Academic literature on the topic 'Local 89 (New York, N.Y.)'

BackgroundAlmost half of the patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in Russia diagnosed hip joint lesions (HJ), but the causes and rates of progression are not studied. Until now, it remains unclear whether synovitis detected on MRI and ultrasound of hip joint is a predictor of radiological progression of coxitis.ObjectivesTo assess the dynamics of inflammatory changes in the hip joint using instrumental research methods during 3-years observation and their relationship with the activity of axSpA.Methods45 patients (mean age 30,07±7,1 years) with a diagnosed with axSpA (ASAS criteria 2009), which were observed for at least 3 years. Among them, AS according to the modified New York criteria (1984) - 40 (89%) patients and 5 (11%) were diagnosed with nr-axSpA. The median duration of the disease was 36 [19;108] moth, BASDAI 4,3 [3,1;6,8], BASFI 2,0 [0,6;4,7]. All patients underwent clinical, X-ray, ultrasound and MRI examination of the hip joint during the entire observation period. For ultrasound, coxitis was considered an increase in the cervical-capsular distance (CCD) of more than 7 mm. For MRI inflammatory changes were taken as osteitis of the acetabulum and / or femoral head and synovitis in STIR mode.ResultsAt the time of inclusion of 45 patients, clinical signs of hip joint lesions were present in 66 (86%) patients, and after 36 months in 36 (80%) (p>0,05). The median CCD at the time of inclusion was 7,3 [6,6;7,9] mm, and after three years 6,6 [5,9;8,6] mm (p> 0.005). According to ultrasound, at the time of inclusion, 36 (80%) of 45 patients had coxitis, and after 3 years, 26 (58%) (p <0,005). Analysis of MRI changes initially showed the presence of synovitis in 42 (93%), and osteitis in 13 (29%) patients, and after 3 years synovitis persisted in у 25 (56%) (p <0,05), osteitis in 12 (27%) (p>0,005) and in 19 (42%) MRI patients, signs of active inflammation were arrested. Among all examined patients at the beginning of the study, the coincidence of signs of synovitis according to ultrasound and MRI data was noted in 35 (78%) cases. X-ray coxitis at the time of inclusion was detected in 11 (24%) patients, and after 2 years in 32 (68%) (p<0,05). The patients were divided into two groups ΔBASRI hip> 0 and ΔBASRI hip = 0. (Table 1)Table 1.Characteristics of patients with axSpA at the time of inclusion in the study who had X-ray progression of coxitis after 36 months of observation.ParametrsΔBASRI hip=0 n=15ΔBASRI hip >0 n = 30pThe duration of the disease, m., Мe [25;75‰]48 [12;120]30 [24;108]>0,05Age, years, Мe [25;75 ‰]30,5 [23;34]30,5 [25;35]>0,05BASDAI, Мe [25;75 ‰]6,7 [4,2;8,6]4,2 [2,4;5,9]<0,05BASFI, Мe [25;75 ‰]4,4 [1,8;8,1]1,7 [0,6;3,1]>0,05ASDAS (SRP), Мe [25;75 ‰]2,6 [1,6;3,9]2,8 [2,1;4,2]>0,05ESR, mm/h, Мe [25;75 ‰]15 [7;30]14,0 [7;27]>0,05SRP, mg/l, Мe [25;75 ‰]14,8 [10;56,0]22,8 [3,7; 31,8]>0,05Peripheral arthritis, n %11 (73%)20 (67%)>0,05US synovitis n%9 (60%)23 (77%)>0,05Pain in HJ n%28 (85%)38 (86%)>0,05Synovitis in MRI, n%15 (100%)27 (90%)>0,05Osteitis in MRI, n%3 (20%)10 (34%)>0,05Therapy bDMARDs9 (60%)9 (30%)<0,05ConclusionX-ray progression of coxitis in axSpA practically does not depend on the activity of the disease, nor on local signs of inflammation in the HJ, detected by ultrasound and MRI. X-ray progression of HJ lesions is less common in patients receiving bDMARDs therapy.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared

Character education in early childhood is not new, and character education is also not just a transfer of knowledge, but something that needs to be built early on through various stimula- tions. This study aims to develop the character of early childhood through audio-visual media with traditional Javanese songs. Using educational design-based research to develop audio-visual media from traditional songs, this media was tested in the field with an experimental design with a control group. Respondents involved 71 kindergarten students from one experimental class in one control class. The data revealed that character education in children shows the average value of the experi- mental class is higher than the control group, this means character education in children can be built through traditional songs. Further research can be done to improve the character of early childhood through a variety of media that interests children. Keywords: Early Childhood, Character Education, Javanese Traditional Songs Media References: Anderson, T., & Shattuck, J. (2012). Design-based research: A decade of progress in education research? Educational Researcher, 41(1), 16–25. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X11428813 Bates, A. (2016). The management of ‘emotional labour’ in the corporate re-imagining of primary education in England. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 26(1), 66–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/09620214.2016.1175959 Bates, A. (2019). Character education and the ‘priority of recognition.’ Cambridge Journal of Education, 49(6), 695–710. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2019.1590529 Battistich, V., Schaps, E., Watson, M., Solomon, D., & Lewis, C. (2000). Effects of the Child Development Project on students’ drug use and other problem behaviors. Journal of Primary Prevention, 21(1), 75–99. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007057414994 Berkowitz, M. W. (1933). The Science of Character. The Journal of Philosophy, 30(20), 557. https://doi.org/10.2307/2016365 Berkowitz, M. W., & Bier, M. C. (2004). Research Based Character Education. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591(January), 72–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716203260082 Botvin, G. J., Epstein, J. A., Baker, E., Diaz, T., & Ifill-Williams, M. (2013). School-based drug abuse prevention with inner-city minority youth. The Etiology and Prevention of Drug Abuse Among Minority Youth, 6(I), 5–19. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315827735-6 Carr, D. (2012). Educating the Virtues: Essay on the philosophical psychology of moral development and education. London: Routledge. Cobb, J. (2007). What’ll I do with the baby-o? Nursery rhymes, songs, and stories for babies. Vancouver: BC: Blacksheep Press. Damon, W. (1988). The moral child: Nurturing children’s natural moral growth. New York: Free press. Derlicki, J. (2005). Ethno-pedagogy - the curse or the cure? The role of the school among youth in Nelemnoe (Yakutia). Sibirica, 4(1), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/13617360500070731 Dick, W., & Carey, L. (2009). The Systematic Design of Instruction. New Jersey: Pearson Education. Ecclestone, K. (2012). From emotional and psychological well-being to character education: Challenging policy discourses of behavioural science and “vulnerability.” Research Papers in Education, 27(4), 463–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2012.690241 Fleer, M., & Hedegaard, M. (2010). Children’s development as participation in everyday practices across different institutions. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 17(2), 149–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/10749030903222760 Goodman, J. F. (2019). Searching for character and the role of schools. Ethics and Education, 14(1), 15–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449642.2018.1537989 Greenberg, M. T., Kusche, C. A., Cook, E. T., & Quamma, J. P. (1995). Promoting emotional competence in school-aged children: The effects of the PATHS curriculum. Development and Psychopathology, 7(1), 117–136. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400006374 Hanna, W. (2014). A Reggio-Inspired Music Atelier: Opening the Door Between Visual Arts and Music. Early Childhood Education Journal, 42(4), 287–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-013-0610-9 Harahap, N., Kahar, I. A., & Nasution, L. H. (2018). Preservation of lullabies songs in forming character based on local wisdom. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture, 5(1), 32–42. https://doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v5n1.479 Hariswari, K. P., & Iswidayanti, S. (2019). Catharsis : Journal of Arts Education Gending Rare : Its Potential As A Character Education Media Based on Local Authority in Denpasar City. 8(3), 352–362. Hariyadi, S., Tamalene, M. N., & Hariyono, A. (2019). Ethnopedagogy of the osing tribe folk song: exploration and formation of biology learning character. Biosfer, 12(2), 258–276. https://doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.v12n2.258-276 Hendrix, R. E., Palmer, K. Z., Tashis, N., & Winner, M. G. (2013). The incredible flexible you: A social thinking curriculum for the preschool and the early elementary years. San Jose: CA: Think Social. Herliyana, & Rosmiati. (2018). Developing the Nationalism Character of Young Learners by Using Songs and Traditional Dances of Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on the Roles of Parents in Shaping Children’s Characters (ICECED), 287–292. Hidayati, I., Handini, M. C., & Karnadi. (2018). Character education on Dendang saluang ( Traditional song Minangkabau ) in Nagari Saribu Rumah. International Journal of Advanced Education and Research, 3(3), 01–05. Ilari, B. (2018). Scaramouche Goes to Preschool: The Complex Matrix of Young Children’s Everyday Music. Early Childhood Education Journal, 46(1), 0. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-017-0842-1 Jeynes, W. H. (2019). A Meta-Analysis on the Relationship Between Character Education and Student Achievement and Behavioral Outcomes. Education and Urban Society, 51(1), 33–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124517747681 Kotsonis, A. (2020). What can we learn from Plato about intellectual character education? Educational Philosophy and Theory, 52(3), 251–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2019.1631157 Kurniawati, Y., Pranoto, S., & Hong, J. J. (2014). Developing Early Childhood’s Character Through Javanesenese Traditional Game. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Education Studies, 3(1), 68–72. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijeces.v3i1.9477 Lee, A. (2016). Implementing character education program through music and integrated activities in early childhood settings in Taiwan. International Journal of Music Education, 34(3), 340–351. https://doi.org/10.1177/0255761414563195 Lee, G. L. (2013). Re-emphasizing Character Education in Early Childhood Programs: Korean Children’s Experiences. Childhood Education, 89(5), 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2013.830907 Lickona, T., Schaps, E., & Lewis, C. (2007). CEP ’ s of Effective Character Education Effective Character Education : Character Education Partnership. Mang, E. (2005). The referent of children’s early songs. Music Education Research, 7(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/14613800500041796 Mans, M. (2002). Playing The Music- Comparing Perfomance of Children’s Song and dance in Traditional and Contemporary Namibian Education. In The Arts in Children’s Live (pp. 71–86). Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Marshall, P. J., Bouquet, C. A., Thomas, A. L., & Shipley, T. F. (2010). Motor contagion in young children: Exploring social influences on perception-action coupling. Neural Networks, 23(8–9), 1017–1025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2010.07.007 MENTERI PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL. STANDAR PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI. , PERATURAN MENTERI PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR § (2009). Mullen, G. (2017). More Than Words: Using Nursery Rhymes and Songs to Support Domains of Child Development. Journal of Childhood Studies, 42(2), 42. https://doi.org/10.18357/jcs.v42i2.17841 Mutema, F. (2008). Shona Traditional Children ’ s Games and Play : Songs as Indigenous Ways of Knowing. English, 2(4), 189–203. Nakashima, D., Prott, L., & Bridgewater, P. (2000). Tapping Into the World’s Wisdom. UNESCO Sources, 1–24. Nyota, S., & Mapara, J. (2008). Shona Traditional Children ’ s Games and Play : Songs as Indigenous Ways of Knowing. English, 2(4), 189–203. Rogoff, B., Moore, L., Najafi, B., Dexter, A., Correa-Chávez, M., & Solís, J. (2007). Children’s development of cultural repertoires through participation in everyday routines and practices. Handbook of socialization (In J. E. G). New York: Guilford Press. Selasih, N. N., & Sudarsana, I. K. (2018). Education Based On Ethnopedagogy In Maintaining And Conserving The Local Wisdom: A Literature Study. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 6(2), 293–306. Sizer, T. R., & Sizer, N. F. (1999). The students are watching: Schools and the moral contract. Boston: Beacon. Smeyers, P., Smith, R., & Standish, P. (2010). The therapy of education: Philosophy, happiness and personal growth. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Sukoyo, J. (2016). The Development of Javanesenese Songs Containing Character Values as a Learning Medium of Early Childhood Education. Widyaparwa, 44(1), 1–9. Yang, L. H., Kleinman, A., Link, B. G., Phelan, J. C., Lee, S., & Good, B. (2007). Culture and stigma: Adding moral experience to stigma theory. Social Science and Medicine, 64(7), 1524–1535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.11.013 Zeidler, Dana L; Keefer, M. (2003). the Role of Moral Reasoning on Socioscientific Issues and.

Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV; genus Tospovirus) was detected in experimental greenhouse-grown potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and Nicotiana benthamiana in New York State in July and August of 2003 and 2004. Potato leaves exhibiting necrotic lesions with a concentric pattern similar to those induced by Tomato spotted wilt virus (1) were observed on cvs. Atlantic, Huckleberry, NY115, and Pentland Ivory. The presence of INSV was confirmed using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a rapid ‘ImmunoStrip’ assay (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN). INSV-specific sequences were amplified from total RNA extracts using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with ‘Tospovirus Group’ primers (Agdia, Inc.) and two independently amplified DNAs were sequenced. A common sequence of 355 nucleotides (GenBank Accession No. AY775324) showed 98% identity to coding sequences in an INSV L RNA. The virus was mechanically transmitted to potato and N. benthamiana and could be detected in asymptomatic, systemically infected potato leaves. Stems nodes and leaves were removed from infected potato plants, and sterile in vitro plantlets were established (2). None of the regenerated in vitro plantlets of cvs. Pentland Ivory (6 plantlets) or NY115 (5 plantlets) were infected with INSV. Two of ten regenerated cv. Atlantic plantlets initially tested positive, but INSV could not be detected after 6 months in tissue culture. In vitro tissue culture plantlets could not be established from infected cv. Huckleberry plants, even though they were consistently obtained from uninfected plants. Infected greenhouse plants were grown to maturity and the tubers harvested, stored for 6 months at 4°C, and replanted in the greenhouse. INSV could not be detected in plants from 26 cv. Huckleberry, 4 cv. NY115, or 4 cv. Atlantic tubers. Although this isolate of INSV was able to systemically infect potato, it was not efficiently maintained or transmitted to progeny tubers. This might explain why INSV has not been reported as a problem in potato production. Lastly, in both years, dying N. benthamiana provided the first sign of a widespread greenhouse infestation of INSV in a university facility housing ornamental and crop plants. INSV induced a systemic necrosis in N. benthamiana, and this host may be useful as a sensitive ‘trap’ plant indicator for natural infections in greenhouse production. References: (1) T. L. German. Tomato spotted wilt virus. Pages 72–73 in: Compendium of Potato Diseases. W. R. Stevenson et al., eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, 2001. (2) S. A. Slack and L. A. Tufford. Meristem culture for virus elimination. Pages 117–128 in: Fundamental Methods of Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture and Laboratory Operations. O. L. Gamborg and G. C. Philips, eds. Springer-Velag, Berlin, 1995.

We studied broadleaf and needle-leaf forests along an elevation gradient (600–1200 m) at Whiteface Mountain, New York, to determine relationships among temperature, mineral N availability, and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and controls on the latter two variables. We measured net N mineralization during the growing season, annual litterfall quantity and quality, aboveground woody biomass accumulation, and soil organic matter quality. Inorganic N deposition from cloudwater markedly increases mineral N availability above 1000 m in this region. Consequently, mineral N availability across the climosequence remains relatively constant because N mineralization decreases with increasing elevation. Across this climosequence, air temperature (as growing season degree-days) exerted the most control on ANPP. Nitrogen mineralization was most strongly related to soil growing season degree-days and less so to lignin to N ratios in litter. ANPP was correlated with N mineralization but not with mineral N availability. Combining our data with those from similar studies in other boreal and cool temperate forests shows that N mineralization and ANPP are correlated at local, regional, and interbiome scales. Regarding the persistent question concerning cause and effect in the N mineralization – forest productivity relationship, our data provide evidence that at least in this case, forest productivity is a control on N mineralization.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the morbidity of Giardia in Monroe County, New York attributed to refugees, foreign adoptees and immigrants, and to examine factors related to asymptomatic Giardia infection. Design/methodology/approach A retrospective epidemiological analysis was conducted of Giardia case investigations submitted to the New York State Department of Health on the Communicable Disease Electronic Surveillance System, between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2013 from Monroe County Department of Public Health. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess odds for asymptomatic Giardia. Findings Of the 1,221 Giardia cases reported in Monroe County during that time, 38 percent (n=467) were refugees, 6 percent (n=77) were foreign adoptees and 1.4 percent (n=17) were immigrants. In total, 95 percent of the refugees and 89 percent of the adoptees/immigrants were asymptomatic, compared to 15 percent of the non-refugee/adoptee/immigrant cases. Unadjusted odds for asymptomatic infection were 113.4 (95 percent CI: 70.6-183.7) for refugees, and 45.6 (95 percent CI: 22.9-91) for adoptees/immigrants. Originality/value This study demonstrates the importance of routine screening for Giardia during refugees’ initial health assessment.

We discuss our recent work [P.-N. Chen, M.-T. Wang and S.-T. Yau, Quasi-local mass in the gravitational perturbations of black holes, to appear.] in which gravitational radiation was studied by evaluating the Wang–Yau quasi-local mass of surfaces of fixed size at the infinity of both axial and polar perturbations of the Schwarzschild spacetime, à la Chandrasekhar. [S. Chandrasekhar, The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes, Oxford Classic Texts in the Physical Sciences (Oxford University Press, New York, 1998).]

Sensitivities of Venturia inaequalis isolates to the anilinopyrimidine fungicides (APs) pyrimethanil and cyprodinil were determined for nine populations by measuring the growth of colonies formed from germinating conidia derived from single scab lesions. At the discriminatory pyrimethanil dose of 0.2 μg ml-1, the mean relative growth range measured for eight V. inaequalis populations (n = 39 to 74) never treated with AP fungicides varied from 18.1 to 48.2, translating into an approximately sixfold difference in mean baseline sensitivities. For the composite of all 469 isolates tested, sensitivities to pyrimethanil and to the sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) myclobutanil were significantly correlated. When isolates were organized into subpopulations based on their sensitivities to an individual fungicide, sensitivities to both fungicides declined in parallel through the highly and moderately sensitive spectra of subpopulations, but they diverged for isolates in subpopulations least sensitive to either fungicide. The result suggested that at least one of the multiple genes conferring DMI resistance also lowered the sensitivity to AP fungicides. The relative contribution of AP fungicides to scab management was evaluated at an experimental orchard representative of the Great Lakes region of the United States. Frequencies of DMI-resistant isolates of V. inaequalis had progressed to the stage of practical resistance at the site, and the sensitivity to pyrimethanil was similar to several commercial orchard populations never treated with APs. For management programs at the experimental site involving the AP fungicides cyprodinil and pyrimethanil and conducted from 1996 to 2000, the level of fruit and terminal leaf scab control was inferior to that of nonspecific protectants such as mancozeb or captan. For the control of scab on cluster leaves, the efficacy of AP fungicides equaled the performance of nonspecific protectants. This modest contribution of AP fungicides to scab management might have been caused by a lack of the extended cool temperature conditions that were conducive to AP performance in northern Europe in previous studies, and/or by the reduced sensitivity to AP fungicides in this DMI-resistant V. inaequalis population.

Purpose: To understand the tobacco acquisition practices of low-income smokers in New York State in light of high cigarette prices due to high cigarette taxes. Design: Eight focus groups with low-income smokers were conducted in spring 2015 and 2016 (n = 74). Setting: New York City (NYC) and Buffalo, New York. Participants: Low-income adults aged 18 to 65 who smoke cigarettes regularly. Method: Qualitative analysis of focus group transcripts that explored differences and similarities by region. We used the interview guide—which covered the process of acquiring cigarettes and the impact of cigarette prices—as a framework for analysis to generate themes and subthemes (deductive coding). We also generated themes and subthemes that emerged during focus group discussions (inductive coding). Results: Some smokers in Western New York have switched to untaxed cigarettes from Native American reservations, whereas low-income smokers in NYC described convenient sources of bootlegged cigarettes (packs or loosies) in their local neighborhood stores, through acquaintances, or on the street. Familiarity with the retailer was key to accessing bootlegged cigarettes from retailers. Conclusions: Smokers in this study could access cheaper cigarettes, which discouraged quit attempts and allowed them to continue smoking. The availability of lower priced cigarettes may attenuate public health efforts aimed at reducing smoking prevalence through price and tax increases.

The robust crazy ant, Nylanderia bourbonica (Forel) (formerly Paratrechina bourbonica), is native to the Old-World tropics and subtropics. Its earliest known record in the New World was collected in 1924 in Miami, Florida. Here, I examine the subsequent spread of this species to other parts of North America and the West Indies. I compiled published and unpublished New World N. bourbonica specimen records from 446 sites, documenting the earliest known records for 24 geographic areas (countries, island groups, major islands, and US states), including nine for which I found no previously published records: Anguilla, Antigua, Barbuda, British Virgin Islands, Jamaica, Turks and Caicos Islands, Missouri, New York, and Washington. The vast majority of New World site records for N. bourbonica (89%) come from Florida, where this species is now known from 37 counties. Most, if not all, of the 14 site records of N. bourbonica in North American north of 30.5°N come from indoors. Although the earliest record of N. bourbonica from Cuba dates to 1933, the spread of N. bourbonica to many West Indian islands appears to be much more recent. In Florida, N. bourbonica is a widespread, though relatively minor household and agricultural pest, and also is common in some more natural environments. It remains to be seen whether N. bourbonica will become a significant pest in the West Indies or elsewhere in the New World.

AbstractThe chapter outlines the cultural background for applying design strategies consistent with the challenge of circularity. The contribution focuses on ecological thinking as an effective design approach to produce and implement eco-innovative strategies able at facing environmental and societal challenges of our global age. Then the chapter depicts the Repair research experience in promoting a systemic design approach for recycling and reusing C&D waste as new, anthropogenic soils in peri-urban areas. According to the EEA Report n.6/2017, the chapter posits that the major environmental challenges of the present are not about single issues, such as waste reduction or soil-loss, rather they involve systemic change and design processes, linking together economy, social habits and technological responses. Therefore, the transition towards more sustainable urban metabolism deeply depends from creative visions by which breaking the circuit “take-make-dispose” and promote new—and somehow tentative—visions for implementing circularity at local and global scale. Further postulation in the paper is about assuming the concept of Anthropocene as theoretical ground for such eco-innovative design approach. The scientific evidence of living in human-dominated ecosystems makes designers towards a paradigm shift concerning the overcoming of the typical artificial/natural dichotomy by exploring the augmented opportunities in designing sustainable and resilient habitats thanks to a more collaborative, plural and innovative design approach: “What is important and significant here is how ecology and landscape architectural design might invent alternative forms of relationships between people, places and cosmos” (Corner, ‘Ecology and Landscape as agents of Creativity’, 1997, reprint in Reed &Lister (2018), Op. Cit., pp. 40–65, p. 42). Starting from these assumptions, the paper deepens the experience of collaborative design for implementing recycle and reuse of C&D waste for producing new technical soils, according to both the regulatory constraints (and potentials) and the site-specific features. The research goal is to provide new vegetated soils by waste thanks to an innovative design process based on both circular economy principles and collaborative knowledge production. Notably, the capacity of producing creative hybridization between biotic and abiotic component seems to be the new frontier in the field of technological design and material engineering. The term hypernatural, proposed by Blaine Brownell and Marc Swackhamer in 2015, introduces the idea of a co-evolutionary process between nature and science, looking at humans’ technological capacity as an effective opportunity for creating the conditions for making biotic ad abiotic systems working together: “The ultimate aim of technology is not antinatural: it is hypernatural” (Brownell & Swackhamer in Hyper-natural. Architecture’s new relationship with nature. Princeton Architectural Press, New York, p. 18, 2015). The chapter deals with the methodology applied for promoting a sort of protocological architecture (Burke, 2007), by which facilitating the C&D waste recycle and reuse within the construction sector, and notably into the landscape project. The research starts working under the H2020-Repair project, and it has developed within further research programs about C&D waste management in urban regeneration programs developed by the Department of Architecture of University of Naples Federico II.

Columbus was a booming plantation town along the Tombigbee, surrounded by rich soil ideal for cotton. Steamboats plied the river, taking bales downriver to Mobile and the Gulf of Mexico. During the “Flush Times” of the antebellum era, enslaved people from Africa built mansions of brick and wood for white planters. By the 1840s and 1850s, Blacks outnumbered the Anglo-Americans in Columbus and surrounding area. Throughout the Civil War, Columbus found itself in the hurricane’s eye of fighting. The closest major battle, Shiloh, was 100 miles north in 1862; thousands of sick and wounded, including Union prisoners, were brought to Columbus to makeshift hospitals. In the end, 2,100 Confederate and 40 Union soldiers were buried in Friendship Cemetery by the banks of the Tombigbee. Another 10 Union soldiers, 9 Black and 1 white, were buried in Sandfield, a Black cemetery. Four local white women, “touched with pity for these dead exiled from home,” in 1866 went to Friendship Cemetery to care for both the Confederate and Union graves. This act of commemoration resulted in the creation of one of the nation’s earliest versions of Memorial Day. After reading about the Columbus women, New York judge Francis Miles Finch wrote a poem, published in Atlantic Monthly, “The Blue and the Gray.”

Reconstrucción virtual de ambientes urbanos a partir de fotografías históricas a través de Image Based Animations (IBA). La Plaza de la Virgen de Valencia alrededor de 1870. Jose Luis Cabanes Ginés¹, Federico Iborra Bernad², Carlos Bonafé Cervera3 ¹Departamento de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Caminio de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia. 2Departamento de Composición Arquitectónica. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Caminio de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia 3Departamento de Ing. Cartográf. Geodesia y Fotogramtría. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Caminio de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia E-mail: jlcabane@ega.upv.es, f_iborra@yahoo.es, carboce1@topo.upv.es Keywords (3-5): virtual reconstruction, historical urban environment, image based animations Conference topics and scale: City transformations / Tools of analysis in urban morphology The recreation of the historical environment of emblematic urban spaces in our cities through interactive technologies, allows to extend their knowledge among the interested users while contributing to its assessment. When the documentary bases are photographs it is possible to carefully model the recorded elements using photogrammetry techniques based on 3D primitives, so that by means of an immersive navigation limited to certain points of view, an appearance of acceptable tridimensionality is obtained, where only isolated images of dispersed frames are available. The virtual recreation can be completed increasing its realistic appearance through its edition with animations of objects (for example, carriages) and characters, texts, musical setting, etc. The results can be presented in formats such as video or navigation through virtual reality helmets. From a selection of the first historical photographs of the Plaza de la Virgen, that we have obtained searching in several documentary sources, our multidisciplinary team is interested in a reliable, realistic and pleasant presentation of the urban environment of one of the most representative places in the city of Valencia, whose spatial configuration has changed significantly over the years. References (100 words) Braun, C., Kolbe, T. H., Lang, F., Schickler, W., Steinhage, V., Cremers, A. B., Förstner, W., Plümer, L., 1995. Models for photogrammetric building reconstruction. Computers &amp; Graphics, Volume 19, Issue 1, pp. 109-118. Debevec, P., Taylor, C. J. and Malik, J., 1996. Modeling and rendering architecture from photographs: A hybrid geometry and image-based approach. SIGGRAPH’96, pp. 11–20. De Mesa, A., Regot, J., Nuñez, M. A. and Buill, F., (2009). Métodos y procesos para el levantamiento de reconstrucción tridimensional gráfica de elementos del patrimonio cultural. La iglesia de Sant Sever de Barcelona. Revista EGA, nº 14, pp. 82-89. Drap, P., Grussenmeyer, P. and Gaillard, G., 2001. Simple Photogrammetric Methods with ARPENTEUR: 3-D Plotting and Orthoimage generation. XVIII International Symposium CIPA 2001, Potsdam (Germany). International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, nº 34 (Part 5/C7), pp. 47-54. El-Hakim, S., Beraldin, J. and Lapointe, A., 2002. Towards Automatic Modeling of Monuments and Towers. IEEE Proceedings of the International Symposium on 3D Data Processing Visualization and Transmission, 3DPVT 2002, Padua, Italy, pp. 526-531. Proyecto Barcelona Darrera Mirada, http://darreramirada.ajuntament.barcelona.cat/#historia/8/1 The Old New York, http://vimeo.com/160024074, https://vimeo.com/162572088

Most studies recognized motor-cognitive dual-task training as an effective treatment to enhance neurological disorders in patients with improved motor and cognitive performance. However, the practical treatment strategy of motor-cognitive dual-task training still need to be confirmed with the clinical evidence-based support. The purpose of this study aimed to propose the optimal strategy of dual-task training using moderate-intensity stationary cycling and multidomain cognitive training for patients with MCI, and compare the post-training performance between motor, cognitive and motor-cognitive dual-task training.Materials and MethodsNineteen patients were recruited from the local rehabilitation centers in Hong Kong and were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The following inclusion criteria were used: (a) total scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Hong Kong version (HK-MoCA) ranging from 7th to 16th percentile stratified by age and education, (b) be able to follow the instructions and perform cycling independently, (c) free of any other neuromuscular that affect the motor performance, (d) free of any cardiovascular diseases that may have a potential risk of life during cycling. All participants were randomly allocated to the treatments of motor (N=7), cognitive (N=7) and motor-cognitive dual-task training (N=5). In this study, we proposed the rehabilitation platform integrating the stationary cycling (Monark 928E, Monark Sport & Medical, Sweden) with cognitive training games (RehaCom, HASOMED GmbH, Germany). The rehabilitation platform was equipped with optical encoder (HN3806-AB -400N, Electronic Katrangi Trading, Syria), power meter sensors (Vector™, Garmin Ltd, Taiwan) and heart rate sensor (Polar H10, Polar Electro, Finland) for real-time cycling parameters display (i.e., elapsed time, heart rate, RPM, power output, and power ratio between left and right pedals) and cardiovascular intensity monitoring. Last, performing stationary cycling concurrent with multidomain cognitive training operated by the touchscreen is the way of the treatment of motor-cognitive dual-task training. Before training, all subjects were asked to perform the Graded Exercise Test modified from YMCA Sub-Maximal Cycle Ergometer Test to determine the upper and lower boundary of workloads for maintaining the moderate-intensity cycling at pedaling rate of 50 RPM during motor and dual-task training. In this study, the definition of HRmax was calculated: 208-(0.7*age), and the moderate-intensity cycling was defined as the range from 55% to 75% HRmax. After finishing the Graded Exercise Test, all patients received 30 training sessions in the frequency of four sessions weekly. The assessments of MoCA, Trail Making Tests (TMTs), 5-Times Sit to Stand Test (5TSTS), 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) and 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) were used for evaluation. In addition, the record of grading level of the cognitive training using RehaCom software were also used to quantify the multidomain cognitive performance. Paired t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to examine the outcome differences in cognitive function and functional motor performance within groups between baseline and post-assessments, and the comparisons between groups, respectively. After the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Bonferroni correction was used for post-hoc pairwise comparisons. All comparisons were performed using SPSS 22.0 software (SPSS, IBM, Armonk, New York, U.S.A.), and the statistical significance was set at α = 0.05.ResultsFor cognitive function, significant improvements in MoCA were found in cognitive and dual-task groups, and the significant differences in TMTs – part A and part B were found in cognitive group. For functional motor performance, both motor and dual-task groups showed significant improvements in 5TSTS, 10MWT and 6MWT. The greater improvement of grading level in sustain attention and logical reasoning were found in the typical subjects after receiving dual-task training than cognitive treatment. The greater slopes of grading level in sustain attention and logical reasoning were found in the typical subjects after receiving dual-task training than cognitive treatment.ConclusionsThe treatment strategy of simultaneous dual-task using moderate-intensity stationary cycling and computer-based multidomain cognitive training was proposed. The current results encouraged this treatment to be applied as the routine training in a population of MCI for restriction of cognitive decline or delayed progression to related dementia.

Invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were first observed in situ at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS) in 2015. This report builds on 2018 SCUBA surveys and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) veliger sampling to: 1) determine whether shoals on APIS borders act as sentinel sites to corroborate veliger drift hypotheses about invasion pathways, 2) evaluate ongoing hand-removal of zebra mussels from easily identified structures, and 3) continue efforts to assess native unionid mussel populations, particularly where zebra mussels are also present. Standard catch per unit effort survey methods by SCUBA teams were used to determine the distribution and relative abundance of zebra or quagga mussels (dreissenids) and native mussels (unionids). Zebra mussels were present at densities between 3 and 42 n/diver/hr (number of mussels per diver per hour), while native unionids were present at densities between 5 and 72 n/diver/hr. Shoal surveys (Eagle Island shoal, Sand Island shoal, York Island shoal, Bear Island shoal, Oak Island shoal, and Gull Island shoal) showed zebra mussels were more abundant on the west side of APIS and absent on the easternmost shoal (Gull Island), corroborating veliger work by the EPA that suggested drift from the Twin Ports of Duluth, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin, is one pathway of invasion. Our results support the use of shallow shoals along the periphery of the park as sentinel sites gauging zebra mussel immigration and population dynamics. Zebra mussel densities in the central islands showed no obvious spatial pattern, and this survey cannot determine whether currents or human transport (or both) are invasion vectors. Given the mussels’ continued presence at heavily used mooring areas and docks where there are no zebra mussels on nearby natural features (e.g., Rocky Island dock, Stockton Island mooring areas), our findings are consistent with multiple invasion pathways (drift from the Twin Ports and anthropogenic sources at mooring areas). SCUBA search and removal of zebra mussels from docks was confirmed to be an effective method for significantly lowering the risk of zebra mussels reproducing and dispersing from these locations. We caution that this work is being done on what look like initial invasions at low densities. Repeated removal of zebra mussels by divers reduced numbers to zero at some sites after one year (South Twin docks, Stockton Island NPS docks, and the Ottawa wreck) or decreased numbers by an order of magnitude (Rocky Island docks). Dreissenid densities were more persistent on the Sevona wreck and longer-term work is required to evaluate removal versus recruitment (local and/or veliger drift). Given the size of the wreck, we have tracked detailed survey maps to guide future efforts. Zebra mussels were again observed attached to native mussels near Stockton Island and South Twin Island. Their continued presence on sensitive native species is of concern. Native unionid mussels were more widely distributed in the park than previously known, with new beds found near Oak and Basswood Islands. The work reported here will form the basis for continued efforts to determine the optimal frequency of zebra mussel removal for effective control, as well as evaluate impacts on native species.