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1
Pattiasina, Petrus. "Analysis of Operational Loading and Unloading Equipment in Sea Transportation." Case Studies in Business and Management 1, no. 2 (September 3, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/csbm.v1i2.6265.
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The background of this research is the increasing of marine transportation activities. The following of the activities is the improvement of community welfare nationwide. Accordingly the utilitation of all infrastructures related to sea transportation activities, should be improved in order to make the distribution of goods less expensine. The cost of loading and unloading by using shore crane and ship’s crane are different. The problem related to loading and unloading process is the unequality of operational cost between shore crane and ship’s crane. The main objective of this research is to compare cost and time performance of each of above mentioned cranes. The research focused on general cargo ship. The analysis was done by comparing of cost and time of operational of both type of cranes. The result of the study showed the shore crane is more suitable and efficient than ship’s crane from cost and time point of view.
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Kim, J. Y. "A TCP/IP-based remote control system for yard cranes in a port container terminal." Robotica 24, no. 5 (February 17, 2006): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574706002694.
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If one operator in a remote operating room can operate 4 ∼ 5 cranes remotely, which are yard cranes for container loading/unloading in a port container terminal, the port loading/unloading efficiency will dramatically be improved through productivity increase, cost reduction, and so on. This study presents a remote crane control system for container loading/unloading yard cranes of port container terminals. First, a wireless web-based video and audio transmission system to transmit the images and the sounds of a craneyard is designed by using 3 web cameras and a microphone. Next, a TCP/IP-based remote crane control system is presented on the basis of the delay performance simulations of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) for real-time remote control. The simulation results show that TCP is more advantageous for remote crane control on a local network.
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Liu, Shan Ping. "Research on New Structural Quay Container Crane." Advanced Materials Research 142 (October 2010): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.142.91.
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The method to improve the loading and unloading efficiency of container ships was elaborated in this paper. New structure of bridge support liftable quay container crane, dual-jacklift quay container crane, dual-lifting quay container crane, high support base quay container crane and elevator quay container crane was applied to promote the performance of quay container crane. The working principle and characteristic of those new quay container cranes were analyzed in details.
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A, Mi Na, Moon Je Koo, and Kwon Soon Lee. "A Development of Next-Generation Port Simulator for the Performance Evaluation of Port Crane." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 1498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.1498.
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In this study, the innovative operation system performance was evaluated for port competitiveness improvement at port distribution industry field. We conducted the 3D modeling of existing crane and suggested crane. The loading and unloading simulation was fulfilled for each crane in accordance with developed port simulator scenario. We compared loading and unloading performance of each crane based on the simulation result. Through this, Development of the simulator will be available in the construction and development of the new port cranes. Also, It is performance evaluation method with economic savings and It considered new methods in contrast with the existing development system.
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Jefriansyah, Jefriansyah, and Ma'ruf Ma'ruf. "ANALISIS STRUKTUR PADA GIRDER OVERHEAD CRANE SWL 30 TON." Scientific Journal of Mechanical Engineering Kinematika 3, no. 1 (June 9, 2018): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/sjmekinematika.v3i1.5.
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Overhead crane is a device used to move goods. Overhead cranes are very important during the production period, if there is a problem in the overhead crane, it can disrupt the production process. Therefore, load testing was conducted to determine the results of the girder deflection, whether large deflection is still within the limits that are allowed or not. This study to calculate the girder overhead crane occur in the loading variations, and adjust the properties of the material used. The amount of deflection is calculated using the equation Castigliano theory. research on the loading of 28.7 tons, 30 tons, and 37.5 tons with theoretical calculations obtained deflection value calculation results is 6,060mm, 6,335mm, and 7.918 for the imposition of the middle girder (1 / 2span). 5,191mm, 5,410mm and 6,763mm for the loading side (1 / 3span). The simulation results are 5,649mm, 5,834mm, and 6.898 for the imposition of the middle girder (1 / 2span) and 4,986mm, 5,101mm and 6,032mm for the loading side (1 / 3span). The results obtained have great value below allowable deflection value is 23.75 mm.
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Aidi, Sanaa, Imane Torbi, Mohamed Mazouzi, and Imad Belassiria. "Planning of one-way quay cranes using the genetic algorithm." SHS Web of Conferences 119 (2021): 07005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111907005.
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The quay crane scheduling problem plays an essential role in the port container terminal management paradigm, as it is closely related to the berthing time of ships. In this article, we focus on the quay crane scheduling problem based on a special strategy, which forces the quay crane to move in one direction during the process of unloading and loading the containers. The scheduling problem that arises when this strategy is applied is called the one-way scheduling problem of quay cranes in the literature. In this article, we seek a mathematical formula for the unidirectional scheduling problem of quay cranes that can be easily solved by genetic algorithms. This algorithm provides us with the best combination of containers to unload and load at the optimal time.
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Prautomo, Angga Agus, and Atmiasri Atmiasri. "THE MANUFACTURE OF THE PROTOTYPE FIXED CRANE HARBOR AS THE ADDER DEVICE INSIGHT FOR CRANE OPERATOR NOVICE." BEST : Journal of Applied Electrical, Science, & Technology 1, no. 1 (September 9, 2019): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/best.vol1.no1.2001.
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Fixed cranes are tools used in the process of loading and unloading containers/materials from trucks and vice versa. Most of the young crane (beginners) operators in the port area are still unfamiliar in carrying out these tools, therefore the authors conduct research to make the fixedprototype crane that has functions and controls (including joystick) that allows the original device to remain valid. Insight enhancers in using real fixed cranes. The circuit built from Arduino Uno, DC motor (Gear Hoist and Gear Slewing), servo motor, and joystick as input for motion controllers from all systems. Fixed crane prototypes that have been made above are the best of the hoist system or the best slewing system todetermine the load that can be carried by the system. From the results of these calculations that the prototype fixed crane made has a maximum carrying capacity in terms of hoist and slewing of 90 grams
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Leilei, Liu, Sun Lei, and Zhao Dadi. "Optimization Method for Container Quay Crane Operation Based on Energy Saving." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185301011.
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This paper studies the energy utilization of the quay crane, one of the major energy using equipment for the container terminal. We establish an optimization model for the loading and unloading of the quay crane, use the genetic algorithm to solve it, and verify the validity of the model by actual operation data of container terminals. The results show that the model has a significant effect on reducing energy consumption of quay cranes.
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Vatulin, Jan, Denis Potakhov, Egor Potakhov, and Sergei Orlov. "DYNAMIC MODEL OF A RAILWAY LIFTING CRANE." Architecture and Engineering 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2022-7-1-72-78.
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Introduction: Currently, mobile boom cranes equipped with telescopic boom equipment are widely used in construction, loading and unloading, as well as installation. Purpose of the study: We aimed to develop a dynamic model for a railway lifting crane, taking into account the interaction of its structural elements with each other and the bearing soil surface in a three-dimensional formulation. Methods: In the course of the study, we used Simulation and Motion modules of the SolidWorks software package, Klepikov’s non-linearly deformable soil model, and Lagrange’s equation of the second kind. Results: As a result, we developed a numerical analytical 3D model describing dynamic loading and deformation of the “mobile boom crane – foundation” system in a three-dimensional formulation. The model takes into account the following: the internal bending deformation and the interaction of the mating structural elements of a crane (telescopic sections, telescoping hydraulic cylinders, and outriggers), hoist rope rigidity, grillage (framework of sleepers) influence, elastic and plastic properties of the base platform soil, and action of inertial loads on the structural elements of the lifting crane.
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Yusupov, A. K., H. M. Muselemov, and T. O. Ustarhanov. "Metal-wood crane beam calculation." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 47, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2020-47-3-122-131.
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Objective. The development of structures and calculation of metal-wood crane beams are associated with specific difficulties. The article discusses the methods of calculation and design of metal-wood crane beams. In this case, an algorithm is described that allows designing systems that are rational in terms of material consumption. Methods. As an example, a metal-wood beam with a span of 12 m is used, which is supported by overhead cranes with a load capacity of 30 tf. The operation of a metal-wood crane beam was compared with a glue laminate crane beam without reinforcement. The reinforcement elements are "discarded" and replaced with elasto-yielding supports to calculate a glue laminate beam reinforced with metal elements (or a metal-wood beam). The flexibility of these supports is taken into account using the elastic support ratio r, which is determined depending on the stiffness of the supports, and the force in the metal elements is derived from the nodes balance. Result. In both variants of loading metal-wood crane beams, it was shown that the greatest bending moment occurred when the bridge wheel was located above the elastic support. Conclusion. It is rational to use a metal-wood crane beam when operating bridge cranes with a lifting capacity of up to 30 tf; metal-wood crane beams are recommended to be designed with spans up to 12 m; the comparison of glue laminate crane beams with metal-wood beams showed that metal-wood beams were 40-55% more efficient.
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Sowa, Leszek, Tomasz Skrzypczak, and Paweł Kwiatoń. "The effect of the gantry crane beam cross section on the level of generated stresses." MATEC Web of Conferences 157 (2018): 02047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815702047.
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The gantry cranes are currently one of the most popular devices to transporting loads. They can be used in many industries. This study focuses on the numerical analysis of only the portable gantry crane. The mathematical and numerical model of mechanical phenomena in the gantry crane beam was presented in this paper. This problem was solved by using of the Finite Element Method (FEM). The analysis was made to the cross-section of gantry crane beam which was the I-beam or box beam. The numerical simulations are limited to numerical analysis of strength of the gantry crane beam which was loaded by the motion of the load force along its length. As a result of the calculations, the stresses and displacements of the structure of gantry crane were obtained. The influence of beam shape change and changing the loading force position on generate the equivalent stress in the crane beam was evaluated. The research performed, which allows the estimated of the stress state, pointing out the critical areas and values, were made in order to increase the strength of the structure of the gantry crane.
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Volianiuk, Vladimir, Dmitry Mishchuk, and Eugene Gorbatyuk. "Determination of inertial loads of the rota-ry boom of a self-propelled crane." Gіrnichі, budіvelnі, dorozhnі ta melіorativnі mashini, no. 96 (December 31, 2020): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/gbdmm2020.96.0201.
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Self-propelled jib cranes are most widely used in construction for loading and unloading operations, the main advantage of which, among other types of cranes, is high mobility. The share of self-propelled jib cranes in construction is more than 60%.
An important element of the construction of self-propelled jib cranes is the boom, the strength of the structure of which largely depends on the safety of the crane and the prevention of accidents that lead to injuries and death of maintenance personnel. When calculating the crane boom for strength, power of electric motors for changing the departure of the boom and turn, the brakes of these mechanisms must take into account all types of loads acting on the rotary boom with load, including inertial, which account for a significant share among other loads.
The paper considers the calculation of the following moments of inertia forces: created by vertical inertial forces during braking of the load lifting mechanism; arising from the mass of the load and the boom during the period of unstable movement of the mechanism of change of the boom departure during start-up and braking; the load created by centrifugal force which arises at rotation of a rotary part of the crane; arising from the mass of the load and the boom during the period of unstable movement of the crane rotation mechanism. When calculating these moments of inertia, the following initial data are taken into account: geometric dimensions of the crane, weight and length of the boom, weight and height of the load, angle of the self-propelled crane in the construction area, radius of the crane boom, boom and load speeds, start and braking times mechanisms for lifting the load, changing the departure of the boom and turning the crane.
The obtained dependences for determining the inertial loads of the rotary boom of a self-propelled crane will allow more accurately taking into account multiple factors to calculate the values of these loads in order to perform strength calculations of the boom, selection of components for lifting, changing the boom and turning the crane.
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Zhan, Jun Qing, Xiao Mei Feng, Li Shun Li, and Xiang De Meng. "Design Method of Self-Loading Device of the Side-Crane Used for Container." Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (February 2012): 951–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.951.
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The self-loading device used for side-crane is put forward. Its structure is presented. Based on the force analysis when the side-crane works at flat ground, the mathematical model is established when the crane working at uneven ground. And the design calculation is performed. The self-loading device’s optimal design is accomplished. Based on the above calculation results, the self-loading prototype is manufactured. And the design method can be adopted to the similar equipment’s structural design.
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Luo, Tian, Daofang Chang, and Yinping Gao. "Optimization of Gantry Crane Scheduling in Container Sea-Rail Intermodal Transport Yard." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (October 4, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9585294.
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In the face of rising container throughput and the tasks associated with collecting and dispatching these containers, contributions to the development of sea-rail intermodal transport are required to improve the capacity of container transportation. According to the characteristics and the requirements of the operation of sea-rail intermodal transport, this paper puts forward a design for the transport yard which facilitates container loading and unloading. Through the establishment of a mixed integer programming model, a flexible schedule for gantry crane operation can be realized, so that, during the planned period, the amount of task overflow in loading and unloading operations and the distance covered by all gantry cranes in the yard is minimized. In addition, a genetic algorithm is designed to solve this model. Finally, a specific example of the loading and unloading of a container train at the sea-rail intermodal transport yard is selected to verify the model and the algorithm. The results show that the algorithm can reasonably schedule the gantry cranes to improve their loading and unloading efficiencies in the sea-rail intermodal transport yard.
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Solazzi, L., C. Remino, and G. Incerti. "Overhead crane subjected to impulse loading." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1264 (July 2019): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1264/1/012045.
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Szada-Borzyszkowski, Wiesław, and Monika Szada-Borzyszkowska. "Optimization of the route of a truck with a hydraulic crane during loading of wood." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 9 (September 30, 2018): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.292.
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The article presents a plan to improve the course of routes of a truck with hydraulic crane. The process of loading and transporting wood is covered. The routes of truck with a hydraulic crane that perform loading in various areas of the company are presented.
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Fidrovska, Nataliia, Oleksandr Chernyshenko, Ihor Perevoznyk, and Viktoriia Nesterenko. "The dynamic loads, which arise in main beam of bridge crane." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University 1, no. 92 (March 4, 2021): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.92.1.188.
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Install, what about 80 % rejections of contemporary weight-lifting machines bond with dynamic loading, which bring to higher shabby surface of frictionless, tiredness destriction hardware and details of mechanism, appearance inadmissible residual strains. That witness about important dynamic calculations, without which impossible create of machines with elevated degree technique – economical index. The questions reduce hardware of bridge cranes are rather actual, therefore elaboration methods calculations of metallic constructions bridge of cranes have important meaning. The dynamic process which arise in metallic constructions of cranes considerable increase strain conditions of beams and due take into consideration at calculations. On the article consideration questions vibrations in main beam of bridge crane, which appears during the moving through the bridge of carry cart. It is taken as a condition, that mass which equally distributed on the whole of the length of the beam, is concentrated in three points, that are in the middle of a span and two border points. Follow the calculations with take into consideration conditionally placing of rail on crane bridge and the law distribution of loading from motion wheels which motion on beam. In this take into consideration characters of beam that is her span, hard of section and intensive distribution of mass in main beam. It is made a conclusion about the influence of characteristic of beam on the resonance regime of vibration.
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Sowa, Leszek, Wiesława Piekarska, Tomasz Skrzypczak, and Paweł Kwiatoń. "The effect of restraints type on the generated stresses in gantry crane beam." MATEC Web of Conferences 157 (2018): 02046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815702046.
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This paper includes an analysis of the mechanical phenomena in the gantry crane beam, because the cranes are currently one of the most common devices for the transporting loads. Designing modern mechanical structures is a complex task that requires the use of appropriate tools. Such a modern tool is the numerical simulation, which uses different numerical methods. One of the best known methods is the finite element method, also used here. Simulations are limited to analysis of the strength of the gantry crane beam that was the loaded of the force load movement along its length. The numerical analysis was made to the gantry crane beam which cross-section was an I-beam and ends were fixed in different ways. As the result of numerical calculations, the stresses and displacements of the structure of gantry were obtained. The influence of the restraints type and changing the loading force position on generate the Huber-Misses stress in the gantry crane beam was estimated. The aim was to ensure that the maximum equivalent stress generated in the gantry crane beam was less than the strength of material, because then the construction is safe.
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Roshchin, V. A., S. D. Ivanov, and N. L. Mikhalchik. "DEVELOPMENT AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF THE SELF-ADJUSTMENT ALGORITHM OF THE OGSH LOAD LIMITER FOR BRIDGE CRANES." Vestnik SibADI 15, no. 4 (September 12, 2018): 514–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2018-4-514-524.
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Introduction. The mathematical self-adjustment model of the safety device for bridge cranes, which is developed by the authors as the limiter of loading capacity of broad application (OGSh) for the purpose of time reduction for device setup and of other material and labor inputs for requirements implementation of the Federal Norms and Rules (FNP) on protection of bridge cranes against overload, is described in the article.Materials and methods. Mass and dynamic characteristics of the crane (the specified mass of the drive, the inertia moment, rigidity of a pendant, response time and etc.); various stages of the loads lifting, on which absolutely various dynamic loadings impact and which are described by the systems of the differential equations with various entry and regional conditions, were proved in the research. Numerical methods for the solution of the differential equations systems with the usage of experimental data were also applied.Results. Assumptions and regional conditions in settlement model of self-adjustment of the OGSh device for practical application in development and designing of this type of devices are used and proved. Moreover, the settlement algorithm is realized and the OGSh device is programmed according to such settlement algorithm. Natural experiments and tests with the OGSh device on the developed self-adjustment algorithm are made.Thus, the results of experiments have confirmed the possibility of the algorithm application of selfadjustment model as the limiter of the OGSh loading capacity for obtaining work parameters and implementation of FNP requirements, which are necessary for such crane during the operation.Discussion and conclusion. The algorithm of the self-adjustment model of the safety device (SD) as the limiter of loading capacity provides the implementation of the FNP requirements, the reduction of time of the device setup, bigger convenience and simplicity of SD control on the OGSh; decrease in dynamic loads of the drive. Therefore, such algorithm would be recommended for application in all new SD of the OGSh made by ITTs KROS for bridge cranes.
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Potakhov, D. A. "Railway crane platform stabilization system." VNIIZHT Scientific Journal 80, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2021-80-3-160-167.
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When operating a railway crane in curved sections of the track, derailment of wheelsets of the crane bogies from the rail track when it is displaced during hanging on the outriggers, wheelset of the bogie missing the rail track after the work has been completed or the crane has been down from the outriggers, which significantly affects performance of loading and unloading operations. One of the reasons for the occurrence of such dangerous situations is the not strictly horizontal position of the non-rotating platform of the railway crane.Railway cranes are part of recovery trains designed to eliminate the consequences of rolling stock derailments. A priority for recovery trains is to reduce the time it takes to eliminate the consequences of traffic accidents, which can be achieved through the use of new or improved devices or methods.The article describes a system of automatic stabilization (leveling) of the platform of a railway crane (for example, EDK 500/1 crane type) when it moves in curved sections of the track (the motion of a railway crane at relatively low speeds (up to 50 km/h) is considered).In order to study the modernized technical system (a crane equipped with an automatic platform stabilization system), its mathematical simulation is carried out. At the initial stage, a solidstate digital model of a railway crane in combination with a section of a railway track is created in the SolidWorks computer-aided design system; developed solid model is translated into the Sim- Mechanics MATLAB environment. Further, in order to improve the adequacy of modeling, the developed dynamic model is being finalized by integrating MATLAB program libraries (SimMechanics, SimHydraulics, Fuzzy Logic Toolbox, etc.) to take into account the interaction of elements of different physical nature. Results of modeling modernized technical system are presented, which confirm the advisability of using the stabilization system on railway cranes when passing curved track sections.
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Tran, Quang Huy, Jungwon Huh, Van Bac Nguyen, Achintya Haldar, Choonghyun Kang, and Kyeong Min Hwang. "Comparative Study of Nonlinear Static and Time-History Analyses of Typical Korean STS Container Cranes." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (August 16, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2176894.
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Ship-to-shore (STS) container gantry cranes, used at terminals for loading and unloading containers from a ship, are an important part of harbor structures. The size and weight of modern STS container cranes are increasing to satisfy the demand for bigger ships. This is expected to result in more lateral load when excited by seismic motions. The existing Korean STS container cranes did not behave properly during several recent moderate earthquakes in South Korea. Typical Korean STS container cranes must be checked for the earthquake-resistant capacity. In this research, two nonlinear static analyses procedures, also known as pushover analyses, commonly used for seismic design of buildings, namely, capacity spectrum method and equivalent linearization method, are comprehensively studied to check their suitability for studying seismic behavior of STS cranes. Results obtained by these two nonlinear static analysis methods are then compared with the results obtained by nonlinear time-history analyses of the STS cranes by exciting them with nine recorded earthquake time histories around worldwide. The behaviors of the cranes are analyzed in terms of the total base shear, drift, and base uplift. The comparisons indicate that the nonlinear static methods can be appropriate for estimating the total base shear and drift of the portal frame of a container crane. The pushover analyses also provide information on performance levels as defined in ASCE/SEI 41-13, of a typical Korean STS container crane. Furthermore, it is observed that the uplift response of the crane is strongly influenced by the duration of an earthquake.
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Romanello, Giuseppe. "Stability analysis of mobile cranes and determination of outriggers loading." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 16, no. 6 (December 4, 2018): 938–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-05-2018-0084.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop mathematical tools that are reliable and easily implementable in computer codes, which address the determination of the outriggers reaction of mobile cranes and the monitoring of the actual stability margin available during lift operations. Design/methodology/approach An algorithm that determines the load transmitted to the ground by a mobile crane with four outriggers has been developed. Static theory of rigid body is adopted for the development of the algorithm and the static indeterminancy, due to the presence of more than three outriggers, is eluded through the adoption of specific hypotheses. An analysis of crane stability is also performed, and a method to monitor the actual stability behavior during lift operations is suggested. Findings A case study is proposed to test the algorithm and outcomes show a good matching with the actual outriggers reaction measured during a test conduct in situ. Two indices are introduced as a measure of the stability margin. Research limitations/implications The method developed accounts only for gravitational forces statically applied. Future works should be addressed to extend the model to the effect of wind and inertial forces. Practical implications This paper supplies a reliable tool to assess, in the design phase of a lifting operation, the compliance between bearing capacity of the ground and loads transmitted by outriggers. The method proposed for the analysis of the stability behavior is suitable for the development of an anti-upset device. Originality/value This study contributes to efforts to increase safety during lifting operations with mobile cranes. The method proposed is applicable to cranes with any geometry of the outriggers pattern and is extensible to a number of outriggers greater than four. Furthermore, the evaluation of the measure in real time of the stability margin, is not affected by the data entered by the crane’s operator with the consequence that human factor does not affect this measure.
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Solazzi, Luigi. "Stochastic wind loading applied to container crane." FME Transaction 46, no. 3 (2018): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fmet1803299s.
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Fidrovskaya, N., and I. Perevoznik. "Blow loading at motion of bridge crane." Engineering 21 (2018): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32820/2079-1747-2018-21-43-45.
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Rudnev, Alexsandr, and Vasiliy Liaturynskyi. "Stress state of the main girders of the overhead ingot-lifting crane." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, no. 95 (December 16, 2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.95.0.134.
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The analysis of stresses in the main beams of the bridge well crane is carried out in the work. Different types of load are considered: lifting with a pickup, and also loading on a bar from the side The stresses that occur in these cases are determined experimentally, theoretically, and with the help of software. Investigations of the stress state of box beams of cranes with rigid suspension by different methods indicate the reliability of the methods.
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Sutanto, Endi, and G. Soeharsono. "PERANCANGAN GANTRY CRANE KAPASITAS 10 TON DENGAN BANTUAN SOFTWARE." POROS 12, no. 1 (August 1, 2017): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/poros.v12i1.688.
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Abstract: Gantry crane is one of the lifting machines that use to lift and move loads which can’t lift by human power. The Applications of gantry crane can be seen at sea port area and loading area in industrial. The design of gantry crane must be applied to find the strength and endurability for the gantry crane. Design of gantry crane consists of hoisting mechanism and structure design. The design of gantry crane with 10 tons of capacity and 15 meters of span also applying strength analysis using auto desk inventor software will be discussed in this paper.
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Skrypnyk, О., V. Abrakitov, and A. Stepanenko. "RISK- ANALYSIS OF DIAGNOSTIC DIAGNOSIS DURING OPERATION OF SELF-PROPELLED LOADING CRANES OF THE ARROW TYPE." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 154 (April 3, 2020): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-1-154-267-271.
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The problem of managing the safe operation of hoisting machines with an expired service life is associated with solving extremely complex interrelated tasks through a set of organizational and technical measures aimed at establishing the actual risk and economic feasibility of further operation. The most important condition in this case is the conduct of an expert examination of industrial safety and technical diagnostics, the results of which make it possible to establish the real state of hoisting machines at the current time. The safety of hoisting machines, including after the expiration of the standard service life (assigned resource), is associated with design features, workmanship, installation quality, their operation modes and a number of other factors. However, for heavily loaded hoisting machines, the main technical obstacle to safe operation is metal fatigue The results of a statistical analysis of defects detected by expert diagnosis of self-propelled boom-type cranes that have fulfilled the standard operating period are presented. The largest number of defects is associated with the destruction and wear of structural elements, the occurrence of fatigue cracks and the violation of the operating conditions of the equipment. The greatest number of defects is found in the hydraulic system of cranes, elements of the cable-block system, less often in metal construction. To conduct a risk analysis of self-propelled jib cranes in conditions of insufficient information, a methodology for expert assessments is proposed. It allows you to evaluate the impact of potential defects of self-propelled jib cranes on the amount of economic damage to the crane itself and the transported load and on the magnitude of the traumatic impact on humans. Defects and damage to the metal structures of the cranes discovered during the examinations are the result of the following combination of reasons: low quality of the metal (mild steel); unsatisfactory design; unsatisfactory quality of manufacture and installation of individual elements; environmental aggressiveness; operation of cranes in an unintended mode, poor maintenance and repair Keywords: safety, propelled jib crane, defect, expert assessment, risk analysis, diagnosis.
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Fratila, C., T. Axinte, R. C. Cojocaru, C. Berescu, and I. C. Scurtu. "The study of the lifting mechanism of the crane arm to a barge." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 2, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v2i1.47.
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During cargo loading and unloading, the vessels’ lifting gear, even if anchored or moored, is affected by the pitch and roll movements, in addition to the usual stresses, a similar shore crane is subjected to. This paper aims at presenting an analysis of the lifting operations of a boom crane pertaining to a self-propelled barge. The analysis starts with the meshing with triangle elements, the stresses and the embedding using the finite elements method. The crane and the pertaining boom were modeled using CAD design, NX 10.0 from Siemens. The lifting equipment of the ships boom crane may be subject to dangerous defects occurring during the loading and unloading process. Subsequently, the research emphasizes the stresses occurred in the piston rod and in the eye of the lifting equipment, using the finite element method (FEM). After the stress analysis, several fatigue matters are studied: fatigue safety factor, fatigue life, strength safety factor and crack. The damaging or breaking of the eye or of the piston rod from the lifting equipment of the ships boom crane is leading to the blocking of the cylinder with the result of unfavorable events, such as deformation of the boom crane, damaging the loads and even the danger of sinking the barge. The results of this analysis provide ship-owner and maintenance engineers a useful tool to take appropriate decision during inspection of the lifting gear of the ship, prior commencement of the loading and unloading operations.
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Jiao, Qianqian, Yixiao Qin, Yuehuang Han, and Jinpeng Gu. "Modeling and Optimization of Pulling Point Position of Luffing Jib on Portal Crane." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (April 8, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4627257.
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Portal crane is the most commonly used equipment for cargo handling of large mixed loading ships with its advantages of flexible and convenient operation, wide adaptability, and high loading and unloading efficiency. The reasonable modeling and optimization of the pulling point position of luffing jib of portal crane can reduce the rack force of portal crane and the power consumption output of the rack and pinion during the luffing process. Based on penalty function optimization, the interior point method is used to optimize the pulling point position of luffing jib. Compared with the initial design, the race force of the luffing jib is reduced to a certain extent. In addition, the consistency between the finite element analysis results and the optimization results can be verified, and the effectiveness of the optimization design is also proved through the finite element analysis of portal crane.
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Liu, Yi, Sabina Shahbazzade, and Jian Wang. "The AFSA-GA Algorithm for the Quay Crane Scheduling Problem of the Loading and Unloading Operations." International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence 9, no. 3 (July 2017): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssci.2017070104.
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In order to improve the efficiency of container terminals, eliminate the empty quay cranes movements, the simultaneous loading and unloading operations in same ship-bay is advanced. The AFSA-GA algorithm is proposed to solve the mixed integer programming model of the dual-cycle operation, which take advantage of the strong local search ability of GA and the global optimum search ability of AFSA. The experiment shows that AFSA-GA algorithm can improve the operation efficiency of quay crane significantly.
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Eglynas, Tomas, Mindaugas Jusis, Sergej Jakovlev, Audrius Senulis, Arunas Andziulis, and Saulius Gudas. "Analysis of the efficiency of shipping containers handling/loading control methods and procedures." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 2019): 168781401882122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018821229.
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Most modern quay cranes operate under the operator’s control. Lifting, lowering, and transporting a container from one platform to another are just some of the actions that a person is responsible for, but the negative consequences of handling can be caused not only by his actions. An error, loading transient instability, or an undervalued environmental factor in the control algorithm can cause a risk to human safety, container, and cargo security. In order to control cargo-handling risk, it is necessary to improve the cargo control systems not only by changing their software, but also by creating additional control algorithms and systems. These systems with programmed control algorithms should be integrated into existing systems to control cargo security and its transfer time. In this article, transient processes and dynamic property of the cargo-handling operation are described and multibody dynamics simulation performed using laboratory prototype of a quay crane. The experimental research performed and integrated autonomous quay crane control algorithm developed with the proposed embedded container swinging control subroutine operated in optimal mode when the control system used PID controller with a feedback including additional PI controller and S-shaped input signal for the analyzed case with the defined parameter set.
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Liu, Leilei, Kun Guan, and Peisen Wu. "Analysis and research on energy utilization efficiency of port portal crane." E3S Web of Conferences 341 (2022): 01024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234101024.
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Portal crane is one of the important equipment of bulk terminal, which is specially used for shore loading and unloading operation. It mainly consumes electric energy. In order to clarify the utilization of electric energy during the operation of portal crane and analyze the energy utilization efficiency, a portal crane of a bulk terminal was selected as the research object and the energy utilization was tested. The voltage, current, imbalance, harmonic, power and energy efficiency of portal crane were analyzed in his paper. Some suggestions were put forward to improve the energy utilization efficiency and reduce energy consumption of portal crane.
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Lawani, Kenneth, Chioma Okoro, Michael Tong, and Billy Hare. "Maximizing Construction of Timber Kit Homes Using Telescopic Crane to Improve Efficiency and Safety: A Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 10238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410238.
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The challenges of improving efficiency and safety is a daunting task as workers are squeezed with an ever-dwindling resource pool and yet expected to deliver construction projects at optimum capacity. Improving efficiency and safety using telescopic cranes for the construction of Off-Site Manufacturing (OSM) timber kit homes is a viable option for the speedy delivery of new homes. An action research evaluated the maximization of the build and process efficiency and safety using a crane to erect wall panels, floors, and roofs. Data collection through direct observation assessed the labor uptime and downtime, including crane usage. A balanced score card was used by management for strategic organizational decision-making regarding the crane erection. The use of the crane reduced workplace manual handling of OSM panels, minimized the exposure of operatives to work at height risks, and eliminated alterations to scaffolds. However, the manual loading of thermal-insulated plasterboards to floor decks impacted the process efficiency and speed of installing the fixtures and increased the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. High labor downtimes were associated with the adverse weather conditions, which slowed the efficiency of the workforce during construction. The management’s inability to adequately plan the work program further hindered aspects of lifting operations and the speed and number of houses built.
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He, Xue Hong, Liang Dong Ding, and Gui Yu Lin. "Reliability Analysis for Crane Boom Base on Probabilistic Finite Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 118-120 (June 2010): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.118-120.502.
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Working condition and structure for crane boom is quite complex. In order to ensure the safety of crane, there is a high requirement for reliability. In this paper, probabilistic finite element method is used to analyze the reliability of crane boom. Parametric finite element model of crane boom is built and uncertain parameters are obtained by analyzing characteristics of dimensions, materials, loads and constraint conditions for crane boom. Uncertain parameters like structural dimensions, material parameters and loading parameters, etc are processed discretely and reliability of crane boom is obtained by using Probabilistic Design System (PDS) of ANSYS. Meanwhile, we can get the main parameters which affect reliability of crane boom and how much their influences will be by sensitivity analysis.
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Robinson, Zulnasri, Effendi, and Wencen Suberiston Sihotang. "Analisis Kerusakan Deck Crane Pada Saat Proses Bongkar Muat di Kapal MV. Ch Bella." Prosiding Seminar Pelayaran dan Teknologi Terapan 2, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36101/pcsa.v2i1.133.
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Deck crane merupakan alat yang digunakan untuk proses menaikkan muatan ke atas kapal (loading) ataupun proses bongkar muatan dari kapal ke darat (discharging). Masalah yang sering ditemui adalah kerusakan motor listrik pada deck crane dan kerusakan pada wire deck crane. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui penyebab kerusakan pada pada motor listrik deck crane dan mengetahui penyebab kerusakan pada wire deck crane. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa kerusakan pada motor listrik disebabkan oleh 3 hal yaitu: motor listrik mengalami kepanasan (overheating), cooling fan pada motor listrik kotor, getaran pada shaft motor listrik yang tidak stabil. Kerusakan pada wire crane kapal disebabkan oleh wire yang rusak, pengurangan diameter pada wire crane, korosi, perubahan bentuk wire rope dan kerusakan akibat panas yang menyebabkan usia pemakaian dari wire crane tersebut menjadi berkurang
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He, Yun Yan, and Yan Hai Hu. "Synchronized Loading and Unloading Containers Method Based on Simultaneous Hatches Operations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 939–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.939.
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Based upon synchronized loading and unloading containers method, a multi-objective optimization model was established. Minimizing the weighing vehicle transporting time and quay-crane(QC) handling time is taken as the objective. When the container ship reached the terminal, loading and unloading work was beginning. The optimal operational sequence of hatches in a bay was obtained by optimized computing, as well as the shortest handling time of vehicle and quay-crane. By numerical simulation, the efficiency is improved 22.62%~31.47%; the average rate of increase is 27.01%. The results illustrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed synchronized loading and unloading containers method by comparing with the traditional operations method.
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Goldman, Carl. "Design of crane runway girders for top running and underrunning cranes and monorails." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): 987–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-110.
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This paper contains a review of crane characteristics such as speed, wheel loads, and runway tolerances. A review of the rails and fastening is made. The paper presents the design of runway girders and a discussion on the selection of various sections or built-up members. A comparison is made between various specifications for impact and fatigue loading. Deflection tolerances and long spans are discussed. Details of supports at columns are presented and discussed, in particular, poor details causing failure as well as those that have performed well over many years. This paper is useful for structural engineers designing heavy industrial structures. Key words: crane characteristics, runway girder design and supports.
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Ali, Ghulam Muhammad, Asif Mansoor, Shuai Liu, Jacek Olearczyk, Ahmed Bouferguene, and Mohamed Al-Hussein. "Decision support for hydraulic crane stabilization using combined loading and crane mat strength analysis." Automation in Construction 131 (November 2021): 103884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103884.
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Muhamid, Rian, Willy Tambunan, and Lina Dianati Fatimahhayati. "Analisis Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Kegiatan Bongkar Muat Pupuk." Jurnal INTECH Teknik Industri Universitas Serang Raya 4, no. 2 (December 19, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30656/intech.v4i2.924.
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A company that serves loading and unloading services which includes demolition and loading of goods carried out in the Pier Port area also has a high potential for workplace accidents. From interviews with safety officers, accidents that occur are still limited to minor accidents such as eye irritation due to dust and irritation to the feet due to fertilizer leaking and about the body of the worker. Based on the workers' side, the potential for workplace accidents can be overwritten by fertilizers, irritation due to leaky fertilizers, respiratory problems from chemical conditions that smell of fertilizers and fall from trucks. This study aims to determine the activities that have the potential for workplace accidents and carry out risk assessments that occur with the HIRARC method. The object of research is a company engaged in loading and unloading operations operating in East Kalimantan. Data collection is done by direct observation by observing the location and activities of workers. Also, by direct interview with the Safety Officer (1 person), Field Coordinator (1 person), Tally Man (1 person), Rager Crane Ship (1 person) and field workers totaling 33 workers. The results of the study obtained risk factors from 8 activities such as placing cranes, preparing loading and unloading equipment, installing slings and hooks to crane hooks, preparing tally man tables on the dockside, workers entering barges, directing transport trucks, fertilizer loading, heading vehicles to leave the dock and 14 potential hazards. From the risk assessment obtained three sources of extreme value hazard, nine sources of hazard that have high-risk values and two sources of hazards that have moderate risk values. Risk control can be done to providing K3 guidance, make good working procedures, and use complete PPE in carrying out loading and unloading activities.
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Ito, Masanori, and Feifei Zhang. "Intelligent Control for Container Terminal AGV." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 2, no. 3 (June 20, 1998): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.1998.p0072.
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The world's container cargo trading is increasing daily, and the role of the container terminal is becoming more important as the center of cargo transportation. In Japan, new container terminals being constructed face very severe competition with larger, cheaper terminals so they must handle cargo more efficiently and cheaply. To cope, handling systems such as container cranes, yard cranes, and conveyers are being automated to enable unattended operation unloading and loading schedule planning, etc., are being computerized. In these system, crane automation and control computerization are already generalized, but automatic control of container conveyers is not completed yet. The container conveyer -15m long, 4m wide, and 1.5m high - picks up containers from container ships with a container crane and hauls them to the shift yard for release to the yard crane. Both crane are operated automatically, so the conveyer must stop at the desired position within a permissible error of ±7.5cm, and run on a predetermined course and speed. Collision avoidance is required because many vehicles oparate on the same course. The automated guided vehicle (AGV) system, which is diesel-driven, 4WS and 4WD, was thought to be effective, but container weights very widely, as do road conditions which depend on weather, so conventional control is not sufficient to maintain the required accuracy. We applied learning control to maintain the desired course and for stopping at the desired position. Speed was controlled, conventionally. The system's applicability was confirmed with computer simulation and vehicle performance testing. This system will be used at the Kawasaki container terminal in 1999 and we are currently working on improving performance.
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Korytov, M. S., V. S. Sherbakov, V. E. Belyakov, and A. V. Zubar. "Experimental studies of load vibrations when moving the DEC-251 loading crane." Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 7, no. 3 (September 25, 2021): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9920-2021-07-03-217-226.
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Measurement of the parameters of vibrations of the load moved by a self-propelled crane with a flexible rope suspension when the crane moves along an unprepared construction site with irregularities is an urgent task, since it will allow using the obtained numerical values of the vibration parameters to improve the accuracy of the crane’s operation in terms of moving loads. Based on the solution of this problem, it is possible to create systems for automatic damping of cargo vibrations. This will reduce the time spent on performing a work step when moving a load. This also solves the problem of reducing the dynamic loads on the elements of the crane. The article discusses one of the methods for determining the angles of deviations of the point of the load and the point of suspension of the load on the boom when moving the DEK-251 mobile crane along the unevenness of the construction site using the projection-polynomial mathematical model of the optoelectronic system. As an example, the article presents a number of graphs of time dependences of changes in the values of the angles of deviations of the load and the point of suspension of the load when moving over the unevenness of the site of a crane with a boom length of 22 meters and an angle of inclination of the boom of 48 degrees. The cargo was at a height of 4.8 meters, the weight of the cargo was 200 kilograms. The graphical time dependences of the load fluctuations and the load suspension point in the longitudinal plane are given in the form of angles of deviations from the lens center, taking into account the microrelief. The data allows you to calculate the linear coordinates of objects in space. Moreover, the results were obtained taking into account the camera errors.
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Kovalskiy, V. F., and I. A. Lagerev. "Impact of wind effects on the loading of hydraulic cranes-manipulators with articulated booms." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 9, no. 4-1 (February 20, 2015): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67154.
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This article analyzes the influence of intensity of the longitudinal and transverse wind effects on its loading, using universal mathematical models for investigating of the dynamics of a hydraulic crane boom when moving units. The authors showed that the wind load not only causes additional stresses in structural elements, but also affects the kinematic and dynamic motion parameters of links articulated boom crane.
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Żółtowski, Mariusz, Michał Liss, Bogdan Żółtowski, and Josef Melcer. "Truss Harbor Cranes Modal Design Elements Research." Polish Maritime Research 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2015-0076.
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Abstract Dockside cranes must meet the relevant strength requirements that provide usefulness and not endanger the safety of their use. The vibration effect on structural safety hazard results from the impact of horizontal forces caused by the transport of goods for loading and transverse forces caused by wind, which can be dangerous for correct functioning. In addition, there are often serious effects of climate-related impacts of the environment, material fatigue, which actuates the degradation state of the object. Dynamic loads may therefor cause random effects that devastate the structures or lead to their catastrophic destruction. Recognizing the need to improve the testing methods of crane structures in order to assess their condition and assess their safety factors - this paper attempts to develop a methodology for testing the degradation of the selected portion of a construction crane - using experimental modal analysis, realized in simulation tests in the Inventor environment as well as at test stand research.
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Moskvichev, V. V., and E. A. Chaban. "Analysis of the fatigue cracks development in crane girders and assessment of their residual life." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 84, no. 7 (August 8, 2018): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2018-84-7-47-54.
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The results of analysis of the residual life of crane girders with operational defects based on numerical studies of the stress-strain state, equations of limiting states, and kinetic dependences of the fatigue crack development, based on the criteria of deformation and fracture mechanics are presented. High level of wear of the fixed capital assets of engineering constructions and metal structures as well as operation of the facilities in beyond-design-basis terms contribute to origination of the emergency situations caused by damage accumulation. Crane girders operated under emergency conditions due to the fatigue cracks of different lengths present in the most dangerous zones of the beam wall with an eccentric application of crane load are studied. The results of the numerical experiment revealed the lines of tension intensity impact at the crack tip appeared at the upper zone of the wall at different values of the loading eccentricity attributed to the rail shift from the vertical axis of the beam. The dependence of the length of the fatigue crack and stress intensity in the crack tip on the number of load cycles of the beam is determined. To assess the bearing capacity of crane girders operated in emergency conditions, it is suggested to use the effective values of the stress intensity factors calculated for the specific loading conditions, taking into account the structural features of the beams, size of the fatigue cracks and their location in the crane girders. Proceeding from the results of analysis the diagrams which provide of the remaining residual life of crane girders with a crack are constructed. Using traditional methods of structure calculation for cyclic fracture toughness we developed and implemented the calculation algorithm for individual lifetime of the crane girders which includes the obligatory analysis of the stress-strain state of the crane girders with a crack at the upper zone of the wall.
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He, Yi Bin, Yu Zhang, Bing Kuan Yang, Shi Wen Liu, and Ding Fang Chen. "Finite Element Analysis in Dynamic Conditions of Bridge Crane Beam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 331 (July 2013): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.331.70.
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On the basis of analysis of the existing problems in the bridge crane of today's society, bridge crane girders were modeled and calculated by using three-dimensional design software, then discussed its finite element analysis. It turns out the research and analysis of the main beam in load in static and dynamic conditions. Through a comparative study of displacement diagram and stress-deformation diagram in the case of loading inertia force or no inertia force, it provides important reference for the bridge crane design, optimization, and lightweight optimization.
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Stańczykiewicz, Arkadiusz, Dariusz Kulak, Krzysztof Leszczyński, Grzegorz Szewczyk, and Paweł Kozicki. "Effectiveness and Injury Risk during Timber Forwarding with a Quad Bike in Early Thinning." Forests 12, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 1626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12121626.
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Within the majority of forest areas where timber is harvested for industrial and energy purposes, working technologies using highly efficient multi-operational machinery and equipment are employed. The situation is different in fragmented, privately owned forests. In such forests, timber harvesting is mainly based on motor-manual technologies with a high proportion of manual labor, both at the stage of felling and timber processing and at the stage of its transport. The study aimed to characterize the work time structure of the ATV unit driver and his helper, to determine the productivity of this team, and to estimate the risk of injury during manual loading and unloading. Based on the data collected during the field research, the theoretical work time structure, work productivity and costs, and injury risk were estimated as a result of using a professional small trailer equipped with a hydraulic crane for timber forwarding, designed for aggregation with the ATV. The average, calculated productivity of timber forwarding (over an average distance of about 500 m) with manual loading and unloading was almost twice as low as the estimated average productivity of forwarding with mechanical loading and unloading using a hydraulic crane. The total unit costs (including labor costs) of forwarding with manual loading and unloading were almost threefold higher than those of forwarding using a trailer with a hydraulic crane. The use of small forest trailers equipped with a hydraulic crane not only ensures higher productivity and cost effectiveness but also allows reducing (even by several percent) the inconvenience of manual timber handling and the risk of strain of the musculoskeletal system.
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Lee, Jaecheul. "Deep learning–assisted real-time container corner casting recognition." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 15, no. 1 (January 2019): 155014771882446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147718824462.
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Intelligent automated crane systems are now an integral part of container port automation. Accurate corner casting detection boosts the performance of an automated crane system which ultimately automates ships loading and unloading. Existing techniques use various traditional laser-based and vision-based methods for corner casting detection. Challenging weather conditions, varying lighting conditions, light reflections from ground, and container rusting conditions are the main problems that affect the performance of automated cranes. From this line of research, we propose an end-to-end method that takes a low-quality video input and produces bounding boxes around corner castings by applying a recurrent neural network along with long short-term memory units. The expressive image features from GoogLeNet are used to produce intermediate image representations that are further tuned for our system. The proposed system uses back-propagation to allow joint tuning of all components. At least, four cameras are mounted on each crane and input stream is combined into a single image to reduce the computational cost. The proposed system outperforms all existing methods in terms of precision, recall, and F-measure. The proposed method is implemented in a real-time port and produces more than 98% accuracy in all conditions.
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Eglynas, Tomas, Marijonas Bogdevičius, Arūnas Andziulis, and Tomas Lenkauskas. "OVERVIEW OF CRANE CONTROL SYSTEMS AND THE RELATED PROBLEMS: ANALYSIS OF CONTAINER OSCILLATION USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF CARGOES / KONTEINERINIO KRANO VALDYMO SISTEMŲ IR PROBLEMŲ APŽVALGA: KONTEINERIO SU SKIRTINGAIS KROVINIAIS SVYRAVIMŲ ANALIZĖ." Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 7, no. 6 (April 1, 2016): 642–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2015.884.
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Growing international trading increased cargo transportation in containers, therefore the port cranes have higher loads. Increased cargo flows can influence transportation safety. It is therefore necessary to review the crane systems and determine what factors might influence the volatility of the container and its cargo during transportation. The paper includes consideration and analysis of crane control systems and related problems. The authors consider the reasons of problems, probable damage and solution methods. The paper also provides the analysis of the relationship between different container cargoes and container oscillations occurring during handling operations using a container crane prototype. The analysis of the effect of different cargoes in containers on loading process and the results of occurring oscillations are presented. Didėjant tarpžemyninei prekybai, išaugo krovinių gabenimas jūriniais konteineriais, todėl uoste esantiems kranams tenka didesnis transportavimo krūvis. Padidėję krovinių srautai daro įtaką transportavimo saugumui, todėl reikia apžvelgti krano sistemas ir nustatyti, kokie veiksniai gali daryti įtaką konteinerio svyravimams transportavimo metu. Šiame darbe yra nagrinėjamos ir analizuojamos konteinerinių kranų valdymo sistemos ir su jomis susijusios problemos. Autoriai nagrinėja problemų priežastis, galimą žalą ir sprendimui taikomus metodus. Straipsnyje pateikiama ryšio tarp skirtingų konteinerio krovinių ir svyravimų, atsirandančių krovos darbų metu, analizė, naudojant konteinerinio krano prototipą. Darbe taip pat pateikiami svyravimų analizės rezultatai, įvertinant skirtingų konteineryje esančių krovinių įtaką krovos procesui.
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Hsu, Hsien-Pin, Chia-Nan Wang, Hsin-Pin Fu, and Thanh-Tuan Dang. "Joint Scheduling of Yard Crane, Yard Truck, and Quay Crane for Container Terminal Considering Vessel Stowage Plan: An Integrated Simulation-Based Optimization Approach." Mathematics 9, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 2236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9182236.
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The joint scheduling of quay cranes (QCs), yard cranes (YCs), and yard trucks (YTs) is critical to achieving good overall performance for a container terminal. However, there are only a few such integrated studies. Especially, those who have taken the vessel stowage plan (VSP) into consideration are very rare. The VSP is a plan assigning each container a stowage position in a vessel. It affects the QC operations directly and considerably. Neglecting this plan will cause problems when loading/unloading containers into/from a ship or even congest the YT and YC operations in the upstream. In this research, a framework of simulation-based optimization methods have been proposed firstly. Then, four kinds of heuristics/metaheuristics has been employed in this framework, such as sort-by-bay (SBB), genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and multiple groups particle swarm optimization (MGPSO), to deal with the yard crane scheduling problem (YCSP), yard truck scheduling problem (YTSP), and quay crane scheduling problem (QCSP) simultaneously for export containers, taking operational constraints into consideration. The objective aims to minimize makespan. Each of the simulation-based optimization methods includes three components, load-balancing heuristic, sequencing method, and simulation model. Experiments have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of different simulation-based optimization methods. The results show that the MGPSO outperforms the others.
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Manner, Jussi, Simon Berg, Martin Englund, Back Tomas Ersson, and Anders Mörk. "Innovative productivity improvements in forest operations: a comparative study of the Assortment Grapple using a machine simulator." Journal of Forest Science 66, No. 11 (November 30, 2020): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/104/2020-jfs.
Full textAbstract:
Because of generally small log piles, loading forwarders during thinning is time consuming. The Assortment Grapple, an innovative grapple with an extra pair of claws which facilitates the handling of two assortments during one loading crane cycle, has been designed to decrease forwarders’ loading time consumption. A standardized experiment was performed in a virtual thinning stand using a machine simulator with the objectives to form guidelines for working with the Assortment Grapple and to analyse its development potential. Four experienced operators participated in the study. According to the results, the Assortment Grapple’s accumulating function is beneficial only when there are no remaining trees between piles loaded during the same crane cycle. In such cases, none of participating operators lost time, and 3 of 4 operators saved time notably. The problem with the remaining trees is the extra time required to steer the crane tip around them. Therefore, a harvester should place those log piles that are later to be forwarded together in the same space with no remaining trees between the piles. Furthermore, we recommend that the Assortment Grapple’s usability will be improved by adding an own rocker switch on the forwarder’s controls to command the extra claws.