Academic literature on the topic 'Load Based Testing Validation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Load Based Testing Validation"
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Ramakrishnan, Raghu, and Arvinder Kaur. "Little’s law based validation framework for load testing." Information and Software Technology 108 (April 2019): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2018.11.007.
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Jeong, In Wha. "DC-Link Capacitor Voltage Balancing Control of a Five-Level Regenerative AC Electronic Load Using One-Cycle Control." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 24, 2021): 6101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196101.
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High voltage electric power equipment requires rigorous regulation testing to specific standards which ensure proper and safe operation in the grid. Manufacturers conduct these tests in order to prove standard compliance and product liability. Variable linear or nonlinear loads are necessary for testing medium voltage (MV) high power AC power converters. Generally, those AC power converters or power supplies require performance validation, burn-in and/or lifetime testing under different load conditions, defined by the end-user or standards for the given applications. For flexible and efficient MV verification testing, this paper presents a five-level multilevel converter-based MV regenerative AC electronic load with one-cycle control (OCC), which is based on five-level diode-clamped multilevel converters with back-to-back structure and can emulate any impedance load. In this paper, especially the dc-link capacitor voltage balance of the proposed multilevel MV regenerative AC load is deeply analyzed. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the dc-link voltage balance performance of the proposed multilevel MV regenerative AC electronic load.
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Bokarev, A. I., V. A. Kulagin, and I. A. Nazarkov. "Development and validation of vehicle wheel load scaling method for formation of durability testing loading cycle." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2061, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2061/1/012028.
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Abstract For a vehicle durability study, performed with simulation or laboratory testing, impact on the object should be described as set of time-domain load signals, which reflects accelerated service modes of a vehicle operation. For a newly developed vehicle these load signals can be based on previously prepared loading cycle of a similar vehicle with use of the load scaling theory. Importance and certainty of the load scaling theory is approved by active use among foreign car makers and engineering centers. However, mathematical description of the theory and scaling procedure are strictly classified, despite of being based on fundamentals of vehicle dynamics. In this paper the method of scaling of time-domain wheel and driveline loads is suggested; the method is based on proportions of size and mass properties of the original and the new vehicles. Assumed that previously recorded loading cycle corresponds to the service life of a vehicle. It is worth noting that level of loading and damage accumulation, shown with scaled loading cycle and after first prototypes testing on a proving ground, will be different because of impact of chassis stiffness and damping properties. Suggested scaling theory is being studied in FSUE “NAMI” and is on the validation and verification stage. First completed experiments showed that a multiaxial test rig could perform the vehicle suspension loading cycle, obtained with the theory, with a satisfactory accuracy. This makes utilization of the theory limited to early stages of vehicle development.
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Callaghan, Jack P., Samuel J. Howarth, and Tyson A. C. Beach. "Validation of occupational estimates of cumulative low-back load." Occupational Ergonomics 10, no. 3 (July 5, 2012): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2012-0196.
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In most genuine industrial settings, it is not yet feasible to directly measure in vivo tissue loads, nor is it practical to estimate dynamic load-time histories using biomechanical models. Thus, data extrapolation techniques are often used for obtaining occupational estimates of shift or daily cumulative low-back load exposures. These techniques are reliant on the assumption that the observed duty cycle of apparently stereotypical work is consistent over long working durations. This investigation evaluated the validity of this assumption using a controlled laboratory-based repetitive lifting task. Nine men performed 30-minutes of sagittal plane repetitive lifting tasks. Upper body kinematics were captured during the tasks, and a two-dimensional dynamic biomechanical model was used to generate peak and cumulative estimates of low-back loads. Over the course of the 30-minute testing sessions, kinematic adaptations at the elbow were responsible for an 8% reduction in duty cycle duration while peak low-back load magnitudes remained consistent. Combining reductions in duty cycle duration with negligible changes in peak loading contributed to a small decrease (⩽ 10%) in cumulative low-back load over the final 20-minutes of lifting. However, when data extrapolation was incorporated to estimate a shift exposure it was found that these changes could overestimate occupational cumulative low-back loading exposures by 10–27% inferences made regarding the risk of low-back pain or injury reporting associated with exposure.
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Dimech, Wayne, Liza Cabuang, Kylie Davies, and Giuseppe Vincini. "Implementation of Novel Quality Assurance Program for Hepatitis C Viral Load Point of Care Testing." Viruses 14, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 1929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14091929.
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All patients should have access to accurate and timely test results. The introduction of point of care testing (PoCT) for infectious diseases has facilitated access to those unable to access traditional laboratory-based medical testing, including those living in remote and regional locations, or individuals who are marginalized or incarcerated individuals. In many countries, laboratory testing for infectious diseases, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV), is performed in a highly regulated environment. However, this is not the case for PoCT, where testing is performed by non-laboratory staff and quality controls are often lacking. An assessment of the provision of laboratory-based quality assurance to PoCT for infectious disease was conducted and the barriers to participation identified. A novel approach to providing quality assurance to PoCT sites, in particular those testing for HCV, was designed and piloted. This novel approach incudes identifying and validating sample types that are inactivated and stable at ambient temperature, creating cost-effective supply chains to facilitate logistics of samples, and the development of a smart phone-enabled portal for data entry and analyses. The creation and validation of this approach to quality assurance of PoCT removes the barriers to participation and acts to improve the quality and accuracy of testing, reduce errors and waste, and improve patient outcomes.
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Ngoc, Tran Thanh, Le Van Dai, and Dang Thi Phuc. "Grid search of multilayer perceptron based on the walk-forward validation methodology." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 1742. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1742-1751.
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Multilayer perceptron neural network is one of the widely used method for load forecasting. There are hyperparameters which can be used to determine the network structure and used to train the multilayer perceptron neural network model. This paper aims to propose a framework for grid search model based on the walk-forward validation methodology. The training process will specify the optimal models which satisfy requirement for minimum of accuracy scores of root mean square error, mean absolute percentage error and mean absolute error. The testing process will evaluate the optimal models along with the other ones. The results indicated that the optimal models have accuracy scores near the minimum values. The US airline passenger and Ho Chi Minh city load demand data were used to verify the accuracy and reliability of the grid search framework.
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Hughes, Jake Edmond, Yeesock Kim, Tahar El-Korchi, and David Cyganski. "Radar-based impact load prediction for damage mitigation of infrastructure." Journal of Vibration and Control 23, no. 12 (September 9, 2015): 1908–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546315603856.
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The application of smart control technology to both aging and new infrastructure is essential to extending service life, increasing life safety, and decreasing repair and replacement costs. One area of control technology research for civil engineering structures that has received little attention historically is that of high-impact loads, such as collision events. The dissipation of impact energy using smart control devices, such as magnetorheological (MR) dampers, leads to less plastic deformation and damage, and a lower likelihood of collapse in civil engineering structures. Due to the short duration and high variability in magnitude of potential impact loads, the issue of sub-optimal controller performance arises. In order to boost controller performance and improve the effectiveness of the control system, a radar-based impact load identifier is proposed. This radar-based impact load identifier will be used to estimate impact loads from imminent impacting objects, for example vessels and trucks, thus providing input information to the control system before the impact actually occurs. This paper presents the characterization and validation, through laboratory tests, of one part of the radar-based impact load identifier, the range and velocity estimation of the incoming moving objects. The range and velocity information are then used to direct structural control based on laboratory impact tests. An ultrawideband monostatic pulsed radar is used for range and velocity measurements of a laboratory-scale impacting vehicle. The range and velocity measurements obtained from the radar scans are verified using physical measurements and control testing. The tests showed great accuracy for both range and velocity with less than 3% error for each measurement and demonstrated structural control based on these measurements. It is shown from control system testing that the proposed approach is effective in reducing the structural impact responses by 11–30%, depending on the performance index, for pre-impact structural stiffening with passive control of MR dampers.
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Sasikala, Dr K., Dr J. Jayakumar, Dr A. Senthil Kumar, Dr Shanty Chacko, and Dr Hephzibah Jose Queen. "Regression Based Predictive Machine Learning Model for Pervasive Data Analysis in Power Systems." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 550–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.100324.
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The main aim of this paper is to highlight the benefits of Machine Learning in the power system applications. The regression-based machine learning model is used in this paper for predicting the power system analysis and Economic analysis results. In this paper, Predictive ML models for two modified IEEE 14-bus and IEEE-30 bus systems, integrated with renewable energy sources and reactive power compensative devices are proposed and developed with features that include an hour of the day, solar irradiation, wind velocity, dynamic grid price, and system load. An hour-wise input database for the model development is generated from monthly average data and hour-wise daily curves with normally distributed standard deviations. A very significant Validation technique (K Fold cross validation technique) is explained. Correlation between Input and output variable using spearman’s correlation analysis using Heat maps. Followed by the Multiple Linear Regression based Training and testing of the Modified IEEE 14 and IEEE30 Bus systems for base load case, 10% and 20% load increment with the 5-fold cross validation is also presented. Comparative analysis is performed to find the best fit ML Model for our research.
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Maffiodo, Daniela, Raffaella Sesana, Stefano Gabetti, and Alessandro Colombo. "Innovative force sensor for indoor climbing holds – real-time measurements and data processing, design and validation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 234, no. 4 (June 18, 2020): 298–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337120927122.
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In this article, a system to measure the evolution of load in time and space during indoor climbing is described. The system is based on a set of dedicated multiaxial load cells, which measure the load on each hold of an indoor climbing wall. When the climber hangs on a hold, the load signal is read and sent to a digital acquisition and processing system. Sensor design allows for measurement of the force components applied to the climbing holds, regardless of the application point of the force on the hold. Local deformations were measured through strain gauges. Based on the electrical configuration of the strain gauges, the values of the applied forces can be computed, making the contributions to the deformation due to bending moments and torsion negligible. The sensor was designed, assuming a maximum applicable load of 200 kg without plastic deformation. The design process was based on both analytical and finite element method analyses. An experimental calibration and testing campaign was performed to validate the sensor design.
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M.K., Chudasama, and Papil M. Gautam. "Testing and Performance Validation of Ordinary Evacuated Tube Based Parabolic Trough Collector for Low Enthalpy Process." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 19335–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.19335ecst.
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In this paper, a parabolic trough collector is designed and fabricated, and its thermal performance is evaluated for hot water generation. Theparabolic trough collector was built with a 90o rim angle with a small concentration ratio of 5.5, and the collector aperture area is1.7 m2.Both side open ordinaryevacuatedglass tube and acrylic sheet were usedas a receiver and reflective surface,respectively.Siemens NX has been used to simulate the maximum wind load of 1000 N. The thermal output of the collector is evaluated for close and open circuits as per ASHRAE 93 1986 (RA 91) standard. The achieved maximum efficiencies
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Load Based Testing Validation"
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Cordova, Lucas Pascual. "Development and Validation of Feedback-Based Testing Tutor Tool to Support Software Testing Pedagogy." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31749.
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Current testing education tools provide coverage deficiency feedback that either mimics industry code coverage tools or enumerates through the associated instructor tests that were absent from the student’s test suite. While useful, these types of feedback mechanisms are akin to revealing the solution and can inadvertently lead a student down a trial-and-error path, rather than using a systematic approach. In addition to an inferior learning experience, a student may become dependent on the presence of this feedback in the future. Considering these drawbacks, there exists an opportunity to develop and investigate alternative feedback mechanisms that promote positive reinforcement of testing concepts. We believe that using an inquiry-based learning approach is a better alternative (to simply providing the answers) where students can construct and reconstruct their knowledge through discovery and guided learning techniques. To facilitate this, we present Testing Tutor, a web-based assignment submission platform to support different levels of testing pedagogy via a customizable feedback engine. This dissertation is based on the experiences of using Testing Tutor at different levels of the curriculum. The results indicate that the groups using conceptual feedback produced higher-quality test suites (achieved higher average code coverage, fewer redundant tests, and higher rates of improvement) than the groups that received traditional code coverage feedback. Furthermore, students also produced higher quality test suites when the conceptual feedback was tailored to task-level for lower division student groups and self-regulating-level for upper division student groups. We plan to perform additional studies with the following objectives: 1) improve the feedback mechanisms; 2) understand the effectiveness of Testing Tutor’s feedback mechanisms at different levels of the curriculum; and 3) understand how Testing Tutor can be used as a tool for instructors to gauge learning and determine whether intervention is necessary to improve students’ learning.
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Granda, Juca María Fernanda. "Testing-Based Conceptual Schema Validation in a Model-Driven Environment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/89091.
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Despite much scepticism and problems for its adoption, the Model-Driven Development (MDD) is being used and improved to provide many inherent benefits for industry. One of its greatest benefits is the ability to handle the complexity of software development by raising the abstraction level. Models are expressed using concepts that are not related to a specific implementation technology (e.g. Unified Modelling Language -UML, Object Constraint Language -OCL, Action Language for Foundational UML -ALF), which means that the models can be easier to specify, maintain and document. As in Model-Driven Engineering (MDE), the primary artefacts are the conceptual models, efforts are focused on their creation, testing and evolution at different levels of abstraction through transformations because if a conceptual schema has defects, these are passed on to the following stages, including coding. Thus, one of the challenges for researchers and developers in Model-Driven Development is being able to identify defects early on, at the conceptual schema level, as this helps reduce development costs and improve software quality.
Over the last decade, little research work has been performed in this area. Some of the causes of this are the high theoretical complexity of testing conceptual schemas and the lack of adequate software support. This research area thus admits new methods and techniques, facing challenges such as generation of test cases using information external to the conceptual schemas (i.e. requirements), the measurement of possible automation, selection and prioritization of test cases, the need for an efficient support tool using standard semantics, the opportune feedback to support the software quality assurance process and facilitate making decisions based on the analysis and interpretation of the results.
The aim of this thesis is to mitigate some of the problems that affect conceptual schema validation by providing a novel testing-based validation framework based on Model-Driven Development. The use of MDD improves abstraction, automation and reuse, which allows us to alleviate the complexity of our validation framework. Furthermore, by leveraging MDD techniques (such as metamodeling, model transformations, and models at runtime), our framework supports four phases of the testing process: test design, test case generation, test case execution and the evaluation of the results.
In order to provide software support for our proposal, we developed the CoSTest ALF-based testing environment. To ensure that CoSTest offers the necessary functionality, we first identified a set of functional requirements. Then, after these requirements were identified, we defined the architecture and testing environment of the validation framework, and finally we implemented the architecture in the Eclipse context. CoSTest has been developed to test several properties on the executable model, such as syntactic correctness (i.e. all the elements in the model conform to the syntax of the language in which it is described), consistency between the structural and behavioural parts (its integrity constraints) and completeness (i.e. all possible changes on the system state can be performed through the execution of the operations defined in the executable model). For defective models, the CoSTest report returns a meaningful feedback that helps locate and repair any defects detected.A pesar del escepticismo y dificultades en su adopción, el Desarrollo Orientado por Modelos (MDD, por sus siglas en inglés) está siendo usado y mejorado para proveer muchos beneficios inherentes a la industria. Uno de sus mayores beneficios es la capacidad de manejar la complejidad del desarrollo de software elevando el nivel de abstracción. Los modelos se expresan utilizando conceptos que no están relacionados con una tecnología de implementación específica (por ejemplo, Lenguaje de Modelado Unificado -UML, Lenguaje de Restricción de Objetos -OCL, Lenguaje de Acción para el Foundational UML - ALF), lo que significa que los modelos pueden ser más fáciles de especificar, mantener y documentar. Debido a que en una Ingeniería dirigida por modelos (MDE), los artefactos primarios son los modelos conceptuales, los esfuerzos se centran en su creación, prueba y evolución a diferentes niveles de abstracción a través de transformaciones, porque si un esquema conceptual tiene defectos, éstos se pasan a las siguientes etapas, incluida la codificación. Por lo tanto, uno de los retos para los investigadores y desarrolladores in MDD es poder identificar los defectos temprano, a nivel de esquemas conceptuales, ya que esto ayudaría a reducir los costos de desarrollo y mejorar la calidad del software. Durante la última década, pocos trabajos de investigación se han realizado en esta área. Algunas de las causas de esta realidad son la alta complejidad teórica de probar esquemas conceptuales y la falta de soporte de software adecuado. Por lo tanto, este área de investigación admite nuevos métodos y técnicas, enfrentando retos como la generación de casos de prueba utilizando información externa a los esquemas conceptuales (es decir, los requisitos), la medición de una posible automatización, selección y priorización de casos de prueba, la necesidad de una herramienta de soporte eficiente que utilice una semántica estándar, la retroalimentación oportuna para apoyar el proceso de aseguramiento de la calidad del software y facilitar la toma de decisiones basadas en el análisis y la interpretación de los resultados. El objetivo de esta tesis es mitigar algunos de los problemas que afectan la validación de los esquemas conceptuales, proporcionando un nuevo marco de validación basado en pruebas que fue construido usando un desarrollo dirigido por modelos. El uso de MDD permite un aumento en la abstracción, automatización y reutilización que nos permite aliviar la complejidad de nuestro marco de validación. Además, al aprovechar las técnicas MDD (como el metamodelado, las transformaciones de modelos y los modelos en tiempo de ejecución), nuestro marco soporta cuatro fases del proceso de prueba: diseño de pruebas, generación de casos de prueba, ejecución de casos de prueba y la evaluación de los resultados. Con el fin de proporcionar soporte de software para nuestra propuesta, hemos desarrollado CoSTest, un entorno de pruebas basado en el lenguaje ALF. Para asegurar que CoSTest ofrece la funcionalidad necesaria, primero identificamos un conjunto de requisitos funcionales. Luego, después de identificar estos requisitos, definimos la arquitectura y el ambiente de pruebas de nuestro marco de validación y, finalmente, implementamos la arquitectura en el contexto de Eclipse. CoSTest ha sido desarrollado para probar varias propiedades sobre el modelo ejecutable como la corrección sintáctica (es decir, todos los elementos del modelo se ajustan a la sintaxis del lenguaje en el que se describe), consistencia entre la parte estructural y el comportamiento (sus restricciones de integridad) y completitud (es decir, todos los cambios posibles en el estado del sistema se pueden realizar a través de la ejecución de las operaciones definidas en el modelo ejecutable). Para los modelos defectuosos, el informe de CoSTest devuelve una retroalimentación significativa que ayuda a localizar y reparar los defectos detec
A pesar de l'escepticisme i les dificultats en la seua adopció, el Desenvolupament Orientat per Models (MDD, segons les sigles en anglès) està sent usat i millorat per tal de proveir molts beneficis potencials inherents a l' indústria. Un dels majors beneficis és la capacitat de manejar la complexitat del desenvolupament del programari elevant el nivell d'abstracció. Els models s'expressen mitjançant conceptes que no estan relacionats amb una tecnologia d'implementació específica (per exemple, el Llenguatge de Modelat Unificat - UML, Llenguatge de Restricció d'Objectes -OCL, Llenguatge d'Acció per al Foundational UML - ALF), el que significa que els models poder ser més fàcils d'especificar, mantindre i documentar. A causa de que en una Enginyeria dirigida per models (MDE), els artefactes primaris són els models conceptuals, els esforços es centren en la seua creació, prova i evolució a diferents nivells d'abstracció mitjançant transformacions, perquè si un esquema conceptual té defectes, aquestos es passen a les següents etapes, inclosa la codificació. Per tant, un del reptes per als investigadors i desenvolupadors en MDD és poder identificar els defectes des del principi, a nivell de esquemes conceptuals, perquè açò ajudaria a reduir els costos de desenvolupament i millora de la qualitat del programari. Durant l'última dècada, pocs treballs d'investigació s'han fet en aquesta àrea. Algunes de les causes d'aquesta realitat són l'alta complexitat teòrica de provar esquemes conceptuals i la falta de suport de programari adequat. Per tant, aquesta àrea d'investigació admet nous mètodes i tècniques, enfrontant reptes com la generació de casos de prova mitjançant informació externa als esquemes conceptuals (es a dir, requisits), la medició de una possible automatització, selecció i priorització de casos de prova, la necessitat de una ferramenta de suport rentable que utilitze una semàntica estàndard, la retroalimentació oportuna per suportar el procés d'assegurament de la qualitat del programari i la facilitat per a prendre decisions basades en l'anàlisi i la interpretació dels resultats. En aquesta tesi intentem mitigar alguns dels problemes que afecten a la validació dels esquemes conceptuals, proporcionant un nou marc de validació basat en proves que va ser construït mitjançant un desenvolupament dirigit per models. L'ús de MDD permet un augment en l'abstracció, automatització i reutilització que ens permet alleujar la complexitat del nostre marc de validació. A més a més, al aprofitar les tècniques MDD (com el metamodelat, les transformacions de models i els models en temps d'execució), el nostre marc suporta quatre fases del procés de prova: disseny, generació i execució de casos de prova, així com l'avaluació de resultats del procés de prova. Amb la finalitat de proporcionar suport de programari per a la nostra proposta, hem desenvolupat un entorn de proves basat en el llenguatge ALF que s'anomena CoSTest. Per tal d'assegurar que CoSTest ofereix la funcionalitat necessària, identifiquem un conjunt de requisits funcionals abans de desenvolupar la ferramenta. Després d'identificar aquestos requisits, definim l'arquitectura i l'ambient de proves del nostre marc de validació, i finalment, implementem l'arquitectura en el context Eclipse. CoSTest ha sigut desenvolupat per provar diverses propietats sobre el model executable com la correcció sintàctica (és a dir, tots els elements del model s'ajusten a la sintaxi del llenguatge en el que es descriu), consistència antre la part estructural i el comportament (les seues restriccions d'integritat) i completitud (és a dir, tots els canvis possibles en l'estat del sistema es poden realitzar mitjançant l'execució de les operacions definides en el model executable). Per als models defectuosos, l'informe de CoSTest retorna una retroalimentació significativa que ajuda a localitzar i reparar els defectes dete
Granda Juca, MF. (2017). Testing-Based Conceptual Schema Validation in a Model-Driven Environment [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/89091
TESIS
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Kara, Ismihan Refika. "Automated Navigation Model Extraction For Web Load Testing." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613992/index.pdf.
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Web pages serve a huge number of internet users in nearly every area. An
adequate testing is needed to address the problems of web domains for more efficient
and accurate services. We present an automated tool to test web applications against
execution errors and the errors occured when many users connect the same server
concurrently. Our tool, called NaMoX, attains the clickables of the web pages, creates a
model exerting depth first search algorithm. NaMoX simulates a number of users, parses
the developed model, and tests the model by branch coverage analysis. We have
performed experiments on five web sites. We have reported the response times when a
click operation is eventuated. We have found 188 errors in total. Quality metrics are
extracted and this is applied to the case studies.
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Likki, Srinivas Reddy. "TESTING AND VALIDATION OF A CORRELATION BASED TRANSITION MODEL USING LOCAL VARIABLES." UKnowledge, 2004. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/319.
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A systematic approach of testing and validating transition models is developed and employed in testing of a recently developed transition model. The testing methodology uses efficient computational tools and a wide range of test cases. The computational tools include a boundary layer code, single zone Navier Stokes solver, and a multi-block Navier Stokes solver which uses MPI and is capable of handling complex geometries and moving grids. Test cases include simple flat plate experiments, cascade experiments, and unsteady wake/blade interaction experiments. The test cases are used to test the predicting capabilities of the transition model under various effects such as free stream turbulence intensity, Reynolds number variations, pressure gradient, flow separation, and unsteady wake/blade interaction. Using the above test cases and computational tools a method is developed to validate transition models. The transition model is first implemented in boundary layer code and tested for simple flat plate cases. Then the transition model is implemented in single zone Navier Stokes solver and tested for hysteresis effects for flat plate cases. Finally the transition model is implemented in multi zone Navier Stokes solver and tested for compressor and turbine cascade cases followed by unsteady wake/blade interaction experiments. Using the method developed a new correlation based transition model (Menter et al. 2004) which uses local variables is tested and validated. The new model predicted good results for high free stream turbulence and high Reynolds number cases. For low free stream turbulence and low Reynolds number cases, the results were satisfactory.
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Gilbert, Andy Michael. "Validation of a laboratory method for accelerated fatigue testing of bridge deck panels with a rolling wheel load." Thesis, Montana State University, 2012. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2012/gilbert/GilbertA0512.pdf.
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The Western Transportation Institute (WTI) was engaged by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) to investigate the performance of various bridge deck rehabilitation surface treatments. This study requires that full-scale reinforced bridge deck slabs be tested in a laboratory environment. The deck slabs are to be tested by applying repeated passes of a rolling wheel load to damage the slabs to certain levels of deterioration. The slabs will be mounted in a frame for testing to impose specific support constraints necessary to generate realistic box girder bridge behavior. The intent of the present study was to design the panel support frame and validate that it provides the required restraint conditions needed for testing as well as to determine if it will be possible to generate the damage required in future deck slabs in a realistic time frame. This validation was accomplished by performing an experimental study in which a sample test slab was loaded to failure in one of the bays of the support frame. The slab was loaded with a stationary hydraulic jack over a contact area resembling that of a standard dual tire footprint. In addition, the finite element modeling software, ANSYS, was used to model the laboratory test to aid in interpreting the experimental results. The results from the laboratory test and the related findings from the finite element model were presented in terms of cracking behavior, deflection histories, strain measurements in the steel reinforcement, ultimate capacity, and mode of failure. The results were used in conjunction with the finite element model to validate the performance of the support frame. It was determined that the support frame provides the restraint conditions needed to create the in-service stress conditions of interest in the bridge deck slabs. A fatigue life model that was developed by past researchers was used to assess the expected performance of the deck specimens under the proposed rolling wheel loads.
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Jayaram, Vinay B. "Experimental Study of Scan Based Transition Fault Testing Techniques." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31146.
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The presence of delay-inducing defects is causing increasing concern in the semiconductor industry today. To test for such delay-inducing defects, scan-based transition fault testing techniques are being implemented. There exist organized techniques to generate test patterns for the transition fault model and the two popular methods being used are Broad-side delay test (Launch-from-capture) and Skewed load delay test (Launch-from-shift). Each method has its own drawbacks and many practical issues are associated with pattern generation and application. Our work focuses on the implementation and comparison of these transition fault testing techniques on multiple industrial ASIC designs. In this thesis, we present results from multiple designs and compare the two techniques with respect to test coverage, pattern volume and pattern generation time. For both methods, we discuss the effects of multiple clock domains, tester hardware considerations, false and multi-cycle paths and the implications of using a low cost tester. We then consider the implications of pattern volume on testing both stuck-at and transition faults and the effects of using transition fault patterns to test stuck-at faults. Finally, we present results from our analysis on switching activity of nets in the design, while executing transition fault patterns.Master of Science
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Zientarski, Lauren Ann. "Wind Tunnel Testing of a Variable Camber Compliant Wing with a Unique Dual Load Cell Test Fixture." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1448893315.
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Bierman, Anandi. "Refinement and validation of a microsatellite based identification and parentage testing panel in horses." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25557.
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The power of microsatellite markers lies in their ability to identify. Whether it is the identification of genes and associating them with known phenotypes or identifying and discerning individuals from one another, the role they play in the genetic field has been immense. Parentage testing of horses today is done via molecular means as opposed to serology. Microsatellite marker panels are decided upon by bodies such as the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) in order to uphold international genotyping standards. The current horse microsatellite marker panel is not fully characterized and many markers are amplified by primers originally designed for linkage studies and were never intended for multiplex PCR analysis. The aim of this study was to refine and validate the current marker panel used for horses through sequencing of the repeat elements and flanking regions as well as the design of new primers for the setup of a marker panel incorporating more microsatellites and better primers. Sequencing of microsatellite flanking regions revealed that much variation lies within the regions flanking a microsatellite repeat element. Sequencing of the repeat element showed that not all markers are simple repeats, as was previously thought. The primers used to amplify microsatellite markers for horses were re-designed in the course of this study, utilizing knowledge gained from flanking region variation and repeat element length. New primers and known allele sizes allowed for the implementation of a nomenclature system in horses based on repeat element length as opposed to alphabet letters. By incorporating more markers into the panel it was hoped that a greater discriminatory power would be achieved. Measures of genetic diversity such as Observed Heterozygosity and Polymorphism Information Content showed negligible differences between the two panels however genotyping data from the old ISAG panel of nine markers showed that the probability of excluding an individual in a parentage test was better when using more markers.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Production Animal Studies
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Fatolitis, Philip. "Initial Validation of Novel Performance-Based Measures: Mental Rotation and Psychomotor Ability." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6223.
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Given the high-risk nature of military flight operations and the significant resources required to train U.S. Naval Aviation personnel, continual improvement is required in the selection process. In addition to general commissioning requirements and aeromedical standards, the U.S. Navy utilizes the Aviation Selection Test Battery (ASTB) to select commissioned aviation students. Although the ASTB has been a good predictor of aviation student performance in training, it was proposed that incremental improvement could be gained with the introduction of novel, computer administered performance-based measures: Block Rotation (BRT) and a Navy-developed Compensatory Tracking task. This work constituted an initial validation of the BRT, an interactive virtual analog of Shepard-Metzler's (1971) Mental Rotation task that was developed with the intention of quantifying mental rotation and psychomotor ability. For Compensatory Tracking, this work sought to determine if data gathered concord with results in extant literature, confirming the validity of the task. Data from the BRT were examined to determine task reliability and to formulate relevant quantitative/predictive performance human models. Results showed that the BRT performance is a valid spatial ability predictor whose output can be modeled, and that Compensatory Tracking task data concord with the psychometric properties of tracking tasks that have been previously presented in the literature.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Psychology
Sciences
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Gunther, Matthew. "Design and Validation of an LED-Based Solar Simulator for Solar Cell and Thermal Testing." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2302.
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An LED-based solar simulator has been designed, constructed, and qualified under ASTM standards for use in the Cal Poly Space Environments Laboratory. The availability of this simulator will enhance the capability of undergraduate students to evaluate solar cell and thermal coating performance, and offers further research opportunities. The requirements of ASTM E927-19 for solar simulators intended for photovoltaic cell testing were used primarily, supplemented by information from ASTM E491-73 for solar simulators intended for spacecraft thermal vacuum testing. Three main criteria were identified as design goals - spectral match ratio, spatial non-uniformity, and temporal instability. An electrical design for an LED-based simulator to satisfy these criteria was developed and implemented, making use of existing lab equipment where possible to minimize cost. The resulting simulator meets the desired spatial non-uniformity and temporal instability requirements of ASTM E927-19, but falls short of the spectral match ratio needed. This is shown to be due to a calibration issue that is easily amended via software. The simulator is overall Class UCB under ASTM E927, and Class CCC under ASTM E491. The simulator was used to conduct the same laboratory procedure for solar cell I-V curve testing as performed by undergraduate students, showing excellent promise as a course enhancement.
Books on the topic "Load Based Testing Validation"
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Weir, Cyril J. Language testing and validation: An evidence-based approach. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
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Engelmann, Bernd. The Basel II Risk Parameters: Estimation, Validation, Stress Testing - with Applications to Loan Risk Management. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.
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Testing ESL pragmatics: Development and validation of a web-based assessment battery. New York: Lang, 2005.
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Dressman, Michael B. The development and validation of a test to evaluate selected wind instrument performance competencies of middle school/junior high school instrumentalists. [Miami: s.n.], 1990.
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Argument-Based Validation in Testing and Assessment. SAGE Publications, Incorporated, 2020.
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Mukherjee, Pulok K. Evidence-Based Validation of Herbal Medicine. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2015.
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Mukherjee, Pulok K. Evidence-Based Validation of Herbal Medicine. Elsevier, 2015.
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Weir, C. Language Testing and Validation: An Evidence-Based Approach. Palgrave Macmillan Limited, 2004.
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J, Weir Professor Cyril, David Hall, and Candlin Professor Christopher N. Language Testing and Validation: An Evidence-Based Approach. Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
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Mukherjee, Pulok K. Evidence-Based Validation of Herbal Medicine: Translational Research on Botanicals. Elsevier, 2022.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Load Based Testing Validation"
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Germann, Thiemo, Daniel M. Martin, Christian Kubik, and Peter Groche. "Mastering Uncertain Operating Conditions in the Development of Complex Machine Elements by Validation Under Dynamic Superimposed Operating Conditions." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 236–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77256-7_19.
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AbstractMachine elements produced in large quantities undergo several development cycles and can be adapted from generation to generation. Thus, experiences from real operation can be taken into account in further development. This is not possible for innovative investment goods such as special purpose machines, as these are usually individual items. Therefore, functionality and quality of newly developed components must be assured by previous investigations.Conventional methods are inadequate at this point, as they cannot represent the actual, complex operating conditions in the later application. A reliable statement about the behavior of the system through a comprehensive validation in laboratory tests under standardized conditions is not achievable in this way due to a multitude of diversified load cases.In previous work, a method was developed to allow testing of machine elements in the laboratory under detuned operating conditions. For this purpose, disturbance variables are applied to the system using paraffin wax phase change actuators in order to simulate real operation states and to analyze the behavior of the machine element under these conditions. The investigated disturbance variables are fluctuations and asymmetries of the operating load through superimposed temperature gradients. Complex interactions between the machine element and the adjacent components or the overall system can thus be taken into account.The functionality of the methodology has been developed and briefly demonstrated so far. This paper presents the next level within the development process of the methodology. The necessary components are explained in detail and an AI black box evaluation tool is discussed. This work is based on a test bench that applies dynamically changing states of detuning under superimposed disturbances. Additionally, energy efficiency and performance of the test setup is advanced. As presented, the method opens up the possibility of validating new machine elements in the laboratory under realistic conditions.
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Weir, Cyril J. "Theory-based Validity in Action." In Language Testing and Validation, 85–118. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230514577_8.
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Alipour, Mohamad, Ali Shariati, Thomas Schumacher, Devin K. Harris, and Charles J. Riley. "Digital Image and Video-Based Measurements." In Load Testing of Bridges, 145–68. Leiden : CRC Press/Balkema, [2019] | Series: Structures and infrastructures series, ISSN 1747-7735 ; volumes 12-13: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429265969-5.
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Sun, Rui. "Testing, Analysis and Performance Validation." In An Integrated Solution Based Irregular Driving Detection, 61–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44926-5_5.
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Frangopol, Dan M., David Y. Yang, Eva O. L. Lantsoght, and Raphaël D. J. M. Steenbergen. "Reliability-Based Analysis and Life-Cycle Management of Load Tests." In Load Testing of Bridges, 265–96. Leiden : CRC Press/Balkema, [2019] | Series: Structures and infrastructures series, ISSN 1747-7735 ; volumes 12-13: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429265969-9.
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Felderer, Michael, Marc-Florian Wendland, and Ina Schieferdecker. "Risk-Based Testing." In Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation. Specialized Techniques and Applications, 274–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45231-8_19.
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Garoche, Pierre-Loïc, Falk Howar, Temesghen Kahsai, and Xavier Thirioux. "Testing-Based Compiler Validation for Synchronous Languages." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 246–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06200-6_19.
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Cilingir, Ulas, Stuart Haigh, Charles Heron, Gopal Madabhushi, Jean-Louis Chazelas, and Sandra Escoffier. "Cross-Facility Validation of Dynamic Centrifuge Testing." In Role of Seismic Testing Facilities in Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering, 83–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1977-4_5.
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Pickin, Simon, C. Sánchez, J. Sánchez, J. C. Yelmo, J. J. Gil, and E. Rodríguez. "An approach to the validation of open object-based distributed applications." In Testing of Communicating Systems, 115–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35062-2_9.
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Meinke, Karl, and Neil Walkinshaw. "Model-Based Testing and Model Inference." In Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation. Technologies for Mastering Change, 440–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34026-0_32.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Load Based Testing Validation"
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Chodora, Evan, Garrison Flynn, Trevor Tippetts, and Cetin Unal. "Improving the Interpretability of Physics-Based Bias in Material Models." In ASME 2020 Verification and Validation Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/vvs2020-8816.
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Abstract In order to accurately predict the performance of materials under dynamic loading conditions, models have been developed that describe the rate-dependent material behavior and irrecoverable plastic deformation that occurs at elevated strains and applied loads. Most of these models have roots in empirical fits to data and, thus, require the addition of specific parameters that reflect the properties and response of specific materials. In this work, we present a systematic approach to the problem of calibrating a Johnson-Cook plasticity model for 304L stainless steel using experimental testing in which the parameters are treated as dependent on the state of the material and uncovered using experimental data. The results obtained indicate that the proposed approach can make the presence of a discrepancy term in calibration unnecessary and, at the same time, improve the prediction accuracy of the model into new input domains and provide improved understanding of model bias compared to calibration with stationary parameter values.
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Michopoulos, John G., Athanasios Iliopoulos, John C. Hermanson, Adrian C. Orifici, and Rodney S. Thomson. "Preliminary Validation of Composite Material Constitutive Characterization." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71082.
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This paper is describing the preliminary results of an effort to validate a methodology developed for composite material constitutive characterization. This methodology involves using massive amounts of data produced from multiaxially tested coupons via a 6-DoF robotic system called NRL66.3 developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. The testing is followed by the employment of energy based design optimization principles to solve the inverse problem that determines the unknown parameters of the constitutive model under consideration. In order to validate identified constitutive models, finite element simulations using these models were exercised for three distinct specimen geometries. The first geometry was that of the characterization coupon under multiaxial loading. The second was that of open hole specimens in tension. The final one was that of stiffened panel substructures under tension. Actual experimental data from testing all these specimens were collected by the use of load cells, full field displacement and strain methods and strain gauges. Finally, the theoretical predictions were compared with the experimental ones in terms of strain field distributions and load-strain responses. The comparisons demonstrated excellent predictability of the determined constitutive responses with the predictions always within the error band of the methods used to collect the experimental data.
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Gaul, Gregory R., Ihor S. Diakunchak, and Alfred M. Dodd. "The W501G Testing and Validation in the Siemens Westinghouse Advanced Turbine Systems Program." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0399.
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The Siemens Westinghouse Advanced Turbine System (ATS) has the ultimate goal of achieving greater than 60% LHV-based net plant thermal efficiency, less than 10 parts per million NOx emissions, a 10% reduction in cost of electricity, and reliability-availability-maintainability (RAM) equivalent to modern advanced power generation systems. The ATS program, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, introduces advanced technologies in three evolutionary steps to minimize risks and to increase the net benefits of the program. The W501G, the first step in the ATS engine introduction, incorporates many ATS technologies such as closed-loop steam cooling, advanced compressor design, and high temperature materials. The lead unit has completed full-load testing at the City of Lakeland McIntosh #5 site in Lakeland, FL and has produced power and revenue for Lakeland Electric since May 2000. Results from the testing are presented and future developments are discussed. Building on the current W501G, advancements will include steam-cooled turbine vanes and leakage enhancements. Continuing this low risk step-wise introduction of new technology, the W501ATS engine adds further advanced designs that achieve the program objectives. Siemens Westinghouse is also infusing ATS technologies into its mature frames in both new units and service upgrades to maximize the benefit of the program.
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Reid, Thomas, James Malloy, Matthew Scoffone, Stephen Reid, and Andreas Fabricius. "The Change in Boiler and Steam Turbine Failure Modes With Minimum Load Operation: Using Modeling to Predict Susceptibility With Validation Through Plant Testing." In ASME 2020 Power Conference collocated with the 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2020-16905.
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Abstract Reducing the minimum load at which a unit can reliably operate is one method to manage changes in market demands and avoid inherent concerns over frequent on and off cycling. For this reason, it is now becoming common practice for plants to develop new lower minimum load levels that are well below conventional targets provided when the unit was first commissioned. For many plants, the criteria for successful operation were not based on optimizing minimum load levels. In fact, most conventional steam plants were commissioned during an era when full base load operation was expected throughout the life of the plant. Base load availability was the key driver not parameters that promoted unit flexibility. As a result, there are opportunities for plants to lower minimum load levels, but it is important for owners to understand the trade-offs and risks that come with such operation. TG Advisers (Turbine - Generator) and Tetra Engineering (Boiler) partnered on an analytical assessment and process simulation for a US site with four vintage boilers and steam turbines, the boilers having been converted from coal to gas-firing some years earlier. The boilers were modeled at different load points using boiler and power plant process simulation software. Key issues analyzed were superheat steam temperature, stability of natural circulation, and maintenance of minimum flow velocities. Secondary factors included cold end condensation and the potential for accumulation of dissolved solids in the circuit. Utilizing the results of Tetra’s boiler model, TGA completed off-design modeling and calculations for the steam turbine and balance of plant equipment. Examples of primary interest was the impact of the predicted steam conditions and superheat, resulting thermal transient cycles, and LP blading concerns influenced by moisture content and back pressure control. Finally, balance of plant equipment was reviewed to ensure acceptable operating points for key equipment such as boiler feed pumps, feedwater heaters, and hood spray systems. Following computer simulations, a plant testing plan was developed, and plant testing was completed. The paper will review analytical predictions and actual plant testing as well as overall lessons learned from the project. Through these analytical and testing efforts the minimum load was reduced from the current practice of 65 MW to 31 MW.
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Shu, Xinggao, Mark Dembosky, Curtis Urban, and Nicholas Wilson. "Rail Wear Simulation and Validation." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36189.
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Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Association of American Railroads (AAR), has developed an iterative rail wear prediction model in the NUCARS® vehicle/track interaction multibody simulation program through internal research and development efforts and with funding from Network Rail (NR) in the UK. The rail wear model was built upon the NUCARS® penetration model1 to take advantage of the wheel/rail (W/R) contact calculation methodology for conformal W/R profiles. In addition to the advantages of NUCARS vehicle and track modeling capabilities, it modifies the rail profile online based on the Wear Indices (Tγ) and penetrated W/R profile shapes in the multipoint contact patches, and automatically updates the rail profile for the next run. The penetrated wheel profile segments or “wheel footprints” are blended into the modified rail profile. The worn rail shape eventually resembles the wheel shapes in the wheel database, and the wear process results in conformal W/R profile shapes. Rail wear prediction was validated using rail wear test results based on 515 million gross tons (MGT) of heavy axle load (39-ton (35-tonne) axle loads) freight traffic accumulated from 2003 to 2007 at the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing (FAST) on the nonground test zone (Section 25, 6-degree (291-meter (m)) curve with 5 inches (127 millimeter (mm)) superelevation). A wheel database, consisting of 50 measured new, mildly worn and heavily worn FAST train wheel profiles, was used to reflect the wheel shape effects during the wear process. This model has been used to predict rail relative wear trends of ground rail profiles for NR.2,3,4 A quantified W/R gap loss function has been implemented in NR’s Track-Ex© program5 for prioritizing rail grinding.
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Richardson, Jordan. "Study of Simplified Assembly Patterns With Load-Based Feedback and Preemptive Elastic Interaction Compensation." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93697.
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Abstract A total of 12 flange assemblies, spanning both class 300 and 600 were instrumented with ultrasonic transducers and observed following differing assembly patterns to gain insight into the BFJ elastic interactions. Each flange assembly was additionally tested to multiple load targets to monitor the overall sensitivity of interaction to load. Analytical work following the data collection led to the development of a simplified installation method and sequencing that dramatically reduces the work effort required to effectively close a joint while being independent of fastener condition or tool selection. The range of validity for the simplified method is further extended with linear multivariate solving techniques and accelerated joint “snugging” to promote joint stiffness. Limits on the acceptable load achievement was set to < 5% error on the average load and < 10% normalized standard deviation to be considered acceptable when targeting Appendix-O calculated loads of ASME PCC-1. Validation of the proposed method was undertaken by the University of Houston at the Bechtel WATC facility with support of Carber Engineering which included full size pressure testing following joint assembly. The observations made from the 60+ full size trials then served to validate FEA work towards the analysis of the remaining sizes of class 300/600 from 4″ to 24″.
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Stewart, Barry, and Sam Kwok Lun Lee. "HPHT Subsea Connector Verification and Validation Using an API 17TR8 Methodology." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31051-ms.
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Abstract Wellhead connectors form a critical part of subsea tree production systems. Their location in the riser load path means that they are subjected to high levels of bending and tension loading in addition to internal pressure and cyclic loading. As more fields continue to be discovered and developed that are defined as High Pressure and/or High Temperature (HPHT) these loading conditions become even more arduous. In order to ensure the integrity of HPHT components, industry requirements for components are setout in API 17TR8. This technical report provides a design verification methodology for HPHT products and some requirements for validation testing. The methodology provides detail on the assessment of static structural and cyclic capacities but less detail on how to assess the functional and serviceability criteria for wellhead connectors. Similarly, API 17TR8 does not include prescriptive validation requirements for wellhead connectors and refers back to historical methods. This paper describes a practical application of the API 17TR8 methodology to the development of a 20k HPHT connector and how it was implemented to verify and validate the connector design through full scale tests to failure. A methodology was developed to meet the requirements of the relevant industry standards and applied to the connector to develop capacity charts for static combined loading. Verification was carried out on three dimensional 180° FEA models to ensure all non axi-symmetric loading is accurately captured. Connector capacities are defined based on API 17TR8 criteria with elastic plastic analysis (i.e. collapse load, local failure and ratcheting), functionality/serviceability criteria defined through a FMECA review and also including API STD 17G criteria including failure modes such as lock/unlock functionality, fracture based failure, mechanical disengagement, leakage and preload exceedance. These capacities are validated through full scale testing based on the requirements of API 17TR7 and API STD 17G with combined loading applied to the Normal, Extreme and Survival capacity curves (as defined by "as-built" FEA using actual material properties). Various test parameters such as strain gauge data, hub separation data, displacements, etc. were recorded and correlated to FEA prediction to prove the validity of the methodology. Further validation was carried out by applying a combined load up to the FEA predicted failure to confirm the design margins of the connector. Post-test review was carried out to review the suitability of the requirements set out in API 17TR8 and API STD 17G for the verification and validation of subsea connectors. The results build on previous test results to validate the effectiveness of the API 17TR8 code for verification and validation of connectors. The results show that real margins between failure of the connector and rated loads are higher than those defined in API 17TR8 and show that the methodology can be conservative.
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Lin, Qingsheng, and Todd Collins. "Mill Steam Inerting System Review and Performance Validation." In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32062.
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NFPA 85, Chapter 9.5.4 states “A pulverizer that is tripped under load shall be inerted and maintained under an inert atmosphere until confirmation that no burning or smoldering fuel exists in the pulverizer or the fuel is removed”. Pulverizer systems with the potential for a resident inventory of combustible material upon trip must be designed and equipped with an inerting system that is capable of maintaining an inert atmosphere to meet this requirement. Proper design of the inerting system and operating procedure, integrated with the mill operation during start-up, shut down and emergency trip is critical for safe mill operation. This paper presents a mill steam inerting system review and performance validation. The technology has been applied to ball tube mill systems at Hoosier Energy’s Merom Generating Station. A testing technique, used to validate performance of the steam inerting system at this generating plant, is described. It quantifies the compliance of the steam inerting system to meet NFPA requirements during start-up and shut down of the pulverizer. This type of operation is considered to be the most difficult for inerting as the primary air is flowing through the system. The developed testing approach can be applied to evaluate the performance of either existing or newly installed steam inerting systems. The validation technology, developed based on a ball tube mill system, can be readily applied on other types of mill systems, since the steam inerting principle is the same and inerting system requirements are similar, regardless of different mill types.
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Chiodo, Mario S. G., and Claudio Ruggieri. "Burst Pressure Predictions of Corroded Pipelines With Long Defects: Failure Criteria and Validation." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77179.
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This study examines the applicability of a stress-based criterion based upon plastic instability analysis to predict the failure pressure of corroded pipelines with axial defects. A central focus is to gain additional insight into effects of defect geometry and material properties on the attainment of a local limit load to support the development of stress-based burst strength criteria. A verification study conducted on burst testing of large-diameter pipe specimens with different defect length shows the effectiveness of a stress-based criterion using local ligament instability in burst pressure predictions, even though the adopted burst criterion exhibits a potential dependence on defect geometry and possibly on material’s strain hardening capacity. Overall, the results presented here suggests that use of stress-based criteria based upon plastic instability analysis of the defect ligament is a valid engineering tool for integrity assessments of pipelines with axial corroded defects.
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Heuer, Tom, Bertold Engels, Achim Klein, and Horst Heger. "Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Thermo-Mechanical Load on Turbine Wheels of Turbochargers." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90526.
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CFD, FEA, and experimental testing have been combined in order to investigate the lifetime limiting design deficiencies of a turbine wheel in a turbo charger. Thermocouples have been applied to the same radial turbine wheel to provide boundary conditions and validation data for the simulations. The tests have been performed on a turbocharger gas-stand. Based on two steady state CHT-calculations for two distinctly different operating points the heating process of the wheel has been simulated in a transient temperature calculation. Since the resulting temperature gradients induce thermal stresses, the temperature distribution serves as a boundary condition for the subsequent structural analysis. To obtain realistic stress distributions, centrifugal forces also need to be accounted for. In this way, the influence of the thermal stress on the overall stress can be evaluated.
Reports on the topic "Load Based Testing Validation"
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Harmon, S. Y., A. J. Gonzalez, and R. Knauf. Knowledge Based Systems (KBS) Verification, Validation, Evaluation, and Testing (VVE&T) Bibliography: Topical Categorization. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada474634.
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Lowry, Svetlana Z., Mala Ramaiah, Sheryl Taylor, Emily S. Patterson, Sandra Spickard Prettyman, Debora Simmons, David Brick, Paul Latkany, and Michael C. Gibbons. Technical Evaluation, Testing, and Validation of the Usability of Electronic Health Records: Empirically Based Use Cases for Validating Safety-Enhanced Usability and Guidelines for Standardization. National Institute of Standards and Technology, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7084-1.
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Lowry, Svetlana Z., Mala Ramaiah, Sheryl Taylor, Emily S. Patterson, Sandra Spickard Prettyman, Debora Simmons, David Brick, Paul Latkany, and Michael C. Gibbons. Technical Evaluation, Testing, and Validation of the Usability of Electronic Health Records: Empirically Based Use Cases for Validating Safety-Enhanced Usability and Guidelines for Standardization. National Institute of Standards and Technology, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7804-1.
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Trim, M., Matthew Murray, and C. Crane. Modernization and structural evaluation of the improved Overhead Cable System. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40025.
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A modernized Overhead Cable System prototype for a 689 ft (210 m) Improved Ribbon Bridge crossing was designed, assembled, and structurally tested. Two independent structural tests were executed, i.e., a component-level compression test of the BSS tower was performed to determine its load capacity and failure mode; and a system-level ‘dry’ test of the improved OCS prototype was conducted to determine the limit state and failure mode of the entire OCS. In the component-level compression test of the BSS tower, the compressive capacity was determined to be 102 kips, and the failure mode was localized buckling in the legs of the tower section. During system-level testing, the prototype performed well up to 40.5 kips of simulated drag load, which corresponds to a uniformly distributed current velocity of 10.7 ft/s. If a more realistic, less conservative parabolic velocity distribution is assumed instead, the drag load for an 11 ft/s current is 21.1 kips. Under this assumption, the improved OCS prototype has a factor of safety of 1.9, based on a 689-ft crossing and 11-ft/s current. The OCS failed when one of the tower guy wires pulled out of the ground, causing the tower to overturn.
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Patel, Reena, David Thompson, Guillermo Riveros, Wayne Hodo, John Peters, and Felipe Acosta. Dimensional analysis of structural response in complex biological structures. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41082.
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The solution to many engineering problems is obtained through the combination of analytical, computational and experimental methods. In many cases, cost or size constraints limit testing of full-scale articles. Similitude allows observations made in the laboratory to be used to extrapolate the behavior to full-scale system by establishing relationships between the results obtained in a scaled experiment and those anticipated for the full-scale prototype. This paper describes the application of the Buckingham Pi theorem to develop a set of non-dimensional parameters that are appropriate for describing the problem of a distributed load applied to the rostrum of the paddlefish. This problem is of interest because previous research has demonstrated that the rostrum is a very efficient structural system. The ultimate goal is to estimate the response of a complex, bio-inspired structure based on the rostrum to blast load. The derived similitude laws are verified through a series of numerical experiments having a maximum error of 3.39%.
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Regan, Jack, and Robin Zevotek. Evaluation of the Thermal Conditions and Smoke Obscuration of Live Fire Training Fuel Packages. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/karu4002.
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Firefighters routinely conduct live fire training in an effort to prepare themselves for the challenges of the fire ground. While conducting realistic live fire training is important, it also carries inherent risks. This is highlighted by several live fire training incidents in which an inappropriate fuel load contributed to the death of participants. NFPA 1403: Standard on Live Fire Training Evolutions was first established in response to a live fire training incident in which several firefighters died. Among the stipulations in NFPA 1403 is that the fuel load shall be composed of wood-based fuels. The challenge of balancing safety with fidelity has led instructors to explore a variety of different methods to create more realistic training conditions. A series of experiments was conducted in order to characterize common training fuels, compare these training fuels to furnishings, and examine the performance of these training fuels in a metal container prop. Heat release rate (HRR) characterization of training fuels indicated that wood-based training fuels had a constant effective heat of combustion. Depending on the method used, this value was between 13.6 and 13.9 MJ/kg. This indicates that, even in engineered wood products, wood is the primary material responsible for combustion. In order to further explore the conclusions from the HRR testing, additional experiments were conducted in an L-shaped metal training prop. The results of these experiments highlighted a number of considerations for firefighter training. Thermal conditions consistent with “realistic fires” could be produced using NFPA 1403 compliant fuels, and in fact the thermal conditions produced by larger wood-based fuel packages were more severe than those produced by fuel packages with a small amount of synthetic fuel. The fuel package used in training evolutions should reflect the training prop or building being used, the available ventilation, and the intended lesson. Fuel load weight and orientation are both important considerations when designing a fuel package. The training considerations drawn from this report will help to increase firefighters’ understanding of fire dynamics, and help instructors better understand fuel packages and the fire dynamics that they produce.
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McKay, S., Nate Richards, and Todd Swannack. Ecological model development : evaluation of system quality. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45380.
Full textAbstract:
Ecological models are used throughout the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to inform decisions related to ecosystem restoration, water operations, environmental impact assessment, environmental mitigation, and other topics. Ecological models are typically developed in phases of conceptualization, quantification, evaluation, application, and communication. Evaluation is a process for assessing the technical quality, reliability, and ecological basis of a model and includes techniques such as calibration, verification, validation, and review. In this technical note (TN), we describe an approach for evaluating system quality, which generally includes the computational integrity, numerical accuracy, and programming of a model or modeling system. Methods are presented for avoiding computational errors during development, detecting errors through model testing, and updating models based on review and use. A formal structure is proposed for model test plans and subsequently demonstrated for a hypothetical habitat suitability model. Overall, this TN provides ecological modeling practitioners with a rapid guide for evaluating system quality.
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Hodul, M., H. P. White, and A. Knudby. A report on water quality monitoring in Quesnel Lake, British Columbia, subsequent to the Mount Polley tailings dam spill, using optical satellite imagery. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330556.
Full textAbstract:
In the early morning on the 4th of August 2014, a tailings dam near Quesnel, BC burst, spilling approximately 25 million m3 of runoff containing heavy metal elements into nearby Quesnel Lake (Byrne et al. 2018). The runoff slurry, which included lead, arsenic, selenium, and vanadium spilled through Hazeltine Creek, scouring its banks and picking up till and forest cover on the way, and ultimately ended up in Quesnel Lake, whose water level rose by 1.5 m as a result. While the introduction of heavy metals into Quesnel Lake was of environmental concern, the additional till and forest cover scoured from the banks of Hazeltine Creek added to the lake has also been of concern to salmon spawning grounds. Immediate repercussions of the spill involved the damage of sensitive environments along the banks and on the lake bed, the closing of the seasonal salmon fishery in the lake, and a change in the microbial composition of the lake bed (Hatam et al. 2019). In addition, there appears to be a seasonal resuspension of the tailings sediment due to thermal cycling of the water and surface winds (Hamilton et al. 2020). While the water quality of Quesnel Lake continues to be monitored for the tailings sediments, primarily by members at the Quesnel River Research Centre, the sample-and-test methods of water quality testing used, while highly accurate, are expensive to undertake, and not spatially exhaustive. The use of remote sensing techniques, though not as accurate as lab testing, allows for the relatively fast creation of expansive water quality maps using sensors mounted on boats, planes, and satellites (Ritchie et al. 2003). The most common method for the remote sensing of surface water quality is through the use of a physics-based semianalytical model which simulates light passing through a water column with a given set of Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs), developed by Lee et al. (1998) and commonly referred to as a Radiative Transfer Model (RTM). The RTM forward-models a wide range of water-leaving spectral signatures based on IOPs determined by a mix of water constituents, including natural materials and pollutants. Remote sensing imagery is then used to invert the model by finding the modelled water spectrum which most closely resembles that seen in the imagery (Brando et al 2009). This project set out to develop an RTM water quality model to monitor the water quality in Quesnel Lake, allowing for the entire surface of the lake to be mapped at once, in an effort to easily determine the timing and extent of resuspension events, as well as potentially investigate greening events reported by locals. The project intended to use a combination of multispectral imagery (Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2), as well as hyperspectral imagery (DESIS), combined with field calibration/validation of the resulting models. The project began in the Autumn before the COVID pandemic, with plans to undertake a comprehensive fieldwork campaign to gather model calibration data in the summer of 2020. Since a province-wide travel shutdown and social distancing procedures made it difficult to carry out water quality surveying in a small boat, an insufficient amount of fieldwork was conducted to suit the needs of the project. Thus, the project has been put on hold, and the primary researcher has moved to a different project. This document stands as a report on all of the work conducted up to April 2021, intended largely as an instructional document for researchers who may wish to continue the work once fieldwork may freely and safely resume. This research was undertaken at the University of Ottawa, with supporting funding provided by the Earth Observations for Cumulative Effects (EO4CE) Program Work Package 10b: Site Monitoring and Remediation, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, through the Natural Resources Canada Research Affiliate Program (RAP).
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Validation of Multispectral Imaging (MSI) technology for food and feed analysis. Food Standards Agency, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.zcr161.
Full textAbstract:
The current testing environment for food and feed samples is complex and uses a wide variety of analytical technologies that range from chemical to PCR-based. Whilst these approaches can be deemed fit for purpose in terms of their final analytical result, they tend to be highly specialised and require considerable frontend processing to ensure that the target analyte can be reliably detected and quantified. These combined sample processing and analytical requirements typically impact on testing times and have associated cost implications that must be factored into routine testing and monitoring applications. MSI uses multiple discrete and informative wavelengths covering regions such as the UV and near infra-red spectrum to quickly determine surface colour, texture and possible chemical composition. Compared to traditional molecular biology approaches utilising DNA extraction followed by PCR-based analyses, MSI can simplify and reduce the time/costs associated with sample analysis. It is rapid and non-destructive.
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BOND-SLIP TESTING AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SEMI-RIGID FLANGE FOLDED WEB SHEAR KEYS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.4.3.
Full textAbstract:
The shear key is crucial to the overall mechanical performance of the structure. A new type of semi-rigid connector-flange folded web shear key was proposed to determine the effective unity of higher bearing capacity and deformation. A total of five groups of specimens were designed, and the push-out test method was used to evaluate the ultimate bearing capacity, bond-slip process, failure mode, and strain distribution of the new shear key. The results show that before sliding, the embedded effect of the concrete and shear key is significant, and it has a significant sliding stiffness. After sliding, the steel plate in the middle of the opening of the outer folded plate buckles, which shows certain semi-rigid characteristics. Compared with equal-area studs, the bearing capacity of the new shear key is increased by more than 40%, and the deformation capacity exceeds 60 %, indicating good bond-slip performance. The constraint range of the shear key is greatly improved compared with the stud, and a trapezoidal area of constraint centered on the shear key is formed, accounting for more than half of the area of the concrete slab. Based on an experimental study, a practical calculation method of ultimate bearing capacity of the shear key is proposed, which can meet engineering safety requirements. Based on the analysis of bond-slip characteristics of different forms of shear keys, compared with the rigid T-shaped shear key, the slip load and ultimate bearing capacity of the new shear key are found to be increased by 39 % and 74 %, respectively, and the deformation capacity is increased more than 10-fold. Compared with the flexible stud shear connectors, the sliding load is increased by 86 %, the ultimate bearing capacity is increased more two-fold, and the stiffness is increased by nearly five times. The device exhibits good comprehensive performance.