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Academic literature on the topic 'Loase, épidémiologie'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Loase, épidémiologie"
Noireau, François. "Épidémiologie des filarioses à Loa loa et Mansonella perstans dans le massif du Chaillu congolais." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL12017.
Full textEn zone de forêt, un homme reçoit de3. 500 à 4. 000 piqûres par an, les deux-tiers étant dues à C. Silacea. Le taux mensuel d'agressivité infectieuse varie entre0. 5 à 5. 5 piqûres infectantes par individu selon le mois de transmission. Celle-ci ne s'opère que durant la saison des pluies. Le potentiel annuel de transmission est compris entre 200 et 300 larves infectantes par homme selon l'année. La transmission est également assurée au niveau des villages. Le pourcentage d'infection de la population ne dépend pas uniquement du contact homme-Chrysops, mais reflète également la sommation des capacités de réponse des individus au parasite. Introduite depuis peu dans la thérapeutique de la loase, l'ivermectine permet une réduction élevée de la microfilarémie (80%). Sa bonne tolérance clinique et sa facilité d'administration permettent d'envisager son utiliation à grande échelle. Dès à présent, cette molécule savère intéressante comme traitement préliminaire à l'administration de diéthylcarbamazine. L'interception des Chrysops, illusoire en forêt, pourrait être assurée par le piégeage dans les villages. Le modèle de piège performant reste cependant à créer. Le taux de prévalence des porteurs de microfilaires de M. Perstans, et la charge microfilarienne médiane, sont plus élevés chez les Pygmées (67. 5% ; 650 mf ml-1) que chez les Bantous (22. 0% ; 100 mf ml-1). Un contact plus étroit des Pygmées avec les Culicoides favorise leur infection plus précoce et plus intense. Culicoides grahamii est le vecteur principal de M. Persatns et son taux d'infestation est inférieur à 1%. C. Kumbaensis pourraient jouer un rôle secondaire dans la transmission
Kamgno, Joseph. "Etudes sur l' impact de l' onchocercose, l' effet macrofilaricide de l' ivermectine et les difficultés liées à la co-endémie avec la loase." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066420.
Full textPion, Sébastien. "Contribution à la modélisation des filarioses à "Onchocerca volvulus" et à "Loa loa" en Afrique centrale." Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002140040204611&vid=upec.
Full textOnchocerciasis, a parasitic disease caused by infection with the filaria Onchocerca volvulus, s transmitted by simuliid black flies that breed in fast-flowing streams. Onchocerciasis constitutes a major public health problem in Africa, where 18 million people are nfected Blindness, the most severe complication of the disease, affects 300. 000 individuals. Since the 1990's, onchocerciasis control is based upon annual large scale treatment of the populations by a drug which kills the embryonic stages of the parasite, ivermectin. A good knowledge of both the population structure and the transmission dynamics are necessary when one wants to assess the impact of the treatments. Our researches allow us to document these issues and aso the demographic burden of onchocerciasis in a focus of central Cameroon our results should contribute to adjust mathematical models developed to predict the ong term effects of control activities. In other respects. Patients infected with an other filarial species, Loa Joa, being at risk to develop adverse reactions, such encephalopathy, following ivermectin intake, we also analysed the transmission dynamics of this parasite
Chesnais, Cédric. "Recherches épidémiologiques appliquées à la lutte contre les filarioses en Afrique centrale." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON1T016/document.
Full textThe African Program (APOC) and the (GPELF), relying on the mass drug administration of ivermectine or of a combination of ivermectin and albendazole, respectively, are undeniably successful. Nonetheless, in Central Africa where loiasis is endemic, control operations are hampered by the possible occurence of ivermectine-induced severe adverse events in individuals harbouring more than 30 000 microfilaria of Loa loa per mL whole blood. The outstanding results obtained by APOC have recently led the programme to adopt a more ambitious goal than originally defined (elimination of the disease as a public health concern) : eliminating transmission. The elimination objectives of APOC and of the GPELF arise the need for mapping lymphatic filariasis and hypoendemic onchocerciasis areas in Central Africa, and strenghten the need to develop control strategies for loiasis coendemic areas. Our researches bring new insight into the epidemiology of lymphatic filariasis in Central Africa. The highly focal distribution of the disease, and the risk factors that we identified should be accounted for when defining the scale used for mapping processes. Furthermore, we observed that the immunochromatographic card test (ICT) used for mapping lymphatic filariasis might display false positive result in case of high L. loa microfilarial density (cross reaction), which will constitute a challenge for control programmes. Our work also allowed to develop alternative strategies for launching control programmes in areas of coendemy with L. loa. We participated in the developement of a technique to test (and exclude from mass drug administration) the individuals at risk of post-ivermectin severe adverse events. Besides, we showed that a semiannual mass drug administration of albendazole alone was deemed to be a suitable alternative strategy to standard lymphatic filariasis treatment applicable in loiasis endemic areas. As for the diagnosis, we highlighted the interest of semi-quantitative reading of diagnostic tests for lymphatic filariasis. Eventually, we studied the relation between the microfilaremia of L. loa and the histories of Calabar oedema and of sub-conjonctival migration of the adult worm, at the individual level
Drali, Rezak. "Poux humains : différenciation, distribution phylogéographique, host-switching et contrôle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5070/document.
Full textHead louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) and body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) are two indistinguishable ecotypes each occupying an ecological niche: hair for head louse and clothing for the body louse. Body louse represents a real threat to humans because of its role as vector for the transmission of three deleterious diseases namely epidemic typhus, trench fever and relapsing fever.In this thesis, we obtained concrete results that have led to scientific publications. Indeed, we (i) implemented a molecular tool to differentiate for the first time between head and body louse, (ii) we highlighted the existence of a fourth mitochondrial clade (Clade D) comprising head and body lice that can vectorize Bartonella quintana and Yersinia pestis, (iii) we traced human migration through the analysis of ancient lice from different periods and different area, (iv) we demonstrated for the first time that Pediculus mjobergi is genetically close to human louse and confirmed the hypothesis that initially Pediculus mjobergi was a human louse has been transferred to New World monkeys by the first humans who have reached the American continent thousands of years ago and (v) we have implemented a tool for detecting and monitoring the molecular resistance to permethrin of body lice that parasite sheltered homeless persons in Marseille. This tool was particularly useful in the clinical study we conducted to determine whether the use of long-lasting insecticide-treated underwear provides effective long-term protection against body lice in homeless persons