Journal articles on the topic 'Lobbying'
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1
Gul, Shabnam, and Muhammad Faizan Asghar. "Propaganda and Lobbying against the Future Prospect of Pakistan: Causes, effects and its Implications." Global Mass Communication Review V, no. III (September 30, 2020): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2020(v-iii).13.
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The concept of propaganda and lobbying is not new to researchers. Historically, propaganda was used by many states to manipulate policies in their own favors and to oppose the other states. During WW1, WW2 and the Cold war, media was used as a propaganda tool to demoralize opponents. Gradually lobbying was initiated as foreign policy tools. Like Israel, Saudi Arabia and Russia was the most powerful lobbyist in the USA. Indian lobbyist started an anti-Pakistan campaign in the USA based on rivalry since the creation of Pakistan. This is true focuses on destabilization of the US-Pakistan relationship and to weaken the strong lobbyism between the US and Pakistan.
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Trofymenko, Anastasiia, and Dmytro Lubinets. "The main lobbying development trends in the United States of America." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 39 (June 16, 2019): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2019.39.156-163.
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The relevance of the issue of decreasing corruption in Ukraine causes the scientific interest in the study of such a political institution as lobbyism. An analysis of the global lobbying experience allows us to distinguish the lessons Ukraine can apply in this field. The article presents an analysis of the American lobbying model, since the United States was the first country to acknowledge and determine lobbying, as well as to develop the most advanced lobbying methods and technologies on the legislative level. The authors specify the main trends in the establishment and functioning of lobbying in the United States of America through studying the requirements of legislation in this field, imposed both on lobbyists and officials, considering ethical norms that lobbyists should be guided by in their work, subject-object determination of American lobbyism, and prevailing forms thereof in the state. As a result of the study carried out, it was found out that the legal framework for lobbying in the United States is based on the following: the principles of compulsory accountability and reporting of lobbyists and their clients, foreign clients, in particular; ethical standards of conduct for employees; restriction of lobbying for former civil servants; lobbying in all the branches of power; lobbying supervision and control by government agencies (these functions are entrusted to the Secretary of the Senate and Secretary of the House of Representatives) and the public, by lobbyists as well through establishing a Code of Lobbying Ethics, mediation between the client and the authorities.
Keywords: lobbyism, lobbying, American model, Association of Government Relations Professionals, Code of Lobbying Ethics, lobby register.
3
Vidović, Srđana. "Lobbying and/or trading in influence." Arhiv za pravne i drustvene nauke 119, no. 1 (2024): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/adpn2401039v.
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In this article, the author discusses the relatively new Lobbying Act that was enacted in the Republic of Serbia in 2019. According to the author's point of view, this Act is not in alignment with the Criminal Code, and the necessary amendments to the Criminal Code have not been made following the adoption of the Lobbying Act. Lobbying essentially involves attempting to influence government authorities to pass laws and perform other actions within their jurisdiction in exchange for appropriate compensation. On the other hand, the basic form of committing the criminal act of trading in influence is realized by making requests or receiving gifts or other benefits with the intent to mediate in performing an official act, utilizing one's official or social position or influence, which can be real or presumed. It is evident that lobbying and trading in influence overlap, which raises the question of whether a lobbyist, during the act of lobbying, is effectively involved in trading in influence or if the Lobbying Act decriminalizes trading in influence. According to the author, trading in influence is a broader concept than lobbying. This is because lobbying includes only influencing government authorities to pass laws, while trading in influence can be related to any authority, such as the police, administrative authorities, etc. This is why the Lobbying Act did not decriminalize trading in influence in general. However, the fact is that the lobbyist, according to positive legislation, is in danger of committing a criminal offense, so a change in the Criminal Code is necessary. The legislative body needs to amend the Criminal Code accordingly. It should be stipulated that a lobbyist who acts in accordance with the Lobbying Act does not commit a criminal offense. Additionally, the Lobbying Act needs to be revised. The question is - is it necessary to have registered lobbyists and non-registered lobbyists? The Lobbying Act should only prescribe registered lobbyists.
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De Bruycker, Iskander, and Jan Beyers. "Lobbying strategies and success: Inside and outside lobbying in European Union legislative politics." European Political Science Review 11, no. 1 (October 25, 2018): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773918000218.
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AbstractIn their pursuit of political influence, interest groups face the choice to contact policy elites directly or to generate pressure indirectly by appealing to the public at large. This article examines whether interest groups should prioritize inside or outside lobbying tactics in order to materialize their policy objectives, with a specific focus on European Union legislative policymaking. This article demonstrates that outside lobbying is not inherently more or less successful than inside lobbying; rather, the effect of inside or outside lobbying is conditional on the extent to which additional lobbying tactics are adopted and on the type of policy issues a lobbyist seeks to influence. The empirical approach of this article consists of an extensive media analysis and over 200 interviews with policy practitioners active on 78 policy proposals. The results indicate that outside lobbying leads to policy success when the lobbyist’s policy position enjoys popular endorsement within media debates and when the lobbyist engages in a coalition with other organized interests.
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Bekmuradov, K. A. "Lobbying as the main factor of influencing the process of development of parliamentary conciliation procedures." Actual Problems of Russian Law, no. 8 (September 20, 2019): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.105.8.075-085.
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The article analyzes lobbying activities, as well as lobbying as a factor in the development of parliamentary conciliation procedures. The author examines various legal and non-legal factors influencing different institutions of constitutional law including parliamentary conciliation procedures. The article provides the provisions of normative legal acts of the Russian Federation that form the basis for institutionalization of lobbying activity in Russia. Various instruments of institutionalization of lobbying in Russia are considered. The practice of lobbying is subject to research. The auther determines specific institutions of lobbyists’ influence used by them in their activity. The paper represents opinions of scholars and practitioners whose views are directed to parliamentarism in general and lobbyism in particular. The article contains definitions of lobbying and lobbying activities. According to the results of the analysis, the author identifies the main problems of the impact the lobbying activity has on parliamentary conciliation procedures, gives proposals for improvement of the normative and legal regulation and the primary elimination of the negative impact of lobbying on parliamentary conciliation procedures.
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Pavroz, A. V. "Trends, problems and prospects of lobbying in Russia." Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science 24, no. 4 (January 12, 2019): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2018-24-4-151-162.
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This article considers the features of the development and institutionalization of lobbyism in Russia. The author analyzes the problems of Russian lobbyism and notes the prospects for its further development. The article emphasizes the need to adopt a law on lobbying in Russia and points out that lobbying, as a socio-political institution, can become a means of systemically solving many problems of Russian society.
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Rudenko, Olha. "Lobbying – political corruption or social compromise." Public administration and local government 45, no. 2 (July 23, 2020): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33287/102022.
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The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between the concepts of «lobbying» and «corruption». The author analyzes domestic scientific approaches to the definition of lobbying and an understanding of its role in finding a compromise between the interests of citizens, civil servants and representatives of the corporate sector. The identification of lobbying and corruption by a significant part of citizens, according to the researcher, is due to the lack of experience of civilized lobbying in Ukraine. But, the corporate sector realizes its interests through shadow lobbyism, which often borders on outright corruption. This gives rise to a latent social conflict, which has a number of negative consequences: low economic growth rates, the tendency of a significant proportion of citizens to break the rule of law, and the lack of political stability in our state.
Particular attention is paid to the study of the norms of domestic anti-corruption legislation and draft laws published by domestic researchers and politicians, that was aimed at regulating lobbying in Ukraine. It has been ascertained that in spite of the rather wide variability of approaches to developing the circle of lobbying subjects, almost all authors of draft laws determine the list of officials who cannot be subjects of lobbying under any circumstances. We are talking about representatives of the armed forces, security structures, the judiciary and the like. Moreover, given the absence of legal regulation of lobbying and the list of officials whose activities are regulated by anti-corruption legislation, the existing shadow lobbyism is appropriate to attribute to corruption.
In the process of research, the author convincingly argues that legal lobbying cannot be considered political corruption. The main difference between lobbying and corruption (in practice) is due to the ultimate goal of the process.
An analysis of the norms of anti-corruption legislation indicates that after the adoption of any of the bills proposed by the lobbyists, corruption will be considered only the format of interaction between government officials and business representatives (or other initiative groups of citizens) that was not provide by the law. According to the author, a side effect of the adoption of the law on lobbyism will be a reduction in the list of acts that can be considered corruption, and therefore – an automatic reduction in the level of corruption in Ukraine.
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Yarovoy, Tikhon Sergeyevich. "OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS OF LOBISTRY ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE: REALITIES TODAY AND EVOLUTIONARY FORECAST." UKRAINIAN ASSEMBLY OF DOCTORS OF SCIENCES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1, no. 12 (February 14, 2018): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/vadnd.v1i12.74.
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The article is devoted to the research of goals and functions of lobbying activity. The author has processed the ideas of domestic and foreign scientists, proposed his own approaches to the definition of goals and functions of lobbying activities through the prism of public administration. As a result, a generalized vision of the goals and functions of lobbying activities as interrelated elements of the lobbying system was proposed, and a forecast for further evolution of the goals and functions of domestic lobbying was provided.
The analysis of lobbying functions allowed us to notice the tendencies in shifting the goals of this activity. If the objectives were fully covered by functions such as mediation between citizens and the state, the information function and the function of organizing plurality of public interests, then the role of strengthening the self-organization of civil society and the function of compromise become increasingly important in the process of formation in the developed countries of civil society and the development of telecommunication technologies.
Ukrainian lobbyism will not be left to the side of this process. Already, politicians of the highest level, leaders of financial and industrial groups have to act, adjust their goals (even if they are — declared), taking into account the reaction of the public. In the future, this trend will only increase. The analysis of current research and political events provides all grounds for believing that, while proper regulatory legislation is being formed in Ukraine, the goals and functions of domestic lobbying will essentially shift towards a compromise with the public.
It is noted that in spite of the existence of a basic direction of action, lobbying may have several ramified goals. Guided by the goals set, lobbyism can manifest itself in various spheres of the political system of society, combining the closely intertwined interests of various actors in the lobbying process, or even — contrasting them.
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Lewicka-Strzałecka, Anna. "Ethical model of lobbying: An analysis of the codes regulating lobbying activity." Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 20, no. 8 (March 1, 2017): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.20.8.07.
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Self-regulation initiatives are undertaken by many lobbying circles in various countries. The key element of those initiatives are codes of ethics including a postulated model of lobbying activities, a specific pattern of ethical standards of lobbying. The aim of the article is a reconstruction of this pattern on the basis of the analysis of eight codes representing American, Polish, British, European and German lobbying. The analysis leads to the following conclusions. An axiological base of the lobbyist profession is created by such values as honesty, reliability, integrity, trust, professionalism, civic responsibility, openness, transparency, loyalty, respect, courtesy. Norms included in the codes are concentrated on the following issues: legality, transparency of actions, care of reputation and dignity of the profession, avoiding corruption, conflict of interest, customer relationship, duties toward society, public relations. A weak element of lobbying self-regulation is a system of norm execution.
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Yarovoy, Tikhon Sergeyevich. "OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS OF LOBISTRY ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE: REALITIES TODAY AND EVOLUTIONARY FORECAST." UKRAINIAN ASSEMBLY OF DOCTORS OF SCIENCES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1, no. 11 (January 24, 2018): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/vadnd.v1i11.39.
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The article is devoted to the research of goals and functions of lobby- ing activity. The author has processed the ideas of domestic and foreign scientists, proposed his own approaches to the definition of goals and functions of lobbying activities through the prism of public administration. As a result, a generalized vision of the goals and functions of lobbying activities as interrelated elements of the lobbying system was proposed, and a forecast for further evolution of the goals and functions of domestic lobbying was provided.The analysis of lobbying functions allowed us to notice the tendencies in shift- ing the goals of this activity. If the objectives were fully covered by functions such as mediation between citizens and the state, the information function and the function of organizing plurality of public interests, then the role of strengthening the self-organization of civil society and the function of compromise become in- creasingly important in the process of formation in the developed countries of civil society and the development of telecommunication technologies.Ukrainian lobbyism will not be left to the side of this process. Already, politi- cians of the highest level, leaders of financial and industrial groups have to act, adjust their goals (even if they are — declared), taking into account the reaction of the public. In the future, this trend will only increase. The analysis of current research and political events provides all grounds for believing that, while proper regulatory legislation is being formed in Ukraine, the goals and functions of do- mestic lobbying will essentially shift towards a compromise with the public.It is noted that in spite of the existence of a basic direction of action, lobbying may have several ramified goals. Guided by the goals set, lobbyism can manifest itself in various spheres of the political system of society, combining the closely intertwined interests of various actors in the lobbying process, or even — contrast- ing them.
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Hansen, Thomas Bowe. "Lobbying of the IASB: An Empirical Investigation." Journal of International Accounting Research 10, no. 2 (November 1, 2011): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jiar-10078.
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ABSTRACT This paper provides evidence on how the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) generates accounting standards in the presence of lobbyists with differing preferences. I develop hypotheses regarding the associations between attributes of lobbyists and their lobbying activity, and their lobbying success. I find that lobbying success is positively related to the ability of the lobbyist to provide information to the IASB; however, this success is dependent on the credibility of the lobbyist. I also find evidence that lobbying success is associated with the impact that the lobbyists have on the viability of the IASB, measured by their financial contributions and the size of the capital market in their home country. However, this association is not present when I look only at cases where lobbyists disagree with IASB proposal drafts. This evidence is useful in evaluating the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) recent considerations regarding the adoption of IFRS by the U.S., as well as the recent change in the structure of the IASB that requires a defined geographic mix of board members by the year 2012. Data Availability: All data are publicly available from sources indicated in the paper.
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Kugay, A. I., and A. B. Davydov. "Models of Lobbying Practices in Maritime Affairs of USA and European Countries." Administrative Consulting, no. 2 (March 15, 2022): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2022-2-20-32.
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The article is based on a comparative analysis of the most effective institutionally established models of modern lobbying practices for pursuing interests in the field of maritime activities in the developed countries of Europe and the United States. The study is carried out on several grounds: the Full Time Equivalent (FTE) of a lobbyist, the expected financial investments of organizations in lobbying activities, an assessment of the transparency of the activities of lobbying organizations. Based on the revealed correlation of FTE and expected investments, the analysis of the model’s efficiency is simplified to an estimate of the value of its total FTE of the described models. Particular emphasis is placed on the analysis of lobbying in cooperation with the European Commission. It has been determined that environmental organizations and groups of influence that are not directly related to maritime activities are particularly active in lobbying for maritime activities. When comparing the lobbying infrastructure of Western countries in the context of its effectiveness in defending national interests, there is a significant advantage of the United States over the European Union. Regarding the adoption of Western models of lobbying practices and the spread of institutionalization of lobbying on the territory of the Russian Federation, it is recognized that for Russia, its maritime policy, the most effective American model would be, based on a single legal basis, allowing taxed lobbying agents to act in concert on the domestic and global market in the interests of private companies and the nation state.
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Gorovaya, Ya I., and E. A. Kremyanskaya. "Lobbying: Its Role in and Impact on the US Government System." Journal of Law and Administration 18, no. 1 (April 2, 2022): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2022-1-62-63-72.
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Introduction. The article provides an overview of lobbying regulations in the United States. The US lobbying legislation is an integral part of the whole country legislation system, with its regulations helping, in particular, to make the influence exerted by lobbyists on the decision-making process transparent. The statusquo of lobbying anywhere except the US, Canada and the European Union is nonidentical as there still have not been enacted any direct laws and statutory instruments regulating this field elsewhere [8].Lobbying is thus apt to be misinterpreted due to its misperceiving and insufficient awareness. Consequently, the myth that “bribing” is an equitable sobriquet for “lobbying” is still going strong and has yet to be dissected. The author delves into the origins and history of lobbying in the US, tracing its enhancement and indicating legal loopholes still remaining despite seemingly exhaustive disclosure required. The author equally inquiries into theoretical justifications for regulating lobbying from deliberative democratic theory. “Grassroots lobbying” and “shadow lobbying” constitute likewise matters of concern to the article.Materials and methods. The author employs both general and specialized scientific methods in the study. The issue of US lobbying development is addressed by means of historical method. In detecting legal loopholes and propounding other approaches used in relation to them either on federal level or in certain states, a comparative legal analysis and a logical method are combined.Study results. The research has revealed that lobbying activities in general and lobbying practices in particular unfold at every level of government. The acts adopted throughout the US lobbying history provide a range of definitions for the terms “lobbyist” and “lobby groups”, clarify the status of lobbyists and circumscribe the cases of obligatory disclosure of lobbying activities. Lobbying appears to be a thriving field due to it exerting immense influence on legislative process, as well as the outcome of the elections. Last but not least, the study has ascertained the US lobbying system as the one attempting not to leave any of lobbying activities opaque from public perspective by means of eliminating legal loopholes. Thus, lobbying regulations significantly contribute to fostering transparency and democracy overall.Discussion and conclusion. From our perspective, lobbying exists even when unregulated, hence not only its regulations do not constitute corruption, but they can also serve as a means of outlawing the latter by bringing policy makers under close scrutiny, i.e. establishing certain limitations pertaining their interactions with lobbyists and lobby groups hence the decision-making process. With the aforesaid aim, as well as with the aim of keeping the decision-making process transparent in general, lobbying legislation in the US has been gradually developing in scale and sophistication to eventually encompass the vast number of lobbying interactions.
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Bolshakov, Sergey, Yulia Bolshakova, and Egor Minchenkov. "The role and impact of lobbying on society (as perceived by the people of the FRG)." Science. Culture. Society 29, no. 4 (December 15, 2023): 110–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/nko.2023.29.4.9.
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The article considers the modern perception of the phenomenon of lobbyism, states the influence of interest groups on political processes in the countries of the European continent. The authors emphasize the relevance of the study of lobbyism, which is determined by the processes of political change and integration of the national and international economic space of the European Union and the Federal Republic of Germany. On the basis of secondary interpretation of sociological data the researchers reveal the problems of public assessment of lobbyism, its influence on political processes in the EU countries. Attention is emphasized on the importance of society's requirements to the transparency of interest groups and lobbying. The position of the respondents regarding the maintenance of a register of lobbyists at the level of Germany and the EU as a necessary tool of public control is seen as important. Based on the results of the research, a conclusion was made about the influence of interest groups on the lobbying process. The basis of modern interpretations of lobbying is not the theory of pluralism or corporatism, but the theory of network management. According to the respondents, industrial corporations and the leading sectors of the German and EU economy, rather than politicians and political parties, benefit more from lobbying in the Federal Republic of Germany. These surveys suggest a dominance of lobbyists from the economic sphere of the industrial sectors, which, according to the respondents, gain an economic advantage when working in markets. At the same time, it is the authorities that receive a positive effect from lobbying in terms of expert information support of political activity. The authors conclude that it is necessary to further study the influence of interest groups and lobbyists on political processes and further deepen the transparency of the lobbying process, more detailed disclosure of administrative and tax reporting in order to increase public confidence in politicians, business and government.
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Lewicka-Strzałecka, Anna. "Etyczny wzór lobbingu: analiza kodeksów regulujących działalność lobbingową." Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 15 (January 1, 2012): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.15.10.
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Self-regulation initiatives are undertaken by many lobbing circles in various countries. The key element of those initiatives are codes of ethics including a postulated model of lobbying activities, a specific pattern of ethical standards of lobbying. The aim of the article is a reconstruction of this pattern on the basis of the analysis of eight codes representing American, Polish, British, European and German lobbying. The analysis leads to the following conclusions. An axiological base of the lobbyist profession is created by such values as honesty, reliability, integrity, trust, professionalism, civil responsibility, openness, transparency, loyalty, respect, courtesy. Norms included in the codes are concentrated on the following issues: legality, transparency of actions, care of reputation and dignity of profession, avoiding corruption, conflict o f interest, customer relationship, duties toward society, public relations. A weak element of lobbying self-regulation is a system of norm execution.
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Kremyanskaya, E. A. "Legal Aspects of Regulating Lobbying in the United States of America and Canada." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 2(35) (April 28, 2014): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-2-35-161-168.
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The author reviews history and peculiarities of the legal regulations of lobbying in USA and Canada, points out the tendencies of the legislation development. USA and Canada are among the first countries, which included legal regulations on the lobbying relations in the state government. The author explores the evolution of development of the lobbying legislation in the USA, and in particular reviews the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1976, Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995, as well as evolution of the Canadian legislation, where the Act on Lobbying of 1989 is in force, which had substantial changes during the last ten years. Taking into consideration the territorial form of state, the author reviews not only the federal legislation, but also laws on the level of states and provinces of these federations. Besides, the author covers the activity of the control bodies, order of registration and reporting by lobbyists of their professional activity, reveals pro and cons of the legal regulations of such institution as lobbying. In the article there is the list of information, which should be provided by lobbyists to the control bodies and the author correctly mentions that this list in USA is much wider, comparing to Canadian regulations. In the article the author reviews the liability for violations of lobbying legislation. In particular, in the USA the criminal liability is applied up to 5 years of imprisonment and financial penalties up to 200 thousand US dollars. Based on the USA and Canada experience the author reveals the key issues, which should be fixed by the legal regulations in the country and in particular: the clear definition of the lobbying and lobbyist, necessity of disclosure on the information about client and amounts paid, fixing in the control mechanisms and liability.
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Tripathi, Micky, Stephen Ansolabehere, and James M. Snyder. "Are PAC Contributions and Lobbying Linked? New Evidence from the 1995 Lobby Disclosure Act." Business and Politics 4, no. 2 (August 2002): 131–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1034.
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This paper uses newly available data from the 1995 Lobby Disclosure Act to assess the argument that PAC contributions are used to gain access to legislators. First, we find a much stronger connection between lobbying and campaign contributions than previous statistical research has revealed—groups that have both a lobbyist and a PAC account for 70 percent of all interest group expenditures and 86 percent of all PAC contributions. Second, we find that groups that engage in relatively large amounts of lobbying-and therefore presumably have a high demand for access—allocate their campaign contributions differently than groups that do not. Groups that emphasize lobbying pay more attention to members' positions of power inside Congress, and less attention to members' electoral circumstances, than other groups. Groups that emphasize lobbying also appear to be more bipartisan and less ideological than other groups, giving more equally to both parties and more broadly across the ideological spectrum.
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Karpova, N. V. "Political culture as a factor of civilized lobbying establishment in contemporary Russia." Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science 24, no. 4 (January 12, 2019): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2018-24-4-135-150.
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The article is devoted to the study of civilized lobbyism formation in contemporary Russia in the context of the political culture peculiarities. The author explains the use of the concept of “civilized lobbyism” from the standpoint of the presence of various interpretations of lobbying in political science, which prevents a clear separation of legitimate and illegitimate forms of interests’ representation, while the object of research is primarily the legal technologies of influence on power. Political culture is regarded as one of the subjective factors determining the functioning of the mechanisms of interests’ representation in the political system, as well as the specifics of lobbying activities in each particular state. The influence of political culture on the process of lobbying in Russia is analyzed not only at the level of political orientations and behavior of individuals and groups, but also at the level of institutional structures. To study the impact of the political culture on the formation of social practices of lobbying, the author refers to the institutional concept of D. North, in which the mechanism of functioning of social and political institutions is revealed through the correlation of formal and informal rules, norms, attitudes and behaviours. In the context of the development of the democratic representation of interests in contemporary Russia particular attention is given to the problem of preserving and dominating historically established authoritarian orientations in the relations of society and power, as well as the traditions of paternalism and clientellism. However, the author believes that it is not correct to reduce the influence from the political culture mostly to the national traditions. It is concluded that the fundamental condition for the development of civilized lobbying in present day Russia is the is the parallel formation of legal foundations and the corresponding matrix of political culture, both at the level of subjects of lobbying relations and at the level of interests’ representation institutions.
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Bryhinets, Oleksandr, Olena Нalus, and Iryna Ryzhuk. "Prospects of legal regulation of contractual relations in the sphere of lobbying management as a counteraction to corruption at the municipal level." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 44 (September 29, 2021): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.44.08.4.
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The objective of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the problem of interpretation of contractual relations and their management into the legal field of the national legislation to achieve the significant reduction of corruption at the municipal level on the territory of our country. To achieve this objective, a set of philosophical-worldview, general scientific (analysis, synthesis) and special-scientific methods (systemic, structural-functional, comparative-legal) have been used. It is proved that lobbying is a subjective factor that affects the process of municipal legal regulation. Emphasis is placed on the expediency of introducing the contractual form of regulation of relations on lobbying management decisions at the municipal level. The contract on lobbying at the municipal level is defined as a multilateral agreement between the customer, lobbyist and the body of local government, which has a public-law character, establishes contractual rules of law on lobbying to influence the process of adopting normative municipal-legal acts. It is concluded that it is extremely important to organize and regulate lobbying in any country in the world, because if this phenomenon cannot be completely eradicated, it must be regulated from the legal point of view, which, in the end, will significantly reduce the level of corruption in the society.
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Bryhinets, Oleksandr, Olena Нalus, and Iryna Ryzhuk. "Prospects of legal regulation of contractual relations in the sphere of lobbying management as a counteraction to corruption at the municipal level." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 44 (September 29, 2021): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.44.08.4.
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The objective of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the problem of interpretation of contractual relations and their management into the legal field of the national legislation to achieve the significant reduction of corruption at the municipal level on the territory of our country. To achieve this objective, a set of philosophical-worldview, general scientific (analysis, synthesis) and special-scientific methods (systemic, structural-functional, comparative-legal) have been used. It is proved that lobbying is a subjective factor that affects the process of municipal legal regulation. Emphasis is placed on the expediency of introducing the contractual form of regulation of relations on lobbying management decisions at the municipal level. The contract on lobbying at the municipal level is defined as a multilateral agreement between the customer, lobbyist and the body of local government, which has a public-law character, establishes contractual rules of law on lobbying to influence the process of adopting normative municipal-legal acts. It is concluded that it is extremely important to organize and regulate lobbying in any country in the world, because if this phenomenon cannot be completely eradicated, it must be regulated from the legal point of view, which, in the end, will significantly reduce the level of corruption in the society.
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Dolgikh, Fedor I. "Lobbying in the USA as a Competitive Tool." Journal of Modern Competition 16, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37791/2687-0657-2022-16-5-116-129.
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The economic sphere of society in the United States is a highly competitive environment, within which there is a clash of various interest groups seeking to influence political decision-making in order to ensure the most favorable business conditions for themselves. The purpose of the study is to consider lobbying as a competitive tool for various business sectors in the United States. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to analyze the features of the economic sphere of US society as a competitive environment; to consider the legal basis for regulating lobbying activities in the United States; to determine the methods of lobbying; to analyze the overall structure of lobbying expenses in the United States and determine the share of business expenses in various sectors; to determine the place of the two leading political parties in the United States – Democratic and Republican – in the process of lobbying the interests of various business sectors and the reasons for such a difference. The study covers the period of the 2020 election cycle in the United States. The problem of lobbying the interests of business sectors is considered on the example of the competition between Donald Trump and Joe Biden in the 2020 US presidential election. The work is based on a dialectical research method. According to the results of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that in the structure of lobbying activities, lobbying for business interests repeatedly prevails over lobbying for the interests of the non-profit sector. Lobbying is a form of competitive struggle, one of the ways to carry out competitive actions, an instrument of competition between various business sectors for the establishment of the most favorable conditions for their sector. According to the results of the 2020 presidential election, the communications and electronics sector won in the person of its key lobbyist, Democratic candidate Joe Biden. During the election campaign, both Trump and Biden used a marketing approach, “selling” their “political product” that expressed the interests of certain business sectors, certain groups of voters whose consumer preferences would allow them to “realize” this “product”. The intersectoral competition of various business sectors harmoniously integrated into the political competition of the two leading political parties in the United States.
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Miller, Charles. "Lobbying." Contemporary Record 2, no. 1 (March 1988): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13619468808580945.
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BUSHY, ANGELINE, and THOMAS O. SMITH. "Lobbying." Nursing Management (Springhouse) 21, no. 4 (April 1990): 39???45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006247-199004000-00011.
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Konko, S. G. "FORMATION OF THE CONTINENTAL MODEL OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF LOBBYING IN MODERN RUSSIA." Territory Development, no. 2(20) (2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32324/2412-8945-2020-2-45-50.
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Lobbying is essential part of a democratic society and it is impossible to deny its existence in modern Russia. Despite that fact, Russia had not officially recognized the existing phenomenon, and the relations in this area had not been regulated by law. Examine the experience of other countries and comparing it with known manifestations of lobbying in Russia, it is necessary to relate it to known models. This will make it possible to identify the state of development of this institution in our country, avoid the specific errors of the system, predict the possible direction of development and improvement of this mechanism. The study of the phenomenon of the emergence of vested interests, their place in the political system, as well as the concept of ‘lobbyism' and the mechanisms of its legal regulation led to the conclusion that a model of state corporatism has developed in Russia, and a continental model of the legal regime-regulation of lobbying. Research had revealed the need to improve and establish new institutions for the articulation of group interests, the adoption of a law on lobbying and the establishment of a public register of lobbyists.
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Abyzova, Larysa, and Kateryna Nechiporuk. "LOBBYING IN UKRAINE’S CURRENT POLITICAL COORDINATES." Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no. 23 (2018): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2018.23.1.
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Actualization of development problem of lobbying institution in legal, political and socio-cultural areas is caused not only by practical need in political development of Ukraine, but also by consequence of a general political science theoretical development. This article analyses the study of a powerful resource of political power - groups of pressure in the current political coordinates of Ukraine. Lobbyism is interpreted as a phenomenon conditioned by the peculiarities of American political process and American legislation, but it is emphasized that special mechanisms and methods of pressure on political government by non-governmental structures is inherent in any democratic system of government. It has been found that the system of pressure by "interested groups" is actively forming and operating in Ukraine, however, lobbyism in our country has not received proper coverage and legal regulation. The purpose of lobbying is to consolidate pressure groups’ interests or third parties’ interests in decisions management. It is noted that the methods of lobbyism that contain unlawful actions in spite of external decency (for example, corruption component) are used quite widely. The emphasis is made on the fact that most political decisions are not formed on the level of open official rule, but in the hidden process of rivalry, adaptation and regulation among numerous interested groups. Obviously, political leadership in Ukraine is largely controlled by large business structures. Currently in Ukraine there is awareness about a need in institutionalization of lobbyism as part of political and democratic process, which, under conditions of legally regulated use, can contribute to the formation of a promising strategy for the development of Ukrainian state. It is concluded that dynamics of political space development in Ukraine depend on the constructive interaction between state institutions and pressure groups.
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Choradia, Nirmal, Aaron Philip Mitchell, and Ryan David Nipp. "Healthcare lobbying and oncology." JCO Oncology Practice 19, no. 11_suppl (November 2023): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/op.2023.19.11_suppl.5.
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5 Background: The healthcare industry spends more on lobbying than any other industry, with over $700 million spent in 2022. However, healthcare lobbying related specifically to cancer has not been characterized. In the current study, we analyze both overall health sector lobbying spending and oncology-related lobbying spending across both provider and patient organizations. Methods: We obtained lobbying data from OpenSecrets.org and the Federal Election Commission website. We categorized overall health sector lobbying spending as (1) Pharmaceuticals/Health Products, (2) Health Services/HMOs, (3) Hospitals/Nursing Homes, or (4) Health Professionals. We identified and categorized oncology-related lobbying organizations: (1) Oncology Physician Professional Organizations (OPOs, e.g., ASCO); (2) PPS-Exempt Cancer Hospitals; (3) Patient Advocacy Organizations; and (4) Provider Networks (e.g., US Oncology Network). We analyzed temporal trends in lobbying spending, in both overall dollar value (inflation-adjusted 2023 dollars) and in per-physician spending (using AAMC data for number of hematologists/oncologists). Significance was analyzed using a Mann-Kendall Trend Test. Results: Of overall health sector lobbying, Pharmaceuticals/Health Products had the greatest increase in lobbying spending from 2014 to 2022, with an increase from $294 million to $376 million (28%, p = 0.0006). In contrast, lobbying spending by health professionals did not change over this period, remaining at $96 million (p = 0.35). Regarding oncology-related lobbying, per-physician spending by OPOs and PPS-exempt cancer hospitals increased (Table). Overall, OPO lobbying has increased as a percentage of overall physician lobbying from 1.16% in 2014 to 3.76% in 2022 (not shown). Conclusions: While overall health sector lobbying spending by physicians/health professional lobbying has been relatively stable in recent years, lobbying spending by OPOs has increased. Continued efforts to understand the utility and value of lobbying in healthcare and across oncology are needed as the costs of care continue to rise. [Table: see text]
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Strickland, James M. "Bifurcated lobbying in America: group benefits and lobbyist selection." Interest Groups & Advocacy 9, no. 2 (May 8, 2020): 131–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41309-020-00090-0.
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D’Halluin, Joseph. "Vé-lobbying." Revue Projet N°378, no. 5 (2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pro.378.0014.
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Austen-Smith, David, and John R. Wright. "Counteractive Lobbying." American Journal of Political Science 38, no. 1 (February 1994): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2111334.
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Scott, Lancer A. "Lobbying Mediocrity." Academic Emergency Medicine 15, no. 7 (July 2008): 669–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00155.x.
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Bennedsen, Morten, and Sven E. Feldmann. "Lobbying Bureaucrats." Scandinavian Journal of Economics 108, no. 4 (December 2006): 643–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9442.2006.00473.x.
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Baron, David P. "Lobbying dynamics." Journal of Theoretical Politics 31, no. 3 (June 16, 2019): 403–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951629819850630.
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Many if not most government policies, regulations, and laws continue in effect unless changed by the legislature, providing a natural dynamic to the political process. Lobbying is a ubiquitous component of that process and can affect both proposal making and voting. This paper characterizes Markov perfect equilibria of a dynamic legislative bargaining model with stable policies and durable coalitions despite lobbying. Interest groups aligned with challenges to the incumbent coalition have a greater willingness to pay than have the defending interest groups, but the defenders have a legislative incumbency advantage in needing to counter-lobby fewer legislators than the challengers lobby. If legislators are sufficiently patient, equilibria exist such that the defenders of the incumbent coalition are successful. More than a minimal majority may be lobbied by the challengers, and coalitions can be surplus. Lobbying can increase proposal power, resulting in a more unequal distribution within a coalition.
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Rush, Michael. "LOBBYING PARLIAMENT." Parliamentary Affairs 43, no. 2 (April 1990): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pa.a052240.
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McINTOSH, DIANA. "GRASSROOTS LOBBYING." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 89, no. 11 (November 1989): 1515–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-198911000-00033.
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Maddox, John. "Auto-lobbying." Nature 316, no. 6027 (August 1985): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/316384b0.
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Nicoll Victor, Jennifer. "Strategic Lobbying." American Politics Research 35, no. 6 (September 28, 2007): 826–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x07300681.
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Bennedsen, Morten, and Sven E. Feldmann. "Lobbying Legislatures." Journal of Political Economy 110, no. 4 (August 2002): 919–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/340775.
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Mitchell, James. "Lobbying 'Brussels'." European Urban and Regional Studies 2, no. 4 (October 1995): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096977649500200401.
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Felli, Leonardo, and Antonio Merlo. "Endogenous Lobbying." Journal of the European Economic Association 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 180–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jeea.2006.4.1.180.
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Contestabile, Monica. "Lobbying impacts." Nature Sustainability 2, no. 7 (July 2019): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0344-9.
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Felgenhauer, Mike, and Hans Peter Grüner. "Distortionary lobbying." Economics of Governance 8, no. 3 (October 11, 2006): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10101-006-0024-x.
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Bordeianu, Sever M. "Federal lobbying." Government Information Quarterly 8, no. 1 (January 1991): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0740-624x(91)90032-4.
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Schreck, Philipp. "Responsible Lobbying." Controlling 36, no. 1 (2024): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0935-0381-2024-1-37.
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Unternehmen haben ein Interesse daran, sich auf Standards verantwortlicher Interessenvertretung festzulegen, um die gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz ihrer politischen Interessenvertretung zu sichern. Der vorliegende Beitrag klärt Gegenstand und Beurteilungskriterien von Responsible Lobbying und diskutiert Ansatzpunkte der Steuerung im Sinne einer koordinationsorientierten Controlling-Konzeption.
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Polk, Andreas, and Armin Schmutzler. "Lobbying against environmental regulation vs. lobbying for loopholes." European Journal of Political Economy 21, no. 4 (December 2005): 915–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2005.04.003.
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Harris, Erica E., Ryan D. Leece, and Daniel G. Neely. "Nonprofit lobby expense reporting." Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 29, no. 4 (March 1, 2017): 522–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-29-04-2017-b004.
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AbstractWe investigate the determinants and consequences of nonprofit lobbying activity by analyzing 501(c)(3) nonprofit lobbying choices as reported on the primary tax form, Form 990. Under the Internal Revenue Code (IRC), nonprofits may lose their tax exempt status if they engage in a substantial amount of lobbying. We examine lobbying choices across three dimensions: (1) the test used to determine whether lobbying activities are substantial (i.e., making an H-election) (2) whether lobbying activities are directly related to the mission of the nonprofit (i.e., program related) (3) whether an affiliate nonprofit lobbies on behalf of a nonprofit. Results indicate lobbying choices are associated with the amount of lobbying reported and the amount of contributions received. Additionally, our results provide some evidence that nonprofit lobbying choices allowed under the IRC are underutilized.
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SOKUR, Stanislav. "TRANSFORMATION OF LOBBYING INSTRUMENTS FOR ECONOMIC STAKEHOLDERS IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES." Economy of Ukraine 2021, no. 5 (May 21, 2021): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2021.05.078.
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The article examines current developments of lobbying institutionalization on the state level in European countries from 2014 to 2021, in particular, the definitions of lobbying and lobbyists, their goals, the availability of lobbying registers and the available ways for lobbying by economic stakeholders. Recent legislation on lobbying of Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania and the United Kingdom is analyzed. The dynamics of the adoption of laws on lobbying in European countries in recent years is demonstrated, given the specifics of the legal regimes of these countries. The article also shows examples of lobbying by economic stakeholders and lobbyists' reporting in accordance with the current legislation of the countries concerned. It has been proven that today the field of lobbying is on the rise, since in the last seven years eight countries in Europe have adopted laws regulating lobbying. Thus, the total growth of countries adopted lobbying regulation by European OECD member-states for the period of last 7 years constituted 67% of overall lobbying regulation by OECD member-states for the previous 75 years. These impressive numbers are expected to increase in the coming years, and it is very important that such lobbying rules to be adopted in accordance with international standards for lobbying regulation. The article also shows practical cases of lobbying and demonstrates that the range of lobbying targets in the modern world is incredibly wide. International organizations such as the United Nations, the Red Cross, Doctors Without Borders, etc. influences transparently policy-making in European countries. Regulation of lobbying legislation allows to influence decision-making to both non-governmental organizations and representatives of the private sector. Thus, there is an articulation and aggregation of interests in societies, which improves the quality of decisions made by public authorities.
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Kostyaev, S. "Korean Lobby in the U.S.: Free Trade Agreement, Military Cooperation." World Economy and International Relations, no. 8 (2010): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2010-8-95-101.
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In the article, the specificity of the Korean lobbyism in the USA and its activity in a number of principal directions of the U.S.–South Korea relations are analyzed. A glimpse of lobbyism as a political system institute is provided, a comparison between Korean and other foreign lobbies is drawn. The lobbying of the own interests on the Korean part at both governmental and business level is examined.
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Marsicano, Christopher R., and Christopher Brooks. "Professor Smith Goes to Washington: Educational Interest Group Lobbying, 1998–2017." Educational Researcher 49, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x20921845.
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Congressional lobbying by education-related interest groups is an understudied subject in education research. This brief uses congressional lobbying expenditure data from 1998 to 2017 to examine trends in lobbying behavior by labor unions; K–12 education providers; and public, private nonprofit, and for-profit higher education institutions. Education interest groups have spent in excess of $2 billion lobbying Congress since 1998. Higher education institutions represent a disproportionate share of lobbying activity and expenditures, accounting for almost 70% of education-focused interest groups and around 80% of education-related lobbying expenditures. Lobbying expenditures steadily rose until 2011 before rapidly declining. The brief speculates as to the possible reasons for these trends and concludes with a call for greater research on lobbying for education.
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Rasch, Daniel. "Lobbying-Regulierung in den deutschen Bundesländern – ein Vergleich." Interessengruppen und Recht, Interessengruppen im Recht 13, no. 2-2020 (October 23, 2020): 344–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/dms.v13i2.03.
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Der Beitrag zeigt, dass die Regulierung von Interessenvertretung und Lobbying, als spezielle Form, im Allgemeinen in den Bundesländern zwar existiert, jedoch in Teilen erheblich variiert. Erstens erfassen nicht alle Regulierungen sowohl die Legislative als auch die Exekutive, das heißt, vor allem bei der Regulierung von Interessenvertretung gegenüber den Ministerien besteht Nachholbedarf. Zweitens sind die Entscheidungsträger*innen per se zu selten Gegenstand der Regulierung, insbesondere was die Karenzzeiten, also den Wechsel zwischen den Berufen, angeht. Wenn Interessenvertretung reguliert wird, finden sich drittens noch relativ viele Verweise auf Akteurstypen wie Verbände, Gewerkschaften, kommunale Spitzenverbände oder Berufsverbände. Inhouse-Lobbying, also die Interessenvertretung von Firmen und neuere Formen des Lobbyings, beispielsweise durch Agenturen oder Think Tanks, sind hier kaum von den Regulierungen erfasst. Viertens zeigt ein kurzer Blick in die Transparenz- und Informationsport le, dass in den seltensten Fällen Informationen über die konsultierten Akteure und deren Positionen zu erkennen sind und es somit an Transparenz über die Entscheidungsfindung mangelt.
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Bauer, Theresa. "Responsible lobbying: an empirical study in the EU." Annals in Social Responsibility 2, no. 1 (May 3, 2016): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/asr-08-2015-0009.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the awareness and practice responsible lobbying in the EU. Specifically, the purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which responsible lobbying criteria are fulfilled and to investigate whether responsible lobbying yields concrete benefits in the political arena. Design/methodology/approach The study takes a quantitative approach combining descriptive and multivariate partial least squares (PLS) analysis based on data gained from an online survey among lobbyists in the EU. A new measurement instrument for responsible lobbying is used that grasps the multidimensional phenomenon with a formative-formative higher-order construct. Findings The study reveals that criteria of responsible lobbying are fulfilled to a large extent according to the lobbyists. The PLS analysis confirms the applicability of the multidimensional model of responsible lobbying, although there is only a weak link between Dimension (1), referring to the company’s stated corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitment and coherence with lobbying and the second-order construct responsible lobbying. Based on the information given by respondents, the analysis provides evidence for a positive impact of responsible lobbying on both lobbying success and corporate reputation, but also for the dependence of these two variables on additional factors. Originality/value Responsible lobbying as an aligned approach to CSR and lobbying is a long neglected research topic, which has been gaining interest recently. This study contributes to empirical knowledge on the awareness and practice of responsible lobbying in the EU by taking a quantitative approach based on a solid theoretical foundation.