Relevant bibliographies by topics / Loading rate

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Loading rate'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Loading rate"

1

Wu, W., J. C. Li, and J. Zhao. "Loading Rate Dependency of Dynamic Responses of Rock Joints at Low Loading Rate." Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 45, no. 3 (2011): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00603-011-0212-z.

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Tafili, Merita, Alischa Albared, Luis Felipe Prada-Sarmiento, and Torsten Wichtmann. "Loading rate influence on high-cyclic loading of clays." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 173 (October 2023): 108103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2023.108103.

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Farr, John V. "One‐Dimensional Loading‐Rate Effects." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 116, no. 1 (1990): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1990)116:1(119).

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Chernozub, A. A. "HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN UNTRAINED YOUNG MEN UNDER DIFFERENT POWER LOADING MODES." Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 69, no. 1-2 (2015): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn.v69.i1-2.942.

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Aim: to study features of variability of a rhythm of heart at unexercised young men under the influence of power loadings in the conditions of application of certain training modes in the course of long occupations by athleticism. Patients and methods: 40 young men participated in inspections at the age of 19–20 years, not having contraindications for occupations with burdenings. Research of indicators of training loading of both groups used by representatives in the course of occupations conducted a method of definition of an index of training loading in athleticism. For determination of values of indicators of the statistical and spectral analysis of a rhythm of heart the Polar RS800CX cardiomonitor was used. Control of studied indicators at rest and after power loading carried out for 3 months of occupations by athleticism with an interval in 1 month. Results: use in the course of occupations by athleticism of power loadings with large volume of work and low intensity considerably increases activity of the central mechanisms of neurohumoral regulation of a rhythm of heart due to decrease in parasympathetic activation of autonomous nervous system on sinusovy knot of heart, than loading of high intensity with a small volume of work. Conclusions: the result of long-term adaptation to occupations by athleticism, in the conditions of different modes of loading, is characterized by existence of an ekonomization of functioning of cardiovascular system of the unexercised contingent.
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Rossi, Pierre. "Influence of the Loading Rate on the Cracking Process of Concrete in Quasi-Static Loading Domain." CivilEng 4, no. 1 (2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng4010001.

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This study presents analysis of two types of experimental test related to the crack propagation in concrete specimens subjected to high-sustained loading levels and quasi-static loadings. The concept of the equivalent crack length is introduced to perform this analysis. Even though this analysis is partial, it shows the influence of loading rate conditions on the crack process rate. This result shows that, in the domains of low and very low loading rates, the concrete mechanical characteristics linked to the cracking process (for example, tensile strength, post-cracking behaviour, etc.) are dependent on the loading rates applied to the specimens for determining them.
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McCarron, W. O., J. C. Lawrence, R. J. Werner, J. T. Germaine, and D. F. Cauble. "Cyclic direct simple shear testing of a Beaufort Sea clay." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 32, no. 4 (1995): 584–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t95-061.

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Results are presented for undrained direct simple shear tests on a Beaufort Sea cohesive soil. Monotonic and one-way cyclic loading response characteristics are identified for a number of loading scenarios. The critical level of repeated loadings (CLRL) is determined for two overconsolidation ratios from tests having 30 000 cycles of loading. Postcyclic strength tests indicate that one-way cyclic loadings not causing failure have a strain-hardening effect on the material. High strain-rate testing is found to increase soil strength by as much as 40% compared with typical testing strain rates. Key words : strength, cyclic testing, clay, simple shear, strain rate.
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Chung, Yoo-Ri, Kyung Ho Lee, and Kihwang Lee. "Clinical Application of Intravitreal Aflibercept Injection for Diabetic Macular Edema Comparing Two Loading Regimens." Medicina 59, no. 3 (2023): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59030558.

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Background and Objectives: We investigated and compared the efficacy of three and five monthly loading regimens of an intravitreal aflibercept injection (IVA) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study that included patients diagnosed with DME and treated with an either three or five monthly aflibercept loading regimen from July 2018 to March 2022. Information on clinical characteristics and changes in the central retinal thickness (CRT) were obtained from medical records. Results: In total, 44 eyes of 44 patients with DME treated with IVA were included in this study, with 30 eyes treated with 3-monthly loadings (three-loading group) and 14 eyes with 5-monthly loadings (five-loading group). The mean CRT significantly decreased from the baseline one month after loading in both the three-loading and five-loading groups (p < 0.001). Four cases were refractory to treatment in the three-loading group, while there were no cases of refractory DME in the five-loading group. The stability rate was significantly higher in the five-loading group at three months after loading (p = 0.033). Conclusions: Five-monthly loading regimens of IVA might be favorable for DME considering the rate of refractory cases, stable duration, and the importance of early responsiveness to IVA in DME.
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Ananoria, A., and Bryan B. Pajarito. "Effect of Ingredient Loading on Water Transport Properties of a Vulcanized Natural Rubber Compound." Advanced Materials Research 1125 (October 2015): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.55.

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Water transport properties of a vulcanized natural rubber compound are studied as function of ingredient loading using gravimetric method at 800C. Rubber sheets are compounded according to a fractional factorial design of experiment, where ingredients are treated as factors varied at two levels of loading. Weight change during immersion in water is monitored. The maximum uptakes are determined from the sorption curves which showed two distinct slopes of which two uptake rates are estimated. Analysis of variance shows that high loadings of sulfur, asphalt, and used oil significantly increase the maximum uptake and first uptake rate while only sulfur and asphalt significantly increase the second uptake rate. On the other hand, high loadings of reclaimed rubber, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) significantly decrease the maximum amount of water uptake. Similarly, high loading of mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide (MBTS) significantly decrease the initial uptake rate while high loadings of reclaimed rubber, CaCO3, kaolin clay, and MBT decrease the final uptake rate of rubber compounds.
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Cui, Kai, Bin Hu, and Jing Li. "A Statistic Damage Model of Rocks considering the Effect of Loading Rate." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (February 9, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9124208.

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This paper develops a new statistic damage model for rock to mainly study the effect of a loading rate on its mechanical behaviours. The proposed model adopts a new loading rate-dependent damage density function and is capable of describing the macroscopic damage accumulation process for rock samples subjected to external high-speed dynamic loadings. The proposed model can also account for the residual strength of rocks by introducing a modified equivalent strain principle, which considers the contribution of the friction force to the strength of rocks. The friction force is generated by the movements of the nearby microcracks. The predicted stress-strain curves by the proposed model agree with the measured data of salty rock under the conditions of various confining pressures and loading rates. It can be found that both the peak strength and the corresponding axial strain are increased at high-speed loading conditions. At the same time, a transition from ductile failure to brittle failure can be observed in rock samples.
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Li, Min, and Hong Nan Li. "Effects of Strain Rate on Reinforced Concrete Beam." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 4033–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.4033.

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The strain-rate effects of reinforced concrete beams are studied in this paper. Considering the strain-rate effects of structural material, dynamic responses of reinforced concrete beams subjected to monotonic loading and cyclic loading at different loading rates that might be experienced during earthquakes are simulated using the nonlinear finite element program ABAQUS. The influences of loading rate on loading capability and failure mode of reinforced concrete beams are investigated. The results show that as the loading rate increases, the loading capability increases, the increment is associated with the shear span ratio and loading mode. The increment at cyclic loading is smaller than that at monotonic loading; as the shear span ratio changes, the failure mode changes, the increment changes; the failure mode has nothing to do with the loading rate.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Loading rate"

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Meca, Juan Balderas. "Rate effects of rapid loading in clay soils." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15053/.

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The study of the relationship between the shear strength of the clay and the rate at which it is loaded is relevant to the application of a new rapid load pile testing technique called Statnamic. There are problems associated with interpreting the test results in clay soils due to the non linear variation in shear resistance with rate of shearing. An investigation has been conducted for two clay soils which were used in an associated research project. These were a reconstituted kaolin clay (KSS) used for model pile tests and undisturbed glacial clay taken from a full scale prototype pile testing site near Grimsby. Monotonic and multistage strain controlled triaxial tests were carried out on both clays using a, pneumatic computer, controlled rapid load triaxial system at rates from 0.001 mm/s to 200 mm/s. The shear strength increased and the excess pore pressure decreased as the rate of shearing increased. A power law was proposed relating dynamic and static shear strength. The damping coefficients and hence the rate effects, defined as a function of strain, were similar for both clays Based on the triaxial test results and a back analysis of Statnamic and "static" constant rate of penetration data from the associated model and full scale pile tests in both clays, a non-linear model has been proposed relating the static resistance of a pile to the measured Statnamic load taking into account the rate effects and the inertia of the pile. The non-linear model was used to develop a new multistage interpretation method for the analysis of Statnamic tests in clays.
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Garner, Michael Paul. "Loading Rate Effects on Axial Pile Capacity in Clays." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2016.pdf.

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Aguilar-Espinosa, Aaron Alejandro. "Effect of variable amplitude loading on fatigue crack growth rate." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496022.

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Fatigue crack growth (FCG) is a major cause of failure in many engineering components and structures that are subjected to dynamic loading conditions. Several models have been proposed for estimating crack growth rate da/dN under various conditions. The majority of work reported has focused on constant amplitude (CA) loading and some for variable amplitude (VA) loading. The estimation of da/dN under VA loading is complex due to effects of several factors such as plasticity, crack tip blunting, residual stresses, crack tip closure and crack tip branching which are associated with different levels of loading. These factors which cause acceleration or deceleration of the crack growth are known as interaction effects. Crack closure has been identified to be one of the main interaction factors, and finite element (FE) models have been developed to quantify it in terms of crack opening stresses. There are however still a number of issues regarding the modelling parameters such as mesh size, element type, number of loading increments and material hardening models that should be used and on whether crack closure represents the interaction effects sufficiently. Also modelling long crack lengths has been perceived to be too computationally intensive and therefore studies focus on short crack lengths only.
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Unosson, Mattias. "Constitutive equations for concrete materials subjected to high rate of loading." Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Solid Mechanics, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5721.

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<p>Continuum mechanics is used to model the mechanical behaviour of concrete structures subjected to high rates of loading in defence applications. Large deformation theory is used and an isotropic elastic-plastic constitutive equation with isotropic hardening, damage and strain rate dependent loading surface. The hydrostatic pressure is governed by an equation of state. Numerical analysis is performed using the finite element method and the central difference method for the time integration.</p><p>Projectile penetration is studied and it is concluded that it is not suitable to use material description of the motion of both the target and the projectile together with an erosion criterion. Instead, the material description should be used only for the projectile and the spatial description for the target. In this way the need for an erosion criterion is eliminated. Also, in the constitutive model used it is necessary to introduce a scaling of the softening phase in relation to the finite element size, in order to avoid strain localization.</p><p>Drop weight testing of reinforced concrete beams are analysed, where a regularisation is introduced that renders mesh objectivity regarding fracture energy release. The resulting model can accurately reproduce results from material testing but the regularisation is not sufficient to avoid strain localization when applied to an impact loaded structure. It is finally proposed that a non-local measure of deformation could be a solution to attain convergence.</p><p>The third study presents the behaviour of a concrete constitutive model in a splitting test and a simplified non-local theory applied in a tensile test. The splitting test model exhibits mesh dependency due to a singularity. In the tensile test the non-local theory is shown to give a convergent solution. The report https://www.diva-portal.org/liu/webform/form.jsp#paper0is concluded with a discussion on how to better model concrete materials.</p>
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Song, Zhenhuan. "Computational mesoscale modelling of concrete material under high strain rate loading." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7637.

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Cement-based composite materials are widely used in engineering applications. The strength and damage patterns of such materials depend upon the properties of the constituent components as well as the microstructure. Three scale levels are generally recognized in the analysis of the mechanical behaviour of composites, namely, macro-scale, meso-scale, and nano- or atomistic scale. Modelling of the mechanical properties at the meso-level provides a powerful means for the understanding of the physical processes underlying the macroscopic strength and failure behaviour of the composite materials under various loading conditions. This thesis endeavours to develop effective and efficient mesoscale models for cement-based composites, especially concrete, with a focus on dynamic analysis applications and in a three-dimensional stress-strain environment. These models are subsequently applied to investigate the intrinsic microscopic mechanisms governing the behaviour of such material under complex and high rate loadings, such as those due to shock, impact and blast. To cater to the needs of dynamic analysis under complex stress conditions, a general 2-dimensinal (2D) mesoscale modelling framework is further developed with the incorporation of the 3-D effect. This framework integrates the capabilities of MATLAB programming for the generation of the mesoscale geometric structure, ANSYS-CAE for finite element mesh generation, and the hydrocode LS-DYNA for solving the dynamic response of the model. The 3D effect is incorporated via a novel pseudo-3D modelling scheme such that the crucial lateral confinement effect during the transient dynamic response can be realistically represented. With the above mesoscale model a comprehensive investigation is conducted on the dynamic increase factor (DIF) in the concrete strength under compression, with particular focus on the variation trend at different strain rate regimes, and the key influencing factors. The wave propagation effect under high strain rate is scrutinised from a strip-by-strip perspective, and the correlation between the externally measured stress-strain quantities and the actual processes within the specimen is examined. The contribution of the material heterogeneity, as well as the structural effect (inertia), in the dynamic strength enhancement is evaluated. The classical Brazilian (splitting) test for the dynamic tensile behaviour of concrete is also investigated with the aid of the mesoscale model. Of particular interest here is the validity of such an indirect setup in reproducing the tensile behaviour of the specimen under high strain rates, as well as the effect of the heterogeneity in the dynamic tensile strength. Complications are found to arise as the loading rate increases. The change of the damage patterns with increase of the loading rate and the implications on the interpretation of the results are discussed. As an ideal solution to modelling of the 3-D effects, a methodology for the creation of a complex real 3-dimensional mesoscale model is put forward in the last part of the thesis. A geometric concept, called convex hull, is adopted for the representation of aggregates, and this makes it possible to utilize the relevant algorithms in computational geometry for the present purpose of generation of random 3-D aggregates. A take-and-place procedure is employed to facilitate the generation of the complete 3-D meso-structure. Associated techniques are developed for fast detection of particle inclusion-intersection. An example 3D mesoscale model is presented and representative numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the performance of the 3-D mesoscale modelling scheme.
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Ceritano, Davide Walter. "Sex-Based Differences in Calcaneal Injury Tolerances Under High-Rate Loading." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99103.

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In this experiment, average calcaneal fracture force is measured across male and female groups. The purpose of this experiment is an analysis of alternatives exploring the importance of sex-based criteria in models representing injuries typical in underbody blast environments. Seventeen (17) right legs were harvested at the knee from cadavers representing three anthropometries: 50th percentile male (6), 75th percentile female (6), and 5th percentile female (5). Care was taken to preserve anatomically correct geometry as the legs were cut to equal lengths, the tibia and fibula were potted in Dyna-Cast®, flesh and ligaments were excised from the inferior surface of the calcaneus, and a small Dyna-Cast® pad was poured and sanded flat – interfacing with the exposed calcaneal surface. Each test specimen was mounted in a custom fixture and exposed once to high-rate axial loading characterized by a constant acceleration and 25.4mm intrusion, achieving an average speed of 4.7m/s (σ = 0.3m/s) in 10ms. Input acceleration was measured by an Endevco 7264c accelerometer and a Denton 2513 six-axis load cell measured reaction force proximal to the specimen. A VR Phantom v9.1 camera recorded x-ray imagery at 2k frames per second. Data were collected by a TDAS Pro data acquisition system at 20k samples per second and filtered in accordance with SAE J211. Time of fracture, established through x-ray imagery, was used to determined fracture force from the electronically synchronized load-cell data. 100% injury was recorded. Average calcaneus fracture forces were reported as follows: 5406N (σ = 780N) for 50th percentile males, 4130N (σ = 1061N) for 75th percentile females, and 2873N (σ = 1293N) for 5th percentile females. Statistical significance was established between the reported averages according to three ANOVA tests: One-way (p = 0.0054), Brown-Forsythe (p = 0.0091), and Welch's (p = 0.0156). Unpaired Student's t-test confirmed significant differences between 50th percentile male vs 75th percentile female (p = 0.0469) and 50th percentile male vs 5th percentile female (p = 0.0030); the t-test did not show significance between the two female groups (p = 0.1315). Average impulse-to-fracture was calculated for each group and found to be not statistically significant.<br>Master of Science<br>A marked shift can be found in combat wound epidemiology towards a predominance of extremity injuries sustained from explosives. The Warrior Injury Assessment Mannequin (WIAMan) Project sought to develop a baseline dataset of post-mortem human surrogate responses to realistic explosive loading and correlate it to a highly instrumented mannequin for the further development of combat vehicles and personal protective gear. The following experiment exists within the WIAMan paradigm as an analysis of alternatives exploring the adequacy of the above mentioned baseline dataset in directly representing both male and female injuries. More specifically, this experiment interrogates the differences in average fracture forces between male and female calcanei across three anthropometries: 50th percentile male, 75th percentile female, and 5th percentile female. Testing was carried out on 17 right cadaver legs cut to equal lengths, potted proximally in Dyna-Cast®, with the inferior surface of their calcanei exposed; a small Dyna-Cast® pad was poured for each calcaneus and sanded flat. Each test specimen was fixed to a Denton 2513 six-axis load cell proximally and exposed to a high-rate, constant acceleration, 25.4mm displacement aligned with the calcaneus along the long axis of the leg bones. Fracture time, established through x-ray images recorded at 2k frames per second with a VR Phantom V9.1 camera, was used to determine load cell force measurement at fracture. Average calcaneus fracture forces were reported as follows: 5406N (σ = 780N) for 50th percentile males, 4130N (σ = 1061N) for 75th percentile females, and 2873N (σ = 1293N) for 5th percentile females. Statistical significance was established between the reported averages according to three ANOVA tests: One-way (p = 0.0054), Brown-Forsythe (p = 0.0091), and Welch's (p = 0.0156). Unpaired Student's t-test confirmed significant differences between 50th percentile male vs 75th percentile female (p = 0.0469) and 50th percentile male vs 5th percentile female (p = 0.0030); the t-test did not show significance between the two female groups (p = 0.1315). Average impulse-to-fracture was calculated for each group and found to be not statistically significant.
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Schultz, Rickey Lynn Jr. "Influence of pollutant loading rate on seasonal performance of model constructed wetlands." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/schultz/SchultzR1207.pdf.

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Constructed wetlands (CW) are a viable alternative wastewater treatment technology for many wastewater types. However, recommended loading rates vary widely between regulatory agencies. A greenhouse experiment was carried out for approximately 19 months to study the effect of loading rate, plant species selection, temperature and season on pollutant removal in bench-scale constructed wetlands. The wetlands were operated in batch mode at batch lengths of 3, 6, and 9 days, corresponding to loading rates of 210, 105, and 70 kg COD/ha&Acirc;&middot;d, respectively. Greenhouse temperature cycled from 4&Acirc;&deg;C to 24&Acirc;&deg;C. Treatments included plant species Carex utriculata, Schoenoplectus acutus and Typha latifolia and unplanted controls. Water and air temperature, redox potential, COD, SO &acirc;‚„ &Acirc;&sup2;-, NH &acirc;‚„+, PO &acirc;‚„ &Acirc;&sup3;- and pore volume were monitored throughout the study. Data from the current research is compared with a previous study performed under similar conditions, but with a 20 day batch length resulting in a loading rate of 32 kg COD/ha&Acirc;&middot;d. Performance of all treatments and loading rates was compared on the basis of percent COD and SO &acirc;‚„ &Acirc;&sup2;- removal, redox potential, and remaining NH &acirc;‚„+ and PO &acirc;‚„ &Acirc;&sup3;- concentration. There were strong interactions between loading rate, plant species and temperature. Within species, pollutant removal typically decreased with an increase in loading rate at all temperatures. Planted treatments generally improved pollutant removal at all loading rates and typically removed more NH &acirc;‚„+ and PO &acirc;‚„ &Acirc;&sup3;- at 24&Acirc;&deg;C than at 4&Acirc;&deg;C. However at lighter loading rates Carex and Schoenoplectus showed little temperature effect for COD removal, and had more SO &acirc;‚„ &Acirc;&sup2;- remaining and increased redox levels at 4&Acirc;&deg;C. However, as loading rate increased these species tended to have poorer COD removal at colder than warm temperatures. These results indicate that the ability of some plant species to increase aerobic respiration due to increased oxygenation in winter, and thus mitigate typical temperature effects on COD removal, is limited by higher organic load rates. Although not the focus of this study it was observed that wetland column porosity varied with season and with wetland age. Column porosity was lower for older columns and during winter.
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Cherrill, Hugh Edward. "The influence of loading rate on excess pore pressures in triaxial tests." Thesis, City University London, 1990. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7674/.

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The research described in this dissertation is concerned with coupled loading and consolidation in triaxial tests and with selection of rates of loading in routine tests to avoid errors due to incomplete drainage or non-uniform pore pressures in fine grained soils. The work consisted of a combination of laboratory tests in which pore pressures were measured within triaxial samples, numerical analysis using the CRISP geotechnical finite element program and theoretical analysis. Both constant strain rate and constant stress rate loading were considered. The work demonstrates the applicability of CRISP to coupled loading and consolidation analyses and its limitations are discussed. The influence of loading rates on pore pressures in triaxial tests and upon the soil parameters obtained from them is investigated and deficiencies in the current procedure for choosing rates of loading are revealed. A new method is proposed which permits a rational choice of loading rate based on the drainage characteristics of the sample and on the magnitude of the errors which can be accepted. Non-uniformities of stress, strain and specific volume in triaxial samples and the influence of loading rate on these non-uniformities is also investigated.
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Fernie, R. "Loading rate effects on the energy absorption of lightweight tubular crash structures." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272800.

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RODRIGUES, SUELEN. "INFLUENCE OF LOADING RATE ON THE BOND STRENGTH BETWEEN CFC AND CONCRETE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=15133@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>Neste trabalho é realizada uma investigação experimental sobre os efeitos de cargas de impacto sobre a resistência de aderência entre o compósito de fibras de carbono e o concreto. O objetivo foi verificar a influência da taxa de carregamento sobre a resistência de aderência. O programa experimental consistiu em ensaios de quarenta e cinco corpos-de-prova, constituídos de blocos de concreto e tiras de fibras de carbono coladas nas laterais opostas dos blocos. As variáveis de estudo foram a resistência à compressão do concreto (25 MPa, 45 MPa e 65 MPa) e a taxa de carregamento que variou de um mínimo de 1,92 MPa/s (estático) para um máximo de 438685 MPa/s (dinâmico). Os resultados dos ensaios mostraram que a resistência de aderência foi afetada pela taxa de carregamento.<br>An experimental investigation on the effects of impact loading on the bond strength between carbon fiber composite and concrete is described in this work. The objective was to verify the influence of loading rate on the bond strength. The experimental program consisted on testing of forty five specimens made of concrete blocks and carbon fiber strips glued on opposite sides of the block. The variables studied were the concrete compressive strength (25 MPa, 45 MPa and 65 MPa) and loading rate which varied from a minimum of 1,92 MPa/s (static) to a maximum of 438685 MPa/s (dynamic). Test results showed that the bond strength was affected by loading rate.
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Books on the topic "Loading rate"

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J, Lubowinski Steve, and Langley Research Center, eds. Loading rate sensitivity of open hole composites in compression. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Researach Center, 1988.

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Sharma, Akanshu. Behaviour of plain and reinforced concrete under high rate loading-numerical simulation. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2010.

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Chinien, Viken. An advanced SDOF model for steel members subject to explosion loading: Material rate sensitivity. Steel Construction Institute, 2002.

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Zimmerman, Richard S. Strain energy release rate as a function of temperature and preloading history utilizing the edge delamination fatigue test method. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Torsional buckling tests of a simulated solar array: A final report, grant no. NAG5-2924, June 1, 1995-August 31, 1996. School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Virginia, 1996.

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M, Hillberry B., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Observations of fatigue crack growth rate and closure behavior in 7475-T731 aluminum under variable amplitude loading. School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 1987.

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Ziv, Michael. A study of the behavior of the GRP hat-stiffened panel bondline under high strain rate loading. Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995.

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J, Minguet Pierre, O'Brien T. Kevin, and Langley Research Center, eds. A method for calculating strain energy release rates in preliminary design of composite skin/stringer debonding under multi-axial loading. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1999.

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M, Landow, Wilkowski G. M, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Engineering., and Battelle Memorial Institute, eds. Loading rate effects on strength and fracture toughness of pipe steels used in task 1 of the IPIRG program. Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1993.

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Salpekar, Satish A. Combined effect of matrix cracking and stress-free edge on delamination. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Loading rate"

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Jindal, Prashant. "High-Strain-Rate Loading." In High Strain Rate Behavior of Nanocomposites and Nanocoatings. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14481-8_3.

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Pantelakis, Sp, and P. Papanikos. "Crack Growth rate during irregular loading." In Problems of Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue. Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2774-7_117.

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Sierakowski, R. L. "High Strain Rate Loading of Composites." In Composite Structures. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11345-5_11.

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Glinicki, Michal A. "Loading Rate Sensitivity of Concrete-Like Composites under Tensile Loading." In Brittle Matrix Composites 2. Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2544-1_58.

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Boomurugan, R., Kartikey Shahi, K. V. N. Gopal, Ranjit Mohan, and R. Velmurugan. "Effect of Heating Rate on the Thermomechanical Cycle of Shape Memory Polymers." In Composite Materials for Extreme Loading. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4138-1_5.

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Huang, C. "A Further Exploration on Loading Strain Rate." In Structural Integrity. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91989-8_37.

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Ray, Bankim Chandra, Rajesh Kumar Prusty, and Dinesh Kumar Rathore. "Loading Rate Sensitivity of Polymer Matrix Composites." In Fibrous Polymeric Composites. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429506314-7.

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Banann, Chhun, Rajesh P. Nair, and D. D. Ebenezer. "Numerical Simulation of Strain-Rate Effect of Al Circular Tube Under Dynamic Loading Conditions." In Composite Materials for Extreme Loading. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4138-1_28.

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Watabe, Yoichi, Akane Yoneda, Hideo Hashizume, and Yusuke Ono. "Multi-Stepwise Strain-Rate Loading Consolidation Test to Evaluate Strain Rate Dependency." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2184-3_165.

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García Martínez, Constantino Antonio, Abraham Otero Quintana, Xosé A. Vila, et al. "Loading, Plotting, and Filtering RR Intervals." In Heart Rate Variability Analysis with the R package RHRV. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65355-6_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Loading rate"

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"Deformation Behavior of a Polygonal Tube under Oblique Impact Loading." In Explosion Shock Waves and High Strain Rate Phenomena. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644900338-7.

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"Effect of Loading Rate on Bond Behavior Under Dynamic Loading." In SP-175: Concrete and Blast Effects. American Concrete Institute, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/5922.

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"Advanced Manufacturing under Impact / Shock Loading: Principles and Industrial Sustainable Applications." In Explosion Shock Waves and High Strain Rate Phenomena. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644900338-3.

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"Effect of Pre-Notch on Deformation of Aluminium Square Plate under Free Blast Loading." In Explosion Shock Waves and High Strain Rate Phenomena. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644900338-19.

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Walters, Carey L., and Jan Przydatek. "Relating Structural Loading Rate to Testing Rate for Fracture Mechanics Specimens." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23962.

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It is very well-known that fracture toughness depends on loading rate. Higher strain rates can shift the ductile to brittle transition curve to higher temperatures, resulting in a more brittle structure at the same temperature. However, there is little effort to relate the testing rate to the loading rate within the offshore and maritime industry. For example, BS 7448-1 requires that the stress intensity factor loading rate be 0.5 MPa√m/s to 3.0 MPa√m/s. The loading rates of BS 7448-1 are very far away from the vibrational modes of the specimen, so these limitations are not necessary in order to assure a quasi-static test. In comparison, SSC 275 indicates that normal ship loading rates can be of the order of 220–440MPa√m/s. The results of SSC 275 are consistent with results obtained from a Dutch offshore equipment supplier, who indicates a time to maximum loading of 0.25–1.3 seconds. In general, a conservative loading scenario for the maritime and offshore industry is on the order of 200 times faster than the loading rate that is recommended by BS 7448-1. Testing at the standard rate has the consequence of artificially lowering the ductile to brittle transition temperature by 8–35°C in comparison to a real loading scenario, thus possibly giving a false impression of safety. This means that a CTOD measured as 0.2 mm for static testing conditions could be 0.08–0.15 mm for actual loading. The analysis is shown to be consistent with CTOD test data on a Quenched and Tempered (QT) and a Thermo-Mechanically Controlled Processed (TMCP) S690 grade steel.
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SOLFRONK, Pavel, Jiří SOBOTKA, David KOREČEK, and David MIZERA. "Influence of Loading Rate on the Material Deformation Behaviour under Bi-axial Loading." In METAL 2020. TANGER Ltd., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2020.3478.

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Nam, Hyun-Suk, Ji-Soo Kim, Yun-Jae Kim, Jin-Weon Kim, and Chang-Young Oh. "Ductile Fracture Simulation Considering Strain Rate Loading Effect." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45204.

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This paper is based on a ductile failure simulation under dynamic loading conditions using finite element (FE) analyses. Recently a simple finite element method in a quasi-static test has been proposed to implement fracture simulation based on the well-known stress modified fracture strain model. The stress-modified fracture strain model is determined to be incremental damage in terms of stress triaxiality and fracture strain for dimple fracture from tensile test result with FE analyses technique. Since dynamic loading effect is especially important to assess pipe with crack-like defect, this work propose the integrated model which combines quasi-static with dynamic loading effect. In order to validate stress-modified fracture strain model in dynamic loading conditions, this paper compares results of FE analysis using proposed method with strain dependent smooth bar tests and notch tensile tests using Johnson-Cook equation. In conclusion, the stress-modified fracture strain model criterion can be calibrated by FE analyses with strain rate dependent fracture toughness test results.
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Martin, B., and W. Chen. "Response of moist sand to high rate loading." In DYMAT 2009 - 9th International Conferences on the Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading. EDP Sciences, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/dymat/2009027.

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LI, MIN, and HONGNAN LI. "EFFECT OF LOADING RATE ON REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBER." In Proceedings of the 10th Asia-Pacific Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814324052_0006.

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"Distinguished Impact Response of Hollow Reinforced Concrete Beams under Impact Loading." In SP-347: Recent Developments in High Strain Rate Mechanics and Impact Behavior of Concrete. American Concrete Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/51732660.

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Reports on the topic "Loading rate"

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Chhabildas, L. C., and W. D. Reinhart. Intermediate strain-rate loading experiments -- Techniques and applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/674977.

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Berke, Ian, Tyson Loudon, and Ann DiLeonardi. Structural and Functional Effects of High-Rate Mechanical Loading. DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1212682.

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Gunnarsson, C. Allan, Tusit Weerasooriya, and Stephen Alexander. Bending Response of Human Skull-Beams as a Function of Loading Rate and Loading-Tip Geometry. DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1142091.

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Lorier, T. H. Melt Rate Improvement for the DWPF: Higher Waste Loading Testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/805886.

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Rajendran, A. M., and S. J. Bless. Plastic Flow and Failure Modeling under High Strain Rate Loading. Defense Technical Information Center, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada194223.

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Xie, Yazdanfar, and Given. PR-261-103605-R01 Investigation on the Dormancy of Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) Cracks. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010178.

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The objectives of this research were to investigate SCC dormancy and re-activation behavior in term of 1) effect of low frequency (= 10-5 Hz) and cyclic stress typical of pressure fluctuation (R = 0.8) and 2) the inhibitive effect of organics on the growth rate of SCC cracks. The project tasks included 1) Summary of literature on the dormancy of SCC cracks; 2) Literature results of near neutral pH SCC of X65 steels; 3) Upgrade and calibration of potential drop technique; 4) Crack growth rate measurements under steady cycle fluctuation of loading; 5) Crack growth rate measurements under fluctuating loading conditions; 6) Effect of organics. The dormancy of near neutral pH SCC has been investigated using potential - drop technique to measure crack growth rates under constant cyclic loading and fluctuating loading conditions.
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Kessler, J. L. Effect of Cooling Rate, Thermal Expansion, and Waste Loading on Glass Fracture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/804679.

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Jensen, Robert, Daniel DeSchepper, David Flanagan, et al. Adhesives: Test Method, Group Assignment, and Categorization Guide for High-Loading-Rate Applications. Defense Technical Information Center, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada607484.

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Bubenik and Nestleroth. L51619 Effects of Loading on the Growth Rates in Deep Stress-Corrosion Cracks. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010094.

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With the development of improved techniques for detection of stress corrosion cracks in existing pipelines, the pipeline industry is faced with the problem of estimating the growth rates of these cracks. Current efforts in model development are addressing the problem but, in order to verify these models, accurate average crack velocity data are needed (average crack velocity being defined as the average rate of crack growth with time, crack velocity is the instantaneous rate of crack tip dissolution.) Currently available data are limited and are based primarily on either slow-strain rate tests or tapered tensile tests. The loading conditions in the former are unrepresentative of actual operating conditions while the crack depths in the latter are much shallower than those observed in service. Some fracture mechanics data also are available for this system but the specimen and crack geometry used in these tests are not similar to the geometry of the field failures*. In addition, results of recent PRCI research suggest that the stress intensity parameter, K, which is used to relate different cracking geometries, is a poor crack driving force parameter for SCC in line pipe steels. The overall objective of this work is to obtain accurate average crack velocity data as a function of crack depth and loading conditions. The program is divided into two tasks: Task 1 - Effect of Crack Depth and Cyclic Loading Conditions on Crack Growth and Task 2 - Inhibition of Crack Growth.
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Gunnarsson, Carey, Stephen Alexander, and Tunsit Weerasooriya. Rate-Dependent Shear Response during Off-axis Loading of Fiber and Film-based UHMWPE Composites. DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1213062.

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