cycle was identical for the three primer pairs: denaturation (95°C for 3 min) followed by 37 cycles of 95°C (20 s), 60°C (30 s), and 72°C (30 s) with a final elongation step (72°C for 3 min). The amplified products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis, stained with SYBR Green, and their identities confirmed by sequencing. The tomato sample was grown from seed imported from the Netherlands where SpLV occurs (4). The virus is of potential importance for the tomato industry because of its symptomless infection and high frequency of seed transmission in many plant species (1,4). SpLV has never been detected in other submitted tomato samples. Consequently, SpLV is not considered to be established in New Zealand. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SpLV in tomato. References: (1) L. Bos et al. Neth. J. Plant Pathol. 86:79, 1980. (2) R. Koeing et al. Arch. Virol. 149:1733, 2004. (3) S. Rozen and H. Skaletsky. Page 365 in: Bioinformatics Methods and Protocols. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 2000. (4) Z. Stefenac and M. Wrischer. Acta Bot. Croat. 42:1, 1983.
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Prigoff, Jake, Grace Hillyer, Fletcher Bell, and Melissa Kate Accordino. "Effects of COVID-19 on an academic breast oncology center in New York City." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 29_suppl (October 10, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.29_suppl.51.
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51 Background: The influx of patients to the healthcare system due to COVID-19 impacted healthcare practices including the care of breast cancer patients. Our aim is to describe the impact this pandemic had on breast cancer care delivery at an academic center in NYC to inform policy and procedure for future crises that limit patient access to on-site facilities. Methods: A survey was sent to physicians involved in the care of patients with breast cancer at Columbia University Irving Medical Center in May 2020. Participants were asked about practice structure and changes to breast cancer care. The primary outcome was the degree that providers believed breast oncology patients’ clinical outcomes were significantly impacted by COVID-19. Secondary outcomes included changes in diagnostic and management approaches and advice for future providers faced with a similar pandemic. Results: The response rate was 65.4% (17/26). This included physicians from medical oncology (n = 7), radiology (n = 4), breast surgery (n = 3), radiation oncology (n = 2), and plastic surgery (n = 1). Seventy-six percent of physicians somewhat agreed, agreed, or strongly agreed that oncologic outcomes may be significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Nearly half (47%) of respondents reported delays in the workup of patients due to COVID-19 with 50.0% for mammograms, 47.5% for bone scans, 46.0% for ultrasounds, 43.8% for PET scans, and 43.3% for biopsies. Eighty-two percent reported delays in overall oncologic management. Delays to systemic therapy were: intravenous/targeted therapy (37.9%), intramuscular/subcutaneous endocrine therapy (28.3%), oral chemotherapy/targeted therapy (22.9%), and oral endocrine therapy (12.8%). Delays to local therapy were: surgery (64.4%) and radiation therapy (44.6%). Almost two-thirds (64.7%) reported it necessary to use alternative oncologic management strategies. The most common piece of advice our providers offered was to increase testing capacity to all patients, especially when coming to a healthcare facility. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused major disruption to breast cancer practices. Breast oncology physicians reported delays in management in over 80% of patients, and the need to use alternative management strategies in over 60% of patients. Effects of these disruptions on oncologic outcomes are unknown, but over 75% of our physicians believe this will significantly impact breast oncology patients’ outcomes. There's a need for policies and procedures to structure patient care should there be a future crisis that limits patient access to oncologic care.
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Sharma, Rahul K., Maeher R. Grewal, Sallie M. Long, Brendon DiDonna, Joshua Sturm, Susannah E. Hills, and Scott H. Troob. "Tracheostomy Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 at a New York City Hospital." OTO Open 6, no. 2 (April 2022): 2473974X2211010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473974x221101025.
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Objective Tracheostomies have been performed in patients with prolonged intubation due to COVID-19. Understanding outcomes in different populations is crucial to tackle future epidemics. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary academic medical center in New York City. Methods A prospectively collected database of patients with COVID-19 undergoing open tracheostomy between March 2020 and April 2020 was reviewed. Primary endpoints were weaning from the ventilator and from sedation and time to decannulation. Results Sixty-six patients underwent tracheostomy. There were 42 males (64%) with an average age of 62 years (range, 23-91). Patients were intubated for a median time of 26 days prior to tracheostomy (interquartile range [IQR], 23-30). The median time to weaning from ventilatory support after tracheostomy was 18 days (IQR, 10-29). Of those sedated at the time of tracheostomy, the median time to discontinuation of sedation was 5 days (IQR, 3-9). Of patients who survived, 39 (69%) were decannulated. Of those decannulated before discharge (n = 39), the median time to decannulation was 36 days (IQR, 27-49) following tracheostomy. The median time from ventilator liberation to decannulation was 14 days (IQR, 8-22). Thirteen patients (20.0%) had minor bleeding requiring packing. Two patients (3%) had bleeding requiring neck exploration. The all-cause mortality rate was 10.6%. No patients died of procedural causes, and no surgeons acquired COVID-19. Conclusion Open tracheostomies were successfully and safely performed at our institution in the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of patients were successfully weaned from the ventilator and sedation. Approximately 60% of patients were decannulated prior to hospital discharge.
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Perz, Joseph F., and Sylvie M. Le Blancq. "Cryptosporidium parvum Infection Involving Novel Genotypes in Wildlife from Lower New York State." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 1154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.3.1154-1162.2001.
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ABSTRACT Cryptosporidium, an enteric parasite of humans and a wide range of other mammals, presents numerous challenges to the supply of safe drinking water. We performed a wildlife survey, focusing on white-tailed deer and small mammals, to assess whether they may serve as environmental sources of Cryptosporidium. A PCR-based approach that permitted genetic characterization via sequence analysis was applied to wildlife fecal samples (n = 111) collected from September 1996 to July 1998 from three areas in lower New York State. Southern analysis revealed 22 fecal samples containingCryptosporidium small-subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA; these included 10 of 91 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) samples, 3 of 5 chipmunk (Tamias striatus) samples, 1 of 2 white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) samples, 1 of 2 striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) samples, 1 of 5 racoon (Procyon lotor) samples, and 6 of 6 muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) samples. All of the 15 SSU PCR products sequenced were characterized asCryptosporidium parvum; two were identical to genotype 2 (bovine), whereas the remainder belonged to two novel SSU sequence groups, designated genotypes 3 and 4. Genotype 3 comprised four deer-derived sequences, whereas genotype 4 included nine sequences from deer, mouse, chipmunk, and muskrat samples. PCR analysis was performed on the SSU-positive fecal samples for three otherCryptosporidium loci (dihydrofolate reductase, polythreonine-rich protein, and beta-tubulin), and 8 of 10 cloned PCR products were consistent with C. parvum genotype 2. These data provide evidence that there is sylvatic transmission of C. parvum involving deer and other small mammals. This study affirmed the importance of wildlife as potential sources ofCryptosporidium in the catchments of public water supplies.
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Hu, Lu, Chau Trinh-Shevrin, Nadia Islam, Bei Wu, Shimin Cao, Jincong Freeman, and Mary Ann Sevick. "Mobile Device Ownership, Current Use, and Interest in Mobile Health Interventions Among Low-Income Older Chinese Immigrants With Type 2 Diabetes: Cross-sectional Survey Study." JMIR Aging 5, no. 1 (February 2, 2022): e27355. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/27355.
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Background Chinese immigrants suffer a disproportionately high type 2 diabetes (T2D) burden and tend to have poorly controlled disease. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions have been shown to increase access to care and improve chronic disease management in minority populations. However, such interventions have not been developed for or tested in Chinese immigrants with T2D. Objective This study aims to examine mobile device ownership, current use, and interest in mHealth interventions among Chinese immigrants with T2D. Methods In a cross-sectional survey, Chinese immigrants with T2D were recruited from Chinese community centers in New York City. Sociodemographic characteristics, mobile device ownership, current use of social media software applications, current use of technology for health-related purposes, and interest in using mHealth for T2D management were assessed. Surveys were administered face-to-face by bilingual study staff in the participant’s preferred language. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the study sample and summarize technology use. Results The sample (N=91) was predominantly female (n=57, 63%), married (n=68, 75%), and had a high school education or less (n=58, 64%); most participants had an annual household income of less than US $25,000 (n=63, 69%) and had limited English proficiency (n=78, 86%). The sample had a mean age of 70 (SD 11) years. Almost all (90/91, 99%) participants had a mobile device (eg, basic cell phones, smart devices), and the majority (n=83, 91%) reported owning a smart device (eg, smartphone or tablet). WeChat was the most commonly used social media platform (65/91, 71%). When asked about their top source for diabetes-related information, 63 of the 91 participants (69%) reported health care providers, followed by 13 who reported the internet (14%), and 10 who reported family, friends, and coworkers (11%). Less than one-quarter (21/91, 23%) of the sample reported using the internet to search for diabetes-related information in the past 12 months. About one-third of the sample (34/91, 37%) reported that they had watched a health-related video on their cell phone or computer in the past 12 months. The majority (69/91, 76%) of participants reported interest in receiving an mHealth intervention in the future to help with T2D management. Conclusions Despite high mobile device ownership, the current use of technology for health-related issues remained low in older Chinese immigrants with T2D. Given the strong interest in future mHealth interventions and high levels of social media use (eg, WeChat), future studies should consider how to leverage these existing low-cost platforms and deliver tailored mHealth interventions to this fast-growing minority group.
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Raj, S. K., S. Kumar, D. Pratap, R. Vishnoi, and S. K. Snehi. "Natural Occurrence of Cucumber mosaic virus on Rauvolfia serpentina, A New Record." Plant Disease 91, no. 3 (March 2007): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-3-0322c.
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Rauvolfia serpentina, family Apocynaceae, is widely cultivated in India and adjoining countries for the production of roots used in several herbal formulations (1). Severe mosaic and stunting of the whole plant was observed on R. serpentina growing in experimental plots of NBRI, Lucknow, in 2006. The causal pathogen was transmitted by sap inoculation on Nicotiana tabacum cv. White Burley, N. rustica, and N. glutinosa, which produced necrotic local lesions and systemic mosaic. The virus reacted positively with antiserum of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV; PVAS 242a, ATCC, Manassas, VA) in gel double diffusion tests, indicating the presence of CMV. Total RNA was isolated from infected and healthy leaf tissues of R. serpentina, and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was performed using CMV specific primers AM180922/AM180923. RT-PCR resulted in an expected size (~650 bp) amplicon in infected but not healthy samples. The amplicon was cloned, sequenced, and the data was submitted to GenBank (Accession No. DQ914877). BLAST search analysis of the virus isolate showed highest (99%) sequence identity with CMV isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. DQ640743, AF350450, X89652, and AF281864). The virus isolate showed a close phylogenetic relationship with Indian isolates of CMV belonging to subgroup IB. A literature survey revealed that there is no report of occurrence of any virus on R. serpentina except some fungal infections (2). To our knowledge, this is the first record of natural occurrence of CMV on R. serpentina. References: (1) Anonymous. Wealth of India 8:376, 1969. (2) R. S. Shukla et al. EPPO Bull. 36:11, 2006.
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Ward, Neil. "Partnerships in Rural Regeneration." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 17, no. 3 (August 2002): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690940210140679.
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Westholm, E., Moseley, M. and Stenlås, N. (eds) 1999: LOCAL PARNERSHIPS AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPE: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF PRACTICE AND THEORY Cheltenham: Countryside and Community Research Unit, University of Gloucestershire, ISBN 91 88790 62 6, £17.99 paper, 245pp. Esparcia, J., Moseley, M. and Noguera, J. (eds) 2000: EXPLORING RURAL DEVELOPMENT PARNERSHIPS IN EUROPE: AN ANALYSIS OF 330 LOCAL PARTNERSHIPS ACROSS EIGHT EU COUNTRIES Cheltenham: Countryside and Community Research Unit, University of Gloucestershire, ISBN 84 370 4445 6, £17.99 paper, 285pp. Cacazzani, A. and Moseley, M. (eds) 2001: THE PRACTICE OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT PARNERSHIPS IN EUROPE: 24 CASE STUDIES IN SIX EUROPEAN COUNTRIES Cheltenham: Countryside and Community Research Unit, University of Gloucestershire, ISBN 88 498 0106 8, £17.99 paper, 398pp. Moseley, M. and Cherrett, T. 2001: RURAL DEVELOPMENT PARNERSHIPS: GUIDELINES FOR GOOD PRACTICE IN THE UK Cheltenham: Countryside and Community Research Unit, University of Gloucestershire, no ISBN, £5.00 paperback pamphlet, 18pp. Local Employment Policies Campbell, M. and Meadows, P. 2001: WHAT WORKS LOCALLY? KEY LESSONS ON LOCAL EMPLOYMENT POLICIES, WORK AND OPPORTUNITY SERIES NO 24 York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation, ISBN 1 84263 004 0, £10.95 paper, 43 pages. Local exchange trading systems Meier, D. 2001: TAUSCHRINGE ALS BESONDERE BEWERTUNGSSYSTEME IN DER SCHATTENWIRTSCHAFT: EINE THEORETISCHE UND EMPIRISCHE ANALYSE. (LOCAL EXCHANGE TRADING SYSTEMS AS PARTICULAR SYSTEMS OF VALUATION IN THE SHADOW ECONOMY: A THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS) Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, ISBN 3 428 10210 X, 69 Euro paper, 273 pages.
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Landing, Ed, Christopher R. Barnes, and Robert K. Stevens. "Tempo of earliest Ordovician graptolite faunal succession: conodont-based correlations from the Tremadocian of Quebec." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 1928–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e86-180.
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Successive Tremadocian planktic dendroid graptolite assemblages from continental slope sequences in Quebec can be correlated with North American platform biozonations on the basis of conodonts. Anisograptid-bearing (Assemblage 2), middle Tremadocian "Matane faunas" are associated with Early Ordovician Rossodus manitouensis Zone (new designation) conodonts. Younger middle Tremadocian faunas with adelograptids (Assemblage 3) are no younger than the Rossodus manitouensis Zone. Key dendroid evolutionary–immigration events take place within the lower conodont Fauna B interval. Rooted dendroids near Cap des Rosiers, Quebec, and in eastern New York State occur with lower Fauna B conodonts and the trilobites Pareuloma and Borthaspidella. However, the earliest Tremadocian (and earliest Ordovician) dendroid immigration event, represented by the local lowest occurrence of faunas with Dictyonema flabelliforme s.l. at localities in western Newfoundland, eastern New York State, Norway, and eastern China, also lies within the lower Fauna B interval. Finally, the lowest occurrence of key Assemblage 2 dendroid taxa falls within the lower Fauna B interval at the latter localities.The Rossodus manitouensis Zone is proposed as a new designation for a biostratigraphic unit that is appropriate for North American marginal and open shelf sequences. This zone is approximately equivalent to the "Loxodus bransoni Interval" of other authors and is characterized by Fauna C conodonts. Newly described taxa include Rossodus? highgatensis n. sp., Scolopodus? praecornuformis n. sp., and Variabiloconus n. gen.
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Rajagopalan, Saranathan, Wendy Szymczak, William Jacobs, Daniel Behin, Debra Pan, and Michael Levi. "2165. Helicobacter pylori Infections in the Bronx, New York: Whole-Genome Sequencing for Rapid Genotypic Susceptibility Testing." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S734—S735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1845.
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Abstract Background Susceptibility-guided treatment of H. pylori is superior to empiric therapy. We determined the accuracy of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) compared with phenotypic testing using CLSI/EUCAST breakpoints. Methods Thirty-three clinical isolates of H. pylori cultured from gastric biopsies were sequenced with a coverage range between 40x and 80x using Illumina Miseq platform and the reads were assembled and annotated with PATRIC. Phenotypic susceptibility tests were performed using E-test strips under microaerophilic conditions for 72 hours. Mutations associated with amoxicillin, tetracycline, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, metronidazole and rifampin resistance were examined. Results Of the 33 isolates, two were phenotypically resistant to amoxicillin: one carried a β-lactamase gene (blaTEM-116) and the other exhibited a point mutation pbp2 (A541T). All isolates were tetracycline susceptible phenotypically, but three isolates had point mutations in 16S rRNA that are associated with resistance (A926G). Clarithromycin results showed a good correlation between methods. Nine clarithromycin-resistant isolates demonstrated point mutations in 23S rRNA (A2142G/A2143G). Fifteen isolates were phenotypically resistant to levofloxacin, but resistance mutations were found in only 14 strains (N87I/N87K/D91Y/D91N/D91G/D99N in gyrA). We analyzed our strains for the presence of intact genes rdxA and frxA, either of which convert the prodrug form of metronidazole into the active form. Twenty-four of 33 isolates were tested phenotypically. We found 3 isolates with truncations in both genes. These isolates had metronidazole MICs >256. The presence of one or both intact genes did not always result in low MICs, indicating that there may be significant point mutations that contribute to resistance. Rifampin was not tested phenotypically, but no mutations in rpoB were found. In summary, the correlation of WGS and phenotypic testing was 100% for amoxicillin and clarithromycin, 97% for levofloxacin, 91% for tetracycline (n = 33), and 67% for metronidazole (n = 24). Conclusion WGS provides a detailed analysis of H. pylori resistance and a broader analysis of antimicrobials that may be of clinical value. Additional studies are needed for genotypic prediction of metronidazole resistance. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Smith, A. "Mass Spectrometry of Biological Materials C. N. McEwen and B. S. Larsen (eds.), Dekker, New York, 1990. Pages xiii + 515. $125.00 (U.S. and Canada), $150.00 (elsewhere)." Talanta 38, no. 4 (April 1991): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(91)80088-h.
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Jack, Darby, Kathryn Neckerman, Ofira Schwartz-Soicher, Gina S. Lovasi, James Quinn, Catherine Richards, Michael Bader, et al. "Socio-economic status, neighbourhood food environments and consumption of fruits and vegetables in New York City." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 7 (February 7, 2013): 1197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012005642.
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AbstractObjectiveRecommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption are largely unmet. Lower socio-economic status (SES), neighbourhood poverty and poor access to retail outlets selling healthy foods are thought to predict lower consumption. The objective of the present study was to assess the interrelationships between these risk factors as predictors of fruit and vegetable consumption.DesignCross-sectional multilevel analyses of data on fruit and vegetable consumption, socio-demographic characteristics, neighbourhood poverty and access to healthy retail food outlets.SettingSurvey data from the 2002 and 2004 New York City Community Health Survey, linked by residential zip code to neighbourhood data.SubjectsAdult survey respondents (n 15 634).ResultsOverall 9·9 % of respondents reported eating ≥5 servings of fruits or vegetables in the day prior to the survey. The odds of eating ≥5 servings increased with higher income among women and with higher educational attainment among men and women. Compared with women having less than a high-school education, the OR was 1·12 (95 % CI 0·82, 1·55) for high-school graduates, 1·95 (95 % CI 1·43, 2·66) for those with some college education and 2·13 (95 % CI 1·56, 2·91) for college graduates. The association between education and fruit and vegetable consumption was significantly stronger for women living in lower- v. higher-poverty zip codes (P for interaction < 0·05). The density of healthy food outlets did not predict consumption of fruits or vegetables.ConclusionsHigher SES is associated with higher consumption of produce, an association that, in women, is stronger for those residing in lower-poverty neighbourhoods.
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Kang, Ki-Eun, and George C. Homsy. "Make Me a Better Offer: Developer Threats and Regional Competition for Land Development Projects." Economic Development Quarterly 34, no. 1 (December 29, 2019): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891242419897124.
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To extract favorable terms from local governments, developers can take advantage of intermunicipal competition and threaten to relocate or abandon a land development project. Some say that model of regional competition undercuts the economic, environmental, and societal benefits of development while others claim it boosts the efficiency of municipal operations. The authors examine the likelihood that land developers will push local governments to compete against each other for projects. Their study of New York municipalities ( N = 306) finds that one third of local governments have been threatened and that one third of those reacted by reducing burdens or increasing incentives for developers. Their logistic regression model reveals that more cooperative intermunicipal relations across a region decrease the chances of developers threatening to move projects. Interestingly, the model suggests that public participation increases the chances of a threat.
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CUNNINGHAMJR, E. "Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry of the hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone synthesizing systemBy Liposits Z, Progress in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, Vol. 21, No. 2, Gustav Fischer Verlag, New York, 1990. 99 pages, U.S. $69.00." Psychoneuroendocrinology 16, no. 4 (1991): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4530(91)90024-n.
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Li, Lianjiang. "Taxation without Representation in Contemporary Rural China. By Thomas P. Bernstein and Xiaobo Lü. [Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. xviii+282 pp. £50.00; $70.00. ISBN 0-521-81318-2.]." China Quarterly 177 (March 2004): 216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741004220124.
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Bernstein and Lü present a powerful argument that the problem of “peasant burdens” cannot be resolved unless rural taxpayers are included as fully-fledged polity members whose interests are represented in both policy making and policy implementation. They do so by addressing two important puzzles. In chapters two to four, the authors examine the paradoxical combination of light central taxation and onerous local extraction that has haunted rural China for centuries. They attribute this problem to two major institutional tensions. One is that Chinese peasants remain essentially subjects without political rights vis-à-vis the state (p. 38); the other is that subordinates in the bureaucracy have no right to disagree and negotiate with their superiors (pp. 41–42, 91–95). The authors show that these long-standing facts of life induce local officials to increase levies and taxes while the central state works hard but often fruitlessly to contain these same burdens (p. 90, pp. 109–114). In the end, all three parties involved in rural taxation lose out. The centre suffers because the public loses confidence in its ability to control local officials (pp. 51–56); local officials see their popular support drain away when they try to meet their “unfunded mandates,” such as compulsory basic education (p. 56, p. 88); peasants, especially the poorer ones, lose most, as they not only lose a substantial portion of their income but are also often bullied or subjected to physical force by enforcers of unlawful extraction (pp. 60–61; 78–80).
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FULLER, R. "Stress. Neurochemical and humoral mechanisms. Volume 1Edited by G.R. Van Loon, R. Kvetnansky, R. McCarty and J. Axelrod. ISBN 2-88124-339-8. Price: $180.00. Gordon & Breach Science, New York, 1989." Neurochemistry International 18, no. 1 (1991): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-0186(91)90050-n.
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Hashmi, Sultan S. "Shy/Silent Users of Contraceptives in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 35, no. 4II (December 1, 1996): 705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v35i4iipp.705-717.
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Based on the data of three national surveys, 1984-85 Pakistan Contraceptive Prevalence Survey (PCPS), 1990-91 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS), and 1994-95 Pakistan Contraceptive Prevalence Survey (PCPS), the hypothesis of shy/silent users is tested. These surveys were undertaken with the collaboration of the Westing House, IRD/Macro International and Local Office in Islamabad of the Population Council, New York respectively. The concept of shy/silent users is defined as those respondents who, at the time of interview, did not divulge that they were users of contraceptive methods or traditional ways of preventing conception or birth due to cultural reasons. All three surveys show substantial numbers of shy/silent users. If these numbers are included, the Current Prevalence Rate (CPR) of each survey rises significantly. But the CPR inspite of including shy users, is still far lower than most developing and neighbouring countries.
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Ness, SallyAnne L., Gereon Schares, Jeanine Peters-Kennedy, Linda D. Mittel, Jitender P. Dubey, Dwight D. Bowman, Hussni O. Mohammed, and Thomas J. Divers. "Serological diagnosis of Besnoitia bennetti infection in donkeys (Equus asinus)." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 26, no. 6 (September 16, 2014): 778–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638714550180.
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Besnoitiosis is an emerging infectious disease of donkeys ( Equus asinus) in the United States for which there are currently no serologic methods of diagnosis. A study was performed to evaluate physical examination findings and 3 serologic assays for the detection of Besnoitia bennetti infection in donkeys. A prospective study of 416 donkeys from 6 privately owned herds across 5 U.S. states (New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Oregon, and Washington) was performed. Donkeys were examined for clinical lesions suggestive of besnoitiosis and evaluated for antibodies against B. bennetti using a fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and 2 immunoblot assays specific for bradyzoite and tachyzoite antigens, respectively. Donkeys were confirmed to be infected with B. bennetti by histology (cases; n = 32) and were compared to those with no clinical signs of besnoitiosis (controls; n = 384). Identifying clinical lesions in 2 or more locations correctly identified infected donkeys 83% of the time. Donkeys with besnoitiosis had significantly higher FAT titers ( P < 0.001) and numbers of bradyzoite ( P < 0.001) and tachyzoite ( P < 0.001) immunoblot bands than control donkeys. The sensitivity and specificity of the serologic assays for detecting besnoitiosis was 88% and 96% for FAT, 81% and 91% for bradyzoite immunoblot, and 91% and 92% for tachyzoite immunoblot, respectively. Fluorescent antibody and immunoblot assays are effective at identifying donkeys with besnoitiosis and provide a more efficient and less invasive diagnostic alternative to histology.
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Riffe, Daniel, Seoyeon Kim, and Meghan R. Sobel. "News Borrowing Revisited: A 50-Year Perspective." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 95, no. 4 (February 2, 2018): 909–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077699018754909.
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Analyzing 50 years’ of New York Times international news coverage ( N = 20,765), this study extends research on the “shrinking international news hole,” levels of press freedom, agent (e.g., Times correspondent), and “borrowed” news—information gleaned from local media, including social media. Data show a recent, growing role for social media and an increase in news borrowing, while foreign coverage declined; slight resurgence in foreign coverage during the last quarter-century; reduced wire copy use but increased correspondent news borrowing; and increased coverage of but decreased news borrowing in news from non-free nations. Borrowing from social media was greatest in non-free nations.
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Chapman, Kathryn P., Lydia Ross, and Sherman Dorn. "Opting Out in the Empire State: A Geographic Analysis of Opting Out in New York, Spring 2015 & 2016." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 122, no. 2 (February 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146812012200206.
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Background Recently, states have experienced widely varying participation in annual assessments, with the opt-out movement concentrated in New York State and Colorado. Geographic variation between and within states suggests that the diffusion of opting out is multilayered and an appropriate phenomenon to explore geographic dimensions of social movements in education. Purpose The study analyzes the geographic patterns of opting out from state assessments in school districts in New York State. Research Design We conducted linear regression and geographically weighted regression on district-level proportions of third- through eighth-grade students in local public school districts for 2015 and 2016 (n = 623), excluding New York City and charter schools. Independent variables included the district-level proportion of students with disabilities, identified as English Language Learners, and identified as White; census-based small-area child poverty estimates for the districts; and the geographic population density of the district. Linear regressions excluded racial and ethnic dummy variables to reduce collinearity problems, and geographically weighted regression limited geographically varying coefficients to child poverty and population density based on preliminary analyses. Findings The unweighted ordinary least squares (OLS) of district-level opting out in both spring 2015 and spring 2016 are weakly predictive as a whole (adjusted R2 < .20). In both years, population density was a statistically significant but low-magnitude predictor of change in opt-out behavior using OLS. The proportion of students with Individualized Education Plans was positively associated with opt-out behavior, and district-level child poverty was negatively associated with opt-out behavior. The proportion of White students was a statistically significant positive predictor of opt-out behavior in spring 2015 but not statistically significant for 2016, though with a coefficient in the same direction (positive). Analyzing the same data with geographically weighted regression more than doubled the adjusted R2 for each year and demonstrated that there were areas of New York State where the coefficients associated with child poverty and population density reversed direction, with suburban Long Island and the western upstate region as areas with a magnified negative association between district-level child poverty and opting-out percentages. Conclusions In the past five years, social networks have enabled the long-distance organizing of social and political movements in education, including opting-out and teacher walkouts. However, the long-distance transmission of ideas does not explain intrastate variations. In this study, geographically weighted regression revealed the local variations in relationships between opting-out and two key variables. Local networks still matter critically to social organizing around education.
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Vadla, May Sissel, Paschal Mdoe, Robert Moshiro, Ingunn Anda Haug, Øystein Gomo, Jan Terje Kvaløy, Bjørg Oftedal, and Hege Ersdal. "Neonatal Resuscitation Skill-Training Using a New Neonatal Simulator, Facilitated by Local Motivators: Two-Year Prospective Observational Study of 9000 Trainings." Children 9, no. 2 (January 20, 2022): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9020134.
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Globally, intrapartum-related complications account for approximately 2 million perinatal deaths annually. Adequate skills in neonatal resuscitation are required to reduce perinatal mortality. NeoNatalie Live is a newborn simulator providing immediate feedback, originally designed to accomplish Helping Babies Breathe training in low-resource settings. The objectives of this study were to describe changes in staff participation, skill-training frequency, and simulated ventilation quality before and after the introduction of “local motivators” in a rural Tanzanian hospital with 4000–5000 deliveries annually. Midwives (n = 15–27) were encouraged to perform in situ low-dose high-frequency simulation skill-training using NeoNatalie Live from September 2016 through to August 2018. Frequency and quality of trainings were automatically recorded in the simulator. The number of skill-trainings increased from 688 (12 months) to 8451 (11 months) after the introduction of local motivators in October 2017. Staff participation increased from 43% to 74% of the midwives. The quality of training performance, measured as “well done” feedback, increased from 75% to 91%. We conclude that training frequency, participation, and performance increased after introduction of dedicated motivators. In addition, the immediate constructive feedback features of the simulator may have influenced motivation and training quality performance.
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Tang, J., G. R. G. Clover, and B. J. R. Alexander. "First Report of Apium virus Y in Celery in New Zealand." Plant Disease 91, no. 12 (December 2007): 1682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-12-1682c.
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Apium virus Y (ApVY) has been detected for the first time in New Zealand. In January 2006, leaf mosaic and vein-banding symptoms were observed on cultivated celery (Apium graveolens cv. Tongo) in Wanganui, New Zealand. Symptoms were widespread and seen in several paddocks. Similar symptoms were also observed in poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), a weed commonly found growing along the edges of the crop. Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa plants inoculated with leaf sap from a single, symptomatic celery or hemlock plant developed necrotic local spots after 9 and 12 days, respectively. Six Nicotiana spp. did not develop symptoms and were not tested further. Electron microscopy of sap from the celery, hemlock, and C. quinoa plants revealed the presence of elongated flexuous virus particles, 650 to 850 nm long. Symptomatic plants of these three species were tested for ApVY by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using novel forward (5′-ATGATGCGTGGTTTGAAGG-3′) and reverse (5′-CTTGGTGCGTGAGTTCTTG-3′) primers specific to the coat protein gene (GenBank Accession No. AF203529). Amplicons of the expected size (approximately 425 bp) were obtained from all samples, and an amplicon from celery was sequenced (GenBank Accession No. EU127499). Comparison with ApVY sequences in GenBank confirmed the identity of the product, which had 97 to 99% nucleotide identity with GenBank Accession Nos. AF 203529, AF207594, and AY049716. The effect of ApVY on celery is unknown. ApVY has recently been described and infects three species of Apiaceae in Australia (2). In this study, diseased celery, but not the hemlock plants, were found to be coinfected with Celery mosaic virus (CeMV) by enzyme-linked immunsorbent assays with CeMV-specific antibodies (Loewe Biochemica GmbH, Sauerlach, Germany). Therefore, the symptoms observed in celery may be induced by ApVY or CeMV. CeMV is a serious disease of celery in New Zealand (1) and CeMV symptoms may mask the presence of ApVY. References: (1) P. R. Fry and C. H. Procter. N. Z. Commer. Grower 24:23, 1968. (2) J. Moran et al. Arch. Virol. 147:1855, 2002.
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Chen, Yunsong, Fei Yan, and Yi Zhang. "Local name, global fame: The international visibility of Chinese cities in modern times." Urban Studies 54, no. 11 (May 11, 2016): 2652–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016646674.
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How is a city’s international visibility historically formed? Applying a novel approach based on the Google Books N-gram corpus, we conducted the first empirical study to examine the pattern of and factors shaping the accumulation of international visibility by 294 major Chinese cities between the years of 1700 and 2000. We analyse the usage frequency of city names in Google English-language books to capture the international visibility of these major Chinese cities, and the appearance of these city names in the New York Times to capture media quotation over a definable number of years. Further, we performed the Granger causality test to see if media coverage helps to predict international visibility. The findings of this study demonstrate that the global fame of cities in mainland China is influenced by their exposure in media communications with the rest of the world. However, this media effect is not statistically significant for several former colonial cities, which are more likely to attain global fame through economic exchange in the global market.
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Ishii, H., J. Furuse, T. Kinoshita, K. Nakachi, E. Suzuki, M. Yoshino, M. Konishi, T. Nakagohri, S. Takahashi, and N. Gotohda. "Proposal of a new staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma based on the treatment strategy: An analysis of 1,084 patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 4137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.4137.
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4137 Background: Although several prognostic models have been proposed for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), they are not useful for conducting treatment strategy. Methods: Between July 1992 and May 2005, consecutive 1084 patients (pts) with naïve HCC were treated in our hospital. Based on our treatment strategy, we set our own HCC stage as follows: stage 1; Child-Pugh A or B, N0M0, solitary tumor without vascular invasion (VI), stage 2; Child-Pugh A or B, N0M0, multiple tumors without VI, stage 3; Child-Pugh A or B, N0M0, solitary tumor with VI, stage 4A; Child-Pugh A or B, N0M0, multiple tumors with VI, stage 4B; Child-Pugh A or B, N1 or M1, any T, stage 4C; Child-Pugh C, any TNM. Generally, treatments for stage 4C, 4B, & 4A were observation, chemotherapy trials or aggressive local therapies in selected pts, & hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. For the pts with stage 1–3, the priority of treatment options was hepatectomy first, percutaneous ablation (PA) second, and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization third. PA was indicated for 3 or fewer HCC nodules without VI, of which the largest diameter were smaller than 3 cm. Treatment outcomes were retrospectively analyzed according to the above staging system. Results: The overall survival rate was 50% at 3 yrs, 33% at 5 yrs, 24% at 7 yrs & 13% at 10 yrs. The median survival in stage 1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B & 4C was 5.5 yrs (N = 444), 2.9 yrs (N = 397), 0.8 yr (N = 36), 0.5 yr (N = 109), 0.3 yr (N = 76) & 0.2 yr (N = 22), respectively. Most of the definitive local therapy (91% of 371 hepatectomies with curative intent & 99% of 191 PAs) were classified in stage 1 or 2. The prognosis was also well predicted by the other 6 staging systems (Okuda, AJCC, CLIP, JIS, Tokyo and BCLC). However, hepatectomy with curative intent & PA were distributed into a CLIP score of 0–5 & 0–3, respectively, & into a JIS score of 0–4 & 0–3, respectively. Conclusions: The present staging system was simple & predicted prognosis well. Although other scoring systems caused various heterogeneities (hepatic reserve & tumor status) in each score, our staging system consisted of homogenous hepatic reserve & simple tumor status, so it might be useful for conducting treatment plan. Validation study is warranted in other population. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Sood, Rishi K., Jin Yung Bae, Adrienne Sabety, Pui Ying Chan, and Caroline Heindrichs. "ActionHealthNYC: Effectiveness of a Health Care Access Program for the Uninsured, 2016–2017." American Journal of Public Health 111, no. 7 (July 2021): 1318–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306271.
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Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel health care access program (ActionHealthNYC) for uninsured immigrants. Methods. The evaluation was conducted as a randomized controlled trial in New York City from May 2016 through June 2017. Using baseline and follow-up survey data, we assessed health care access, patient experience, and health status. Results. At baseline, 25% of participants had a regular source of care; two thirds had visited a doctor in the past year and reported 2.5 visits in the past 12 months, on average. Nine to 12 months later, intervention participants were 1.2 times more likely to report having a primary care provider (58% vs 46%), were 1.2 times more likely to have seen a doctor in the past 9 months (91% vs 77%), and had 1.5 times more health care visits (4.1 vs 2.9) compared with control participants. Conclusions. ActionHealthNYC increased health care access among program participants. Public Health Implications. State and local policymakers should build on the progress that has been made over the last decade to expand and improve access to health care for uninsured immigrants.
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Keleş, Ruşen. "The periphery in the center: Some political features of Turkish urbanization." Ekistics and The New Habitat 70, no. 420/421 (August 1, 2003): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200370420/421288.
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The author taught at Ankara University; Faculty of Political Science for many years and served as Dean of the Faculty during 1971- 1975. He was also the Head of both the Ernst Reuter Center for Urban Studies and the Center for Environmental Studies in the same university. He is currently teaching at the Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus. Dr Keleę has published extensively on Comparative Urbanization, Theories of Local Government, Environmental Policies, and Urban Politics. His major publications include The Politics of Urbanization: Government and Growth in Modern Turkey (with Michael N. Danielson, New York, Holmes and Meier, 1985); The Urban Poverty in the Third World, Institute of Developing Economies, Tokyo, 1988; and Housing in the Middle East (with Hiromaso Kano), Institute of Developing Economies, Tokyo, 1986.
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CALIGARI, P. "Horticultural biotechnology. Plant biology series, vol 11 Editors A B Bennett and S D O'Neill (series editor N S Allen). Wiley-Liss, New York. May 1990. ISBN 0-471-56805-8. US$ 72.50." Cell Biology International Reports 15, no. 6 (June 1991): 539–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-1651(91)90123-z.
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Kim, Jien, Gunryeong Park, Miseung Kim, and Soyoung Park. "Cluster-Based Secure Aggregation for Federated Learning." Electronics 12, no. 4 (February 8, 2023): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040870.
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In order to protect each node’s local learning parameters from model inversion attacks, secure aggregation has become the essential technique for federated learning so that the federated learning server knows only the combined result of all local parameters. In this paper, we introduced a novel cluster-based secure aggregation model that effectively deals with dropout nodes while reducing communicational and computational overheads. Specifically, we considered a federated learning environment with heterogeneous devices deployed across the country. The computing power of each node and the amount of training data can be heterogeneous. Because of this, each node had a different local processing time, and the response time to the server is also different. To clearly determine the dropout nodes in this environment, our model clusters nodes with similar response times based on each node’s local processing time and location and then performs the aggregation on a pre-cluster basis. In addition, we propose a new practical additive sharing-based masking protocol to hide the actual local updates of nodes during aggregation. The new masking protocol makes it easy to remove the share of dropout nodes from the aggregation without using a (t, n) threshold scheme, and updates from dropout nodes are still secure even if they are delivered to the server after the dropout shares have been revealed. In addition, our model provides mask verification for reliable aggregation. Nodes can publicly verify the correctness and integrity of the masks received from others using a discrete logarithm problem before the aggregation. As a result, the proposed aggregation model is robust to dropout nodes and ensures the privacy of local updates if at least three honest nodes are alive in each cluster. Since the masking process is performed on a cluster basis, our model effectively reduces the overhead of generating and sharing the masking value. For an average cluster size C and a total number of nodes N, the computation and communication cost of each node is O(C), the computation cost of the server is O(N), and the communication cost is O(NC). We analyzed the security and efficiency of our protocol by simulating diverse dropout scenarios. The simulated results showed that our cluster-based secure aggregation outputs about a 91% learning accuracy regardless of dropout rate with four clusters for one hundred nodes.
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LEVIT, VADIM E., and EUGEN MANDRESCU. "VERY WELL-COVERED GRAPHS OF GIRTH AT LEAST FOUR AND LOCAL MAXIMUM STABLE SET GREEDOIDS." Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 03, no. 02 (June 2011): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793830911001115.
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A maximum stable set in a graph G is a stable set of maximum cardinality. S is a local maximum stable set of G, and we write S ∈ Ψ(G), if S is a maximum stable set of the subgraph induced by S ∪ N(S), where N(S) is the neighborhood of S. Nemhauser and Trotter Jr. [Vertex packings: structural properties and algorithms, Math. Program.8 (1975) 232–248], proved that any S ∈ Ψ(G) is a subset of a maximum stable set of G. In [Levit and Mandrescu, A new greedoid: the family of local maximum stable sets of a forest, Discrete Appl. Math.124 (2002) 91–101] we have shown that the family Ψ(T) of a forest T forms a greedoid on its vertex set. The cases where G is bipartite, triangle-free, well-covered, while Ψ(G) is a greedoid, were analyzed in [Levit and Mandrescu, Local maximum stable sets in bipartite graphs with uniquely restricted maximum matchings, Discrete Appl. Math.132 (2004) 163–174], [Levit and Mandrescu, Triangle-free graphs with uniquely restricted maximum matchings and their corresponding greedoids, Discrete Appl. Math.155 (2007) 2414–2425], [Levit and Mandrescu, Well-covered graphs and greedoids, Proc. 14th Computing: The Australasian Theory Symp. (CATS2008), Wollongong, NSW, Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology, Vol. 77 (2008) 89–94], respectively. In this paper we demonstrate that if G is a very well-covered graph of girth ≥4, then the family Ψ(G) is a greedoid if and only if G has a unique perfect matching.
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Cowman, Kelsie, Belinda Ostrowsky, Susan Seo, Victor Chen, Rachel Bartash, and Priya Nori. "Leveraging Local Expertise in Stewardship, Hospital Epidemiology and Public Health to Enrich Postgraduate Training in NYC." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s311—s312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.902.
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Background: New York City is a gateway for emerging pathogens and global threats. In 2013, faculty from Montefiore Medical Center and Memorial Sloan Kettering developed a free half-day workshop for postgraduate trainees in antimicrobial stewardship (AS), infection prevention (IP), hospital epidemiology, and public health. This annual workshop, sponsored by the Infectious Diseases Society of New York (IDSNY), incorporates case studies and expert panel discussions on timely topics such as Ebola, Candida auris, Clostridiodes difficile, measles, nosocomial influenza, drug shortages, and AS/IP “big data.” Methods: From 2013 through 2017, the workshop involved 10–15 interactive AS/IP cases with audience response questions and panel discussions. In 2018–2019, based on feedback, the format was revised to emphasize breakout sessions in which participants actively practiced AS/IP tools, (eg, medication utilization evaluations, epidemiologic curves, and performance improvement devices). Examples of 2018–2019 cases are shown in Figure 1. A pre- and postseminar paper survey was conducted yearly to understand baseline training in AS/IP, desire for future AS/IP careers, and self-reported effectiveness of the workshop. Results: Initially, the primary audience was NYC ID fellows. From 2018 onward, we opened enrollment to pharmacy residents. Approximately 45 NYC ID fellows were eligible for the course each year. Results from 2013 to 2016 surveys were reported previously (Fig. 2). There were 32 attendees in 2018, 42 in 2019. The survey response rate was 88% in 2018 and 95% in 2019, with 68 (92%) total participants. Most participants had received previous training in IP (82%) and AS (94%) (Fig. 3). Most participants reported that the program was a good supplement to their ID training (98%) and that case studies were an effective means of learning IP (100%) and AS (98%). Furthermore, 92% stated they would like additional AS/IP training, and many since 2013 have requested a full-day course. Self-reported interest in future involvement in AS/IP increased after the workshop: IP, 68%–83% (P =.04) and AS, 88%–91% (P = .61). Conclusions: Most trainees reported satisfaction with the workshop and case-study learning method; interest in future AS/IP careers increased after the seminar. We intend to explore Funding: to expand to a full-day program for all NYC postgraduate trainees and AS/IP junior faculty. As such, we hope to obtain the endorsement of professional societies such as SHEA. This workshop could address a crucial educational gap in AS/IP postgraduate training and help sustain our future workforce.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Glaser, Allison, Emma Kaplan-Lewis, Ana Ventuneac, Wyley Gates, Michael Cruz, Joaquin Aracena, Diane Tider, Bianca Duah, Judith Aberg, and Antonio Urbina. "860. Immediate Access to Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) Through a 24/7 New York City PEP Hotline." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S20—S21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy209.045.
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Abstract Background Oral post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is effective in preventing HIV transmission. To minimize barriers to PEP for New York City (NYC) residents, the Institute for Advanced Medicine (IAM), Mount Sinai Health System, and the NYC Department of Health and Mental Health established a 24-hour 7-days PEP hotline to provide eligible callers with immediate access to PEP and follow-up clinical care. Methods Data from hotline callers (January to December 2017) was analyzed utilizing multivariable logistic regression to determine whether a call resulted in PEP access within 72 hours of exposure by sociodemographic variables and exposure characteristics. We describe transitions from PEP to PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis). Results The PEP hotline cohort (n = 1278) was 83% male, 11% female, 1% transgender; 66% LGBTQ and 20% heterosexual; 35% White, 15% Black, 9% Asian; 41% other/unknown; 25% Hispanic; mean age of 30 years (range 14–72). The majority of callers learned about the hotline by Internet search (59%). Mean exposure time prior to call was 31 hours with 57% within 24 hours. Exposures were 98% sexual; 73% anal sex (43% receptive; 30% insertive), 21% vaginal, and 6% other. 63% reported condomless sex and 29% condom failure. 15% of callers reported a partner with HIV. 35% of callers reported alcohol or recreational substances at the time of the exposure. Prior PEP and PrEP use was 20% and 9%, respectively. 91% of callers were eligible for PEP; 69% called afterhours and received a telephone PEP prescription, and 27% called during business hours and were directed to a clinic. Access to PEP within 72 hours of exposure occurred in 1,081 (93%) of eligible callers and within 36 hours in 68%. 90% of callers had confirmed follow-up clinic appointments. Of the 472 callers linked to care at the IAM, 89 (19%) transitioned to PrEP. Conclusion This unique program demonstrates a timely initiative to facilitate PEP access to a diverse cohort with the purpose of mitigating risk from potential exposure to HIV. Further investigation is needed to explore adherence to PEP, follow-up testing results, transitions to PrEP for prevention planning, and coordination of health care and substance use services. Disclosures E. Kaplan-Lewis, Viiv: Consultant, Consulting fee. J. Aberg, Gilead: Research Contractor, Research support. GSK: Research Contractor, Research support. ViiV: Research Contractor, Research support. A. Urbina, Theratechnologies: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. ViiV: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. Merck: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee. Gilead: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee.
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LaMondia, J. A., and W. H. Elmer. "Occurrence of Meloidogyne spartinae on Spartina alterniflora in Connecticut and Massachusetts." Plant Disease 91, no. 3 (March 2007): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-3-0327c.
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Meloidogyne spartinae (Rau & Fassuliotis, 1965) was described from roots of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora Loisel) in Florida, Georgia, North and South Carolina, New Jersey, and New York (1,2). Affected plants were sampled in declining saltwater marshes at the Cape Cod National Seashore in Wellfleet, MA in May 2006 and Hammonassett State Park in Madison, CT in August 2006. Plants in adjacent, healthy stands were also sampled. Females, males, juveniles, and eggs of nematodes identified as M. spartinae were visible in roots stained with acid fuschin or were dissected from terminal galls at the root apex and from pockets in the root cortex where no galling was evident. The circular to ovoid terminal galls typically stopped root elongation. Morphological characteristics were used to identify this nematode as M. spartinae. Mature females in the root cortex were visible under a discolored lesion that appeared to result from a split in the cortex, probably from female expansion during development. Females were oval to lemon shaped with the neck protruding markedly to one side. Females also exhibited protruding perineal regions. In terminal galls, females were oriented toward the root tip; however, in the root cortex they were oriented either toward the root tip or toward the crown, with no obvious pattern. Egg masses were not observed and the eggs were deposited freely inside the gall or root cortex. Second-stage juveniles were long (730.3 μm, n = 60) with an elongate tail terminus. Males (2,203 μm, n = 40) were present in galls containing females. No morphological differences were observed between nematodes from the terminal galls or root cortex. M. spartinae was widespread in declining and adjacent healthy S. alterniflora. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. spartinae from Connecticut and Massachusetts and the first report of M. spartinae development within root cortical tissues without gall formation. The role of this nematode in the sudden wetland dieback phenomenon (3) is being investigated. References: (1) J. D. Eisenback and H. Hirschmann. Nematology 3:303, 2001. (2) G. J. Rau and G. Fassuliotis. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 32:159, 1965. (3) E. C. Webb and I. A Mendelssohn. Am. J. Bot. 83:1429, 1996.
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Janick, Herbert, Stephen S. Gosch, Donn C. Neal, Donald J. Mabry, Arthur Q. Larson, Elizabeth J. Wilcoxson, Paul E. Fuller, et al. "Book Reviews." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 14, no. 2 (May 5, 1989): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.14.2.85-104.
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Anthony Esler. The Human Venture. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1986. Volume I: The Great Enterprise, a World History to 1500. Pp. xii, 340. Volume II: The Globe Encompassed, A World History since 1500. Pp. xii, 399. Paper, $20.95 each. Review by Teddy J. Uldricks of the University of North Carolina at Asheville. H. Stuart Hughes and James Wilkinson. Contemporary Europe: A History. Englewood Clifffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1987. Sixth edition. Pp. xiii, 615. Cloth, $35.33. Review by Harry E. Wade of East Texas State University. Ellen K. Rothman. Hands and Hearts: A History of Courtship in America. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1987. Pp. xi, 370. Paper, $8.95. Review by Mary Jane Capozzoli of Warren County Community College. Bernard Lewis, ed. Islam: from the Prophet Muhammad to the Capture of Constantinople. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. Volume I: Politics and War. Pp.xxxvii, 226. Paper, $9.95. Volume II: Religion and Society. Pp. xxxix, 310. Paper, $10.95. Review by Calvin H. Allen, Jr. of The School of the Ozarks. Michael Stanford. The Nature of Historical Knowledge. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1986. Pp. vii, 196. Cloth, $45.00; paper, $14.95. Review by Michael J. Salevouris of Webster University. David Stricklin and Rebecca Sharpless, eds. The Past Meets The Present: Essays On Oral History. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1988. Pp. 151. Paper, $11.50. Review by Jacob L. Susskind of The Pennsylvania State University. Peter N. Stearns. World History: Patterns of Change and Continuity. New York: Harper and row, 1987. Pp. viii, 598. Paper, $27.00; Theodore H. Von Laue. The World Revolution of Westernization: The Twentieth Century in Global Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. Pp. xx, 396. Cloth, $24.95. Review by Jayme A. Sokolow of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Marilyn J. Boxer and Jean R Quataert, eds. Connecting Spheres: Women in the Western World, 1500 to the Present. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. Pp. xvii, 281. Cloth, $29.95; Paper, $10.95. Review by Samuel E. Dicks of Emporia State University. Dietrich Orlow. A History of Modern Germany: 1870 to Present. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1987. Pp. xi, 371. Paper, $24.33. Review by Gordon R. Mork of Purdue University. Gail Braybon and Penny Summerfield. Out of the Cage: Women's Experiences in Two World Wars. Pandora: London and New York, 1987. Pp. xiii, 330. Paper, $14.95. Review by Paul E. Fuller of Transylvania University. Moshe Lewin. The Gorbachev Phenomenon: A Historical Interpretation. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988. Pp. xii, 176. Cloth, $16.95; David A. Dyker, ed. The Soviet Union Under Gorbachev: Prospects for Reform. London & New York: Croom Helm, 1987. Pp. 227. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Elizabeth J. Wilcoxson of Northern Essex Community College. Charles D. Smith, Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1988. Pp. viii, 308. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Arthur Q. Larson of Westmar College. Stephen G. Rabe. Eisenhower and Latin America: The Foreign Policy of Anticommunism. Chapel Hill & London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1988. Pp. 237. Cloth $29.95; paper, $9.95. Review by Donald J. Mabry of Mississippi State University. Earl Black and Merle Black. Politics and Society in the South. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1987. Pp. ix, 363. Cloth, $25.00. Review by Donn C. Neal of the Society of American Archivists. The Lessons of the Vietnam War: A Modular Textbook. Pittsburgh: Center for Social Studies Education, 1988. Teacher edition (includes 64-page Teacher's Manual and twelve curricular units of 31-32 pages each), $39.95; student edition, $34.95; individual units, $3.00 each. Order from Center for Social Studies Education, 115 Mayfair Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15228. Review by Stephen S. Gosch of the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire. Media Reviews Carol Kammen. On Doing Local History. Videotape (VIIS). 45 minutes. Presented at SUNY-Brockport's Institute of Local Studies First Annual Symposium, September 1987. $29.95 prepaid. (Order from: Dr. Ronald W. Herlan, Director, Institute of Local Studies, Room 180, Faculty Office Bldg., SUNY-Brockport. Brockport. NY 14420.) Review by Herbert Janick of Western Connecticut State University.
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Leibo, Steven A., Abraham D. Kriegel, Roger D. Tate, Raymond J. Jirran, Bullitt Lowry, Sanford Gutman, Thomas T. Lewis, et al. "Book Reviews." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 12, no. 2 (May 5, 1987): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.12.2.28-47.
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David K. Dunaway and Willa K. Baum, eds. Oral History: An Interdisciplinary Anthology. Nashville: American Assocation for State and Local History, 1984. Pp. xxiii, 436. Paper, $17.95 ($16.15 to AASLH members); cloth $29.50 ($26.95 to AASLH members). Review by Jacob L. Susskind of The Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg. Salo W. Baron. The Contemporary Relevance of History: A Study in Approaches and Methods. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986. Pp. viii, 158. Cloth, $30.00; Stephen Vaughn, ed. The Vital Past: Writings on the Uses of History. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1985. Pp. 406. Paper, $12.95. Review by Michael T. Isenberg of the United States Naval Academy. Howard Budin, Diana S. Kendall and James Lengel. Using Computers in the Social Studies. New York and London: Teachers College Press, 1986. Pp. vii, 118. Paper, $11.95. Review by Francis P. Lynch of Central Connecticut State University. David F. Noble. Forces of Production: A Social History of Industrial Automation. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. Pp. xviii, 409. Paper, $8.95. Review by Donn C. Neal of the Society of American Archivists. Alan L. Lockwood and David E. Harris. Reasoning with Democratic Values: Ethical Problems in United States History. New York and London: Teachers College Press, 1985. Volume 1: Pp. vii, 206. Paper, $8.95. Volume 2: Pp. vii, 319. Paper, $11.95. Instructor's Manual: Pp. 167. Paper, $11.95. Review by Robert W. Sellen of Georgia State University. James Atkins Shackford. David Crocketts: The Man and the Legend. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1986. Pp. xxv, 338. Paper, $10.95. Review by George W. Geib of Butler University. John R. Wunder, ed. At Home on the Range: Essays on the History of Western Social and Domestic Life. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1985. Pp. xiii, 213. Cloth, $29.95. Review by Richard N. Ellis of Fort Lewis College. Sylvia R. Frey and Marian J. Morton, eds. New World, New Roles: A Documentary History of Women in Pre-Industrial America. New York, Westport, Connecticut, and London: Greenwood Press, 1986. Pp. ix, 246. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Barbara J. Steinson of DePauw University. Elizabeth Roberts. A Woman's Place: An Oral History of Working-Class Women, 1890-1940. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985. Pp. vii, 246. Paper, $12.95. Review by Thomas T. Lewis of Mount Senario College. Steven Ozment. When Fathers Ruled: Family Life in Reformation Europe. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London: Harvard University Press, 1983. Pp. viii, 283. Cloth, $17.50; Paper, $7.50. Review by Sanford Gutman of State University of New York, College at Cortland. Geoffrey Best. War and Society in Revolutionary Europe, 1770-1870. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 336. Paper, $9.95; Brian Bond. War and Society in Europe, 1870-1970. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 256. Paper, $9.95. Review by Bullitt Lowry of North Texas State University. Edward Norman. Roman Catholicism in England: From the Elizabethan Settlement to the Second Vatican Council. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 138. Paper, $8.95; Karl F. Morrison, ed. The Church in the Roman Empire. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1986. Pp. viii, 248. Cloth, $20.00; Paper, $7.95. Review by Raymond J. Jirran of Thomas Nelson Community College. Keith Robbins. The First World War. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. Pp. 186. Paper, $6.95; J. M. Winter. The Great War and the British People. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986. Pp. xiv, 360. Cloth, $25.00. Review by Roger D. Tate of Somerset Community College. Gerhardt Hoffmeister and Frederic C. Tubach. Germany: 2000 Years-- Volume III, From the Nazi Era to the Present. New York: The Ungar Publishing Co., 1986. Pp. ix, 279. Cloth, $24.50. Review by Abraham D. Kriegel of Memphis State University. Judith M. Brown. Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Pp. xvi, 429. Cloth, $29.95; Paper, $12.95. Review by Steven A. Leibo of Russell Sage College.
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Otterson, Gregory Alan, Gregory J. Riely, Alice Tsang Shaw, Lucio Crinò, Dong-Wan Kim, Renato Martins, Ravi Salgia, et al. "Clinical characteristics of ALK+ NSCLC patients (pts) treated with crizotinib beyond disease progression (PD): Potential implications for management." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 7600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.7600.
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7600 Background: Crizotinib is a first-in-class oral ALK inhibitor for the treatment (tx) of advanced ALK-positive (ALK+) NSCLC. Dramatic and prolonged responses to crizotinib are common, but pts do experience PD. Methods: Clinical characteristics of ALK+ NSCLC pts enrolled onto two multicenter, single arm trials of crizotinib (A8081001, PROFILE 1005) with investigator-defined PD who were allowed to continue crizotinib if, in the investigator’s opinion, there was reasonable evidence of ongoing clinical benefit were assessed. A period of ≥2 wks was chosen as a reasonable minimum duration of post-PD crizotinib tx. Results: As of 1 June 2011, 146 pts (A8081001, n=61, PROFILE 1005, n=85) had PD. PD was observed in new lesions only (1 organ site, n=62; >1 organ site, n=18), target ± new lesions (≥ 1 organ site, n=55), clinical PD (n=9), and no site assessment (n=2). Most common new lesions in single organ sites were brain (brain MRI not mandatory; n=25), liver (n=20), bone (n=4), and kidney (n=1). Of the 146 pts, 78 (53%) received crizotinib post-PD for at least 2 wks, 91% of whom had ECOG PS 0 or 1 at PD. In these 78 pts, PD was observed in new lesions only (1 organ site, n=39; >1 organ site, n=4), target ± new lesions (≥ 1 organ site, n=29), and clinical PD (n=6); the most common sites for single organ PD were brain (n=20), liver (n=9), and other (n=10). Best response before PD (% CR/PR, SD, PD) was 62/27/12 in the 78 pts who received ≥2 weeks’ tx post-PD and 31/37/32 in the 68 pts who received <2 weeks’ tx post-PD or discontinued. Median duration of crizotinib tx post-PD (n=78) was 10 weeks (range 2–84). 20 pts with PD in brain only (concurrent local tx or radiation permitted) continue to receive crizotinib (range 3–82 weeks post-PD). Conclusions: Following initial crizotinib tx, PD most commonly occurred at a single organ site in ALK+ NSCLC pts. The majority of pts receiving crizotinib post-PD had good PS, and tended to have single-site PD (most often the brain or liver), and a prior response on crizotinib. Given these observations, pts may be able to continue with crizotinib for a period of time following clinical or documented progression.