Relevant bibliographies by topics / Loading area

Academic literature on the topic 'Loading area'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 25 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Loading area"

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Chao, T. L. "Stresses in Spherical Shells Due to Local Loadings Over a Rectangular Area." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 107, no. 2 (May 1, 1985): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3264436.

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Analytical solutions for displacements, membrane stresses, and bending stresses in spherical shells due to local loadings over a rectangular area were developed. The three types of loading considered are radial load, overturning moment load, and tangential shear load.
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Wolff, Siegfried, Meng-Jiao Wang, and Ewe-Hong Tan. "Filler-Elastomer Interactions. Part VII. Study on Bound Rubber." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 66, no. 2 (May 1, 1993): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538304.

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Abstract SBR compounds were filled with 17 carbon blacks covering the whole range of rubber grades and tested for bound-rubber content. It was found that the bound-rubber content of a polymer at high loadings is higher for large surface-area carbon blacks. On the other hand, the bound-rubber content per unit of interfacial area in the compound (specific bound-rubber content) decreases with increasing specific surface area and filler loading. This observation was interpreted in terms of interaggregate multiple molecular adsorption, filler agglomeration, and change of molecular weight of rubber during mixing. When the comparison was carried out at critical loading of a coherent mass, the specific bound-rubber content was found to be higher for the high-surface-area products which are characterized by high surface energies. The critical loading of coherent mass of bound rubber also shows a strong surface-area dependence, indicating that large particle carbon blacks give high critical loadings. The measurements of bound rubber at high temperatures for carbon-black-filled compounds and in an ammonia atmosphere for silica-filled compounds suggest that bound rubber is caused essentially by physical adsorption.
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Forquin, Pascal. "Brittle materials at high-loading rates: an open area of research." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2085 (January 28, 2017): 20160436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0436.

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Brittle materials are extensively used in many civil and military applications involving high-strain-rate loadings such as: blasting or percussive drilling of rocks, ballistic impact against ceramic armour or transparent windshields, plastic explosives used to damage or destroy concrete structures, soft or hard impacts against concrete structures and so on. With all of these applications, brittle materials are subjected to intense loadings characterized by medium to extremely high strain rates (few tens to several tens of thousands per second) leading to extreme and/or specific damage modes such as multiple fragmentation, dynamic cracking, pore collapse, shearing, mode II fracturing and/or microplasticity mechanisms in the material. Additionally, brittle materials exhibit complex features such as a strong strain-rate sensitivity and confining pressure sensitivity that justify expending greater research efforts to understand these complex features. Currently, the most popular dynamic testing techniques used for this are based on the use of split Hopkinson pressure bar methodologies and/or plate-impact testing methods. However, these methods do have some critical limitations and drawbacks when used to investigate the behaviour of brittle materials at high loading rates. The present theme issue of Philosophical Transactions A provides an overview of the latest experimental methods and numerical tools that are currently being developed to investigate the behaviour of brittle materials at high loading rates. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Experimental testing and modelling of brittle materials at high strain rates’.
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Dar, RooufUnNabi, and Mehtab Alam. "Gravity dams under blast loading: A Review." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 1273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.651.

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Hi-tech wars, accidental explosions, and subversive bombing attacks have alarmingly increased throughout the globe in recent times. Destructive Beirut explosion that occurred recently is the witness of this fact. Thus, it is increasingly realized that blast loading is a potential threat to the structures of higher importance. With the rapid development of precision and transmission techniques, the accuracy to blast the target and destruction potential of guided or controlled blasts have increased the vulnerability of important structures from subversive attacks in strategic border areas. Consequently, important infrastructure has become susceptible to such harsh blast loadings. Notwithstanding this prevailing belief that risk to water facilities from blast loading is small, yet dam operators and engineers are aware of 9/11 kind of threat [6]. The failure of dams with large reservoirs as a result of blast loads will cause serious economic loss by damaging the structure, hit agricultural sector of the area and also inundate downstream populated area. Modern dams are designed considering conventional loads, including hydrostatic pressure, gravity, sediment pressure, uplift pressure and seismic loads. Seismic performance evaluation of dam-reservoir-foundation systems under strong earthquakes has been widely studied [1, 10, 17, 18, 28, 29]. The effects of explosions on dams are not very well understood because not many investigations have been done on blast performance of dams. This is why most dam engineers lack the understanding of response of dams under blast loading. This review presents the studies conducted on gravity dams subjected to various kinds of impulsive loadings. Also, numerical investigations done on concrete gravity dams (CGD) subjected to blast loading have been comprehensively reviewed. Probable research gap on underwater explosive loading to dams is also presented.
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Goronszy, Mervyn C., Nigel Slater, and Dennis Konicki. "The cyclic activated sludge system for resort area wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 9-10 (November 1, 1995): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0675.

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Significant load variation is imposed on wastewater treatment infrastructure at resort centres. The type of resort centre plays a large part in both hydraulic and organic loading dynamics. Climatic conditions may also be a determining factor on the loading pattern. Holiday patterns also have a large impact upon loading dynamics. Performance of the Portage/Catawba Cyclic Activated Sludge System, located on the shores of Lake Erie, is described relative to the loading dynamics of the Summer/Winter populations.
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Theis, Pascal, W. David Z. Wallace, Lingmei Ni, Markus Kübler, Annika Schlander, Robert W. Stark, Natascha Weidler, Markus Gallei, and Ulrike I. Kramm. "Systematic study of precursor effects on structure and oxygen reduction reaction activity of FeNC catalysts." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 379, no. 2209 (September 13, 2021): 20200337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0337.

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In this work, the effect of porphyrin loading and template size is varied systematically to study its impact on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and selectivity as followed by rotating ring disc electrode experiments in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. The structural composition and morphology are investigated by 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. It is shown that with decreasing template size, specifically the ORR performance towards fuel cell application gets improved, while at constant area loading of the iron precursor (here expressed in number of porphyrin layers), the iron signature does not change much. Moreover, it is well illustrated that too large area loadings result in the formation of undesired side phases that also cause a decrease in the performance, specifically in acidic electrolyte. Thus, if the impact of morphology is the focus of research it is important to consider the area loading rather than its weight loading. At constant weight loading, beside morphology the structural composition can also change and impact the catalytic performance. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bio-derived and bioinspired sustainable advanced materials for emerging technologies (part 2)’.
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Scerpella, Tamara A., Jodi N. Dowthwaite, Nicole M. Gero, Jill A. Kanaley, and Robert J. Ploutz-Snyder. "Skeletal Benefits of Pre-Menarcheal Gymnastics Are Retained After Activity Cessation." Pediatric Exercise Science 22, no. 1 (February 2010): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.22.1.21.

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Mechanical loading during childhood and adolescence may yield skeletal benefits that persist beyond activity cessation and menarche. At 1 year pre- and 2 years post-menarche, nondominant forearm areal bone mineral density (aBMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and projected area (area) were compared in gymnasts (n = 9), ex-gymnasts (n = 8) and nongymnasts (n = 13). At both observations, gymnasts and ex-gymnasts had higher forearm aBMD, BMC and area than nongymnasts. gymnasts had higher postmenarcheal means than ex-gymnasts for all three parameters. Childhood mechanical loading yields skeletal advantages that persist at least 24 months after loading cessation and menarche. Continued postmenarcheal loading yields additional benefit.
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Surry, D., and E. M. F. Stopar. "Wind loading of large low buildings." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 16, no. 4 (August 1, 1989): 526–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l89-083.

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The paper aims to define an interior region on large low buildings within which lower external uplift pressures can be used for design rather than those recommended by the 1985 Supplement to the National Building Code of Canada. An extensive data base of pressures measured over tributary areas representative of those used for column design has been measured using 1:500 scale models of buildings ranging from 3500 to 90 000 m2 in plan area. Summary curves based on all the data have been determined and compared with data from other sources in the literature. An overall recommendation for specified pressure coefficients at various distances from the edge of nearly flat-roofed buildings is presented, which includes a reduction in the external loads beyond five roof heights by a factor of 2.5. Key words: wind pressure, wind loading, large low buildings, tributary area.
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Lv, Guixiang, and Liudong Xing. "Influence of Load on Reliability of Storage Area Networks." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 1533–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2021.6.6.091.

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During the coronavirus pandemic, telecommuting is widely required, making remote data access grow significantly. This requires highly reliable data storage solutions. Storage area networks (SANs) are one of such solutions. To guarantee that SANs can deliver the desired quality of service, cascading failures must be prevented, which occur when a single initial incident triggers a cascade of unexpected failures of other devices. One such incident is the data loading/overloading, causing the malfunction of one device and further cascading failures. Thus, it is crucial to address influence of data loading on the SAN reliability modeling and analysis. In this work, we make contributions by modeling the effects of data loading on the reliability of an individual switch device in SANs though the proportional-hazards model and accelerated failure-time model. Effects of loading on the reliability of the entire SAN are further investigated through dynamic fault trees and binary decision diagrams-based analysis of a mesh SAN system.
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Wang, Jia Min, Zhao Lei Ding, Chuan Zhen Huang, and Zhao Liang Jiang. "Research of Wind Velocity Field of the Loading Area in Case of Empty Refrigerated Compartment of the Single Temperature Zone Refrigerator Transportation Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.469.

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An automatic test system of airflow performance in refrigerator transportation vehicle is proposed and constructed. The wind velocity field of loading area of empty refrigerated compartment is test in this research. The distribution characteristics of the tri-dimensional wind velocity field are analyzed. The plenty vortex areas in the back part of the recurvature area of the refrigerated compartment is beneficial to the uniformity of the temperature field, the flow fields of the loading area are obviously influenced by vortex areas and the face that the area below the return air inlet is most probably one of the temperature blind angles are concluded.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Loading area"

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Ainscow, Frank. "The development of equipment and techniques to enable the design of MAP networks for optimum performance under high levels of loading." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302752.

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Андрейко, Сергій Віталійович. "Живильник гвинтовий з модернізацією гвинта." Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/34476.

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Проєкт містить опис технологічного процесу виробництва бетону, в якому присутній живильник гвинтовий, розглянуто його призначення та місце в технологічній схемі. У роботі надані технічні характеристики, розглянуті конструкція і принцип дії живильника гвинтового, виконані параметричні, кінематичні та розрахунки на міцність гвинта, які підтверджують працездатність та надійність конструкції машини. У проєкті було виконано літературно-патентний пошук конструкцій живильника гвинтового з метою обрання варіанту модернізації гвинта. Модернізація гвинта виконана шляхом поділення гвинта на 2 зони (зону завантаження матеріалу t1 і зону основної ділянки t2), що дозволяє зменшити скупчення матеріалу в зоні основної ділянки, зменшити тертя матеріалу об корпус гвинтового живильника, підвищити експлуатаційну надійність та довговічність машини. Також, у бакалаврському дипломному проєкті надані рекомендації щодо монтажу та експлуатації пристрою до виготовлення корпусу підшипника.
The project contains a description of the technological process of concrete production, in which there is a screw feeder, its purpose and place in the technological scheme are considered. The paper presents the technical characteristics, considered the design and principle of operation of the screw feeder, performed parametric, kinematic and calculations for the strength of the screw, which confirm the efficiency and reliability of the machine. In the project the literature-patent search of designs of the screw feeder for the purpose of a choice of a variant of modernization of the screw was carried out. The screw modernization is performed by dividing the screw into 2 zones (material loading zone t1 and the main section zone t2), which reduces material accumulation in the main section area, reduces material friction on the screw feeder housing, increases operational reliability and durability of the machine. Also, the bachelor's thesis project provides recommendations for installation and operation of the device for the manufacture of the bearing housing.
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Widana, Pathiranage Amila Gayan Rakkitha Thilakarathne. "Modelling busway operation with mixed stopping and non-stopping buses." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/82819/1/Amila%20Gayan%20Rakkitha%20Thilakarathne_Widana%20Pathiranage_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis investigated the complexity of busway operation with stopping and non-stopping buses using field data and microscopic simulation modelling. The proposed approach made significant recommendations to transit authorities to achieve the most practicable system capacity for existing and new busways. The empirical equations developed in this research and newly introduced analysis methods will be ideal tools for transit planners to achieve optimal reliability of busways.
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Lanaro, Flavio. "Geometry, Mechanics and Transmissivity of Rock Fractures." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3168.

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Cuadros, Torres David Edgardo, and Vargas Gef Sinder Jiménez. "Estimación de la zona crítica de diseño en naves industriales con diferentes alturas libres que soporten puentes grúas de diferentes capacidades de carga." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656641.

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El presente estudio tiene como finalidad encontrar la zona crítica de diseño en naves industriales que combinen la premisa de diferentes alturas libres con la ubicación de distintas capacidades de carga de un puente grúa. Se propuso un total de nueve modelos simétricos en planta con una disposición de pórticos a dos aguas. El sistema estructural contempla pórticos a momento y pórticos arriostrados. El recorrido del puente grúa de manera longitudinal y transversal determinó entre 10 a 90 ubicaciones donde la carga del puente grúa está concentrada para el análisis. Las cargas contempladas para el análisis y diseño fueron las producidas por carga muerta, carga viva, viento y sismo. Para el diseño de los elementos de las naves industriales se ha considerado la Norma E.090 del Reglamento Nacional de Edificaciones y como complemento se ha utilizado las normas: ASCE y AISC. El diseño de los elementos estructurales se basó en el método LRFD. El resultado de la investigación encontró una zona crítica de diseño en los márgenes izquierdo y derecho de cada modelo. Los valores de ambos márgenes correspondientes a la capacidad de carga del puente grúa son iguales en cada una de sus posiciones simétricas. Se comprobó que en la zona crítica existe una única ubicación que genera los máximos desempeños en los elementos de las naves industriales. Se determinó los ratios de costo de los perfiles de las naves industriales; los cuales, varían entre 51 y 190 dólares por metro cuadrado.
The purpose of this study is to find the critical design area in industrial buildings that combine the premise of different free heights with the location of different load capacities of an overhead crane. A total of nine symmetrical models were proposed in plan with a gabled portico arrangement. The structural system includes frames at the moment and braced frames. The span of the overhead crane longitudinally and transversely determined between 10 to 90 locations where the overhead crane load is concentrated for the analysis. The loads considered for the analysis and design were those produced by dead load, live load, wind and earthquake. For the design of the elements of the industrial buildings, Standard E.090 of the National Building Regulations has been considered and as a complement the following standards have been used: ASCE and AISC. The design of the structural elements was based on the LRFD method. The result of the investigation found a critical design zone on the left and right margins of each model. The values ​​of both margins corresponding to the load capacity of the overhead crane are equal in each of their symmetrical positions. It was found that in the critical zone there is a single location that generates the maximum performances in the elements of the industrial buildings. The cost ratios of the profiles of the industrial buildings were determined; which, vary between 51 and 190 dollars per square meter.
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Albertini, Matteo. "IMMEDIATE AND EARLY LOADING OF THERMO CHEMICALLY TREATED IMPLANTS WITH DEFINITIVE ABUTMENTS AT POSTERIOR AREAS OF MAXILLA AND MANDIBLE." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458737.

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The objective of this PhD project is to investigate the clinical and radiological behaviour of thermo-chemically treated implants comparing immediate and early loading protocols with definitive abutments in a functionally high-demanding clinical situation such as posterior areas of maxilla and mandible. Before starting the clinical trial a literature review on the latest scientific advances in osseointegration and physical-biochemical characteristics of the thermo-chemically treated surface used in the study has been conducted. The results of in-vitro and in-vivo studies on this surface until the present day have also been reviewed. Currently bio-engineering has enabled us to understand the different biological events that characterize osseointegration -namely, protein adsorption, clot formation, granulation tissue formation, provisional matrix formation, interface formation, bone apposition and remodelling. Protein adhesion has proven to play a key role in the earliest stages of osseointegration, where the presence of fibronectin and vitronectin favor osteoblastic cell line proliferation, while proteins such as TGF-α inhibit it. Rough implant surfaces (Sa over 1-2 μm) lead to quicker osseointegration relative to micro-rough surfaces (Sa = 0.5-1 μm) due to the phenomenon of bone neoformation, where bone starts to form from implant surface toward the periphery at greater speed. Implants presenting hydroxyapatite in their surface lead to accelerate osseointegration due to osteoblasts’ affinity to calcium phosphate. However, the surfaces produced up to date have presented long-term problems due to the bonding of this layer to the underlying titanium. Biomimetic behaviour of the investigated surface in this project has been demonstrated by current studies since -out of a chemical reaction of precipitation of plasma ions- is able to produce a crystalline hydroxyapatite layer chemically bonded to the titanium of the implant without osteoblasts taking part. Results from In-vitro assays have demonstrated a surface roughness (Sa) of 1,74μm, high hydrophilia with a contact angle of 77.6 degrees, an increased osteoblastic cellular activity and high mechanical resistance of thermo-chemical treated titanium. Augmented adhesion strength of titanium-bonded hydroxyapatite without detached areas has been observed in in-vivo assays and a BIC (bone-to-implant contact) of 80% at 3-weeks has been registered histologically. Results of the 1-year randomized clinical trial suggest that there are no statistically significant differences in terms of survival, implant stability and radiographic bone loss between implants restored with immediate or early loading protocols. 100% survival rate was registered in both groups. A mean radiographic bone loss of 0.04±0.08mm at the implant and 0.3±0.5mm at the crest in the immediate-loaded group has been observed. In the early-loaded group the means of radiographic bone loss were 0.1±0.2mm at the implant and 0.6±0.8 mm at the crest. 62.5 % of the implants showed bone contact at the abutment after 1 year. Thermo-chemically treated implants may be considered a reliable treatment option for the rehabilitation of the posterior areas of the maxilla or mandible using immediate or early loading protocols with definitive abutments placed at the time of surgery. These results must be confirmed by studies with longer follow-up.
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Staron, Scott David. "A GIS-based method to target subwatershed areas according to agricutural phosphorus loading potential." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1244832873.

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Staron, Scott David. "A GIS-based method to target subwatershed areas according to agricultural phosphorus loading potential /." Connect to resource, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1244832873.

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Anh, Pham Nguyet. "Study on household wastewater characterization and septic tanks' function in urban areas of Vietnam." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/192229.

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Meerkin, Jarrod D. "Musculo-skeletal adaptation and altered loading environments: An amputee model." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36750/1/36750_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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Amputation of the lower limb may result in musculo-skeletal changes similar to those that occur following space flight, immobilisation and prolonged bed rest. The similarities desist when one considers the invasive nature of amputation surgery and the impact that partial loss of a limb has on the loading characteristics of the affected leg. The aim of this study was to determine the musculo-skeletal changes that occur following trans-femoral and trans-tibial amputation, and to compare differences in the musculo-skeletal characteristics of these groups, which may occur as a function of the modified loading environment. Unique to this investigation was the study of a new trans-femoral amputee, which was incorporated to investigate the time course of any changes in muscle and bone atrophy and decreases in muscle strength in the early post-operative period. This study was also designed to provide a comparison with longer-term amputees and examine relationships between muscle morphology and strength and identified changes in gait behaviour by reference to normal gait patterns. Eight unilateral trans-femoral and 8 trans-tibial amputees (mean age 35.2yrs. ± 9.8 and 35.3yrs. ± 8.9 respectively) were subjects in the study. There were 7 males and 1 female in each of the amputee groups. A control group of similar number was used, with subjects matched on age, weight, height and gender. In the first phase of the investigation dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure bone mineral density (B:MD) of the lumbar spine (L2-IA) and femoral neck (FN) and to calculate the volume and cross-sectional area (CSA) of selected muscles. Strength evaluation was assessed by measurement of maximal isometric hip torque using a Kin-Com dynamometer. Gait analyses were undertaken to determine differences in the angular kinematics of the residual and sound limb together with an electromyographic (EMG) assessment of the onset and offset of the activity of 4 hip muscles of the residual and sound thigh, which was synchronised with the kinematic measures. Differences in ground reaction force (GRF) between the residual and sound limb of each group were also examined. A single case study involving a 19-year-old motor accident victim who sustained a traumatic trans-femoral amputation of his right leg was conducted to determine the structural and functional changes over a 9-month period. Structural and functional evaluations were repeated every 3 months, beginning at 4 months post amputation, using similar methodologies and procedures described for the longer-term amputees. In the longer-term amputees the volume and CSA of the residual musculature of the trans-femoral group was significantly lower by comparison with the sound limb and no difference was found between the residual and sound musculature of the trans-tibial group. Mean torque of the residual hip was lower than that of the sound hip of the trans-femoral and trans-tibial group but the difference was not significant. Bone mineral density of the residual FN was significantly lower than that of the sound FN of the trans-femoral group but there was no difference in the trans-tibial group. No differences were found between the two experimental groups and controls at the L2-1A site. Muscle volume was significantly correlated with BMD of the L2- 1A vertebrae in the residual and sound limb of the trans-tibial group. Trans-femoral and trans-tibial amputees had a significantly slower walking velocity than that of the control group. Cadence of the trans-femoral group was significantly lower than both trans-tibial and the control groups. Stride length was not significantly different between the trans-femoral and control group but was significantly lower in the trans-tibial group. Significant differences were found between the trans-femoral and control group in the range of ankle and knee motion of the sound limb and between the sound and residual ankle, knee and hip joints of the trans-femoral and trans-tibial group. Mean GRF was lower in the residual limb compared to the sound limb for both groups, although the differences were not significant. The activity of rectus femoris, biceps femoris and adductor longus in the sound limb of the trans-femoral group were generally active for a longer duration compared to the controls and the duration of activity of these same muscles differed between the residual and sound limb musculature of the trans-tibial group. In the case study subject, BMD in the residual FN was 38.4 per cent lower than the sound FN at 4 months, decreasing to 42.1 per cent at the end of the 9-month evaluation. At this time point bone loss of the case study subject was greater than the average difference between the residual and sound limb of the longer-term amputees suggesting some recovery of bone mass may be possible. Rectus femoris and biceps femoris showed greater atrophy than the intact muscles, psoas major, adductor longus and the gluteals. At 7-months post amputation, hip torque of the residual limb in all planes of movement was lower by comparison with the sound limb. There was considerable intra-group variability in the data, which reflected the heterogeneity of the groups with respect to surgical fixation procedures, types of prosthesis used and their different physical activity levels. It was shown that longerterm trans-femoral amputees experienced considerable muscle and bone atrophy of their residual limb, which was greater than that experienced by the trans-tibial group. Although loading was not measured directly the difference between the two groups of amputees perhaps reflected their altered loading environment. Isometric hip torque was not different between the residual and sound limb of the trans-femoral and trans-tibial group, an unexpected result in the trans-femoral group considering the muscle atrophy present. The morphological changes combined with the prosthetic components were likely responsible for differences in amputee gait function. In the more recent amputee, muscle and bone atrophy was most rapid in the first 4 months but the volume and CSA of rectus femoris and biceps femoris continued to decrease up to 13 months post amputation. Isometric torque of the hip flexors and extensors decreased between 7 and 10 months and stabilised by 13 months post amputation while there was no change in the torque of the hip abductors and adductors from the initial measure. The potential for recovery of BMD, muscle size and muscle strength must be considered and may be applied to the design of more effective prostheses and rehabilitation strategies aimed at improving functional outcomes.
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Books on the topic "Loading area"

1

Ayers, M. A. Runoff and chemical loading in small watersheds in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, Minnesota. St. Paul, Minn: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1985.

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Livingstone, Stephen John. Assessment of the impact on Lake Ontario of groundwater contaminant mass loading from a representative region of the Greater Toronto Area. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1993.

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Pachurin, German. Technology for studying the destruction of structural materials under different loading conditions. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/981296.

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The textbook is devoted to solving topical issues related to the prediction of the effect of plastic deformation on the behavior in various operating conditions of a wide class of metals and alloys. The technology developed by the author for studying the mechanical properties and the process of destruction of plastically treated metal materials under various loading conditions (static at different temperatures, cyclic in air at low, room and elevated temperatures, as well as at room temperature in the presence of a corrosive environment) is described. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. Addressed to bachelors and undergraduates of higher educational institutions of full-time and part-time education in the areas of training 20.03.01 Technosphere safety" (training profile "Safety of technological processes and production"), 22.03.01 and 22.04.01 "Materials Science and Materials Technology", 22.03.02 and 22.04.02 "Metallurgy", 15.03.01 and 15.04.01 "Mechanical Engineering", 15.05.01 "Design of technological machines and complexes", 15.03.02 "Technological machines and equipment", 15.03.04 and 15.04.04 "Automation of technological processes and production", 17.05.02 "Strelkovo-pushechnoe, artillery and rocket weapons", 15.03.05 "Design and technological support of machine-building industries". It can be useful for scientific and engineering workers of enterprises of automotive, aviation, shipbuilding and other metalworking branches of mechanical engineering, laboratory workers, as well as for training specialists in materials science, metal science and metal forming."
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Leib, Kenneth J. Data summary and loading sources for selected water-quality characteristics of streams in blowdown areas, North Fork Elk River Watershed, Colorado, March 1999-August 2000. [Grand Junction, CO: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003.

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Fedorovich, Tat'yana, Natal'ya Kubrak, S. K. Tevs, and A. V. Dmitrenko. Organization and management of a private fleet of freight cars: an economic approach. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1860935.

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The monograph discusses theoretical and practical issues related to the completion of the implementation of the introduction of new forms of ownership in the formation of the railway holding JSC "Russian Railways". The organizational and economic results of the structural reform of railway transport in Russia are analyzed in comparison with the experience of modern reform of foreign railway transport. The variants of transformation of the modern cargo transportation management system in the new economic conditions are proposed. The main results of the study of modern economic and organizational conditions of cargo transportation, taking into account the specifics of working with a private car fleet, are presented. Based on a large-scale analysis of the loading dynamics of the main directions of the Russian Railways network and the resulting unevenness of operational work, new approaches are proposed for the formation of the market of freight operators of rolling stock. An economic assessment of the implementation of scenario options for the introduction of technological outsourcing is given on the example of JSC "Federal Freight Company" with the justification of a methodological approach for the formation of a consolidated fleet of wagons based on the algorithm of the cost method for calculating the throughput during the consolidation of a fleet of freight wagons. For practitioners and researchers involved in cargo transportation management, forecasting and formation of private fleets of freight cars. It will be useful for graduate students, undergraduates and students of economic faculties of railway universities when studying courses in the economics of railway transport and the cost of freight transportation.
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W, Simonds F., Hood Canal Dissolved Oxygen Program (Wash.), and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Estimates of nutrient loading by ground-water discharge into the Lynch Cove Area of Hood Canal, Washington. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2008.

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Accessible loading platform for boaters. Missoula, Mont: USDA Forest Service, Technology & Development Program, 2000.

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Montgomery, Hugh, and Rónan Astin. Normal physiology of the cardiovascular system. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0128.

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Preload modulates contractile performance, and is determined by end-diastolic volume (EDV) and ventricular compliance. Compliance falls with increasing preload, muscle stiffness or ventricular hypertrophy, making central venous pressure (CVP) a poor surrogate for EDV. Responsiveness to fluid loading can be identified by seeking a change in stroke volume (SV) with changes in cardiac loading. Afterload, the force to be overcome before cardiac muscle can shorten to eject blood, rises with transmural pressure and end-diastolic radius, and inversely with wall thickness. Afterload, being the tension across the ventricular wall, is influenced by pleural pressure. Reductions in afterload increase SV for any cardiac work, as do reductions in vascular resistance. Resistance is modified by changes in arteriolar cross-sectional area. A rise in resistance increases blood pressure and microvascular flow velocity. Increased resistance may reduce CO if cardiac work cannot be augmented sufficiently. Flow autoregulationis the ability of vascular beds to maintain constant flow across varied pressures by adjusting local resistance.
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Erik Jaap, Molenaar. 13 Port and Coastal States. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198715481.003.0013.

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This chapter discusses port States, coastal States and their jurisdictions. Seaports give access to the landmass of a State for persons and goods, and are therefore logical points of control for, inter alia, customs, immigration, sanitation and national security purposes. The spatial scope of a seaport includes the outermost permanent harbour works — but not offshore installations and artificial islands — as well as roadsteads that extend beyond the outer limit of the territorial sea, provided they are normally used for the loading, unloading and anchoring of ships. Port State jurisdiction can be defined as relating to activities and standards occurring within, or applicable to: the port; the maritime zones of other coastal States; areas beyond national jurisdiction (i.e. the high seas and the ‘Area’); and the maritime zones of the coastal State in which the port is located. Coastal States are universally understood to be States with a sea-coastline. A coastal State's jurisdiction relates to its own maritime zones, and encompasses the resources and activities therein as well as external impacts on them.
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Britain, Great. The Removal and Disposal of Vehicles (Loading Areas) Regulations 1986 (Statutory Instruments: 1986: 184). Stationery Office Books, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Loading area"

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Agustín-Panadero, Rubén, Arturo Llobell-Cortell, Blanca Serra-Pastor, David Peñarrocha-Oltra, and Miguel Peñarrocha-Diago. "Single- and Partial Multiple-Unit Provisional Restorations in the Esthetic Area." In Atlas of Immediate Dental Implant Loading, 139–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05546-2_9.

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Ruggieri, Nicola, and Raffaele Zinno. "Behaviour of the Borbone Constructive System Under Cyclic Loading: Preliminary Report." In Historical Earthquake-Resistant Timber Frames in the Mediterranean Area, 43–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16187-7_4.

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Bolotin, V. V. "Structural Integrity Under Stochastic Loading in the Area of Small Probabilities." In Nonlinear Stochastic Dynamic Engineering Systems, 269–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83334-2_19.

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Hu, Yating. "Improving the Surface Area and Loading Mass of MnOx Based Electrode Materials." In Springer Theses, 49–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8342-6_4.

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Plückelmann, Sven, Fanbing Song, and Rolf Breitenbücher. "Hybrid Concrete Elements with Splitting Fiber Reinforcement Under Two-Dimensional Partial-Area Loading." In High Tech Concrete: Where Technology and Engineering Meet, 347–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59471-2_42.

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Tanaka, Yasushi, Takumi Shimomura, and Takayuki Yamaguchi. "Loading Test of RC Beam Bridge Built 80 Years Ago in Japanese Coastal Area." In Modelling of Corroding Concrete Structures, 159–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0677-4_11.

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Mahesh and K. K. Singh. "Influence of Varying Fully Constrained Circular Boundary Condition Area on Damage Mechanism of GFRP Laminate Under Low Velocity Impact Loading." In Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering, 1011–21. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9072-3_85.

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Mateescu, G., and V. Gioncu. "Member response to strong pulse seismic loading." In Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas, 55–62. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003211198-9.

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Varma, A. H., J. M. Ricles, R. Sause, and L. W. Lu. "Performance of high strength CFT columns under seismic loading." In Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas, 79–86. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003211198-12.

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Sumner, Emmett A., Timothy W. Mays, and Thomas M. Murray. "‘Heavy’ moment end-plate connections subjected to seismic loading." In Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas, 735–40. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003211198-100.

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Conference papers on the topic "Loading area"

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Punal, Oscar, and James Gross. "Combined subcarrier switch off and power loading for 80 MHz bandwidth WLANs." In Metropolitan Area Networks (LANMAN). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lanman.2011.6076941.

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Andryhiv, Taras, Mychailo Klymash, Vasyl Romanchuk, and Mychailo Oleksin. "Loading Calculation and Modernization of Synchronous Metropolitan Area Networks." In 2006 International Conference - Modern Problems of Radio Engineering, Telecommunications, and Computer Science. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcset.2006.4404589.

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Gotoh, Yusuke, and Tomoki Yoshihisa. "A Scheduling Method for Area-based Broadcasting Considering Loading Time." In MoMM 2015: The 13th International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing and Multimedia. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2837126.2837175.

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Huang, Xingjian, Yiteng Li, and Xiaodong Ren. "Operation Scheme Optimization Model of Heavy-Haul Train Loading Area." In Fifth International Conference on Transportation Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479384.016.

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Hammami, O., and M. A. Yusuf. "Bit loading algorithms: Circuit area, energy consumption and theoretical complexity." In 2009 International Conference on Microelectronics - ICM. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icm.2009.5418613.

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Yuan, Haoyu, Tao Jiang, Hongjie Jia, Fangxing Li, Yateendra Mishra, Houhe Chen, and Guoqing Li. "Real-time wide-area loading margin sensitivity (WALMS) in power systems." In 2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2015.7285880.

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Uddin, M., E. Kurth, F. W. Brust, G. M. Wilkowski, A. A. Betervide, O. Mazzantini, and R. A. Fernandez. "Prediction of Dynamic Break-Opening Area Under Beyond Design Basis Seismic Loading." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45156.

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The thermal-hydraulics computer code, RELAP (Reactor Excursion and Leak Analysis Program) is used to analyze loss of coolant accidents (LOCAs) and system transients in PWRs and BWRs. However, RELAP requires the knowledge of break-opening area versus time history for Double-Ended Guillotine Break (DEGB) of a pipe fracture event as an input to calculate pressure drops at critical locations in the primary pipe loop. Previously authors conducted a detailed dynamic FE analyses to determine the condition for DEGB that provided moment versus rotation of the cracked-pipe and time histories for DEGB under beyond design basis seismic loading. In this paper, crack-opening area was calculated using the moment-rotation-time history obtained from dynamic FE analyses. In the LBB.ENG2 J-estimation scheme for circumferentially cracked pipe, the rotation at the cracked-pipe cross-sectional location (rotation due to the crack) is uniquely related to the total crack length and crack-opening displacement at the center of the crack. However, the relationship is only valid when the moment versus rotation from the FE analyses corresponds to the ductile tearing curve from the LBB.ENG2 ductile fracture analysis. During any unloading (and reloading) parts of the applied seismic history, the rotation can drop down from the upper-envelope for the tearing resistance of the cracked pipe in an elastic unloading manner from the seismic/cyclic unloading. During this part of the seismic time-history, the crack length remains constant but the center-crack-opening displacement decreases, i.e., there is crack closure with a constant crack length which needs to be included in predicting crack-opening area. Based on a number of past cyclic pipe fracture tests with large amounts of ductile tearing, a procedure was developed to predict the crack-opening area that included crack closure during cyclic loading of the seismic event. The resulting opening-area versus time history then becomes the input to the RELAP analysis for determination of emergency core cooling/safety processes.
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Kim, Sungjin, Kweonjae Lee, Jongsuk Yim, Hyunjoong Kim, Sukwhan Kim, Sukho Shin, Woosun Choi, et al. "A study of reticle CD behavior for inter-area pattern loading difference." In SPIE Photomask Technology, edited by Naoya Hayashi and Bryan S. Kasprowicz. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2196988.

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Nygaard, Runar, Saeed Salehi, and Robert Guy Lavoie. "Effect of Dynamic Loading on Wellbore Leakage for the Wabamun Area CO2 Sequestration Project." In Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/146640-ms.

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Brayshaw, W. J., P. James, J. Sharples, and C. Aird. "Crack Opening Areas Under Combined Primary and Secondary Loading." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21476.

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Abstract Leak-before-break is a methodology to assess whether a leak through a defect in a pressurised component can be detected prior to the defect attaining a critical size. Developing leak-before-break arguments in non-stress relieved piping components can be challenging, in part due to the lack of solutions available, including in R6, to predict the crack opening area (required to evaluate leak rate) for combined primary and secondary stresses under elastic-plastic conditions. This is because the nature of the secondary stresses is to relax with plasticity, which can be captured in the calculation of the crack driving force (elastic-plastic stress intensity factor), but methods to account for the additional crack-tip strain this induces and its influence on crack opening are not available. Here primary stresses are those resulting from an applied force, such as pressure, and secondary stresses are those which result from an internal mismatch and do not contribute to plastic collapse, such as thermal or residual stresses. There is, of course, potential for a higher accuracy of crack opening area evaluations from finite element analysis modelling approaches, which include elastic-plastic material properties, in the presence of combined loading scenarios. In this study, a series of finite element analyses have been conducted whereby crack opening area and stress intensity factor have been calculated from circumferential through-wall defects, under the influence of combined primary and secondary stresses, where the magnitude and order of the combined stress has also been varied. The crack opening areas have been compared to current elastic ‘handbook’ solutions, which are conservative for primary stresses, to better understand the effect of plasticity on crack opening area and to help inform assessments when accounting for the inclusion of plasticity with secondary stresses.
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Reports on the topic "Loading area"

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Hargis, Kenneth Marshall. Analysis of Options for Transuranic Waste Loading Capability at Area G. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1364579.

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Highland, J. D. Bioventing Pilot Test Final Report Site ST14, Fuel Loading Area, Carswell AFB, Texas. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada384807.

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Myott, C. F. Fire loading calculations for 300 Area N Reactor Fuel Fabrication and Storage Facility. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10169313.

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P.C. Weaver. Final Report - Independent Verification Survey Report for the Waste Loading Area, Former Hazardous Waste Management Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/959381.

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Skiles, McKenzie, Janice Brahney, and David Gochis. Constraining Physical Understanding of Aerosol Loading, Biogeochemistry, and Snowmelt Hydrology from Hillslope to Watershed Scale in the East River Scientific Focus Area. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1883239.

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Sprankle, Ray. Analysis of Filter System Soot Loading for postulated Fires in the K-Area Complex Container Surveillance and Storage Capability Project (U), WCRC-TR-2007-00216. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1379505.

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Garcia, Kari L. M., and Jeremy Christopher Brunette. Transmittal of Draft Consultation Letter to the New Mexico State Historic Preservation Officer Regarding the Proposed Loading Dock to Conference Room Conversion Building 303 at Technical Area 16. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1485369.

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Gungor, Osman, Imad Al-Qadi, and Navneet Garg. Pavement Data Analytics for Collected Sensor Data. Illinois Center for Transportation, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-034.

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The Federal Aviation Administration instrumented four concrete slabs of a taxiway at the John F. Kennedy International Airport to collect pavement responses under aircraft and environmental loading. The study started with developing preprocessing scripts to organize, structure, and clean the collected data. As a result of the preprocessing step, the data became easier and more intuitive for pavement engineers and researchers to transform and process. After the data were cleaned and organized, they were used to develop two prediction models. The first prediction model employs a Bayesian calibration framework to estimate the unknown material parameters of the concrete pavement. Additionally, the posterior distributions resulting from the calibration process served as a sensitivity analysis by reporting the significance of each parameter for temperature distribution. The second prediction model utilized a machine-learning (ML) algorithm to predict pavement responses under aircraft and environmental loadings. The results demonstrated that ML can predict the responses with high accuracy at a low computational cost. This project highlighted the potential of using ML for future pavement design guidelines as more instrumentation data from future projects are collected to incorporate various material properties and pavement structures.
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Heymsfield, Ernie, and Jeb Tingle. State of the practice in pavement structural design/analysis codes relevant to airfield pavement design. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40542.

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An airfield pavement structure is designed to support aircraft live loads for a specified pavement design life. Computer codes are available to assist the engineer in designing an airfield pavement structure. Pavement structural design is generally a function of five criteria: the pavement structural configuration, materials, the applied loading, ambient conditions, and how pavement failure is defined. The two typical types of pavement structures, rigid and flexible, provide load support in fundamentally different ways and develop different stress distributions at the pavement – base interface. Airfield pavement structural design is unique due to the large concentrated dynamic loads that a pavement structure endures to support aircraft movements. Aircraft live loads that accompany aircraft movements are characterized in terms of the load magnitude, load area (tire-pavement contact surface), aircraft speed, movement frequency, landing gear configuration, and wheel coverage. The typical methods used for pavement structural design can be categorized into three approaches: empirical methods, analytical (closed-form) solutions, and numerical (finite element analysis) approaches. This article examines computational approaches used for airfield pavement structural design to summarize the state-of-the-practice and to identify opportunities for future advancements. United States and non-U.S. airfield pavement structural codes are reviewed in this article considering their computational methodology and intrinsic qualities.
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Dodd, Hope, David Peitz, Gareth Rowell, Janice Hinsey, David Bowles, Lloyd Morrison, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor, and Jefrey Williams. Protocol for Monitoring Fish Communities in Small Streams in the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284726.

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Fish communities are an important component of aquatic systems and are good bioindicators of ecosystem health. Land use changes in the Midwest have caused sedimentation, erosion, and nutrient loading that degrades and fragments habitat and impairs water quality. Because most small wadeable streams in the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) have a relatively small area of their watersheds located within park boundaries, these streams are at risk of degradation due to adjacent land use practices and other anthropogenic disturbances. Shifts in the physical and chemical properties of aquatic systems have a dramatic effect on the biotic community. The federally endangered Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) and other native fishes have declined in population size due to habitat degradation and fragmentation in Midwest streams. By protecting portions of streams on publicly owned lands, national parks may offer refuges for threatened or endangered species and species of conservation concern, as well as other native species. This protocol describes the background, history, justification, methodology, data analysis and data management for long-term fish community monitoring of wadeable streams within nine HTLN parks: Effigy Mounds National Monument (EFMO), George Washington Carver National Monument (GWCA), Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (HEHO), Homestead National Monument of America (HOME), Hot Springs National Park (HOSP), Pea Ridge National Military Park (PERI), Pipestone National Monument (PIPE), Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve (TAPR), and Wilson's Creek national Battlefield (WICR). The objectives of this protocol are to determine the status and long-term trends in fish richness, diversity, abundance, and community composition in small wadeable streams within these nine parks and correlate the long-term community data to overall water quality and habitat condition (DeBacker et al. 2005).
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