Relevant bibliographies by topics / Load sensors

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Load sensors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Load sensors"

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Narumi, Keisuke, Toshio Fukuda, and Fumihito Arai. "Design and Characterization of Load Sensor with AT-Cut QCR for Miniaturization and Resolution Improvement." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 22, no. 3 (June 20, 2010): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2010.p0286.

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The compact load sensor we developed uses an AT-cut quartz crystal resonator whose resonance frequency changes under external load, featuring high sensitivity, high-speed response, and a wide measurement range – plus superior temperature and frequency stability. The vulnerability of previous quartz crystal resonators to stress concentration in bending prevented them from being more widely applied to load measurement. The sensor we developed maintains the quartz crystal resonator safely. Our objective here is to improve load measurement resolution and to miniaturize the sensor, which we did designing novel retention of the quartz crystal resonator fixed vertical to applied load. The new load sensor’s resolution is 3.21 mN –seven times better than conventional load sensors.
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Guo, Jingjing, Tiesuo Geng, Huaizhi Yan, Lize Du, Zhe Zhang, and Changsen Sun. "Implementation of a Load Sensitizing Bridge Spherical Bearing Based on Low-Coherent Fiber-Optic Sensors Combined with Neural Network Algorithms." Sensors 21, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010037.

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Low-coherent fiber-optic sensors combined with neural network algorithms were designed to carry out a load-sensitizing spherical bearing. Four sensing fibers were wound around the outside of the pot support of the spherical bearing uniformly deployed from upper to bottom. The upper three were configured in a distributed way to respond to the applied load as a function of the three strain sensors. The bottom one was employed as a temperature compensation sensor. A loading experiment was implemented to test the performance of the designed system. The results showed that there was a hysteresis in all the three sensors between loading and unloading process. The neural network algorithm is proposed to set up a function of the three sensors, treated as a set of input vectors to establish the input-output relationship between the applied loads and the constructed input vectors, in order to overcome the hysteresis existing in each sensor. An accuracy of 6% for load sensing was approached after temperature compensation.
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Gattringer, Hubert, Andreas Müller, and Philip Hoermandinger. "Design and Calibration of Robot Base Force/Torque Sensors and Their Application to Non-Collocated Admittance Control for Automated Tool Changing." Sensors 21, no. 9 (April 21, 2021): 2895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21092895.

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Robotic manipulators physically interacting with their environment must be able to measure contact forces/torques. The standard approach to this end is attaching force/torque sensors directly at the end-effector (EE). This provides accurate measurements, but at a significant cost. Indirect measurement of the EE-loads by means of torque sensors at the actuated joint of a robot is an alternative, in particular for series-elastic actuators, but requires dedicated robot designs and significantly increases costs. In this paper, two alternative sensor concept for indirect measurement of EE-loads are presented. Both sensors are located at the robot base. The first sensor design involves three load cells on which the robot is mounted. The second concept consists of a steel plate with four spokes, at which it is suspended. At each spoke, strain gauges are attached to measure the local deformation, which is related to the load at the sensor plate (resembling the main principle of a force/torque sensor). Inferring the EE-load from the so determined base wrench necessitates a dynamic model of the robot, which accounts for the static as well as dynamic loads. A prototype implementation of both concepts is reported. Special attention is given to the model-based calibration, which is crucial for these indirect measurement concepts. Experimental results are shown when the novel sensors are employed for a tool changing task, which to some extend resembles the well-known peg-in-the-hole problem.
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Hujer, Jan, Menghuot Phan, Tomáš Kořínek, Petra Dančová, and Miloš Müller. "Photolithographically Home-Made PVDF Sensor for Cavitation Impact Load Measurement." MATEC Web of Conferences 328 (2020): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032801004.

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Piezoelectric PVDF sensors offer a unique option for the measurement of cavitation aggressiveness represented by the magnitude of impacts due to cavitation bubble collapses near walls. The aggressiveness measurement requires specific sensors shape and area, whereas commercial PVDF sensors are fabricated in limited geometry and size ranges. The photolithography method offers a possibility of production of home-made PVDF sensors of arbitrary shape and size. This paper deals with the calibration of a photolithographically home-made PVDF sensor for the cavitation impact load measurement. The calibration of sensors was carried out by the ball drop method. Sensors of different sizes were fabricated by the photolithography method from multi-purpose both side metallized PVDF sheet. The standard technology used for the fabrication of printed circuit boards was utilized. Commercial PVDF sensors of the same size were calibrated and the calibration results were compared with the home-made sensors. The effect of size and the effect of one added protective layer of Kapton tape on a sensor sensitivity were investigated.
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Lee, Woojin, Won-Je Lee, Sang-Bae Lee, and Rodrigo Salgado. "Measurement of pile load transfer using the Fiber Bragg Grating sensor system." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 41, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 1222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t04-059.

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A series of laboratory and field tests were performed to evaluate the applicability of an optical fiber sensor system in the instrumentation of piles. A multiplexed sensor system, constructed by arranging several Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors along a single line of optical fiber, is capable of measuring local axial strains as a function of wavelength shifts. The distributions of axial load in three model piles and a field test pile evaluated from the strains measured by FBG sensors are found to be comparable, in terms of both magnitude and trend, with those obtained from conventional strain gauges. This suggests that the FBG sensor system is an effective tool for the analysis of the axial load transfer in piles. The successful instrumentation of a soil–cement injected precast (SIP) pile using FBG sensors suggests that the use of these sensors in drilled shafts and other types of cast in situ concrete piles is feasible. With the rapid advance of optical fiber sensor technology, the economics of the use of optical fiber sensors in this type of instrumentation is expected to improve significantly in coming years.Key words: pile foundation, load transfer, fiber optic sensor, Fiber Bragg Grating sensor.
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Samuelsson, Oscar, Gustaf Olsson, Erik Lindblom, Anders Björk, and Bengt Carlsson. "Sensor bias impact on efficient aeration control during diurnal load variations." Water Science and Technology 83, no. 6 (January 25, 2021): 1335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.031.

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Abstract This study highlights the need to increase our understanding of the interplay between sensor drift and the performance of the automatic control system. The impact from biased sensors on the automatic control systems is rarely considered when different control strategies are assessed in water resource recovery facilities. Still, the harsh measurement environment with negative effects on sensor data quality is widely acknowledged. Simulations were used to show how sensor bias in an ammonium cascade feedback controller impacts aeration energy efficiency and total nitrogen removal in an activated sludge process. Response surface methodology was used to reduce the required number of simulations, and to consider the combined effect of two simultaneously biased sensors. The effects from flow variations, and negatively biased ammonium (−1 mg/L) and suspended solids sensors (−500 mg/L) reduced the nitrification aeration energy efficiency by between 7 and 25%. Less impact was seen on total nitrogen removal. There were no added non-linear effects from the two simultaneously biased sensors, apart from an interaction between a biased ammonium sensor and dissolved oxygen sensor located in the last aerated zone. Negative effects from sensor bias can partly be limited if the expected bias direction is considered when the controller setpoint-limits are defined.
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Darade, Santosh Ashokrao, and M. Akkalakshmi. "Extensive Literature Survey on Load Balancing in Software-Defined Networking." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 16, no. 2 (July 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbdcn.2020070101.

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The localization of underwater sensors is the most crucial task in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). The sensors, which are situated under the water, sense data from the environment, and sensed data is transmitted to the monitoring station. Although the monitoring station receives the sensed data, the data is meaningless without knowing the exact position of the sensor. Localization is the major issue in UWSN to be resolved. There are several localization algorithms available for terrestrial wireless sensor networks (WSN), but there are comparatively few localization algorithms available for UWSNs. An improved range-based localization method is introduced in this paper to discover localization issue. To evaluate the location of the target sensors, localization error is further to be reduced. The localization error is reduced by applying the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) in this technique. Simulation results demonstrate that performance metrics of the proposed approach outperform the existing work in terms of localization error and localization coverage.
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Zhao, Yi Ding, and Xiao Li Liu. "The Study of Vehicle Load Monitoring System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (January 2014): 384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.384.

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Overloading the impact on traffic safety, measuring the deformation of leaf spring form the start, a vehicle load measuring system was designed based on ultrasonic sensors. In this article, the mathematics model of steel plate deformation and load is discussed upon the mechanics principle and obtain the relationship of load and deformation. Processing the data that the ultrasonic sensors measured by single-chip and using temperature sensor to compensate, it comes to the result of vehicle load.According to the test, the system achieved the purpose of real time measurement of vehicle load, and it is useful.
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Brunetti, Luciano, Luca Oberto, and Emil T. Vremera. "Thermoelectric Sensors as Microcalorimeter Load." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 56, no. 6 (December 2007): 2220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2007.908135.

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Park, Dong Jin, Min Kyu Kang, Jong Hyun Lee, Seok Soon Lee, and Hyo Seok Jung. "LOAD CELL DESIGN USING FIBER BRAGG GRATING SENSORS." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 06 (January 2012): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512003182.

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A load cell is the representative converter that changes load to the quantity of electricity. The load cell is used to a large mechanical structure and offshore structures to measure the force. Currently, the load cell using electrical strain gauges are commonly used. Basic measuring principle of electrical strain gauge is the electrical method. A load cell with electrical strain gauges is not available in the electromagnetic and corrosion environment. A Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor is not affected by the EMI (Electro Magnetic Interference)/EMC (Electro Magnetic Compatibility) and is strong in corrosion under the sea water. In this paper, we use the FBG sensors to make a load cell under the sea water condition and the electromagnetic environment and show FBG sensors' availability.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Load sensors"

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Loday, Sylvie (Sylvie Johanna) 1977. "Electronic architecture and technoogy development of astronaut spaceflight load sensors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83679.

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Estrelinha, Emílio Gerardo. "Tele-operation of a humanoid robot using haptics and load sensors." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/11986.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica<br>O principal objetivo desta tese é criar uma plataforma eficaz e modular para preparar o Projeto Humanoide da Universidade de Aveiro (PHUA) para o ensino tele-cinestésico. Este novo conceito de aprendizagem robótica por demonstração é neste momento a base deste projeto, onde um usuário humano tele-opera o robô em vários movimentos e tarefas de equilíbrio. Os dados recolhidos durante estas demonstrações podem ser usados em algoritmos de aprendizagem de modo a que o robô se possa mover, equilibrar e caminhar sozinho. O robô utilizado neste trabalho é uma plataforma humanoide proprietária com 27 GDL desenvolvida completamente na Universidade de Aveiro. Várias demonstrações são realizadas neste trabalho usando dados sensoriais das células de carga instaladas nos pés do robô e um dispositivo háptico para interface com o utilizador. Quatro células são colocadas em cada um dos pés dando ao robô a capacidade para sentir o chão e estimar o centro de pressão. Uma unidade de aquisição de dados foi desenvolvida para obter os sinais das células de carga. Esta unidade é capaz de ler das células e transmitir essa informação a uma frequência superior a 1000 Hz permitindo um fluxo de informação praticamente contínuo. A informação de força dos pés é então usada para gerar a realimentação de força do dispositivo que é sentida pelo utilizador como o desequilíbrio do robô. A plataforma ROS é usada para controlar os diferentes módulos de software, utilizando o próprio sistema de mensagem para comunicar entre estes, dando a este projeto várias ferramentas para posterior desenvolvimento.<br>The main objective of this thesis is to create an effective and modular platform to prepare the Humanoid Project of the University of Aveiro (PHUA) for tele-kinesthethic teaching. This new concept of robot learning from demonstration is now the base of this project, where a human user tele-operates the robot in various motion and balance tasks. The data gathered during this demonstrations can be used in learning algorithms so the robot can move, balance and walk on it’s own. The robot used in this work is a 27-DOF proprietary humanoid platform developed completely at the University of Aveiro. Several demonstrations are carried out using sensory data from the load cells installed in the robot’s feet and an haptic device for user interface. Four cells are placed in each foot giving the robot the ability to sense the floor and to estimate the center of pressure. A unit for data acquisition was developed to measure the load cells signals. This unit is capable of reading the cells and transmitting that information at a frequency over 1000 Hz allowing for a nearly continuous stream of information. The force information from the feet is then used to generate the force feedback in the haptic device which is felt by the human as the robot’s sense of balance. The ROS platform is used to control the different modules of software using it’s message system to communicate among them, giving this project several tools for further development.
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Amir, Amir R. (Amir Riyadh). "Design and development of advanced load sensors for the International Space Station." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46257.

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Thesis (E.A.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-142).<br>In preparation for the construction of the International Space Station (ISS) a risk mitigation experiment was conducted to quantify the crew-induced disturbances to the microgravity environment on board a spacecraft during a long duration space flight. Achieving a microgravity environment for scientific experiments is one of the primary objectives of the ISS. While numerous measurements have been made to characterize the overall acceleratory environment on the Space Shuttle and on Mir, the contribution of astronaut motion to the disturbances was little understood. During the first phase of the ISS Program, the stay of U.S. astronauts on the Russian Orbital Complex Mir, the Enhanced Dynamic Load Sensors (EDLS) Spaceflight Experiment measured from May 1996 to May 1997 the forces and moments that astronaut exerted on the space station. Using four instrumented crew restraining and mobility devices, a handhold, two foot loops, and a touchpad, 133 hours of data was recorded during nominal crew activities and scientific experiments. The thesis gives a historical overview of the research that has been conducted to quantify the crew spacecraft interaction. A description of the EDLS experiment set-up and timeline as well as the custom-designed experiment hardware and software is provided. Due to an on-orbit failure of the original data acquisition system, a replacement computer was used to continue the experiment. The post-flight efforts to calibrate the replacement hardware, catalog the data files, and the tests to determine the condition of the sensors are presented. A cross-platform EDLS-specific software package was developed to aid in the analysis of the spaceflight data. The requirements, underlying signal processing equations, and the implementation in MATLAB are discussed. A preliminary design of advanced sensors for the ISS is developed in the thesis. While, retaining the proven strain-gage based method of sensing forces and moments, the restraining portion of the sensors was redesigned to aid astronauts better and can be easily exchanged for a different functionality. While having a volume of only 5800 cubic centimeters, the sensor electronics unit (SEU) incorporates most of the features of the original computer eight times its size. The SEU features an advanced embedded computer system and a Java-based operating system. Feedback on the loads applied can be provided in near real-time to the crew to aid the astronauts in maintaining a quiescent environment on the station during critical microgravity experiments.<br>by Amir R. Amir.<br>E.A.A.
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Sole, C. J., Caleb D. Bazyler, Ashley A. Kavanaugh, Satoshi Mizuguchi, and Michael H. Stone. "Relationship between Internal and External Estimates of Training Load Using Wearable Inertial Sensors." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3837.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between an external estimate of training load obtained from a wearable accelerometer device and perceived training load in women’s volleyball. METHODS: Participants of this study were thirteen NCAA Division I women’s volleyball players (Age: 20.3±1.2 y, height: 174.9±7.9cm, body mass: 68.1±12.7 kg). A wearable accelerometer device (Catapult Sports, MiniMaxX S4) was used to estimate external training load during volleyball practice sessions. In addition, following each session a rating of perceived exertion was obtained from each player using a 0-10 scale. Based on previously established methods, ratings of perceived exertion were then multiplied by the duration of practice in minutes to provide an estimate of internal training load. A Pearson product-moment zero order correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between external and internal training load estimates for each individual over eight practices. RESULTS: On average a positive relationship (r = 0.75±0.15) was found between training load estimates. Individual r values ranged from 0.39 to 0.92, with eight of the thirteen achieving statistical significance (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the relationships found between internal and external estimates of training load, both methods may be considered as an option for quantifying on-court training loads in NCAA women’s volleyball. However, the degree to which these estimates relate may vary by individual.
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Lu, Donghang [Verfasser], Rolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Jakoby, and Mario [Akademischer Betreuer] Kupnik. "Dual-load Hybrid Detection of Water Content Using Electromagnetic and Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors / Donghang Lu ; Rolf Jakoby, Mario Kupnik." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1121206972/34.

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González, Andrea Veronica. "Redes de sensores com nodos móveis: investigando efeitos da mobilidade na cobertura de sensoriamento e no balanceamento de carga." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2016. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3295.

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Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-03-23T22:13:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Redes de sensores com nodos móveis.pdf: 6727540 bytes, checksum: 3de001c9a299b0722e7e13bd8cafbb33 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-04-05T19:13:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Redes de sensores com nodos móveis.pdf: 6727540 bytes, checksum: 3de001c9a299b0722e7e13bd8cafbb33 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-05T19:13:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Redes de sensores com nodos móveis.pdf: 6727540 bytes, checksum: 3de001c9a299b0722e7e13bd8cafbb33 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-23<br>Sem bolsa<br>A mobilidade de nodos em redes de sensores sem fio tem sido empregada para resolver problemas de comunicação através de nodos coletores de dados ou estações base móveis, ou ainda para melhorar a cobertura empregando nodos sensores móveis, que se movem para sensoriar áreas descobertas. No entanto, um dos principais desafios em redes de sensores sem fio é o consumo de energia, visto que o tempo de vida da rede depende da carga da bateria de seus nodos. Visando aumentar o tempo de vida das redes orientadas a eventos, estratégias dinâmicas de balanceamento de carga exploram a redundância nas áreas de sensoriamento dos nodos e evitam que mais de um nodo processe um mesmo evento. A mobilidade bem como o balanceamento de carga são importantes adaptações dinâmicas que podem ser empregadas para melhorar a eficiência de redes de sensores, mas o emprego integrado destas duas adaptações precisa ser investigado. Este trabalho avalia os efeitos da mobilidade de nodos sensores tanto na cobertura da rede quanto na eficiência das técnicas de balanceamento de carga empregadas em redes de sensores orientadas a eventos. No contexto deste trabalho, uma estratégia é implementada, a qual move nodos baseada na ação de forças de repulsão, visando espalhar nodos sobre a área de interesse e melhorar a cobertura da rede. O seu impacto na cobertura foi avaliado em diferentes cenários de implantação e em redes com diferentes densidades. Primeiramente, quando nodos são implantados de forma aleatória, e então, a mobilidade permite redistribuí-los e maximizar a cobertura da rede. Em um segundo momento, a estratégia é aplicada quando nodos começam a ser desativados pela descarga de suas baterias, onde a mobilidade pode minimizar o efeito da desativação de um nodo da rede. Além disso, experimentos foram realizados de forma a observar o impacto do emprego desta estratégia de mobilidade no desempenho de duas técnicas de balanceamento de carga consideradas estado-da-arte em redes de sensores sem fio orientadas a eventos. Neste trabalho foi considerado o consumo de energia que o nodo gasta com o sensoriamento, mas o consumo energético gasto com o movimento está fora do escopo.<br>The nodes mobility in wireless sensor networks has been employed to solve communication problems through mobile data mulling or base stations, or yet to improve coverage using mobile sensor nodes, which move to sensing uncovered areas. However, one of the main challenges in wireless sensor networks is the energy consumption, since the network lifetime depends on the node battery charge. In order to increase the lifetime of the event-oriented networks, dynamic load balancing strategies exploit redundancy in the nodes sensing areas and avoid that more than one node process the same event. Mobility as well as the load balancing are important dynamic adaptations that can be employed to improve the ef?ciency of sensor networks, but the integrated use of these two adaptations needs to be investigated. This work evaluates the effects of the sensor nodes mobility both on network coverage and on the ef?ciency of load balancing techniques used in event-oriented sensor networks. In the context of this work, an strategy has implemented, which moves nodes based on the action of repulsion forces, aiming to spread nodes over the area of interest and improve network coverage. Its impact on coverage has assessed in different deployment scenarios and networks with different densities. First, when nodes are deployed at random, then mobility allows them to redistribute and maximize the network coverage. In a second moment, the strategy is applied when nodes begin to be deactivated by the discharge of their batteries, where the mobility can minimize the effect of the deactivation of a node of the network. In addition, experiments have carried out in order to observe the impact of the use of this mobility strategy on the ef?ciency of two load balancing techniques considered state-of-the-art in event-oriented wireless sensor networks. In this work we considered the energy consumption that the node spends with the sensing, but the energy consumption spent with the movement is out of scope.
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Rodriguez, Alexander John, and alex73@bigpond net au. "Experimental Analysis of Disc Thickness Variation Development in Motor Vehicle Brakes." RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070209.123739.

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Over the past decade vehicle judder caused by Disc Thickness Variation (DTV) has become of major concern to automobile manufacturers worldwide. Judder is usually perceived by the driver as minor to severe vibrations transferred through the chassis during braking [1-9]. In this research, DTV is investigated via the use of a Smart Brake Pad (SBP). The SBP is a tool that will enable engineers to better understand the processes which occur in the harsh and confined environment that exists between the brake pad and disc whilst braking. It is also a tool that will enable engineers to better understand the causes of DTV and stick-slip the initiators of low and high frequency vibration in motor vehicle brakes. Furthermore, the technology can equally be used to solve many other still remaining mysteries in automotive, aerospace, rail or anywhere where two surfaces may come in contact. The SBP consists of sensors embedded into an automotive brake pad enabling it to measure pressure between the brake pad and disc whilst braking. The two sensor technologies investigated were Thick Film (TF) and Fibre Optic (FO) technologies. Each type was tested individually using a Material Testing System (MTS) at room and elevated temperatures. The chosen SBP was then successfully tested in simulated driving conditions. A preliminary mathematical model was developed and tested for the TF sensor and a novel Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model for the FO sensor. A new method called the Total Expected Error (TEE) method was also developed to simplify the sensor specification process to ensure consistent comparisons are made between sensors. Most importantly, our achievement will lead to improved comfort levels for the motorist.
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Lu, Kan. "Dynamics Based Damage Detection of Plate-Type Structures." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1133818717.

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Li, Jing. "Inverse Problems in Structural Mechanics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30075.

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This dissertation deals with the solution of three inverse problems in structural mechanics. The first one is load updating for finite element models (FEMs). A least squares fitting is used to identify the load parameters. The basic studies are made for geometrically linear and nonlinear FEMs of beams or frames by using a four-noded curved beam element, which, for a given precision, may significantly solve the ill-posed problem by reducing the overall number of degrees of freedom (DOF) of the system, especially the number of the unknown variables to obtain an overdetermined system. For the basic studies, the unknown applied load within an element is represented by a linear combination of integrated Legendre polynomials, the coefficients of which are the parameters to be extracted using measured displacements or strains. The optimizer L-BFGS-B is used to solve the least squares problem. The second problem is the placement optimization of a distributed sensing fiber optic sensor for a smart bed using Genetic Algorithms (GA), where the sensor performance is maximized. The sensing fiber optic cable is represented by a Non-uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) curve, which changes the placement of a set of infinite number of the infinitesimal sensors to the placement of a set of finite number of the control points. The sensor performance is simplified as the integration of the absolute curvature change of the fiber optic cable with respect to a perturbation due to the body movement of a patient. The smart bed is modeled as an elastic mattress core, which supports a fiber optic sensor cable. The initial and deformed geometries of the bed due to the body weight of the patient are calculated using MSC/NASTRAN for a given body pressure. The deformation of the fiber optic cable can be extracted from the deformation of the mattress. The performance of the fiber optic sensor for any given placement is further calculated for any given perturbation. The third application is stiffened panel optimization, including the size and placement optimization for the blade stiffeners, subject to buckling and stress constraints. The present work uses NURBS for the panel and stiffener representation. The mesh for the panel is generated using DistMesh, a triangulation algorithm in MATLAB. A NASTRAN/MATLAB interface is developed to automatically transfer the data between the analysis and optimization processes respectively. The optimization consists of minimizing the weight of the stiffened panel with design variables being the thickness of the plate and height and width of the stiffener as well as the placement of the stiffeners subjected to buckling and stress constraints under in-plane normal/shear and out-plane pressure loading conditions.<br>Ph. D.
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Chen, Amy. "Oceanographic Instrument Simulator." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1585.

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The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) established the Free Ocean Carbon Enrichment (FOCE) experiment to study the long-term effects of decreased ocean pH levels by developing in-situ platforms [1]. Deep FOCE (dpFOCE) was the first platform, which was deployed in 950 meters of water in Monterey Bay. After the conclusion of dpFOCE, MBARI developed an open source shallow water FOCE (swFOCE) platform located at around 250 meter of water to facilitate worldwide shallow water experiments on FOCE [1][2]. A shallow water platform can be more ubiquitous than a deep-water platform as shallow water instruments are less expensive (as it does not have to be designed to withstand the pressure at deep ocean depths) and more easily deployed (they can be deployed right along the coast). The swFOCE experiment is an open source platform, and MBARI has made the plans available online to anyone interested in studying shallow water carbon enrichment. There is a gateway node what is connected to four sensor nodes within the swFOCE. In order to test the sensor node individually, an idea of designing an Oceanographic Instrument Simulator is purposed. The Oceanographic instrument simulator (OIS), described in this paper provides the means for MBARI engineers to test the swFOCE platform without attaching the numerous and expensive oceanographic instruments. The Oceanographic Instrument Simulator simulates the various scientific instruments that could be deployed in an actual experiment. The Oceanographic Instrument Simulator (OIS) system includes the designed circuit board, Arduino Due and an SD Card shield. The designed circuit board will be connected to a computer through a USB cable, and be connected to MBARI’s swFOCE sensor node through a serial connection. When a query is given from the sensor node, the Arduino Due will parse the data given from the sensor node, search through the pre-installed data in the SD card and return the appropriate data back to the sensor node. A user can also manually set up the input current through a computer terminal window to control the simulated signals from the PCB.
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Books on the topic "Load sensors"

1

Moshasrov, V. Luminescent pressure sensors in aerodynamic experiments. Zhukovsky, Russia : Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI): CWA 22 Corporation, 1998.

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Too loud, too bright, too fast, too tight: What to do if you are sensory defensive in an overstimulating world. New York: Quill, 2003.

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Libra, Anna. Why does loud music hurt my ears?: An inside look at the ear. Sioux Falls, SD: Lake Street Publishers, 2003.

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M, Bahm Catherine, Heinle Robert A, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Program., eds. Determination of stores pointing error due to wing flexibility under flight load. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1995.

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Encyclopedia of Electronic Components Volume 3: Sensors for Location, Presence, Proximity, Orientation, Oscillation, Force, Load, Human Input, Liquid ... Light, Heat, Sound, and Electricity. Maker Media, Inc, 2016.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Analysis and testing of plates with piezoelectric sensors and actuators. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1998.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Analysis and testing of plates with piezoelectric sensors and actuators. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1998.

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Sperlich, Billy, Hans-Christer Holmberg, and Kamiar Aminian, eds. Wearable Sensor Technology for Monitoring Training Load and Health in the Athletic Population. Frontiers Media SA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88963-462-0.

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Heller, Sharon. Too Loud, Too Bright, Too Fast, Too Tight: What to Do If You Are Sensory Defensive in an Overstimulating World. Harper Paperbacks, 2003.

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Heller, Sharon. Too Loud, Too Bright, Too Fast, Too Tight: What to Do If You Are Sensory Defensive in an Overstimulating World. HarperCollins Publishers, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Load sensors"

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Penella-López, María Teresa, and Manuel Gasulla-Forner. "Load and Power Conditioning." In Powering Autonomous Sensors, 9–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1573-8_2.

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Mitchell, R. A., R. L. Seifarth, and C. P. Reeve. "Eccentric Load Sensitivity of Force Sensors." In Mechanical Problems in Measuring Force and Mass, 275–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4414-5_32.

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Mirfakhrai, Tissaphern, Ji Young Oh, Mikhail Kozlov, Shao Li Fang, Mei Zhang, Ray H. Baughman, and John D. Madden. "Carbon Nanotube Yarns as High Load Actuators and Sensors." In Artificial Muscle Actuators using Electroactive Polymers, 65–74. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908158-18-4.65.

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Liu, Bideng, Ali Ozdagli, and Fernando Moreu. "Direct Reference-Free Dynamic Deflection Measurement of Railroad Bridge under Service Load." In Sensors and Instrumentation, Aircraft/Aerospace and Energy Harvesting , Volume 8, 83–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74642-5_10.

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Chou, Chia Pei, and Chung Yue Wang. "Identification of equivalent traffic load on bridge using optical fiber strain sensors." In International Conference on Heavy Vehicles HVParis 2008, 475–84. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118623305.ch38.

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Deepshikha and Siddhartha Chauhan. "Load Adaptive and Priority Based MAC Protocol for Body Sensors and Consumer Electronic (CE) Devices." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 88–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1813-9_9.

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Javadinasab Hormozabad, Sajad, and Mariantonieta Gutierrez Soto. "Optimal Replicator Dynamic Controller via Load Balancing and Neural Dynamics for Semi-Active Vibration Control of Isolated Highway Bridge Structures." In Sensors and Instrumentation, Aircraft/Aerospace, Energy Harvesting & Dynamic Environments Testing, Volume 7, 241–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47713-4_23.

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Simelane, N., M. Ferentinou, and M. Grobler. "Experimental Investigation of Reinforced Slopes’ Response, to Increased Surcharge Load, with the Use of Optic Fibre Sensors." In Information Technology in Geo-Engineering, 662–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32029-4_56.

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Wiegerink, Remco J., Robert A. F. Zwijze, Gijs J. M. Krijnen, and Miko C. Elwenspoek. "High Capacity Silicon Load Cells." In Sensor Technology 2001, 71–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0840-2_13.

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Sharif Khodaei, Zahra, and Stephen Grigg. "Aerospace Requirements." In Structural Health Monitoring Damage Detection Systems for Aerospace, 73–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72192-3_4.

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AbstractThis chapter covers the overview of requirements arising in the aerospace industry for operating a structural health monitoring (SHM) system. The requirements are based on existing standards and guidelines and include both requirements on the physical components of the system (such as sensors, data acquisition systems and connectors) and their functional requirements (such as reliability, confidence measure and probability of detection). Emphasis has been given to on-board and ground-based components because they have different functionality requirements. An important factor in the reliability of the system is the effect of the environment and operational loads on the reliability of the diagnosis and, consequently, prognosis. The recommended guidelines for testing the reliability of the system under varying operational conditions are presented. This chapter is then finalized by reporting on methodologies for optimal sensor number and placement, based on different sensor technologies and different optimization algorithms.
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Conference papers on the topic "Load sensors"

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Cole, Garrett D., Jack Kotovsky, Kevin L. Lin, and Holly E. Petersen. "Microfabricated Optical Compressive Load Sensors." In 2007 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2007.4388432.

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Xiaojing Wang, Dongmei Lei, Jing Yong, Liqiang Zeng, and S. West. "An online load identification algorithm for non-intrusive load monitoring in homes." In 2013 IEEE Eighth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issnip.2013.6529753.

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Glavind, Lars, Stephen Buggy, Ib S. Olesen, Bjarne F. Skipper, John Canning, Kevin Cook, and Martin Kristensen. "Direct Embedding of Fiber-Optical Load Sensors into Wind Turbine Blades." In Optical Sensors. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sensors.2013.sm3c.6.

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Chang, Chia-Chen, and Alan Kersey. "Development of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Based Load Transducers." In Optical Fiber Sensors. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofs.1997.owc8.

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Lorek, Michael C., Fabien Chraim, and Kristofer S. J. Pister. "Plug-through energy monitor for plug load electrical devices." In 2015 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2015.7370666.

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Chanak, Prasenjit, Tuhina Samanta, and Indrajit Banerjee. "Cluster head load distribution scheme for wireless sensor networks." In 2013 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2013.6688564.

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Wen, Chih-Chieh, Yu-Tao Lee, Shih-Rung Yeh, and Weileun Fang. "A Novel Neural Recording Probe with Built-in Load Sensors." In 2007 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2007.4388605.

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Trujillo-Leon, Andres, Cristina Sanchez-Sanchez, Julian Castellanos-Rarnos, and Fernando Vidal-Verdu. "Assistive Handlebar Based on Load Cells as Attendant Steering Device." In 2018 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2018.8589918.

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Barsocchi, Paolo, Erina Ferro, Filippo Palumbo, and Francesco Potorti. "Smart meter led probe for real-time appliance load monitoring." In 2014 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2014.6985287.

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Schenato, Luca, Alessandro Pasuto, Andrea Galtarossa, and Luca Palmieri. "Semi-auxetic optical fibre distributed load sensor." In Asia-Pacific Optical Sensors Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/apos.2016.tu3a.2.

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Reports on the topic "Load sensors"

1

Green, Andre. LUNA Condition Based Monitoring Update: Reducing the number of Sensors for Excess Load and External Leak. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1787265.

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Todd, Michael, Lex Malsawma, C. C. Chang, and Gregg Johnson. The Use of Fiber Bragg Grating Strain Sensors in Laboratory and Field Load Tests: Comparison to Conventional Resistive Strain Gages. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada370789.

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Quinn, Meghan. Geotechnical effects on fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing performance. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41325.

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Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a fiber optic sensing system that is used for vibration monitoring. At a minimum, DAS is composed of a fiber optic cable and an optic analyzer called an interrogator. The oil and gas industry has used DAS for over a decade to monitor infrastructure such as pipelines for leaks, and in recent years changes in DAS performance over time have been observed for DAS arrays that are buried in the ground. This dissertation investigates the effect that soil type, soil temperature, soil moisture, time in-situ, and vehicle loading have on DAS performance for fiber optic cables buried in soil. This was accomplished through a field testing program involving two newly installed DAS arrays. For the first installation, a new portion of DAS array was added to an existing DAS array installed a decade prior. The new portion of the DAS array was installed in four different soil types: native fill, sand, gravel, and an excavatable flowable fill. Soil moisture and temperature sensors were buried adjacent to the fiber optic cable to monitor seasonal environmental changes over time. Periodic impact testing was performed at set locations along the DAS array for over one year. A second, temporary DAS array was installed to test the effect of vehicle loading on DAS performance. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the DAS response was used for all the tests to evaluate the system performance. The results of the impact testing program indicated that the portions of the array in gravel performed more consistently over time. Changes in soil moisture or soil temperature did not appear to affect DAS performance. The results also indicated that time DAS performance does change somewhat over time. Performance variance increased in new portions of array in all material types through time. The SNR in portions of the DAS array in native silty sand material dropped slightly, while the SNR in portions of the array in sand fill and flowable fill material decreased significantly over time. This significant change in performance occurred while testing halted from March 2020 to August 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. These significant changes in performance were observed in the new portion of test bed, while the performance of the prior installation remained consistent. It may be that, after some time in-situ, SNR in a DAS array will reach a steady state. Though it is unfortunate that testing was on pause while changes in DAS performance developed, the observed changes emphasize the potential of DAS to be used for infrastructure change-detection monitoring. In the temporary test bed, increasing vehicle loads were observed to increase DAS performance, although there was considerable variability in the measured SNR. The significant variation in DAS response is likely due to various industrial activities on-site and some disturbance to the array while on-boarding and off-boarding vehicles. The results of this experiment indicated that the presence of load on less than 10% of an array channel length may improve DAS performance. Overall, this dissertation provides guidance that can help inform the civil engineering community with respect to installation design recommendations related to DAS used for infrastructure monitoring.
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CAE Correlation of Sealing Pressure of a Press-in-Place Gasket. SAE Imposter, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0299.

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The Press-in-Place (PIP) gasket is a static face seal with self-retaining feature, which is used for the mating surfaces of engine components to maintain the reliability of the closed system under various operating conditions. Its design allows it to provide enough contact pressure to seal the internal fluid as well as prevent mechanical failures. Insufficient sealing pressure will lead to fluid leakage, consequently resulting in engine failures. A test fixture was designed to simulate the clamp load and internal pressure condition on a gasket bolted joint. A Sensor pad using TEKSCAN equipment was used to capture the overall and local pressure distribution of the PIP gasket under various engine loading conditions. Then, the Sensor pad test results were compared with simulated CAE results from computer models. Through the comparisons, it is found that the gasket sealing pressure of test data and CAE data show good correlation for bolt load condition 500N when compared to internal pressure side load condition of 0.138 MPa &amp; 0.276 MPa. Moreover, the gasket cross-sectional pressure distribution obtained by experimental tests and CAE models correlated very well with R2 ranging from 90 to 99% for all load cases. Both CAE and Sensor pad test results shows increase in sealing pressure when internal side pressure is applied to the gasket seal.
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