Relevant bibliographies by topics / LMWG

Academic literature on the topic 'LMWG'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "LMWG"

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Cuello, Verónica, Gonzalo Zarza, Maria Corradini, and Michael Rogers. "Data Science & Engineering into Food Science: A novel Big Data Platform for Low Molecular Weight Gelators’ Behavioral Analysis." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 20, no. 2 (October 29, 2020): e08. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/16666038.20.e08.

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The objective of this article is to introduce a comprehensiveend-to-end solution aimed at enabling the applicationof state-of-the-art Data Science and Analyticmethodologies to a food science related problem. Theproblem refers to the automation of load, homogenization,complex processing and real-time accessibility tolow molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) data to gaininsights into their assembly behavior, i.e. whether agel can be mixed with an appropriate solvent or not.Most of the work within the field of Colloidal andFood Science in relation to LMWGs have centered onidentifying adequate solvents that can generate stablegels and evaluating how the LMWG characteristics canaffect gelation. As a result, extensive databases havebeen methodically and manually registered, storingresults from different laboratory experiments. Thecomplexity of those databases, and the errors causedby manual data entry, can interfere with the analysisand visualization of relations and patterns, limiting theutility of the experimental work.Due to the above mentioned, we have proposed ascalable and flexible Big Data solution to enable theunification, homogenization and availability of the datathrough the application of tools and methodologies.This approach contributes to optimize data acquisitionduring LMWG research and reduce redundant data processingand analysis, while also enabling researchersto explore a wider range of testing conditions and pushforward the frontier in Food Science research.
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Schlichter, Lisa, Carmen C. Piras, and David K. Smith. "Spatial and temporal diffusion-control of dynamic multi-domain self-assembled gels." Chemical Science 12, no. 11 (2021): 4162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sc06862d.

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The assembly of a pH-sensitive LMWG within a pre-formed network of a second LMWG can be achieved by diffusing acids from pre-cut reservoirs, giving rise to patterned gels in which the rheological properties evolve with spatial and temporal control.
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Wagner, A. C., and J. A. Williams. "Low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins: molecular switches regulating diverse cellular functions." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 266, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): G1—G14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1994.266.1.g1.

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Low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins (LMWG proteins) form a family of proteins that shows homology with Ras, are 18-30 kDa in mass, and bind and hydrolyze GTP. They act as molecular switches, being active when binding GTP. Their activity is regulated by other proteins that influence the dissociation of GDP and the rate of GTP hydrolysis. Roles are emerging for these proteins in regulation of membrane fusion and cytoskeletal organization and growth. In the gastrointestinal tract, the best studied physiological processes that may be regulated by LMWG proteins are digestive enzyme and gastric acid secretion
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Croitoriu, Alexandra, Loredana Elena Nita, Alina Gabriela Rusu, Alina Ghilan, Maria Bercea, and Aurica P. Chiriac. "New Fmoc-Amino Acids/Peptides-Based Supramolecular Gels Obtained through Co-Assembly Process: Preparation and Characterization." Polymers 14, no. 16 (August 17, 2022): 3354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163354.

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One of the methods of obtaining supramolecular gels consists of the possibility of self-assembly of low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs). However, LMWG-based gels are often difficult to handle, easy to destroy and have poor rheological performance. In order to improve the gels’ properties, the LMWGs molecules are co-assembled, which induces more cross-links with more stable structures. Starting from these aspects, the present study refers to the preparation of a bionic hydrogel stabilized with a physiologically occurring, bifunctional biomolecule, L-lysine, co-assembled with other amino acids or peptides (such as a modified amino acid (Fmoc-serine or Fmoc-glutamic acid) or a tripeptide (Fmoc-Gly-Gly-Gly)) with the potential to support the repair of injuries or the age-related impaired structures or functions of living tissues. The introduction of a copartner aims to improve hydrogel characteristics from a morphological, rheological and structural point of view. On the other hand, the process will allow the understanding of the phenomenon of specific self-association and molecular recognition. Various characterization techniques were used to assess the ability to co-assemble: DLS, FT-IR, SEM and fluorescence microscopy, rheology and thermal analysis. Studies have confirmed that the supramolecular structure occurs through the formation of inter- and intramolecular physical bonds that ensure the formation of fibrils organized into 3D networks. The rheological data, namely the G′ > G″ and tan δ approximately 0.1–0.2 gel-like behavior observed for all studied samples, demonstrate and sustain the appearance of the co-assembly processes and the ability of the samples to act as LMWG. From the studied systems, the Fmoc–Lys–Fmoc_ Fmoc–Glu sample presented the best rheological characteristics that are consistent with the observations that resulted from the dichroism, fluorescence and SEM investigations.
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Maity, Arunava, Ananta Dey, Mrinal Kanti Si, Bishwajit Ganguly, and Amitava Das. "Impact of “half-crown/two carbonyl”–Ca2+ metal ion interactions of a low molecular weight gelator (LMWG) on its fiber to nanosphere morphology transformation with a gel-to-sol phase transition." Soft Matter 14, no. 28 (2018): 5821–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm01071d.

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Patterson, Anna K., Lamisse H. El-Qarra, and David K. Smith. "Chirality-directed hydrogel assembly and interactions with enantiomers of an active pharmaceutical ingredient." Chemical Communications 58, no. 24 (2022): 3941–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc06942j.

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Enantiomers of the low-molecular-weight gelator (LMWG) DBS-CONHNH2, based on d- or l- 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidenesorbitol (DBS), form weaker gels when mixed, and encapsulate enantiomers of naproxen with a chiral preference.
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van Bommel, Kjeld J. C., Marc C. A. Stuart, Ben L. Feringa, and Jan van Esch. "Two-stage enzyme mediated drug release from LMWG hydrogels." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 3, no. 16 (2005): 2917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b507157g.

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Sutar, Papri, and Tapas Kumar Maji. "Bimodal self-assembly of an amphiphilic gelator into a hydrogel-nanocatalyst and an organogel with different morphologies and photophysical properties." Chemical Communications 52, no. 89 (2016): 13136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc06971a.

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Solvent-dependent, bimodal self-assembly of a flexible, amphiphilic LMWG results in a charge-transfer hydrogel and an organogel with different nano-morphologies and the hydrogel is used as a nanocatalyst for Knoevenagel condensation reaction.
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Gu, Shangyan, Yu Lu, Yuji Wang, Wensheng Lu, and Wei Wang. "Low Molecular Weight Hydrogel for Wound Healing." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 4 (March 31, 2023): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041119.

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Octadecylazanediyl dipropionic acid (C18ADPA) is a zwitterionic amphiphile with a dendritic headgroup. C18ADPA self-assembles to lamellar networks, which encompasses water and forms a low-molecular-weight hydrogel (LMWG). In this study, we use the C18ADPA hydrogel as a drug carrier for the in vivo delivery of a copper salt for wound healing in a mouse model. A structural transition was observed based on cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) images after drug loading. The C18ADPA hydrogel, which had a layered structure, transformed into a self-assembled fibrillar network (SAFiN). The mechanical strength of the LMWG has always been an important issue in its applications. However, due to the structural transition, both the storage and loss moduli increased. In vivo tests showed that wound closure was faster after applying the hydrogel formulation compared with the Vaseline formulation. For the first time, we have also provided histological evidence of these effects on skin tissue. The hydrogel formulation exhibited clear advantages in regenerating tissue structure over traditional delivery formulations.
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Sahoo, P., D. K. Kumar, S. R. Raghavan, and P. Dastidar. "The crystal engineering approach to design the pheromone releasing LMWG." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 67, a1 (August 22, 2011): C231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767311094220.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "LMWG"

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Reche, Tamayo Manuel. "Using computational methods to rationalize organogel formation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS464.

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Ce travail consiste en une étude théorique de la formation et de la structure d’organogels supramoléculaires. Ces gels sont obtenus par dispersion dans un solvant organique de molécules de bas poids moléculaire (Low Molecular Weight Gelators, LMWGs). Ces molécules LMWG s'auto-assemblent de manière non covalente, par exemple par liaison hydrogène, empilement π, interactions de Van der Waals, etc. et forment finalement des réseaux fibrillaires. Ces réseaux enchevêtrés piègent mécaniquement le liquide, principalement par tension superficielle, générant un gel. La description précise des phénomènes de gélation de solvants organiques reste encore partielle, laissant des questions ouvertes qui empêchent de prédire si un candidat LMWG donné sera capable de gélifier un certain liquide d'intérêt. Si, par la modélisation, des règles de conception pouvaient être établies entre la structure chimique d'un LMWG et ses propriétés de gélification, il serait possible de concevoir des LMWG pour des liquides spécifiques, tout en améliorant la compréhension de la formation des organogels. Pour répondre à ces objectifs, ce travail étudie des familles de LMWG chimiquement différentes, dans le but de corréler leur structure chimique avec leur comportement de gélification. L'approche suivie dans cette thèse consiste à modéliser l'auto-assemblage de différentes séries de LMWG (d’une part des composés bisamide-cyclohexane, d’autre part des composés de thiazole, tous porteurs de chaînes alkyles de différentes longueurs), dans le but de comprendre la formation des fibres de gel et de déterminer leur structure. La plupart des LMWG que nous avons étudiés cristallisent pour former des gels, et pour de tels systèmes cristallins, notre méthodologie de modélisation débute par la prédiction de la structure cristalline des fibres de gel, en combinant la génération de cellules cristallines et des si-mulations des diagrammes de diffraction des rayons X sur poudres. Ensuite, nous déterminons la morphologie des cristaux en utilisant les principes de cinétique de croissance. Enfin, nous caractérisons la capacité de gélification des fibres cristallines en utilisant des paramètres d'énergie de surface. Il est important de souligner que nos activités de modélisation ont été menées en interaction très étroite avec les efforts expérimentaux correspondants entrepris dans les groupes du Prof. Laurent Bouteiller (Sorbonne Université) et du Prof. Pierre-Antoine Albouy (Université Paris-Sud). Leurs résultats d'expériences de gélification, de diffraction des rayons X sur poudres et de caractérisation SEM ont été comparés à nos données de modélisation
This work deals with supramolecular organogels. These gels are obtained by dispersing in the organic solvent low molecular weight molecules (Low Molecular Weight Gelators, LMWGs), which are not soluble at room temperature and form a suspension. This suspension is heated, achieving solution, and cooled down back to room temperature where LMWG molecules self-assemble in non-covalently bonded Self-Assembled Fibrillar Networks (SAFiNs), e.g., by hydrogen-bonding, π-stacking, Van der Waals interactions, etc. This entangled network traps mechanically the liquid, principally by surface tension, trigger-ing a gel state. A precise description of the phenomena remains partially unknown, leaving open questions that still impede to predict beforehand whether a given LMWG candidate will be able to gelate a certain liquid of interest. If design rules could be established between the chemical structure of a LMWG and its gelation properties, it could be possible to design LMWGs for specific liquids of interest while providing insight about organogel formation. Thus, this work investigates sets of chemically diverse LMWG families, with the aim of correlating their chemical structure with their corresponding gelation behavior. The approach followed in this thesis consists in modelling the self-assembly of different series of LMWGs, bisamide-cyclohexane compounds and thiazole compounds with alkyl chains of different lengths, with the aim of understanding the formation of the gel fibers and determining their structure. Most of the LMWGs that we have studied crystallize to form gels, and for such crystalline systems, our methodology starts with a Crystal Structure Prediction (CSP) of the gel fibers, combining crystal cell generation and powder X-ray diffraction simulations. Then, we determine their crystal morphology using growth kinetics principles, to finally characterize the gelation ability of the gel fibers using surface energy parameters. Our modelling activities have been carried out in very close interaction with corresponding experimental efforts undertaken in the groups of Prof. Laurent Bouteiller (Sorbonne Université) and Prof. Pierre-Antoine Albouy (Université Paris-Sud). Their results of gelation experiments, powder X-ray diffraction and SEM characterization were compared with our modelling data
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Durand, Jean-Pierre. "Contribution a l'etude du groupe des proteines nucleaires de faible mobilite electrophoretique (lmg)." Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT2010.

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Durand, Jean-Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude du groupe des protéines nucléaires de faible mobilité électrophorétique, LMG." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613355d.

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Lipowski, Brian M. "Phase Behavior of 12-Hydroxystearic Acid Gels." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1417628844.

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Javed, Waqas. "Etude des états conformationnels d'un transporteur ABC bactérien de drogues multiples, BmrA Functionality of membrane proteins overexpressed and purified from E. coli is highly dependent upon the strain Assemblies of lauryl maltose neopentyl glycol (LMNG) and LMNG-solubilized membrane proteins." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2020GRALV046.pdf.

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La résistance aux antibiotiques est une réalité à laquelle nous devons faire face. La résistance bactérienne aux antibiotiques peut être conférée par plusieurs mécanismes, dont la surexpression de pompes à efflux, certaines appartenant à la superfamille des transporteurs ABC (“ATP-binding cassette”). Les transporteurs ABC sont des protéines omniprésentes qui utilisent l'hydrolyse de l'ATP pour pomper une large gamme de substrats. Ils sont également responsables du développement des phénotypes de résistance à de multiple drogues dans les cellules cancéreuses et les microorganismes pathogènes.L'exportateur bactérien ABC BmrA (“Bacillus multidrug resistance ATP”), est homologue à ABCB1, un transporteur humain impliqué dans les phénotypes de résistance dans les cellules cancéreuses. Avec une connaissance approfondie de sa surexpression et de sa purification, BmrA est un archétype utile pour obtenir des informations sur le fonctionnement des transporteurs ABC de multiples drogues. Notre objectif est de déchiffrer les changements conformationnels associés au transport des médicaments.Nous avons montré que BmrA existe dans au moins deux conformations différentes, dans des micelles de détergent ou reconstitué dans des nanodisques. En l'absence de ligand (forme apo), différentes partie de BmrA fixe rapidement du deutérium comme le montre l'échange hydrogène deutérium couplé à la spectrométrie de masse (HDX-MS). La forme piégée par l'ADP induite par le vanadate montre une grande protection globale contre l'incorporation de deutérium. De plus, il a été observé que BmrA dans les nanodisques présente un profil de deutération différent en présence de médicament, indicatif d'une nouvelle conformation intermédiaire. De plus, en utilisant deux mutants affectés dans différentes étapes du cycle catalytique, il a été montré comment BmrA change de conformations au cours du cycle d'export des médicaments. Les résultats obtenus à partir de la diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles (SANS), brossent un tableau similaire et renforcent les résultats obtenus sur le cycle catalytique de BmrA.Ces résultats conduisent à une meilleure compréhension des changements de conformation de BmrA qui s’opèrent pour permettre le phénotype de résistance aux médicaments
Antibiotic resistance is not the story of the future but a reality today. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics can be conferred by several mechanisms, including the overexpression of dedicated efflux pumps, some of them belonging to the ABC (“ATP-binding cassette”) transporters superfamily. ABC transporters are ubiquitous proteins that use ATP hydrolysis to pump a wide range of substrates. They are also responsible for the development of MDR (“MultiDrug Resistance”) phenotypes in cancer cells and pathogenic microorganisms.The bacterial ABC exporter BmrA (“Bacillus multidrug resistance ATP”), is structurally and functionally close to ABCB1, a human transporter involved in MDR phenotypes in cancer cells. Together with extensive knowledge in its overexpression and purification, BmrA is a useful archetypical transporter to gain information on the functioning of multidrug ABC transporters. Our goal is to decipher the conformational changes associated with drug transport.We showed that BmrA exists in at least two different conformations, in detergent micelles or when reconstituted in nanodiscs. In the absence of ligand (apo form), BmrA gets quickly exchanged with deuterium as shown by Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (HDX-MS). The vanadate-induced ADP trapped form shows a large overall protection against deuterium incorporation. Moreover, it was observed that BmrA in nanodiscs shows a different deuteration profile in the presence of drug, indicative of a new intermediate conformation. In addition, using two different catalytic mutants of BmrA, that are trapped in two opposite conformations of the catalytic cycle, it was shown how BmrA changes conformations during the drug export cycle. The results obtained from Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), on WT BmrA and the mutants, paint a similar picture and strengthen the results obtained on the catalytic cycle of BmrA.These results could potentially lead to a better understanding of the structural basis of MDR
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Näsström, Birgit. "Lipoprotein lipase in hemodialysis patients and healthy controls : effects of heparin." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Medicin, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-340.

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Mortality from cardiovascular disease in patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD) is 10 to 20 times greater than in the general population. One major risk factor is renal dyslipidemia, characterised by an impaired catabolism of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins with accumulation of atherogenic remnant particles. A contributing factor may be derangement of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) system, the major lipase in the catabolism of TG-rich lipoproteins. The functional pool of LPL is located at vascular surfaces, and is released by heparin into the circulating blood and extracted and degraded by the liver. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is commonly used during dialysis to avoid clotting in the extracorporeal devices, but is increasingly replaced by various low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) preparations. Plasma LPL activity is usually lower after injection of LMWH which is therefore said to release less LPL and cause less disturbance of lipoprotein metabolism than UFH. However, animal studies have revealed that LMWH is as efficient as UFH in releasing LPL but is less efficient in retarding hepatic uptake. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of UFH and a LMWH (dalteparin) on LPL activity and TG concentrations in HD-patients compared with healthy controls, matched for age and gender. A disturbed LPL system might contribute to an impaired lipoprotein metabolism, and hence, an aggravated cardiovascular condition. An 8-hour primed infusion of UFH to controls gave rise to an initial peak of LPL activity within 30 minutes. The activity then dropped by almost 80% over the next two hours and levelled off to a plateau that corresponded to 15% of the peak level. When UFH was infused to HD-patients the curve for LPL activity resembled that for controls, but was reduced by 50% during the peak, while the plateau activities were comparable. The interpretation was that the functional pool, represented by the initial peak, was impaired in HD-patients, while the production of lipase molecules, reflected by the plateau, was only marginally reduced. During the peak of LPL activity TG decreased in both groups, but less in HD-patients, as was expected from the lower circulating lipase activity. During the plateau phase with low lipase activity, TG increased towards and beyond baseline values. When dalteparin was infused, the same pattern of plasma LPL activity was observed, although remarkably reduced. In controls the peak was only 30% and the subsequent plateau 40% compared with the activities during the UFH infusion. A bolus of UFH given when the LPL activity had levelled off to a plateau brought out about the same amount of activity, regardless of whether dalteparin or UFH had been infused. The conclusion was that both heparin preparations had reduced endothelial LPL to a similar extent, but that dalteparin less efficiently retarded the hepatic uptake of the enzyme. As a consequence to this, TG tended to reach higher levels after the dalteparin infusion. The LPL activities were further reduced in HD-patients during infusion with dalteparin, the peak was only 27% and the plateau 35% compared with the activities when UFH was infused. There was no decrease in TG, but rather a continuous increase, suggesting a profound depletion of functional LPL. In another study in HD-patients, two anticoagulation regimes based on present clinical practice were compared, and the doses were adjusted to the respective manufacturers recommendation. UFH was administered as a primed infusion, whereas dalteparin was given only as a single bolus pre-dialysis, not followed by an infusion. The results were in line with those in the experimental studies and indicate that also in the clinical setting LMWH interferes with the LPL system as least as much as an infusion of UFH does, and temporarily impairs lipolysis of TG. This interference might, in consequence, contribute to an aggravated cardiovascular condition in HD-patients.
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LORI, GIULIA. "A novel view on LMW-PTP involvement in tumorigenesis: from apoptosis resistance to metabolic reprogramming." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1007190.

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Protein tyrosine phosphorylation in eukaryotes is a key mechanism for cellular control, since it is involved in several processes, such as cellular metabolism, proliferation, differentiation and oncogenic transformation. A fine balancing of cellular protein tyrosine phosphorylation levels is determined by regulating the activities of protein-tyrosine kinases and/or protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) (Alonso et al., 2004). The PTP superfamily comprises almost 70 enzymes that, despite very limited sequence similarity, share a common CX5R active-site motif and an identical catalytic mechanism. LMW-PTPs are a group of cytosolic enzymes of 18 kDa that are widely expressed in different tissues. They are represented by two most abundant isoforms (arised from mutually exclusive alternative splicing), named fast and slow, according to their electrophoretic mobility (Tabernero et al., 2008; Wo et al., 1992; Dissing et al., 1991; Xing et al., 2007). LMW-PTP interacts with several receptor tyrosine kinases and docking proteins that may be involved in cancer progression, but the identification of functionally relevant interactors is not yet conclusive. Several works have shown how LMW-PTP overexpression is associated with human tumorigenesis, especially in breast, colon and kidney. In fact, results obtained with a wide array of human carcinomas indicate a significant increase in the expression of LMW-PTP in tumor tissue and a correlation between higher expression of LMW-PTP on one hand and worse prognosis and reduced survival on the other (Malentacchi et al., 2005). LMW-PTP acts also as a positive regulator of tumor onset and growth in in vivo animal models. (Chiarugi et al., 2004). Moreover there are many findings that LMW-PTP plays a key role in chemoresistance: Ferreira et al., demonstrated how the phosphatase overexpression induce resistance towards vincristine and imatinib, in a leukemia cell lines (Ferreira et al., 2012). Our studies were conducted on a Melanoma cell line, A375, to study in depth the role of LMW-PTP in skin tumor onset, in order to elucidate the molecular mechanism and pathways in which this enzyme is involved and also in the view of identifying new possible therapeutic targets. Using transient silencing technique, we tested the apoptotic response of A375 cells: citofluorimetric analysis showed that upon phosphatase silencing, treatment with 5FU increase cell mortality up to 50%. In agreement with these results, western blot analysis of apoptotic markers (Caspase3, Bcl2 and Bim) confirmed that LMW-PTP silencing sensitize cancer cells towards chemotherapic drugs. Looking for a link between LMW-PTP and apoptosis, we speculate that the phosphatase exerts its action through Cav1-Bcl2 pathways. In fact the phosphorylation on Tyr14 of Cav-1 leads to Bcl2 degradation, increasing apoptosis. Our data demonstrate how LMW-PTP knocking-down lead to Cav-1 Tyr phosphorylation, and Bcl-2 down-regulation. Several studies have demonstrated how tumor cells can develop chemoresistance increasing the activity or the expression level of membrane transporters that actively expel chemotherapy drugs from inside. Our experiments suggest that LMW-PTP may confer resistance against anti-tumoral drugs, increasing the activity of some of these membrane transporters, thus limiting the toxic effect of chemotherapy. One of the most important treatment for Melanoma is Radiotherapy. Using therapeutic doses of radiation (2Gy), we demonstrated that silenced cells were more responsive to this treatment, with respect to control samples, confirming that LMW-PTP plays a key-role not only in chemio- but also in radio-resistance. Furthermore resistant cancer cells, usually, show common phenotypes: one of this features is self-renewal capability. Colony formation assay demonstrates that melanoma cells are able to reform new colonies, even when cells are exposed to a damage, such as 5FU treatment or 2Gy irradiation. When LMW-PTP is knocked-down and cells treated with 5FU or radiated, we observed no colony formation: we can assume that LMW-PTP silencing leads to the loss of some characteristics of self- renewal, fundamental for metastasis. LMW-PTP exerts its action also through some molecules implicated in cell migration and adhesion. Adhesion and Detachment assay showed that LMW-PTP silencing lead cells to be more adherent to a substrate. Accordingly Wound Healing Assay demonstrated that melanoma cells are able to migrate and refill the wound very quickly. We tested also the Invasiveness of A375 cells: silenced cells showed a decreased ability to invade, respect to untreated cells: in fact LMW-PTP down-regulation lead to a MMP-9 reduction. Considering the importance of LMW-PTP in tumor onset we investigate the possibility to inhibit this enzyme as a new therapeutic approach.. Previous work demonstrated that a natural compound, Morin, is an enzymatic inhibitor of LMW-PTP. Morin is not toxic for Melanoma cells, but its combination with 5FU, causes a strong increase of apoptotic cells. Interestingly, this sensitization is not reproducible in non tumoral cell line, such as C2C12 myoblast: this co-treatment could be specific for cancer cells. Furthermore our studies demonstrate that Morin doesn’t act only as an inhibitor of LMW-PTP: western blot analysis showed that the flavonol lead to phosphatase degradation, in a dose and time-dependent manner. This down-regulation may be due to different mechanism, but since this effect start 2h after Morin incubation, we hypothesized that a proteasome activation may be involved. Incubation with Morin together with a proteasome inhibitor (MG132), confirmed our hypothesis. The enhancement of chemotherapic action, obtained with Morin is reproducible even with Radiation therapy. A375 cells pre-treated with Morin and then radiated with 2Gy, decrease dramatically their viability. Moreover irradiation exposition didn’t influence self-renewal capability of Melanoma cells: on the contrary, Morin treatment before irradiation is able to affect the formation of new colonies after the treatment. LMW-PTP is involved in cell-adhesion, migration and invasion: in fact Morin can affect this markers. After Morin treatment Melanoma cells are less able to migrate and invade; furthermore cells increase the number of focal adhesions. To better understand the role of LMW-PTP in tumor onset, we looked for new substrates. To analyze this aspect we studied the phospho-proteomic profile of silenced Melanoma cells. Through these analysis we identified different proteins showing an higher levels of Tyr phosphorylation, upon LMW-PTP silencing. One of the new substrates identified with this experimental approach is Annexin-A1, a protein involved in apoptosis: this finding suggest a further possible link between LMW-PTP and apoptosis resistance, a link that will be further investigated. More interestingly, four of the proteins identified with the proteomic analysisbelong to glycolysis pathway, PKM2, α-Enolase, GAPDH and TIM. To confirm this results we performed immune and co-immunoprecipitations: these analyses confirmed that the mentioned enzymes get in contact with LMW-PTP and, presumably, are direct substrates of the phosphatase. It is well known that the “Warburg effect” causes alteration in cancer cell energetic metabolism, leading cells to consume large quantity of glucose, metabolizing it predominantly through glycolysis, and producing high level of lactate. Considering that four of these substrates are involved in glycolysis pathway, we tested some metabolic parameters. When LMW-PTP is silenced A375 cells consume less O2, and consequently their glucose up-take is higher, producing more lactate respect to controls. Pyruvate kinase controls the final and rate-limiting reaction of glycolysis: PKM2 undergoes conformational conversion between a tetrameric/full active and a dimeric/less active state. The conversion to a less active state, induced by Tyr phosphorylation, confers to PKM2 “non-metabolic” abilities. Indeed, PKM2 translocates into the nucleus and acts as a transcriptional co-activator of β-catenin and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), cooperating to control cell proliferation and glucose catabolism, respectively. Western Blot Analysis of the Glucose transporter GLUT-1 and Hesokinase II, confirmed our previous data. When LMW-PTP is down-regulated both proteins had an increased expression level, explaining, at least in part, the glycolytic metabolism showed by silenced cells. Moreover LMW-PTP influences not only the Tyr phosphorylation state of PKM2, but also its expression level: in fact when the phosphatase is down-regulated PKM2 protein level is higher. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that LMW-PTP plays a key role in chemo and radio-resistance acquisition of Melanoma cells: in fact when the phosphatase is knocked-down cells are more responsive to therapy. Considering that gene silencing cannot be used in patients, the discovery that Morin is able to reproduce the same phenotype, open new possibilities for therapies. Moreover LMW-PTP seems to influence metabolism of Melanoma cells, a parameter often deregulated in cancer cells. Further studies will be conducted to better characterize the role of this enzyme, and its role in the regulation of tumor metabolism.
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Edin, Emil. "Characterization of Heat Treated LMwD Ti-6Al-4V to Study the Effect of Cooling Rate on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-75979.

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In this work, the influence of different cooling rates (5, 20, 50 and 100 °C/s) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Laser Metal Wire Deposited (LMwD) Ti-6Al-4V was investigated, this was done using a thermal-mechanical physical simulation system (Gleeble 3800, DSI). Two different soak times above β transus (held at 1100 °C), 5 and 40 s, were used and after cooling to 150 °C, the samples were tensile tested. The samples were characterized with optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and hardness testing. The results were then compared, both with each other and with two reference samples, that were only heated to 150 °C and then tensile tested. It was found that for the lowest cooling rate, 5 °C/s, the microstructure had transformed from a basketweave α microstructure to a colony α microstructure in the center of the specimen waist where heating was most efficient. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was found to be in the range of 858 – 977 MPa, with the highest average being recorded for the reference samples, similar results were noted for the strain, with a range of  ⁓5 – 14 %, where the highest recorded average was for the reference samples. However, the extensometer used was not optimized for this kind of test, therefore percent reduction of area (RA) measurements were performed. The RA measurements produced a significantly different result than that obtained from the testing, a large scatter in the ductility was found, possibly due to thermal instability that occurred during testing. Overall, the microstructure appears to be relatively stable over the cooling range of 20 - 100 °C/s, no major differences were observed, the microstructure consisted of a homogeneous basketweave α microstructure, with little to no change in the measured average α lath thickness.
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Ryan, Katherine Elizabeth Rose. "New approaches to anticoagulation in haemodialysis." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309422.

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Genot, Elisabeth. "Propriétés et mode d'action d'un facteur de croissance des cellules B humaines le BCGF-1 (LMW-BCGF) /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613794d.

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Books on the topic "LMWG"

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Library of Congress. Copyright Office. Labor Management Working Group. LMWG. [Washington, D.C.?]: Library of Congress, U.S. Copyright Office, 1987.

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Guerrero, Leon Ma. LMG: The Leon Maria Guerrero anthology. Edited by Guerrero David. [Manila]: Guerrero Pub., 2010.

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Fickus, Jürgen. Die wettbewerbsrechtliche Problematik der Zigarettenwerbung: Unter Berücksichtigung von LMBG, UWG, GWB sowie der Entscheidung des BGH vom 15.10.1987. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 1990.

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Schwartmann, Rolf. Die Beteiligung von Presseunternehmen am Rundfunk: Rechtsgutachten zur Novellierung des [Paragraphen] 33 Abs. 3 LMG NRW. Frankfurt: P. Lang, 2010.

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Graf, Carola. Zur Lebensmitteleinfuhr aus EG-Staaten: Schranken der Anwendung der [Paragraphen] 3 UWG und 17 Abs. 1 Nr. 5 b LMBG aus Art. 30 EWGV. Köln: C. Heymann, 1989.

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Notebooks, Fab4 Fab4. Lmw 28if. Independently Published, 2018.

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Guerrero, Edited by David, and David Guerrero. LMG. The Leon Ma. Guerrero Anthology. Guerrero Publishing, 2010.

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Hegnauer. Lmw/C Hegnauer: Chemotax 07/22. Birkhauser, 1985.

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NA. Encountrg West Civil Vol A& Lmwh Web Upd Pkg. Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 2004.

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NA. Civil Past& Pres Vol2& Prim Src& Lmwh Web Pkg. Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "LMWG"

1

Davis, James W., Dana Forman, La Scienya M. Jackson, James W. Davis, Javier Garau, David N. O’Dwyer, Elisa Vedes, et al. "LMWH." In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 1337. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_1838.

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Edelmann, M., D. Longwitz, H. Bachour, and R. Blümm. "Ambulante TVT-Behandlung mit LMW-Heparin." In Bilanz zur Jahrtausendwende, 1339. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60248-1_371.

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Heller, Eric, and George D. Dangas. "Heparin, LMWH, GIIb/IIIa, and Direct Thrombin Inhibitors." In Interventional Cardiology, 110–43. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444319446.ch9.

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Barrowcliffe, T. W. "LMW Heparin: Relationship Between Antithrombotic and Anticoagulant Effects." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 205–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2444-5_21.

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Zuker, A. P., M. Dufour, and C. Pomar. "The LMG Models as a Many Body Probe." In Condensed Matter Theories, 43–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6707-3_5.

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Limmer, J., E. Seifried, D. Ellbrück, and A. Schwarz. "Thromboseprophylaxe mit niedermolekularem Heparin (LMWH) und Hydroxyaethylstärke (HES) in der Allgemeinchirurgie." In Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie, 1185–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48163-5_251.

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Yang, Mingrui, Chixu Luo, Dan Wang, Tianxiong Wang, Xiaojing Liu, and Tengfei Zhang. "Development and Preliminary Verification of a Neutronics-Thermal Hydraulics Coupling Code for Research Reactors with Unstructured Meshes." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 673–89. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1023-6_58.

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AbstractTo maximize their adaptability and versatility, research reactors are designed to adapt to various operational conditions. These requirements result in more complex configurations and irregular geometries for research reactors. Besides, there is usually a strong coupling of neutronics-thermal hydraulics (N-TH) fields inside the reactor. A three-dimensional N-TH coupling code has been developed named CENTUM (CodE for N-Th coupling with Unstructured Mesh). Steady-state and transient neutronic analyses are performed using a 3D triangular-z nodal transport solver with the stiffness confinement method (SCM). Meanwhile, thermal-hydraulics calculations adopt a multi-channel model. For a preliminary verification of the code, we examine CENTUM with benchmark problems including TWIGL, 3D-LMW, and NEACRP. CENTUM produces maximum power errors of −1.27% and −0.45% for the TWIGL A1 and A2 cases, respectively. For the 3D-LMW benchmark, the largest relative power error of 3.84% is observed at 10 s compared with the reference SPANDEX code. For the NEACRP N-TH coupling benchmark, CENTUM results in a 0.35 ppm error in critical boron concentration, a 2.16 °C discrepancy in the fuel average Doppler temperature, and a 0.63% overestimation in the maximum axial power. Moreover, transient results considering thermal-hydraulics feedback are in good agreement with the PARCS reference solutions, with the maximum relative power deviation being only 0.055%.
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Samama, Michel-Meyer. "Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) with Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWH)." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 275–81. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2444-5_27.

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Boesken, W. H., H. C. Schuppe, A. Seidler, and P. Schollmeyer. "Peritoneal Membrane Permeability for High and Low Molecular Weight Proteins (H/LMWP) in CAPD." In Frontiers in Peritoneal Dialysis, 47–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11784-2_8.

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Linhardt, Robert J., Hui-ming Wang, and Stephen A. Ampofo. "New Methodologies in Heparin Structure Analysis and the Generation of LMW Heparins." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 37–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2444-5_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "LMWG"

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John, George, Jose James, Malick Samateh, Siddharth Marwaha, and Vikas Nanda. "Sucralose Hydrogels: Peering into the Reactivity of Sucralose versus Sucrose Using Lipase Catalyzed Trans-Esterification." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/xkza4963.

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Sucralose differs from sucrose only by virtue of having three Cl groups instead of OH groups. Its intriguing features include being noncaloric, noncariogenic, 600 times sweeter than sucrose, stable at high temperatures/acidic pH's, and void of disagreeable aftertastes. These properties are attractive as food additive, one of which is as hydrogel obtainable via the technique of molecular gelation using a sucralose-derived low-molecular weight gelator (LMWG). The process of molecular gelation entails using specially designed lipid-like amphiphilic molecules capable of self-assembling in a liquid solvent to form a 3D-network. A rational molecular design would involve appending lipophilic alkyl chain to sucralose to afford sucralose-based amphiphiles. Our preliminary study has shown that sucralose, unlike sucrose, is unreactive under biocatalytic conditions using lipase enzyme, which is consistent with its reported lack of reactivity by hydrolytic enzymes in the body. Hence, the aim of this work was (i) to use computation and simulations to further understand sucralose's lack of enzymatic reactivity and (ii) to synthesize the sucralose-based amphiphiles using conventional chemical synthesis and systematically study their tendency towards hydrogelation. Three of the sucralose-based amphiphiles (SL-5, SL-6 and SL-7) proved to be successful hydrogelators. The gelators also showed the ability to gel selected beverages. The LMWGs gelled quantities of water and beverage up to 71 and 55 times their weight, respectively, and remain thermally stable up to 144 °C.
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Arnesen, K. E., G. F. Handeland, U. Abildgaard, P. Gottschalk, G. Stene-Larsen, and D. W. T. Nilsen. "WHAT IS THE OPTIMAL DOSAGE OF LMW HEPARIN IN THE SC TREATMENT OF DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643593.

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LMW heparin (LMWH) is better suited for subcutaneous (sc) administration than is UF heparin due to higher bioavailability and slower elimination. Optimal dosage for sc treatment of DVT has not been defined. Our previous study suggested that LMWH should be given in doses according to bodyweight (bw), and that sc injection of 100 anti-Xa U/kg bw/12 hrs might result in therapeutic plasma levels (Holm et al. Haemostasis 16, supl 2,30-37, 1986). This dosage is now being evaluated in an open study including patients with venographically proven DVT. Excluded were patients with pulmonary embolism, thrombosis in the IIiacal vein and females beyond 70 yrs of age. LMWH (Fragmin) is administered sc for at least 5 days. Venography is repeated the last day of treatment and evaluated blindly (Marder score). Compared to the previous study in which doses were given according to age and sex, the present protocol results in more uniform and predictable heparin plasma concentrations : Peak concentration day 2 now ranged 0.40-0.75 U/ml (mean 0.58) (n = ll) as compared to the three-fold wider range (0.261.20 U/ml)(mean 0.57)(n = 29) in the previous study. The 12 hrs plasma heparin profile was determined on day 3. Peak concentrations in the 0.44-0.72 U/ml range were found 2.5-4 hrs after injection. The plasma heparin activity was subtherapeutic (< 0.2 U/ml) the last 3-6 hrs of the 12 hrs period. The heparin activity at the next injection averaged 0.05 U/ml (range 0-0.ll). Day to day variation of peak heparin activity in the individual patient, expressed as CV, ranged 11-22% and there was no heparin accumulation.Conclusions: SC treatment of DVT with LMWH 100 anti-Xa U/kg bw/12 hrs results in peak plasma heparin activity in the 0.40-0.75 U/ml range. The plasma heparin activity was below therapeutic level 3-6 hrs of the 12 hrs period indicating that a larger dose (250 U/kg bw/ 24 hrs divided into 2 or perhaps 3 injections) is preferable.
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Samama, M., P. Bernard, J. P. Bonnardot, E. Tissot, Y. Lanson, and S. Combe-Tamzali. "LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN (Enoxaparin) COMPARED WITH UNFRACTIONATED HEPARIN THRICE DAILY IN PREVENTION OF POSTOPERATIVE THROMBOSIS. A RANDOMIZED MULTICENTRE TRIAL." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642868.

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Three consecutive randomized open studies have been carried out in 892 patients undergoing abdominal, gynecological, thoracic or urological surgery. They were over 40 years old and presented at least one of the following risk factors for thrombosis: previous thromboembolism, obesity, varicose veins, malignancy (30% in these studies), pre-operative hospitalization over 5 days, estrogen therapy, chronic cardiac disease or bronchitis. The two groups of each trial were well matched with regard to population characteristics. The third trial included higher rate of patients undergoing urologic surgery. Isotopic venous thromboses and bleeding complications were assessed after subcutaneous administration of a low molecular weight (LMW) heparin fragment (Enoxaparin, 1 mg = 100 Anti-Xa I.U.) or unfractionated heparin (UH). The 3 studies compared 3 × 5,000 IU UH daily with 1 × 60 mg, 1 × 40 mg, or 1 × 20 mg LMW heparin daily. Thromboembolic event rates were not significantly different among the groups (UH : 3.6, 2.8, 7.6% respectively compared to LMWH : 3, 2.8, 3.7%). Significant decrease of hematocrit and hemoglobin were only observed in patients receiving 60 mg Enoxaparin (as compared to UH) whilst in the 2 other trials no difference could be evidenced between the 2 populations. The metaanalysis of the three studies on the “intention to treat” patients gave results consistent with those observed in good compliers. The three consecutive studies showed homogeneous results (p = 0.20), the Mantel Haenszel test did not evidence a global difference between Enoxaparin and unfractionated Heparin (p = 0.54). These results suggest that an optimal dosage of 20 mg per day of Enoxaparin is safe and as efficient as UH 5,000 IU × 3 in the prevention of post-operative thrombosis in this population.
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Vogel, G., and M. Machulik. "EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF A LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN (LMW-HEPARIN SANDOZ) IN PATIENTS WITH DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643226.

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28 patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were randomized to low molecular heparin (LMWH) SANDOZ ( Nurnberg, F.R.G.) 3 OOO U/day per infusio-nem during 10 days or to unfractionated heparin(UFH) 30 000 U/day per infusionem during 10 days. Venography was repeated at day 11. of 14 patients given UFH 5 obtained complete lysis, 6 incomplete lysis and 3 no lysis. The differences were not statistically Significant. No haemorrhagic complications were seen in LMWH grouup but 5 large hamtomas were observed in UFH group. The result suggest that LMWH Sandoz and UFH were equally effecetive on thrombus reduction whereas hemorrgic complications were more common with UFH than with LMWH
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Reber, G., Ph de Moerloose, M. Sinclair, A. Schweizer, J. P. Gardaz, and C. A. Bouvier. "LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN, STANDARD HEPARIN AND ANCR0D AS ANTICOAGULANT FOR EXTRAC0RP0REAL MEMBRANE LUNG CO2 REMOVAL IN DOGS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643086.

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A low molecular weight heparin (LMWH, Sandoz), a standard heparin (SH, LiqueminR) and ancrod (Arvin^)have been compared in an extracorporeal veno-venous bypass for CO2 removal using a membrane lung in dogs. Four animals received 150 anti-FXa U/kg in bolus followed 90 min later by 40 anti-FXa U/kg/h of LMWH and four other 300 IU/kg followed by 100 IU/kg/h of SH. Six dogs received 1 U/Kg of ancrod intravenously during 2 h before bypass started.Mean FXa inhibition was 49% in LMWH group and 29% in SH group, mean FI la inhibition 31% and 49% respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between LMWH and SH groups for any of the parameters measured (fibrinogen, FV, antithrombin III, plasminogen, α 2-anti piasmin, platelet counts). At the end of bypass 5000 U protamine abolished both anti-FXa and anti-FIIa activities in SH group, but failed to neutralize more than half of anti-FXa in LMWH group. In ancrod group no clottable fibrinogen was detectable. A dramatic fall of α2-antiplasmin was observed after ancrod infusion and, during bypass, sharp decreases in FV and platelet counts without significant antithrombin III and plasminogen consumption were noted.No bleeding occurred in any group throughout the seven hours of bypass. The main finding was fibrin deposition in the tubing in three out of four dogs receiving LMWH, whereas no fibrin deposition occurred either in SH or in ancrod group.These results suggest that in this model which involves blood contact with artificial surfaces (1) SH and ancrod are efficient to prevent clotting, but not the LMWH used at the dosage reported (2) high anti-FIIa activities are required to prevent fibrin formation (3) ancrod defibrination does not protect against severe haemostatic disturbances and (4) the use of LMWH may raise problems when emergency neutralisation procedures are required.
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Kohli, S., K. Singh, A. Gupta, M. Lia, H. Stepan, and B. Isermann. "LMWH prevents platelet and extracellular vesicle mediated thrombo-inflammation." In 65th Annual Meeting of the Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1728130.

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Borowska, A., D. Lauri, A. Maggi, E. Dejana, G. de Gaetano, and J. Pangrazzi. "IMPAIREMENT OF PRIMARY HAEMOSTASIS BY LMW-HEPARINS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643172.

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Low molecular weight (LMW) heparlns have been developed with the aim of reducing anticoagulant activity thereby minimizing the bleeding complications of conventional heparin. Unexpectedly, bleeding events were reported during treatment with some LMW-heparins, in clinical and experimental studies. We studied the effect of four different LMW-heparlns on primary haemostasis In male rats (CD COBS, Charles River) after l.v. administration of 0.75 mg/kg b.w. of the drugs. LMW heparin A was devoid of any activity on an experimental model of “template” bleeding time in rats (110.6±5.9 sec versus 108.7±4.1 control values) whereas LMW-heparins B, C and D prolonged the bleeding time to a different extent (228.7±19.9, 161.5±6.4 and 161.7±8.6 respectively). Pretreatment of animals with aspirin (100 mg/kg b.w. per o.s). resulted In a significant potentiation of the “template” bleeding time. In vitro platelet aggregation Induced by collagen (20 μg/ml) or by collagen in combination with ADP (5-10 μM) was strongly inhibited by LMW-heparln B, while LMW-heparln A showed no effect. LMW-heparins C and D exerted an Intermediate level of Inhibition of platelet aggregation. The same pattern of aggregating response was found when LMW-heparins A and B were given i.v. to rats (0.75 mg/kg b.w.) and platelet aggregation was studied “ex vivo” 15 min after drug administration.These data may help explain the impairment of primary haemostasis associated with some LMW-heparin preparations.
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Mätzsch, T., D. Berggvist, U. Hedner, B. Nilsson, and P. Østergaard. "INDUCTION OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN RATS BY STANDARD HEPARIN AND LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642930.

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Long-term treatment with heparin can induce osteoporosis. This complication is suspected to be related to the dosage of heparin rather than to duration of therapy, but the mechanism by which heparin induces osteoporosis is unknown. In a previous study we reported the same degree of reduction in mineral bone mass in rats after treatment with 2 IU heparm/g bw for 33 and 65 days (Thromb Haemostas 1986,56:293-4). Using the same animal model we compared the effect of a high-dose standard heparin (SH) and a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in a high and a low dose on the mineral bone mass in the femur of rats. Method: 60 female Wistar rats (207±1.8 g) were randomly allocated to treatment with either 2 Xal U/g bw of standard heparin (SH), 2 Xal U/g bw of LMWH ("high-dose"), 0.4 Xal U/g bw LMWH ("low-do-se") or placebo (saline). A standard sodium salt heparin of porcine origin was used, and the LMWH was an enzymatically depolymerized pork mucosal heparin (LHN-1, mean MW 4900 D). Treatment with s.c. injections was continued for 34 days. 24 hours after the last injection the rats were sacrificed and the carefully cleaned femora weighed in air and in water under standardized conditions. Volumes and densities were calculated from the weights. The bones were then incinerated for 48 hours at 600°C and weighed again to determine the ash content (expressed as ash weight per ml of unashed femur volume). Results: There was a significant decrease in ash content (p<0.01) and density (p<0.01) of the femora in all heparin treated groups as compared with controls. High-dose LMWH caused the same reduction in bone mineral mass as standard heparin. Treatment with low-dose LMWH resulted in a significantly less pronounced reduction in ash content (p<0.001) and density (p<0.05) of the femora when compared with high-dose standard heparin and high-dose LMWH. CONCLUSION: Daily injections of 2 Xal U/g body weight of standard heparin or low molecular weight heparin for 34 days causes the same degree of reduction of mineral bone mass in rats. The reduction of mineral bone mass in rats by treatment with low molecular weight heparin is dose dependent.
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Bergqvist, D., J. Frisel, T. Hallböök, A. Horn, A. Lindhagen, H. Ljungndér, K. G. Ljungström, et al. "PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST POSTOPERATIVE DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS (DVT)- A DOUBLE-BLIND MULTICENTER TRIAL COMPARING A HEPARIN FRAGMENT GIVEN ON THE EVENING BEFORE SURGERY WITH CONVENTIONAL LOW DOSE HEPARIN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644192.

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Bergen, Halmstad, Goteborg and KabiVitrum AB Stockholm, Sweden and Norway. At the Xth Int. Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis in San Diego results from a multicenter trial on 432 patients were presented, comparing a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) fragment (Fragmin, Kabi) once daily with low dose heparin twice daily. Prophylaxis started 2 hours preoperatively. The frequency of postoperative DVT did notdiffer (6.4 % v. 4.3 %) but the onset of thrombosis was delayed in the LMWH group. Haemorrhagic complications occurred significantly more often in the LMWH group (11.6 % v. 4.6 ?o). The results were similar independent whether the analysis was made according to the intention to treat principle or based on patients with correct prophylaxis. On the basis of these data and newer knowledge regarding the pharmacokinetics of LMWH a second prospective randomized double-blind multicenter trial on patients.older than 40 years undergoing elective abdominal surgery was started. The only difference was that the first dose of 5000 ariti-factor Xa units of LMWH was given on the evening before surgery. Only conventional low dose heparin was given 2 h before surgery. The study is designed to include 1000patients, a number which will be obtained during the spring 1987. At the time of abstract deadline 799 patients have been included. The over-all frequency of DVT (fibrinogen uptake test) is 6.8 %, the frequency of haemorrhagic complications 3.6 % and mortality 1.8 % (one fatal pulmonary embolism). These frequencies remained unaltered after inclusion of 336, 576, 655 and 799 patients. Although the code has not been broken yet, it can be concluded that the new regimen with start of prophylaxis the evening before surgery has not altered the frequency of DVT or mortality whereas the frequency of haemorrhagic side effects has decreased considerably.
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Sala, N., and J. Fontcuberta. "STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF UNFRACTIONATED (UFH) AND LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT (LMWH) HEPARINS ON THE DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN C ACTIVITY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644315.

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In an attempt to see whether the presence of different heparins affected the determination of protein C activity (APC),this parameter was measured before and during treatment in 23 deep vein thrombosis patients that had been randomly treated with 3 different LMWH (Choay CY-216 and CY-222 and Kabi-2165) and UFH,for 10 days, Very low levels of APC (amidolytic assay that uses thrombin-thrombomodulin to activate the barium citrate eluted PC) were found in those patients receiving UFH and having an APTT more than 3 times that of control, as well as in those patients receiving LMWH CY-216 and having an APTT of only 8 to 10 seconds higher than that of control plasma, In patients receiving CY-222 and Kabi-2165, no significant differences were observed between APC levels before and during treatment, PC antigen (ELISA assay) was normal in all cases, In order to see if these low APC levels were due to interference of heparin with the assay and at which doses, control plasma pool was supplemented "in vitro" with 0 to 2.5 IU/ml (0 to 0,00252) of UFH and with 0 to 3 anti-Xa U/ml of LMWH CY-216, APTT, PCAg, APC and presence of ATI 11 in the barium citrate eluates (immunodiffusion), were determined in all plasma samples before and after treatment with protamine sulphate (PS) at 0,0032, The results showed that UFH, when not neutralized with PS, resulted in low APC values only at doses higher than 0,8 IU/ml, corresponding to an APTT of more than 3 times that of control plasma, LMWH CY-216 at doses above 1 anti-XaU/ml, corresponding to an APTT of only 10 seconds higher than that of control, also produced a gradual decrease in APC values, ATI 11 was clearly visualized in the barium citrate eluates of all those plasma samples having a low APC value, The addition of PS to all samples containing UFH resulted in a complete normalization of APC values, with almost normal AFTT values and disappearance of ATI 11 from the barium citrate eluates, On the contrary, addition of PS to plasma containing CY-216 resulted in low APC values and presence of ATI 11 in the eluates of those samples containing more than 4 antiXaU/ml, whose APTT still was about 10 seconds above that of control.It is concluded that at therapeutic doses not only UFH but also LMWH CY-216 interfere with the APC assay, probably through binding of hepar in-ATI 11 complexes to barium citrate and neutralization of the thrombin used to activate the barium citrate eluted PC, LMWH CY-222 and Kabi-2165, although increasing the APTT similarly to CY-216, do not seem to interfere with the APC assay, Protamine sulphate, at 0,0032 in plasma, completely abolishes the effect of UFH on APC assay but not that of LMWH CY-216, More studies are being performed to see if higher doses of PS can be used to neutralize the effect of this LMWH.
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Reports on the topic "LMWG"

1

Smith, Troy. MK46 MOD0 (LMG). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada386349.

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2

Akli, Said. Identification of New Substrates for Breast Tumor Specific LMW Cyclin E/CDK2 Kinase. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada570588.

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3

Akli, Said. Identification of New Substrates for Breast Tumor-Specific LMW Cyclin E/CDk2 Kinase. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada560522.

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4

Chen, Chen, Peng Chen, Xia Liu, and Hua Li. Combined 5-Fluorouracil and Low Molecular Weight Heparin for the Prevention of Postoperative Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy in Patients with Retinal Detachment. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.8.0117.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intraoperative infusion of combined 5-fluorouracil and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for the prevention of postoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy in patients with retinal detachment. Condition being studied: Postoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the primary cause of failure of retinal reattachment surgery. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) inhibits the proliferation of fibroblasts, and suppresses collagen contraction. On the other hand, heparin reduces fibrin exudation, and inhibits the adhesion and migration of retinal pigment epithelial cells. We conduct this comprehensive literature search and meta-analysis to address whether intraoperative infusion of combined 5-FU and LWMH improves the primary success rate of pars plana vitrectomy, as well as reduces postoperative PVR. Our study aims to provide clinical evidence for retinal surgeons concerning their choice of intraoperative medication.
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5

Wingate, Hannah F., and Khandan Keyomarsi. The Role of the Low Molecular Weight (LMW) Isoforms of Cyclin E in Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada443238.

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6

Wingate, Hannah. The Role of the Low Molecular Weight (LMW) Isoforms of Cyclin E in Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada457665.

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7

Wingate, Hannah. The Role of the Low Molecular Weight (LMW) Isoforms of Cyclin E in Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada475188.

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