Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'LMS'

The goal of my master's thesis is a description of the Moodle learning management system, and demonstration of its usability in human resources supporting the whole process of systematical approach in training and further development of employees. In order to confirm its applicability I describe the real system implementation. My master's thesis also includes supporting objectives to support the main objectives. The purpose of their use is to introduce the reader to the problematic of training and further development. Supporting objectives are: to introduce the issue of training and further development of employees in organizations, introduction of systematical approach to training of employees in organizations, introduction of methods and forms of education with a focus on e-learning and blended learning and introduction of learning management systems and learning content management systems.

Ces travaux de thèse visent à valoriser la lignine, biopolymère aromatique le plus abondant sur terre. Pour cela, la dépolymérisation oxydante de la lignine par voie enzymatique a été explorée afin d’obtenir des synthons aromatiques fonctionnalisés. La laccase et le système laccase médiateur (LMS) ont été sélectionnés comme système enzymatique. Dans une première partie, les paramètres réactionnels (choix du médiateurs, température, co-solvant…) de fonctionnement optimal du LMS ont été déterminés notamment via l’utilisation de molécules modèles de lignine. Ces conditions optimales ont été directement appliquées pour l’oxydation d’une lignine organosolv issue d’une plante herbacée. Une étape de fractionnement organique a été conduite sur la lignine avant oxydation afin d’éliminer les populations à l’origine de réactions de couplage. La lignine a ensuite été oxydée par le LMS en milieu biphasique, puis traitée au peroxyde d’hydrogène. Ce procédé en trois étapes a permis de générer des composés aromatiques monomères à trimères (mis en évidence par chromatographies SEC, HPLC, GC et LC-MS) et a été appliqué avec succès à une seconde lignine issue de conifère. Dans les deux cas, des rendements élevés ont été constatés comparés à ceux obtenus dans la littérature. Après isolation, les composés aromatiques produits pourraient trouver des applications comme précurseurs dans les industries de la chimie fine et des polymères
This work aims at valorizing lignin, the most abundant aromatic biopolymer on earth. For that purpose, an enzymatic approach for the oxidative depolymerization of lignin was investigated in order to obtain fine chemicals. Laccase and the laccase-mediator system (LMS) were selected for the enzymatic oxidation. In the first part, optimal conditions (type of mediator, temperature, co-solvent…) were determined especially by studying reactions on lignin model molecules. These conditions were applied for the oxidation of an organosolv grass lignin. Prior to the oxidation, an organic fractionation was conducted on the lignin in order to remove the population responsible for radical coupling. Then, the lignin was oxidized by the LMS in a biphasic medium followed by a mild hydrogen peroxide treatment. This three-step process allowed the production of monomeric to trimeric aromatic compounds (as shown by SEC, HPLC, GC and LC-MS) and was successfully applied to a different organosolv lignin coming from hardwood. High yield were obtained in both cases as compared with literature results. After isolation, the obtained aromatic molecules could be of interest as precursors for the fine chemistry and polymer industries

This thesis deals with distance education in the setting of high schools. The first part describes the history, then the possibility of e learning and its basic components. Another part is focused on the description of the current offer of educational systems. The practical part focuses on the characterization and comparison of LMS systems. The last chapter deals with ways of graduation at the Faculty of Management and describes the courses with which students have the most problems.

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica.
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Neste trabalho, um novo algoritmo LMS normalizado proporcional (PNLMS) é proposto. Tal algoritmo usa fatores de ativação individuais para cada coeficiente do filtro adaptativo, em vez de um fator de ativação global como no algoritmo PNLMS padrão. Os fatores de ativação individuais do algoritmo proposto são atualizados recursivamente a partir dos correspondentes coeficientes do filtro adaptativo. Essa abordagem conduz a uma melhor distribuição da energia de adaptação entre os coeficientes do filtro. Dessa forma, para respostas ao impulso com elevada esparsidade, o algoritmo proposto, denominado algoritmo PNLMS com fatores de ativação individuais (IAF PNLMS), atinge maior velocidade de convergência do que os algoritmos PNLMS padrão e PNLMS melhorado (IPNLMS). Também, uma metodologia de modelagem estocástica dos algoritmos da classe PNLMS é apresentada. Usando essa metodologia, obtém-se um modelo estocástico que prediz satisfatoriamente o comportamento do algoritmo IAF PNLMS tanto na fase transitória quanto na estacionária. Através de simulações numéricas, a eficácia do modelo proposto é verificada. Adicionalmente, uma versão melhorada do algoritmo IAF PNLMS, denominada EIAF PNLMS, é proposta neste trabalho, a qual usa uma estratégia de redistribuição de ganhos durante o processo de aprendizagem, visando aumentar os ganhos atribuídos aos coeficientes inativos quando os ativos aproximam-se da convergência. Resultados de simulação mostram que tal estratégia de redistribuição melhora significativamente as características de convergência do algoritmo

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vad lärare på en grundskola anser att det innebär för deras undervisning att arbeta med lärplattformen SchoolSoft. En lärarenkät i en svensk grundskola har genomförts och det framkommer där att lärarna använde sig mer av administrativa än pedagogiska funktioner och att de såg både nackdelar och fördelar när de använde denna lärplattform. SchoolSoft tillgodosåg generellt lärarnas behov av administration och kommunikation, men lärarna såg också brister och förlorad funktionalitet i lärplattformen. SchoolSoft verkar satsa mer på administrativa än pedagogiska funktioner och de funktioner som har pedagogisk potential underutnyttjas av SchoolSoft. Resultatet pekar på att lärarnas attityder till att använda lärplattformen är mestadels positiva med SchoolSoft. Emellertid indikerar studien att genom en ökad kompetens inom SchoolSofts funktioner skulle lärarna kunna utnyttja lärplattformens pedagogiska mervärde ytterligare.

A educação a distância é uma realidade bem vista por muitas instituições de ensino e pelo Ministério da Educação, sendo, portanto, fortemente incentivada. Essa modalidade vai muito além da alternativa de oferecer cursos de maneira confortável para alunos que não têm disponibilidade de tempo em horário comercial. Em alguns casos, esse é o único meio de atingir uma parcela da população que, apesar de encontrar-se isolada geograficamente, tem direito à educação básica de qualidade e gratuita como forma de garantir os seus direitos de cidadão. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar alternativas de software que visam oferecer apoio para a oferta de cursos na modalidade a distância. Como estudo de caso, foi delimitado um cenário real: o do estado do Amazonas, que conta com diversos esforços bem sucedidos no uso de educação a distância como alternativas para reduzir o isolamento geográfico. Para auxiliar os alunos e professores foi escolhido o ambiente Tidia-Ae, sendo que o maior enfoque foi dado à ferramenta DigaE e suas extensões, por possibilitarem a autoria de documentos multimídia interativos
Distance education is a education model that was recommend by many educational institutions and by the Education Ministry. This model goes beyond of offering courses in a comfortable way for students who do not have time available during business hours. In some cases, this is the only way to offer for a population that, although is geographically isolated, has the right to quality basic education and free as a way to guarantee their rights as citizens. This study aimed to investigate alternatives to the use of software tools aimed at providing support for the provision of courses in the distance. As a particular case, was delimited a real scenario: the Amazon state, which has several successful efforts in using distance education as alternatives to reduce the geographic isolation. To assist students and teachers were chosen environment Tidia-Ae, with the main focus was given to the DigaE tool and its extensions, for making possible the interactive multimedia document authoring

This thesis deals with the creation of an electronic course, designation of a reliable support system for testing and also with the preparation and suggestion of testing questions for a Computer hardware subject. Another part of the thesis is the appending Graphical User Interface (GUI) for generation of questions of type “Cloze”. It means “Embedded answer” in Moodle. Nonetheless, the significant part of the thesis is the designation of its own E-learning information system. This system enables the students to have the opportunity to educate themselves and also to get prepared for the successful completion by passing the electronic exam.

The thesis examines possible ways of implementing e-learning / electronic education of internal staff in Business Media CZ. It includes various options of e-learning. Furthermore, it compares the types of implementing the LMS systems, ultimately leading to the selection of one solution. The final part of the thesis describes the actual implementation of e-learning, suggested structure of courses including additional materials and final assessment.

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CAPES
Nos ambientes de aprendizado colaborativo apoiados por computador (do inglês Computer-Supported Colaborative Learning, ou apenas CSCL) a percepção que os usuários têm do ambiente e das suas atividades favorece o aprendizado dos grupos. Há hoje esforços de pesquisa e desenvolvimento para dar suporte às diversas interações, à colaboração e ao compartilhamento de informações entre membros de um grupo em ambientes LMS (Learning Management System), com o objetivo de melhorar a coordenação das atividades dos alunos pelo professor. A adaptação destes ambientes às necessidades particulares de novos contextos pode significar um aumento relevante no potencial de inserção de novas formas de interação. Por isso, a construção de ferramentas que possam tornar o fluxo das atividades (Workflow Educativo) perceptível ao ambiente, podem atender de maneira satisfatória a estas novas necessidades. Este trabalho apresenta o resultado da aplicação de percepção das atividades desenvolvidas por pequenos grupos no LMS Amadeus para melhorar a coordenação destas pelo professor, a qualquer momento. Apresenta também a possibilidade de utilização dos logs dos eventos como scripts para a resolução de atividades por outros discentes, corroborando com o aprendizado colaborativo. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, utilizamos a literatura de Interação Humano-computador, especificadamente o método de design de interação. O processo foi composto por quatro atividades básicas: (1) revisão da literatura, (2) analise de contexto (necessidade do usuário), (3) storyboard, prototipagem e avaliação heurística e (4) concepção e avaliação da usabilidade. Foi considerado no método o foco no usuário, a avaliação da eficácia e a prototipagem evolutiva. Foram ainda utilizadas as técnicas de observação e entrevista para a construção dos primeiros protótipos e futuros storyboards usados na avaliação da eficácia das soluções. A partir das especificações e prototipagem definidas, foi implementada a solução no ambiente de LMS Amadeus, seguindo todas as regras de layout padrão. Por último foi feito um teste de usabilidade com usuários que teve como meta avaliar a eficácia de uso da solução desenvolvida.

The primate genus Theropithecus is represented at various Plio-Pleistocene sites including the Pliocene site of Makapansgat (2.9 mya), the early Pleistocene cave of Swartkrans (1.8 mya), the late Pleistocene deposits from Elandsfontein (700,000 ka) and by extant gelada baboons from Ethiopia. To examine how diet has changed over time in this genus, dental microwear features of Theropithecus darti (n=2), Theropithecus danieli (n=8), Theropithecus gelada (n=2) Theropithecus oswaldi (n=1) Parapapio whitei (n=14), Papio robinsoni (n=16) and Papio ursinus (n=13) were examined under low-magnification (35x) using light refractive technology. Although there is a significant relationship between small pits and fine scratches, Analysis of Variance followed by Tukey’s post-hoc tests failed to demonstrate significant groupings. However, bivariate analyses suggest that as scratch count increases, pit count decreases. The results suggest that there is much dietary variation in modern and extinct gelada baboons, but that extant Theropithecus relies somewhat more on grassland resources than did their extinct counterparts.

Learning Management Systems (LMS) is a widespread information system used in many Higher Education Institutes (HEI) in order to facilitate educational efforts. The system can be used for support in campus courses; courses conducted on the Internet and of course a mixture of these usages. This study attempts to understand the process of the implementing an LMS at a specific HEI. The HEI has made several implementations over the last 6 years, but decided to implement a new LMS during 2018. The focus of the study is the perceived effects on teachers in the implementation and the role a group of so-called Ambassadors played in the implementation. The study applied a social constructivist approach, mixing interviews, observation and survey as methods for data collection from teachers and implementation project management at the HEI. The study applied thematic analysis in order to analyse the collected data. The analysis built on five themes, Ambassadors, Implementation, Major concerns, Pedagogy, and System Literacy. Findings suggest that time management issues created the major effect on the daily work of teachers and that the group of Ambassadors in their role acted as a form of change agents, thus influencing the implementation project positively. Findings also suggested that only a few teachers took the opportunity to apply new pedagogical features to their teaching, in connection with the implementation. Finally, findings suggested that, in line with previous research, that the LMS is not used fully, as some teachers tends to use only minor functionalities in the LMS.

Der Einsatz digitaler Medien hat in der nationalen Hochschullehre Tradition. Lernmanagementsysteme (LMS), E-Learning, Blended Learning, etc. sind Schlagwörter im Hochschulalltag. Allerdings stellt sich die Frage, was LMS und Blended Learning im Zeitalter digitaler Vernetzung und der herangewachsenen Generation der “Digital Natives” leisten (können bzw. sollen)? Die Verbreitung neuer Technologien im Zusammenhang mit neuen Lehr- und Lernkonzepten wie OER, MOOCS, etc. macht zudem die Entwicklung von Analytics-Instrumenten erforderlich. Das ist auch im nationalen Diskurs von großem Interesse und legt neue Handlungsfelder für Hochschulen offen. Doch es stellt sich die Frage, warum Learning Analytics (LA) bzw. Academic Analytics (AA) bisher nur in einem geringfügigen Maße an deutschen Hochschulen erfolgreich zum Einsatz kommen und warum eine Nutzung insbesondere in LMS, wie zum Beispiel OPAL, nicht ohne Weiteres realisierbar erscheint. Hierzu sollen Einflussfaktoren, die die Implementierung von LA- und AA-Instrumenten hemmen, identifiziert und diskutiert werden. Aufbauend darauf werden erste Handlungsfelder vorgestellt, deren Beachtung eine verstärkte Einbettung von LA- und AA Instrumenten in LMS möglich machen soll.

Dissertação apresentado à Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão do IPL para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática - Computação Móvel, orientada pelo Doutor Vítor Manuel Basto Fernandes.
Actualmente, os dispositivos móveis estão cada vez mais presentes nas tarefas diárias das nossas vidas. Devido ao rápido desenvolvimento das tecnologias de comunicações móveis e das redes sem fio, elevando exponencialmente o número de pessoas que usam os dispositivos móveis. Neste contexto, aparece o m-learning que estende o conceito de elearning, onde alarga o conceito de mobilidade, especialmente com o uso de recursos tecnológicos. Portanto, a computação móvel concentra o paradigma do "anytime, anywhere access", oferecendo recursos para a educação à distância através dos dispositivos móveis. Este paradigma permite que a informação seja disponibilizada aos utilizadores com maior flexibilidade e diversidade. Fazendo com que a aprendizagem surja em locais e horários não convencionais. A necessidade de aprendizagem ao longo da vida, formação, mobilidade e flexibilidade do ensino e da penetração das tecnologias móveis possibilita aos dispositivos móveis, devido à sua principal característica - a mobilidade - o apoio e desenvolvimento de novas abordagens no contexto educacional como instrumentos de apoio à aprendizagem. Este estudo apresenta o trabalho realizado no âmbito da criação de uma aplicação de suporte ao ensino à distância no ensino superior. O objectivo principal consiste na utilização dos dispositivos móveis como ferramentas de apoio, com a finalidade de exibirem as informações sobre as disciplinas/conteúdos disponíveis no LMS. De forma a poder validar o estudo efectuado, foram realizados testes com os alunos do Instituto Politécnico de Leiria e sendo o Moodle a plataforma LMS escolhida para os testes.

Беручи до уваги фінансові, організаційні й психологічні моменти, пов’язані з впровадженням дистанційного навчання в освітній процес України, мова в найближчій перспективі може йти переважно про органічно змішане традиційне й дистанційне навчання, в якому гармонійно поєднанні усі переваги першого та другого. «Змішане» навчання, де засоби дистанційного навчання використовуються для організації саме самостійної роботи студентів денної та заочної форм навчання є предметом нашого дослідження. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33330

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, Florianópolis, 2015.
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Este trabalho de pesquisa apresenta uma nova política de distribuição de ganho para algoritmos tipo proporcional baseada na convergência individual dos coeficientes. Para isso, uma taxa de variação suavizada e normalizada da magnitude do coeficiente é concebida para avaliação de convergência individual dos coeficientes. A nova abordagem visa melhorar a distribuição de ganho durante o processo adaptativo. Para tal, ganhos associados a coeficientes ativos que estão na vizinhança de seus valores ótimos são reduzidos e redistribuídos a outros coeficientes visando, assim, acelerar a velocidade de convergência global do algoritmo. A partir da nova política de distribuição de ganho, três novas versões de algoritmos tipo proporcional são derivadas. Além disso, uma nova versão do algoritmo adaptativo proporcional ao desvio quadrático médio dos coeficientes (z2 proportionate) é apresentada. Este último algoritmo combina uma distribuição de ganho proporcional com ganho uniforme. Tal estratégia é dependente do conhecimento do nível de potência do ruído de medição presente no sistema que, na prática, não está sempre disponível. Assim, para contornar essa dependência, um novo procedimento de distribuição de ganho baseado na autocorrelação do sinal de erro é apresentado e discutido. O novo algoritmo supera o algoritmo original em termos de velocidade de convergência e resposta a perturbações na planta. Por fim, uma nova política de distribuição de ganho para algoritmos tipo proporcional para operação em ambientes com elevada esparsidade é proposta. A nova política utiliza uma função de amplificação do ganho de coeficientes ativos visando aumentar sua velocidade de convergência. A partir da nova política, dois novos algoritmos para operação com plantas cujas respostas ao impulso exibem elevada esparsidade são introduzidos. Resultados de simulação corroboram a eficácia dos algoritmos propostos.

Abstract : This research work presents a new gain distribution policy for proportionate-type algorithms based on individual-coefficient convergence. To this end, a normalized and smoothed variation rate of the individual-coefficient magnitude is derived in order to assess the individual-coefficient convergence. The new approach aims to enhance the gain distribution during the adaptation process. Thereby, gains of the active coefficients that are close to their optimum values are reduced and redistributed to other coefficients, increasing the convergence speed of the algorithm. By using this policy, three new versions of proportionate algorithms have been conceived. Moreover, an alternative version of the mean-square weight deviation-proportionate gain algorithm (z2 proportionate) is introduced. This latter algorithm applies a rule combining the mean-square weight deviation-proportionate gain and a uniform gain to obtain the whole algorithm gain distribution. Such a rule is strongly dependent on the knowledge of the measurement noise variance, requiring therefore its estimate. Thereby, a novel approach aiming to circumvent such a dependence, based on error autocorrelation, is presented and discussed. Lastly, a new proportionate gain distribution strategy for operating with plants exhibiting high sparseness is proposed. The new policy uses an amplification function of the gain assigned to active coefficients in order to increase their convergence rate. Thereby, two proportionate algorithms have been developed. Through numerical simulation results, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is verified.

The aim was to test the methods for suppression 50 Hz noise with adaptive filtering. When using the general scheme of adaptive and deterministic scheme to suppress hum. The work is a theoretical derivation of adaptive algorithms and some examples of modeling in MATLAB.

Dagens utveckling inom distansutbildning har lett till att det blir allt viktigare att välja en lärplattform som är anpassat till företagets eller organisationens verksamhet. Nya effektiva utbildningsmetoder som komplement till den traditionella utbildningen möjliggörs av den nya tekniken där e-learning har en framträdande roll. E-learning gör att lärandet inte längre är beroende av ett fysiskt klassrum och en specifik tidpunkt utan utbildningen blir mer flexibel, interaktiv samt fokuserar mer på själva på lärandet.

Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att kartlägga hur ett LMS bör vara utformat vad det gäller design, funktion och användbarhetsfaktorer för att underlätta val av lärplattform (LMS). Studien har visat att det designmässigt är lämpligt att följa vedertagna författares riktlinjer – oavsett om det gäller LMS eller design av en funktion i ett LMS. När det handlar om användbarhetsfaktorer har studien visat att vissa val av funktioner kan vara avgörande.

De slutsatser som framkommit i vår studie är att en organisation eller ett företag bör välja ett LMS som är utbyggbart. Efterhand som företaget eller organisationen utvecklas inom sitt LMS, efterfrågas fler funktioner och möjligheter. Det har visat sig att LMS som följer en internationell standard, SCORM – vilket möjliggör återanvändning av material samt överföring mellan olika LMS, är att föredra.

Vidare visade studien att framtidens LMS måste anpassas till kommande behov både vad det gäller möjligheter för den enskilde användaren att göra personliga inställningar samt att kunna kommunicera via exempelvis chat, forum, e-post, webbkamera eller liknande. Vidare måste fokus ligga på att främja lärandet, att välja ett LMS med potential att växa och personalisera tror vi främjar lärandet i positiv riktning.

This master thesis has been performed at SAAB AB in Järfälla, Sweden.A radar warning receiver must alert the user when someone highlights it with radarsignals. Radar signals used today varies and has a wide frequency band. In order todetect all possible radar signals the radar warning receiver must have a widebandwidth. This results in that the noise power will be high in the radar warningreceiver and weak radar signals will be hard to detect or even undetected.The aim of the thesis work was to investigate the possibility to suppress the noise inthe received radar signals. Unfortunately we do not know the frequency of thereceived radar signals, since the frequency has been decided by the threat radar. Wehave used adaptive filters, which adapts it band-pass to the received radar signal. Theadaptive filters must converge quickly to the state it reduces the noise and passes theradar signals since radar pulses can be very short in the time domain. We also wantto achieve a high SNR gain that is a measurement of how well the adaptive filterreduces the noise.We have investigated two adaptive algorithms, the recursive least square (RLS)algorithm and the least mean square (LMS) algorithm. We found out that the LMSalgorithm was more suitable for noise cancellation in radar applications due to its lowcomplexity and stability compared to RLS algorithm. The LMS algorithm gave SNRgains in the span 14-20 dB for different radar pulses.

In the last decade acoustic noise has become more and more regarded as a problem. In cars, boats, trains and aircraft, low-frequency noise reduces comfort. Lightweight materials and more powerful engines are used in high-speed vehicles, resulting in a general increase in interior noise levels. Low-frequency noise is annoying and during periods of long exposure it causes fatigue and discomfort. The masking effect which low-frequency noise has on speech reduces speech intelligibility. Low-frequency noise is sought to be attenuated in a wide range of applications in order to improve comfort and speech intelligibility. The use of conventional passive methods to attenuate low-frequency noise is often impractical since considerable bulk and weight are required; in transportation large weight is associated with high fuel consumption. In order to overcome the problems of ineffective passive suppression of low-frequency noise, the technique of active noise control has become of considerable interest. The fundamental principle of active noise control is based on secondary sources producing ``anti-noise.'' Destructive interference between the generated and the primary sound fields results in noise attenuation. Active noise control systems significantly increase the capacity for attenuating low-frequency noise without major increase in volume and weight. This doctoral dissertation deals with the topic of active noise control within the passenger cabin in aircraft, and within headsets. The work focuses on methods, controller structures and adaptive algorithms for attenuating tonal low-frequency noise produced by synchronized or moderately synchronized propellers generating beating sound fields. The control algorithm is a central part of an active noise control system. A multiple-reference feedforward controller based on the novel actuator-individual normalized Filtered-X Least-Mean-Squares algorithm is introduced, yielding significant attenuation of such period noise. This algorithm is of the LMS-type, and owing to the novel normalization it can also be regarded as a Newton-type algorithm. The new algorithm combines low computational complexity with high performance. For that reason the algorithm is suitable for use in systems with a large number of control sources and control sensors in order to reduce the computional power required by the control system. The computational power of the DSP hardware is limited, and therefore algorithms with high computational complexity allow fewer control sources and sensors to be used, often with reduced noise attenuation as a result. In applications, such as controlling aircraft cabin noise, where a large multiple-channel system is needed to control the relative complex interior sound field, it is of great importance to keep down the computational complexity of the algorithm so that a large number of loudspeakers and microphones can be used. The dissertation presents theoretical work, off-line computer experiments and practical real-time experiments using the actuator-individual normalized algorithm. The computer experiments are principally based on real-life cabin noise data recorded during flight in a twin-engine propeller aircraft and in a helicopter. The practical experiments were carried out in a full-scale fuselage section from a propeller aircraft.
Buller i vår dagliga miljö kan ha en negativ inverkan på vår hälsa. I många sammanhang, i tex bilar, båtar och flygplan, förekommer lågfrekvent buller. Lågfrekvent buller är oftast inte skadligt för hörseln, men kan vara tröttande och försvåra konversationen mellan personer som vistas i en utsatt miljö. En dämpning av bullernivån medför en förbättrad taluppfattbarhet samt en komfortökning. Att dämpa lågfrekvent buller med traditionella passiva metoder, tex absorbenter och reflektorer, är oftast ineffektivt. Det krävs stora, skrymmande absorbenter för att dämpa denna typ av buller samt tunga skiljeväggar för att förhindra att bullret transmitteras vidare från ett utrymme till ett annat. Metoder som är mera lämpade vid dämpning av lågfrekvent buller är de aktiva. De aktiva metoderna baseras på att en vågrörelse som ligger i motfas med en annan överlagras och de släcker ut varandra. Bullerdämpningen erhålls genom att ett ljudfält genereras som är lika starkt som bullret men i motfas med detta. De aktiva bullerdämpningsmetoderna medför en effektiv dämpning av lågfrekvent buller samtidigt som volymen, tex hos bilkupen eller båt/flygplanskabinen ej påverkas nämnvärt. Dessutom kan fordonets/farkostens vikt reduceras vilket är tacksamt för bränsleförbrukningen. I de flesta tillämpningar varierar bullrets karaktär, dvs styrka och frekvensinnehåll. För att följa dessa variationer krävs ett adaptivt (självinställande) reglersystem som styr genereringen av motljudet. I propellerflygplan är de dominerande frekvenserna i kabinbullret relaterat till propellrarnas varvtal, man känner alltså till frekvenserna som skall dämpas. Man utnyttjar en varvtalssignal för att generera signaler, så kallade referenssignaler, med de frekvenser som skall dämpas. Dessa bearbetas av ett reglersystem som generar signaler till högtalarna som i sin tur generar motljudet. För att ställa in högtalarsignalerna så att en effektiv dämpning erhålls, används mikrofoner utplacerade i kabinen som mäter bullret. För att åstadkomma en effektiv bullerdämpning i ett rum, tex i en flygplanskabin, behövs flera högtalare och mikrofoner, vilket kräver ett avancerat reglersystem. I doktorsavhandlingen ''Active Control of Propeller-Induced Noise in Aircraft'' behandlas olika metoder för att reducera kabinbuller härrörande från propellrarna. Här presenteras olika strukturer på reglersystem samt beräkningsalgoritmer för att ställa in systemet. För stora system där många högtalare och mikrofoner används, samt flera frekvenser skall dämpas, är det viktigt att systemet inte behöver för stor beräkningskapacitet för att generera motljudet. Metoderna som behandlas ger en effektiv dämpning till låg beräkningskostnad. Delar av materialet som presenteras i avhandlingen har ingått i ett EU-projekt med inriktning mot bullerundertryckning i propellerflygplan. I projektet har flera europeiska flygplanstillverkare deltagit. Avhandlingen behandlar även aktiv bullerdämpning i headset, som används av helikopterpiloter. I denna tillämpning har aktiv bullerdämpning används för att öka taluppfattbarheten.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
In this paper, implemented a new lter similar to the LMS, but, with a coast function based in the sum of the error. As a result, we obtain a very simple function, producing a rapid convergence and a small mismatch when compared with the LMS algorithm and other algorithms. The adaptive lter is based on non-linear functions such as estimation of the gradient of a surface performance. We use the gradient algorithm to update the weights. this update is based on high-order statistics to obtain information about the signs involved in the process, in order to improve the performace of the adaptive lter. Derive the equations based on Taylor series of non-linear functions, to achieve the criteria that ensures their convergence. We also do a weight vector covariance study in steady state and determine the equations that calculate the time constants in an adaptive process. Here the algorithm proposed, which uses a cost function and were made simulacoes Monte Carlo with real signals to validate the theory presented. In this role the α coefficients have been optimized to provide increased stability and better performance in its convergence speed.
Neste trabalho, implementamos um novo filtro semelhante ao LMS, porém, com uma função de custo baseada na soma do erro. Como resultado, obtemos uma função bastante simples, produzindo uma rápida convergência e um pequeno desajuste quando comparado com o algoritmo LMS e com outros algoritmos. O filtro adaptativo é baseado em funções não lineares como estimativa do gradiente de uma superfície de desempenho. Utilizamos o gradiente do algoritmo para atualização dos pesos. Essa atualização baseia-se nas estatísticas de alta ordem para obtenção de informações sobre os sinais envolvidos no processo, com o objetivo de melhorar a performance do filtro adaptativo. As equações foram derivadas e baseadas em séries de Taylor das funções não lineares, para obtenção dos critérios que garante a sua convergência. Também fazemos um estudo da covariância do vetor peso em regime estacionário e determinamos as equações que calculam as constantes de tempo em um processo adaptativo. Apresentamos o algoritmo proposto, que utiliza uma função de custo onde foram feitas simulações de Monte Carlo com sinais reais para validar a teoria apresentada. Nessa função os coe cientes αk foram otimizados para dar maior estabilidade e melhor desempenho na sua velocidade de convergência.

Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica.
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E-Learning tem vindo a ganhar popularidade como forma de transmissão de conhecimentos a nível educacional graças aos avanços nas tecnologias, como por exemplo, a Internet. Instituições como universidades e empresas têm vindo a usar E-Learning para a transmissão de conteúdos educacionais para locais remotos estendendo o seu alcance a estudantes e colaboradores que estão fisicamente distantes. Sistemas chamados “Learning Management Systems”, como o Moodle, existem para organizar E-Learning. Eles oferecem plataformas online onde professores e educadores podem publicar conteúdo, organizar actividades, fazer avaliações, e outro tipo de ações relacionadas, de modo a que os estudantes possam aprender e serem avaliados. Estes sistemas geram e guardam muitos dados relacionados não só com o seu uso, mas também relacionados com notas de estudantes. Este tipo de dados são frequentemente chamados de Dados Educacionais. Métodos de Data Mining são aplicados a estes dados de modo a fazer suposições não triviais. As técnicas aplicadas tomam inspiração de projectos semelhantes no campo da Data Mining Educacional. Este campo consiste na aplicação de métodos de Data Mining a Dados Educacionais. Neste projecto, um repositório de dados do Moodle da Universidade de Évora foi explorado. Técnicas de aprendizagem supervisionada são aplicadas aos dados de modo a mostrar como é possível prever o sucesso de estudantes a partir do seu uso do Moodle. Métodos de aprendizagem não supervisionada são também aplicados de modo a mostrar como há divisões nos dados; Abstract: E-Learning has been rising in popularity as a way to deliver training due to the advancements of technologies, like the Internet. Institutions such as universities and companies have been making use of E-Learning to deliver training to remote locations extending their reach to students and employees who are physically distant. Systems called Learning Management Systems, like Moodle, exist to organize E-Learning. They provide online platforms where professors and educators can publish content, organize activities, perform evaluations, and so on, in order for students to learn and get evaluated. These systems generate and store lots of data regarding not only their usage, but also regarding the grades of students. This kind of data is often referred too as Educational Data. Data Mining techniques are applied to this data in order to make non trivial assumptions. The techniques applied take inspiration from similar projects within the field of Educational Data Mining. This field consists in applying Data Mining Techniques to Education Data. In this project, a data repository from the Moodle of the University of Évora is explored. Supervised learning techniques are applied to this data in order to show how it is possible to make predictions about the success of students based on their usage of Moodle. Unsupervised learning techniques are also applied in order to show how data is divisible.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In this dissertation we present a research in aspects of stochastic modeling, convergence and applications of least mean square (LMS) algorithm, normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm and proportionate normalized least mean square (PNLMS) algorithm. Specifically, the aim is to address the LMS algorithm in your extension, defining his concepts, demonstrations of properties, algorithms and analysis of convergence, Learning Curve and Misadjustment of the algorithm in question. Within of the context of sensor networks and spatial filtering is evaluated the performance of the algorithms by the learning curve of the referred algorithms for arrangements of adaptive antennas. In the intrinsic context of the application in electrical engineering, in area of telecommunications that seek the best alternative and aims to optimize the process of transmission/reception to eliminate interference, and the least amount of elements in adaptive antenna arrays, which they are known as smart antenna, which aims to reach a signal noise ratio for small value, with appropriate number of elements. The performance of the LMS algorithm is evaluated in sensor networks that is characterized by an antenna array. Results of computer simulations for different scenarios of operation show that the algorithms have good numerical results of convergence to a suitable choice of the parameters related with the rate of learning that are associated with their average curves and the beamforming of the smart antenna array.
Nesta dissertação de mestrado apresenta-se uma investigação em aspectos de modelagem estocástica, convergência e aplicações dos algoritmos de mínimos quadrados médio (LMS), mínimos quadrados médio normalizado (NLMS) e mínimos quadrados médio normalizado proporcional (PNLMS). Particularmente, aborda-se o Algoritmo LMS em sua extensão, definindo conceitos, demonstrações de propriedades, algoritmos e análise de convergência, Curva de Aprendizagem e Desajuste do referido algoritmo. Dentro do contexto de redes de sensores e filtragem espacial avalia-se o desempenho dos algoritmos por meio da curva de aprendizagem dos referidos algoritmos para os arranjos de antenas adaptativas. No contexto intrínseco da aplicação em engenharia elétrica, isto é, na área de telecomunicações procura-se a melhor alternativa e almeja-se a otimização do processo de transmissão/recepção para eliminar interferências e a menor quantidade de elementos em arranjos de antenas adaptativas, que são conhecidas como antenas inteligentes, e que tem como objetivo atingir uma relação Sinal Ruído para valor pequeno, com número adequado de elementos. O desempenho do algoritmo LMS é avaliado em redes de sensores que é caracterizada por um arranjo de antenas. Resultados de simulações computacionais para diferentes cenários de operação mostram que os algoritmos apresentam bons resultados numéricos de convergência para uma escolha adequada dos parâmetros relacionados com a taxa de aprendizagem que são associadas com suas curvas médias e com a conformação de feixes do arranjo em antenas inteligentes.

The development of the web has become an attractive area, with continuously and rapid development in the area it has led to a big change in the way of learning. Learning is a concept with many definitions, but a definition that is many at hand is that learning means that individuals seeking new knowledge and experiences that shape their goals, behavior and environment. With the development of the web a new way of learning emerged, E-learning. E-learning integrates information technology with the traditional learning to offers a flexible way of learning for students where they won't be dependent on time, place or others issues that would prevent their learning.   E-learning takes shape of an application, LMS (Learning Management System). Today LMS are widely used in many universities, but with new technique comes new problems. The constant developments of the LMS have made the decision to use LMS difficult. A student may be faced with many different LMS during their study period which will lead to confusion and issues instead of enhancing their learning.   Another problem is that the professors and staff of the university will also get affected by the LMS, the professors tends to rely and use the traditional ways of teaching rather than embracing the new technique and make use of it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the problem area and propose how the LMS situation in Linnaeus University can improve and lead to an enhanced E-learning for the students of the university.   A survey was made to locate the problem area, LMS situation and what requirements and needs the student have for a LMS. The result was many different LMS is being used by the students, we have therefor based on our findings these 3 pillars that should be considered for an LMS, collaboration, communication and tools and features, together with Rosenberg's list of 11 core features is needed to satisfy the students and lead to an improved LMS and enhanced E-learning.
I och med att webbutvecklingen blivit ett lockande område som oavbrutet utvecklas i hög hastighet förändrar det också samtidigt hur lärande tidigare sett ut.  Lärande är ett begrepp med många definitioner, men en definition som ligger många tillhands är att lärande innebär att individen söker nya kunskaper och erfarenhet som tillslut formar deras mål, beteende och miljö. Tillsammans med webben har en ny form av lärande uppkommit, nämligen e-lärandet. E-lärandet innebär ett utformande av det traditionella lärandet tillsammans med informationsteknologin för att skapa ett flexibelt lärande, där studenterna kan skaffa sig nya kunskaper i egen tid, takt och vartsomhelst.   E-lärandet gestaltas i form av det som kallas LMS (Learning Management systems) eller lärplattformar. I många av dagens universitet är många lärplattformar implementerade, men ett problem har dock varit valet av rätt lärplattform till rätt kurs, eftersom att dessa lärplattformar hela tiden utvecklas och nya tekniker uppstår. Ibland händer det att studenter använder sig utav flera olika lärplattformar under en termin, vilket skapar problem.  Ett annat problem har också varit att många lärare tenderar att förlita sig på gamla metoder hellre än att använda sig utav en plattform. Därför har syftet med detta examensarbete varit att utreda problemområden och föreslå hur lärplattformssituationen vid Linnéuniversitetet kan förbättras samt undersöka om det kunde bidra med ett förbättrat e-lärandet för studenterna på Linneuniversitet.   Via en enkät fick man reda på problemområden, lärplattformssituationen och vilka funktioner och verktyg som saknades på lärplattformarna. Studenterna använde sig utav olika lärplattformar beroende på vilken kurs de läste, men många bland dem var nöjda med de lärplattformar de hade erfarenhet utav.   För att lärplattformssituationen ska förbättras och bidra till ett förbättrat e-lärandet för studenterna har vi därför utifrån studenternas behov och det teoretiska perspektivet tagit upp tre perspektiv, samverkan, kommunikation samt verktyg och funktioner. Dessa perspektiv tillsammans med Rosenbergs elva kärnfunktioner över hur en lärplattform skall utformas anser vi vara tillräckliga för ett förbättrat lärplattform och e-lärandet.

O estudo da substantividade de uma composição aromática/fragrância em pele em função do ciclo menstrual é de relevância científica, pois a literatura científica menciona, sem conclusões significativas, que os hormônios sexuais manifestam inúmeros efeitos fisiológicos na pele e de percepção olfativa, principalmente nas fases ovulatória e lútea comparadas às demais fases do ciclo menstrual. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar se os hormônios sexuais influenciam na sensibilidade olfativa e, se as alterações fisiológicas na pele afetam a performance da fragrância durante o ciclo menstrual. Para tanto, foi empregada a avaliação sensorial e determinada a escala de magnitude categórica LMS (escala de magnitude com rótulos) para a quantificação da intensidade de perfume no experimento. O estudo da estabilidade normal da composição aromática definiu a melhor composição para a fase experimental. O estudo clínico foi realizado em quatro fases do ciclo menstrual (menstrual, folicular, ovulatória e lútea) e, cada uma, a intensidade de perfume foi avaliada em 5 tempos experimentais (inicial; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6h). Em paralelo, foram analisadas as medidas biomecânicas da pele (perda de água transepidérmica, corneometria e sebumetria) e um indivíduo do sexo masculino foi considerado como controle de pele no estudo. As medidas biomecânicas não foram significativas para influenciar na sensiblidade olfativa. A percepção foi maior na fase lútea quando a mulher avaliava sua pele e menor quando avaliava a pele do homem em relação às outras fases. Conclui-se que os hormônios sexuais afetaram a sensibilidade olfativa em diferentes fases do ciclo, porém as alterações fisiológicas provavelmente não interferiram na percepção olfativa e este fato nos orienta para o desenvolvimento de fragrâncias e instiga à pesquisa de matérias-primas aromáticas que influenciam no comportamento da mulher ou até mesmo na atração entre os sexos.
The Substantivity study of the aromatic composition/fragrance on the skin in function of menstrual cycle is the big issue because of the scientific literature says, with no significant conclusions, which the sex hormones demonstrate wide physiologic effects in the skin and in the olfactory perception, particularly, in the ovulatory and luteal phases versus other ones of the menstrual cycle. The aim of this study was to investigate if the sex hormones influence on the olfactory perception and their physiologic effects in the skin might change the fragrance performance during the menstrual cycle. Thus it was employed a sensory evaluation and was defined the LMS scale (labeled magnitude scale) to score the fragrance intensity in the assessment. The stability test defined the best aromatic composition/fragrance to the experiment. The clinical study was conducted in four phases of the menstrual cycle (menstrual, follicular, ovulatory and luteal) and, each one, the perfume intensity was evaluated in 5 experimental times (initial, 1,5h, 3,0h, 4,5h and 6h) in parallel with the bioengineer measurement of the skin (transepidermal water loss, moisturizing and sebum content) and a man was considered a skin control in the experiment. The bioengineer measurement was no significant to influence the olfactory perception; however, the fragrance perception in the luteal phase was higher when the woman evaluated her skin and lower when she evaluated man skin in comparison to the other phases. In summary, the sex hormones influenced the olfactory perception in different phases of the menstrual cycle; however, the skin physiologic effects did not affect the olfactory perception probably and this issue helps to development fragrances and instigates to discover aromatic raw materials that influence woman behavior or even the sex attraction.

Objective of this diploma work was to study methods of adaptive filtering and their use in suppression of noise in biological signals. Adaptive filtering represents effective means of suppression of parasitic nonstationary disturbances in a useful signal. The task was to design various types of adaptive filters and implement an adaptation algorithm in Matlab programming environment. It namely included suppression of powerline noise at 50 Hz and 100 Hz in ECG signals with minimization useful components disturbing. The realized filters were verified on real ECH signals and their efficiency was evaluated.

The purpose of this thesis is to describe gas turbine LMS 100 multipurpose characteristics, as a backup power supply in case of black-outs, and in terms of energy use for cogeneration with its economics.

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Com a crescente sofisticação dos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, a aprendizagem online tem à sua disposição recursos que proporcionam um ensino com mais eficácia. É importante ressaltar, que as atividades de colaboração podem ser ampliadas nos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, desde que, os elementos de percepção social estejam dispostos e permitam os participantes compartilharem saberes e experiências. A utilização e familiarização de ferramentas tecnológicas, que permitam explorar oportunidades para a colaboração e engajamento dos participantes de diversas formas, conduzem ao aprendizado coletivo. Além, de motivarem a prática das suas habilidades e competências, e de permitirem à re-elaboração e construção conjunta de novos conhecimentos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estabelecer requisitos relacionados aos fenômenos de percepção social e de colaboração no LMS Amadeus. Esta pesquisa teve caráter exploratório com abordagem qualitativa. O procedimento metodológico aplicado neste trabalho consistiu na interação com o ambiente, aplicação de questionários, realização de grupo focal, gravação em vídeo e observação. Os participantes são alunos do último ano do curso técnico do IFPE Campus Belo Jardim. Foram identificadas necessidades e os resultados obtidos sinalizam que as funcionalidades dos elementos de percepção social do LMS Amadeus, precisam ser complementadas, e que outros elementos necessitam ser integrados

Mestrado em Comunicação multimédia
O presente estudo pretende apurar quais as expectativas dos clientes do Formare® LMS quanto à remodelação da actual biblioteca digital da plataforma. Esta remodelação pretende aproximar a presente biblioteca digital de uma biblioteca 2.0, que integre componentes baseadas nos ideais projectados pelo conceito Web 2.0. Pretende ainda compreender quais as ferramentas e funcionalidades mais adequadas para esta nova biblioteca digital, no caso da educação a distância em contexto empresarial. Esta investigação foi feita em contexto empresarial na PT Inovação, SA, uma empresa que desenvolve e comercializa uma plataforma de educação a distância, o Formare® LMS. Para tentar atingir os objectivos propostos, foi feito um levantamento do estado da arte neste contexto, de maneira a compreender os conceitos fulcrais da área em causa, como Web 2.0, biblioteca digital e educação a distância. Foram recolhidas as opiniões de cinco clientes da plataforma Formare® LMS, de forma a facilitar a compreensão da sua utilização da biblioteca digital actual e das suas necessidades e expectativas quanto a uma eventual nova biblioteca. Foram também elaborados esboços de interfaces para a nova biblioteca, de maneira a recolher opiniões por parte dos clientes. A partir destes dados, foi desenhado um protótipo de uma nova biblioteca digital, que foi conceptualizado e implementado em diferentes fases de acordo com as sugestões recolhidas, tanto dos clientes como da empresa fornecedora da plataforma. A análise dos resultados obtidos aponta para um leque variado de expectativas, sendo que os clientes envolvidos no estudo se encontram em diferentes sectores do mercado. Alguns encontram-se preparados para uma biblioteca 2.0 no contexto da sua formação profissional, enquanto outros claramente ainda não. Alguns dos entrevistados não utilizam de todo a actual biblioteca digital, por não se consideram ainda numa fase onde este tipo de ferramenta leve a benefícios no seu processo formativo. Ao longo do desenvolvimento do protótipo, todas estas opiniões foram tomadas em conta, de maneira a tentar criar algo que integrasse as principais funcionalidades identificadas como estando em falta. Em conclusão, a actual biblioteca digital do Formare® LMS não cumpre as necessidades dos clientes que a utilizam, e deve ser alterada de maneira a tornar-se mais aliciante e próxima das necessidades formativas de hoje. É possível que tais alterações possam atrair os que ainda não utilizam a biblioteca digital, levando-os a experimentá-la e a começar a integrá-la nas suas metodologias de ensino a distância. ABSTRACT: This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the expectations of Formare® LMS's users concerning the remodelling of the platformʼs current digital library. This renovation aims to bring the present digital library closer to a library 2.0, a library that includes features based on the Web 2.0 concept. The study also intends to help comprehend which tools and features are more adequate for this new digital library, in the context of distance education in profession training. This investigation was carried out in a company-based context, at PT Inovação, SA, the company that produces and supplies the Formare® LMS platform. In order to accomplish the planned goals, research was done to understand key concepts like Web 2.0, digital library and distance education, and also to understand the state of the art in this area. Opinions of five of Formare®'s clients were collected, in order to aid the understanding of their use of the present digital library, and of their needs and expectations towards a new one. Sketches of possible interfaces for the new library were also shown to these clients, and based on their feedback, a prototype was conceptualized and implemented. The opinions of the company as a supplier of the platform were also taken into account during this process. The analysis of the results gathered point towards a large variation in the needs and expectations of those inquired, seeing as the clients who participated in the study belonged to different sectors of the market. This being, some of them are ready to use a library 2.0 in their training context, whilst others are clearly not yet in that situation. Some of those interviewed do not even use the current digital library, as they think they are not at a phase where it is useful enough to include in their training methodologies. During the development of the prototype, all the opinions gathered had to be taken into account, in order to attempt to create something that includes the main features identified as missing. In conclusion, the present digital library of the Formare® LMS platform does not meet the needs of those who actually use it, and must be changed in order to become more engaging and to keep up with today's educational needs. Perhaps these changes will entice those who do not yet make use of the digital library to experiment with it and begin using it as part of their distance education processes.

Uppsala University (UU) is a complex institution, which combines geographically disparate campuses, as well as distance education programs and metropolitan sites for international students. Like many other universities, UU is currently reviewing its e­learning and Learning Management Systems (LMS) situation. In effect, signalling the desire for a strategic change in the future management of learning and teaching arrangement. This thesis analyzes UU’s strategic position and current drivers of change from a LMS and e­learning perspective. Conclusions drawn on the results suggests both retarding and accelerating measure for effective LMS and e­learning engagement. The author contend that adoption of a LMS systems is likely to enhance an e­learning situation if engaged with indicated drivers of change. Illuminating potential LMS transition process, including summation for the upcoming transition.

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As dificuldades e as limitações dos Learning Management Systems (LMS) em interoperar com outras tecnologias tem sido um tema recorrente na literatura. É sabido que mesmo com todo o suporte oferecido por esses ambientes na condução das atividades de aprendizagem, existe uma lacuna relacionada à percepção dos professores e tutores sobre as atividades que são realizadas pelos aprendizes quando estes encontram-se fora deles. Diante desse cenário, o frequente uso de instrumentos ou ferramentas utilizadas por estes permitiram que um conceito emergente denominado Personal Learning Environments (PLE) surgisse e fosse caracterizado como um contexto educacional. Esse contexto permite aos aprendizes a executarem atividades de aprendizagem independente das planejadas nos ambientes formais de ensino fornecendo a eles autonomia para a execução e gerenciamento de suas atividades de aprendizagem. Professores e tutores de cursos baseados em LMS têm utilizado unicamente as ferramentas disponíveis nos LMS para o acompanhamento e avaliação dos aprendizes. Ademais, esses utilizam frequentemente o paradigma da avaliação formativa no intuito de averiguar o desempenho dos aprendizes baseado exclusivamente nas atividades realizadas dentro dos LMS. Sendo assim, esta tese tem como objetivo a concepção, desenvolvimento e avaliação de um serviço denominado de “Serviço de Acompanhamento Formativo”, cujo propósito é identificar atividades de aprendizagem informais que são realizadas fora dos ambientes LMS que podem ser integradas ao processo de avaliação ou de acompanhamento de atividades. A proposta metodológica foi delineada sob os princípios e recomendações do Design Thinking de Serviços formada por quatro fases a saber: exploração, criação, reflexão e implementação. Os participantes envolvidos no processo de concepção e desenvolvimento foram de 134 usuários, sendo 75 professores e tutores e 49 aprendizes, todos pertencentes a diferentes instituições e grupos de discussão especializados no Brasil. A avaliação do serviço foi dividida em três fases: a primeira avaliou a expectativa, na segunda foram propostas cinco tarefas a serem executadas por cada avaliador, e por fim, na terceira foi a avaliada a experiência do uso do serviço. Esse processo contou com 13 especialistas onde foram examinados 28 itens sobre o serviço proposto. Os resultados obtidos atestam que o serviço proposto apresentou um grau satisfatório de consistente em relação ao interesse de professores e tutores a fazerem uso em suas atividades. Além disso, permite que os mesmos possam, por meio do serviço, refletirem sobre suas ações docentes e de tutoria e, assim diligenciar ações assertivas na condução de uma disciplina ou curso, sejam estas do ponto de vista individual ou coletivo. As recomendações de melhoria resultantes da avaliação foram implementadas, permitindo a geração de uma nova versão do serviço alinhada as necessidades reais dos professores e tutores.
The difficulties and limitations of the Learning Management Systems (LMS) in interoperating with other technologies have been a recurrent topic in the literature. It is known that even with all the support which is offered by these environments in conducting the learning activities, there is a gap related to the perception of teachers and tutors over activities done by the learners when they are out of the environments. Before this scenario, the regular use of instruments or tools used by them allowed that an emerging concept named Personal Learning Environments (PLE) to arise and to be characterised as an educational context. This context allows learners to execute learning activities independent from the ones planned in the formal learning environments; providing them autonomy to the execution and management of their own learning activities. Teachers and tutors of LMS based courses have only been using the available tools in the LMS to accompaniment and evaluation of their learners. Furthermore, they often use formative assessment paradigm in order to investigate the learners development based exclusively in the activities done in the LMS field. In that case, this thesis aimed the conception, development and evaluation of a service named “Formative Accompaniment Service”, which purpose is to identify informal learning activities that are done outside the LMS environments which are able to be integrated to the evaluation process or even activity accompaniment. The methodology proposed was designed under the principles and recommendations of the “Service Design Thinking” which are made of four phases, as it follows: exploration, creation, reflection and implementation. The participants involved in the process of conception and development added up to 134 users, 75 teachers and tutors and 49 learners, they belonged to different institutions and specialised discussion groups in Brazil. The evaluation of the service was divided into three phases: the first evaluated the expectation, in the second it was proposed five tasks to be executed by each evaluator, and eventually, in the third, it was evaluated the experience to use the service. This process counted with 13 experts that examined 28 items about the proposed service. The results got with it assure that the proposed service showed a satisfactory level of consistence related to the interest of teachers and tutors in doing it in their activities . Moreover, it allows that as using the service they are able to reflect over their actions as teachers and tutors and, in this way, strive for assertive actions in conducting a discipline or course, in an individual or collective point of view. The improving recommendations resulting of the evaluation were implemented, allowing the creation of a new version of service aligned with the real necessities of teachers and tutors.

This dissertation evaluates the artificial neural technique for evolving a smart antenna system. The AI techniques pose a challenging research in the field of communication. As such the antennas help to communicate with the digital processor to choose the desired signals and reject the others. It makes its own decision even to find the level of interferences and noises to be discarded by amplitude elimination process through the use of perceptron optimization algorithms like LMS (Least Mean Squares). This method helps to enhance the performance of signal processing efficiently. The design of hardware and software are quite complex. This is due to the fact, that the behaviour of the system is not fully understood being a real-time dependent system. This research work is carried only on software with certain simulated activity on beam-formation algorithm and as well, the system responses before and after using the adaptive algorithm. In this report, we try to concentrate to work on the method of adaptivity to make antenna adaptable to a virtual form of real-time environment. For, this reason a two-element antenna is used for simulation testing, as it is the most commonly used antenna for all purposes in communication. It is also tested on various scanning levels of rotation to determine the learning rate (a parameter that has no effect on the radiation output after using LMS) mean-square error rates and convergence analysis. For the purpose of above mentioned tests, three hypotheses are framed in relation to side-lobe reduction level above 5 decibels, the narrowing of the beam after adaptivity and finally the response of the main beam output for varying values of learning rate, respectivelty. The given research work, may comprehend good practical use of this LMS algorithm and also to indicate antenna patterns and the responses to adaptivity conditions through clarity in graphical format.

The method is influenced to reduce computational complexity and bring simplicity to the functionality of the antenna with more efficient and effective adaptivness. An effort to test theoretical concepts in practice is also been made in this thesis work. The results show that the antenna system can be made to evolve itself through the process of adaptation with simple behaviour by relying on artificial intelligence technique which ensures little supervision and human intereference. Eventually, it is understood that the reader should have possessed prior concepts, related to antennas, digital signal processing and its practical usage in artificially intelligent systems and as well the exceptions in it, since the work is explained in the direct level assuming so.

Mobile communication systems are undergoing significant development on increasingly wide frequency bands (5G in particular). To support this development, a detailed characterization of the propagation of electromagnetic waves in L, S and C band between a station (satellite, airborne or ground) and a mobile platform is necessary to analyze and model the phenomena that have a decisive impact on the performance, availability and operability of systems. The environments of interest are complex (urban environment for example) and include a wide range of different elements (buildings, pylons, trees etc.) that will have an impact on the signal received by a mobile in reception. These needs motivated the development of a simulator using an enhanced hybrid physicalstatistical model for Land Mobile Satellite (LMS) propagation Channel. This simulator has been developed by a PhD student and presented in [Ait+13]. This study has been conducted by the ONERA on behalf of the CNES. The Simplified CHannel for Urban Navigation (SCHUN) ensure a wideband characterization of the channel, with realistic multipath modelling and is dedicated to the testing of GNSS systems. However, this model must be validated in S and C bands and measurement campaigns have been carried out to compare simulated and experimental data. In this work, the data corresponding to a trajectory with alternatively LOS and NLOS situation in an urban canyon have been derived from a measurement campaign carried out in Saint-Lary in S and C frequency bands. The post-processing of the data performed in the S frequency band has been performed using a pre-existing algorithm implemented at ONERA relying upon acquisition and tracking signal processing principles of GNSS. This trajectory has been simulated along with its surroundings using SCHUN. The Channel Impulse Response has been computed to derive multipath characteristics. Comparisons have been made between simulations and experimental data and have shown great concordance. Future works would be first to extend this comparison to C-bands and then to statistically simulate a virtual city corresponding to the town in which the experiment has been carried out to complete the validation.
Mobila kommunikationssystem genomgår en betydande utveckling på allt bredare frekvensband (särskilt 5G). För att stödja denna utveckling krävs en detaljerad karakterisering av utbredningen av elektromagnetiska vågor i L-, S- och C-banden mellan en station (satellit, luftburen eller markbaserad) och en mobil plattform för att analysera och modellera de fenomen som har en avgörande inverkan på systemens prestanda, tillgänglighet och funktionsduglighet. De intressanta miljöerna är komplexa (t.ex. stadsmiljöer) och innehåller en mängd olika element (byggnader, master, träd osv.) som påverkar den signal som tas emot av en mobil i mottagning.  Dessa behov motiverade utvecklingen av en simulator som använder en förbättrad fysisk-statistisk hybridmodell för landmobila satellituppbredningskanaler (LMS). Denna simulator har utvecklats av en doktorand och presenteras i [Ait+13]. Denna studie har genomförts av ONERA på uppdrag av CNES. Simplified CHannel for Urban Navigation (SCHUN) säkerställer en bredbandig karakterisering av kanalen med realistisk multipath-modellering och är avsedd för testning av GNSS-system. Denna modell måste dock valideras i S- och C-banden och mätkampanjer har genomförts för att jämföra simulerade och experimentella data. I detta arbete har data som motsvarar en bana med alternativt LOS- och NLOS-situation i en urban canyon tagits fram från en mätkampanj som utfördes i Saint-Lary i S- och C-banden. Efterbearbetningen av data från S-frekvensbandet har utförts med hjälp av en befintlig algoritm som implementerats vid ONERA och som bygger på GNSS-signalbehandlingsprinciperna för förvärv och spårning. Denna bana har simulerats tillsammans med dess omgivningar med hjälp av SCHUN. Kanalimpulsresponsen har beräknats för att få fram egenskaperna för multipelväg. Jämförelser har gjorts mellan simuleringar och experimentella data och har visat stor överensstämmelse. Framtida arbeten skulle vara att först utvidga denna jämförelse till C-bandet och sedan statistiskt simulera en virtuell stad som motsvarar den stad där experimentet utfördes för att slutföra valideringen.

Adaptive Least Mean Square (LMS) equalizers are widely used in digital communication systems primarily for their ease of implementation and lack of dependence on a priori knowledge of input signal statistics. LMS equalizers exhibit non-Wiener characteristics in the presence of a strong narrowband interference and can outperform the optimal Wiener equalizer in terms of both mean square error (MSE) and bit error rate (BER). There has been significant work in the past related to the analysis of the non-Wiener characteristics of the LMS equalizer, which includes the discovery of the shift in the mean of the LMS weights from the corresponding Wiener weights and the modeling of steady state MSE performance. BER performance is ultimately a more practically relevant metric than MSE for characterizing system performance. The present work focuses on modeling the steady state BER performance of the normalized LMS (NLMS) equalizer operating in the presence of a strong narrowband interference. Initial observations showed that a 2 dB improvement in MSE may result in two orders of magnitude improvement in BER. However, some differences in the MSE and BER behavior of the NLMS equalizer were also seen, most notably the significant dependence (one order of magnitude variation) of the BER behavior on the interference frequency, a dependence not seen in MSE. Thus, MSE cannot be used as a predictor for the BER performance; the latter further motivates the pursuit of a separate BER model. The primary contribution of this work is the derivation of the probability density of the output of the NLMS equalizer conditioned on a particular symbol having been transmitted, which can then be leveraged to predict its BER performance. The analysis of the NLMS equalizer, operating in a strong narrowband interference environment, resulted in a conditional probability density function in the form of a Gaussian Sum Mixture (GSM). Simulation results verify the efficacy of the GSM expression for a wide range of system parameters, such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), interference-to-signal (ISR) ratio, interference frequency, and step-sizes over the range of mean-square stable operation of NLMS. Additionally, a low complexity approximate version of the GSM model is also derived and can be used to give a conservative lower bound on BER performance. A thorough analysis of the MSE and BER behavior of the Bi-scale NLMS equalizer (BNLMS), a variant of the NLMS equalizer, constitutes another important contribution of this work. Prior results indicated a 2 dB MSE improvement of BNLMS over NLMS in the presence of a strong narrowband interference. A closed form MSE model is derived for the BLMS algorithm. Additionally, BNLMS BER behavior was studied and showed the potential of two orders of magnitude improvement over NLMS. Analysis led to a BER model in the form of a GSM similar to the NLMS case but with different parameters. Simulation results verified that both models for MSE and BER provided accurate prediction of system performance for different combinations of SNR, ISR, interference frequency, and step-size. An enhanced GSM (EGSM) model to predict the BER performance for the NLMS equalizer is also introduced, specifically to address certain cases (low ISR cases) where the original GSM expression (derived for high ISR) was less accurate. Simulation results show that the EGSM model is more accurate in the low ISR region than the GSM expression. For the situations where the derived GSM expression was accurate, the BER estimates provided by the heuristic EGSM model coincided with those computed from the GSM expression. Finally, the two-interferer problem is introduced, where NLMS equalizer performance is studied in the presence of two narrowband interferers. Initial results show the presence of non-Wiener characteristics for the two-interferer case. Additionally, experimental results indicate that the BER performance of the NLMS equalizer operating in the presence of a single narrowband interferer may be improved by purposeful injection of a second narrowband interferer.
PHD

Australia's tertiary educational environment is changing; in the past decade, it has faced a new set of challenges and pressures (Cunningham et al., 1998) that are encroaching on the traditional definitions of what higher education is. These challenges often dictate the directions in which the tertiary education environment evolves into. Within the framework of institutional reforms, the adopted policies are often the best indicators of that transition. Flexible delivery or learning has been espoused as a means of meeting and mediating some of those challenges. With their emphasis on catering to the needs and expectations of the consumer in a consumerist society, flexible policies are becoming the norm in most institutes of higher learning. However, of interest within the structure of the flexible delivery approach is the development of learner management systems (LMS). The question is what are learner management systems? What do they represent and what do they offer to the learner that differentiates it from the traditional forms of learning? In its basic form, a learner management system is essentially a series of processes that are developed and organised so as to efficiently provide the learner with the required access and interaction required to facilitate his or her learning. However, what are the benefits of being aware of the capabilities and limitations afforded by such approaches? How does it contribute to the process of teaching and learning in the context of higher education? The effectiveness of how these learner management systems are used in context to its application in multimedia programmes is of importance. Institutions are progressively introducing similar learning systems into their delivery framework. The question as to whether a singular adaptive system or a customised option remains to be tested.

Australia's tertiary educational environment is changing; in the past decade, it has faced a new set of challenges and pressures (Cunningham et al., 1998) that are encroaching on the traditional definitions of what higher education is. These challenges often dictate the directions in which the tertiary education environment evolves into. Within the framework of institutional reforms, the adopted policies are often the best indicators of that transition. Flexible delivery or learning has been espoused as a means of meeting and mediating some of those challenges. With their emphasis on catering to the needs and expectations of the consumer in a consumerist society, flexible policies are becoming the norm in most institutes of higher learning. However, of interest within the structure of the flexible delivery approach is the development of learner management systems (LMS). The question is what are learner management systems? What do they represent and what do they offer to the learner that differentiates it from the traditional forms of learning? In its basic form, a learner management system is essentially a series of processes that are developed and organised so as to efficiently provide the learner with the required access and interaction required to facilitate his or her learning. However, what are the benefits of being aware of the capabilities and limitations afforded by such approaches? How does it contribute to the process of teaching and learning in the context of higher education? The effectiveness of how these learner management systems are used in context to its application in multimedia programmes is of importance. Institutions are progressively introducing similar learning systems into their delivery framework. The question as to whether a singular adaptive system or a customised option remains to be tested.

Tato práce je psaná v angličtině a je zaměřená na problematiku ekvalizace v digitálních komunikačních systémech. Teoretická část zahrnuje stručné pozorování různých způsobů návrhu ekvalizérů. Praktická část se zabývá implementací nejčastěji používaných ekvalizérů a s jejich adaptačními algoritmy. Cílem praktické části je porovnat jejich charakteristiky a odhalit činitele, které ovlivňují kvalitu ekvalizace. V rámci problematiky ekvalizace jsou prozkoumány tři typy ekvalizérů. Lineární ekvalizér, ekvalizér se zpětnou vazbou a ML (Maximum likelihood) ekvalizér. Každý ekvalizér byl testován na modelu, který simuloval reálnou přenosovou soustavu s komplexním zkreslením, která je složena z útlumu, mezisymbolové interference a aditivního šumu. Na základě implenentace byli určeny charakteristiky ekvalizérů a stanoveno že optimální výkon má ML ekvalizér. Adaptační algoritmy hrají významnou roli ve výkonnosti všech zmíněných ekvalizérů. V práci je nastudována skupina stochastických algoritmů jako algoritmus nejmenších čtverců(LMS), Normalizovaný LMS, Variable step-size LMS a algoritmus RLS jako zástupce deterministického přístupu. Bylo zjištěno, že RLS konverguje mnohem rychleji, než algoritmy založené na LMS. Byly nastudovány činitele, které ovlivnili výkon popisovaných algoritmů. Jedním z důležitých činitelů, který ovlivňuje rychlost konvergence a stabilitu algoritmů LMS je parametr velikosti kroku. Dalším velmi důležitým faktorem je výběr trénovací sekvence. Bylo zjištěno, že velkou nevýhodou algoritmů založených na LMS v porovnání s RLS algoritmy je, že kvalita ekvalizace je velmi závislá na spektrální výkonové hustotě a a trénovací sekvenci.

Utbildning och undervisning har förändrats genom tiderna och många olika redskap har använts. Digitala lärplattformar är ett av dessa redskap. KTH:s lärandemiljö har utvidgats med en digitallärplattform, där Canvas är en del. KTH:s instans av Canvas förvaltas inom vad som benämns förvaltningsobjektet e-lärande (Institutionenför lärande (1), 2020).Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur studenter på KTH som använder Canvas uppfattar den digitala lärandemiljön och speciellt Canvas. Frågeställningen som använts för studien är: Hur upplever studenterna Canvas funktionalitet i samband med sina studier? Hjälpmedel för att förmedla kunskap har tagit steget från att endast vara i den fysiska världen till att delvis ha flyttat in i den digitalavärlden. Detta ger flera nya möjligheter till kommunikation och anpassning. Datorernas och Internets intågande i vardagen och utbildning, har accelererat under den senaste tiden. Internet har kommit att bli ett självklart verktyg för kommunikation med varandra och omvärlden. Studenter tillbringar inte bara tid i den fysiska miljön utan även i den digitala. Förstadiet för den första centrala digitalaplattformen på KTH för lärande föddes på mitten av 90-talet i en av KTH:s egna kurser för att senare utvecklas till Bilda/PING PONG. Canvas är en digital lärplattform (engelska: LMS, Learning Management System) och kan användas för att aktivera studenterna i sina studier, bland annat med funktioner som automaträttade frågor (quiz), betygsuppföljning, diskussionsforum med mera. Övergången till Canvas, startades med ett pilottest hösten 2016 (Stenberg, 2017). Sverige har undertecknat Agenda 2030 målen vilket påverkar KTH som är ett svenskt statligt universitet. Det fjärde målet är det som framförallt är riktat till skolor, universitet och högskolor. "Mål 4.Säkerställa en inkluderande och likvärdig utbildning av god kvalitet och främja livslångt lärande för alla" (Agenda 2030, u.å., s. 12). Agenda 2030 går väl att koppla ihop med delat av KTH:s värdegrund (KTH, u.å.) samt KTH:s policy för hållbar utveckling (Policy förhållbar utveckling för KTH, u.å.) Denna rapport är en liten del på vägen mot dessa mål. För att ta reda på hur studenter uppfattar den digitala lärandemiljön med avseende på funktioner och navigation, har en sekventiell explorativ ansats med blandade metoder valts. Studien baseras på en förstudie med semistrukturerade intervjuer och en kvantitativ enkätundersökning. Förstudien utgjordes av fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer samt en tematisk analys av transkriberingen av dessa intervjuer. Även om det handlar ett bekvämlighetsurval (Denscombe, 2019) kan gruppen som urvalet gjordes ur anses som representativ, då samtliga utbildningar på alla KTH:s campus var representerade där. Detta gjorde att förstudien inte kunde ses som allmängiltig utan mer orienterande, för att veta vad som var intressant att undersöka vidare i en enkät. Grunden för enkätens frågor skapades utifrån en analys av förstudiens intervjuer. Tematisk analys har använts på både innehållet i transkriptionen av intervjuerna och på fritextsvaren i enkäten. För att få en snabb överblick skapades en färgning av resultaten. Avidentifierade transkriptioner av intervjuerna samt valet av enkätfrågor följer "principen om uppgiftsminimering" (allmän dataskyddsförordning, 2016/ 679 , Skäl 156). Förstudien identifierade två starka teman. Den med flest kodningar var "läsa och hantera filer" med och "Användning" med tre underteman vardera, dessa utgjorde grunden till påståendena i enkäten. Enkäten har 614 svar, vilket var 4,5 procent av 2019 års, 13 514 helårsstudenter. (KTH Årsredovisning 2019.pdf, u.å., s. 4). Svarsfrekvensen planade ut mot slutet av svarstiden vilket visar på en mättnad av svarsvilja hos studenterna. Sammanfattningsvis svarade flertalet att de hade en positiv upplevelse av Canvas och att de hjälper dem i deras studier. Generellt fanns det utmaningar i kommunikation både meddelanden och forum. Enkätsvaren tyder på åsikten att plattformen har potential till skillnad från informanterna i förstudien som var mer kritiska och frustrerade över systemet. Genom att komplettera den fysiska undervisningen kan studenten utvecklas mer kontinuerligt, då lärandet inte är låst till undervisningstimmarna. Lärplattformen är ett digitalt redskap i undervisningen, för att stödja studenterna i studierna. Forumet och direktmedelanden kan vara en möjlighet för studenterna att bryta isolationen av att studera på egen hand och att få stöd av både lärare och andra studenter. Genom inlämningsuppgifter och automaträttade frågor (quiz) kan studenten öva och få förstärkning på kunskapsinhämtningen. Digitala plattformar kan öka tillgängligheten, oavsett om studenten behöver talsyntes eller studerar bättre på olika tider på dygnet. Områdena med utmaningar är diskussionsforumet, Canvas meddelandefunktioner, filhantering: att snabbt och enkelt hitta dokument och filer samt att Canvas delvis bara används för de obligatoriska momenten. Ändå svarar studenterna sammantaget med en positiv ton i de flesta svaren på enkäten.
Education and teaching have evolved, and todays teaching environment utilises many different tools and methods. A digital learning platform, such as Canvas, is one of those tools. KTH:s instance of Canvas is administrated by E-learning management object (The Department of Learning in Engineering Sciences, u.å.). The aim of this study was to investigate how students at KTH, who use Canvas, perceive the digital learning environment, especially Canvas. The focus question used for the study is: How do students experience Canvas' functionality in conjunction with their studies? Tools for conveying knowledge have moved from existing only in the physical world to having partially moved into the digital world. This provides several new opportunities for communication and adaptation. The use of computers in everyday life and studies has accelerated recently. The computer has become an obvious tool for communication within the world. Student life is not limited to the physical environment; it has expanded to the digital one. The start for one of the first digital platforms for learning at KTH was born in the mid-90s in one of KTH:s own courses and later to become Bilda /PING PONG. Canvas is an LMS (Learning Management System) which can be used to support students in their studies, and includes functions such as quizzes, grade follow-up, discussion forums and more. The transition to Canvas began with a pilot test in the autumn of 2016 (Stenberg,2017). The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals is something that Sweden has signed, which in turn affects KTH as a Swedish state university. The fourth goal is that which is primarily aimed at schools, universities and colleges: Ensure an inclusive and equal education of good quality and promote lifelong learning for all (Agenda 2030, u.å.,s. 12). The goals go hand in hand with KTH:s values (KTH, u.å.) and KTH:s policy for sustainable development (Policy för hållbarutveckling för KTH, u.å.). This thesis is a small step on the path towards fulfilling those goals. In order to survey how students perceive their digital learning environment, with regard to functions and navigation, a sequential exploratory approach with mixed methods was used. This study contains a pre-study with semi-structured interviews and a quantitative survey. The pre-study consisted of four interviews and a thematic analysis of the transcription of the interviews. Even if the selection is made for convenience (Denscombe, 2019), the group from which the interviewed students were selected from had all branches at all KTH:s campuses represented. Therefore, the group could be considered representative. This meant that the pre-study could not be seen as universal but gave an indication of the direction for the survey. The majority of the survey's statements was created by the themes that emerged in the analysis of the pre-study interviews. Thematic analysis has been used on both the content of the transcript of the interviews and for the free text answers in the survey. To get a quick overview, an indicative colouring of the results was created. The source data was deidentified at the time of transcription and the questions for the survey were carefully selected so that "the principleof data minimisation" (GDPR, 2016/ 679 reason 156) was adhered to. The pre-study identified two strong themes: "read and manage files" and "Usage", each with three sub-themes. These formed the basis for the statements in the survey. The survey had 614 answers, accounting for 4.5 percent of the 13,514 full-time students in 2019 (KTH Årsredovisning 2019.pdf, u.å., s. 4). The response rate slowed down towards the end of the response time, which shows a saturation of students' willingness to respond. In summary, the majority responded with Canvas being a positive experience and that it helped them in their studies. In general, there were challenges in communication both in messaging and forumfunction. The survey results indicate that the students were quitepositive about the platform and thought the platform had potential, unlike the informants in the pre-study who were more critical and frustrated with the system. By extending the physical classroom with online resources, the student can continuously develop, as the tutoring is not confined to the teaching hours. The forum and direct messages can be an opportunity for students to break the isolation of studying on their own and to receive support from both teachers and other students. Through assignments and quizzes, the student can practice and gain reinforcement in the acquisition of knowledge. Digital platforms may increase accessibility, regardless of whether the student needs speech synthesis, or studies better at different times of the day. The areas with challenges are the discussion forum, ease and efficiency of retrieving documents and files, and Canvas messaging functions. In addition, the survey showed that some students only used Canvas for the mandatory steps. Nevertheless, the students answered with a positive tone in most of the survey.

Utbildning och undervisning har förändrats genom tiderna och många olika redskap har använts. Digitala lärplattformar är ett av dessa redskap. KTH:s lärandemiljö har utvidgats med en digitallärplattform, där Canvas är en del. KTH:s instans av Canvas förvaltas inom vad som benämns förvaltningsobjektet e-lärande (Institutionenför lärande (1), 2020).Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur studenter på KTH som använder Canvas uppfattar den digitala lärandemiljön och speciellt Canvas. Frågeställningen som använts för studien är: Hur upplever studenterna Canvas funktionalitet i samband med sina studier? Hjälpmedel för att förmedla kunskap har tagit steget från att endast vara i den fysiska världen till att delvis ha flyttat in i den digitalavärlden. Detta ger flera nya möjligheter till kommunikation och anpassning. Datorernas och Internets intågande i vardagen och utbildning, har accelererat under den senaste tiden. Internet har kommit att bli ett självklart verktyg för kommunikation med varandra och omvärlden. Studenter tillbringar inte bara tid i den fysiska miljön utan även i den digitala. Förstadiet för den första centrala digitalaplattformen på KTH för lärande föddes på mitten av 90-talet i en av KTH:s egna kurser för att senare utvecklas till Bilda/PING PONG. Canvas är en digital lärplattform (engelska: LMS, Learning Management System) och kan användas för att aktivera studenterna i sina studier, bland annat med funktioner som automaträttade frågor (quiz), betygsuppföljning, diskussionsforum med mera. Övergången till Canvas, startades med ett pilottest hösten 2016 (Stenberg, 2017). Sverige har undertecknat Agenda 2030 målen vilket påverkar KTH som är ett svenskt statligt universitet. Det fjärde målet är det som framförallt är riktat till skolor, universitet och högskolor. "Mål 4.Säkerställa en inkluderande och likvärdig utbildning av god kvalitet och främja livslångt lärande för alla" (Agenda 2030, u.å., s. 12). Agenda 2030 går väl att koppla ihop med delat av KTH:s värdegrund (KTH, u.å.) samt KTH:s policy för hållbar utveckling (Policy förhållbar utveckling för KTH, u.å.) Denna rapport är en liten del på vägen mot dessa mål. För att ta reda på hur studenter uppfattar den digitala lärandemiljön med avseende på funktioner och navigation, har en sekventiell explorativ ansats med blandade metoder valts. Studien baseras på en förstudie med semistrukturerade intervjuer och en kvantitativ enkätundersökning. Förstudien utgjordes av fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer samt en tematisk analys av transkriberingen av dessa intervjuer. Även om det handlar ett bekvämlighetsurval (Denscombe, 2019) kan gruppen som urvalet gjordes ur anses som representativ, då samtliga utbildningar på alla KTH:s campus var representerade där. Detta gjorde att förstudien inte kunde ses som allmängiltig utan mer orienterande, för att veta vad som var intressant att undersöka vidare i en enkät. Grunden för enkätens frågor skapades utifrån en analys av förstudiens intervjuer. Tematisk analys har använts på både innehållet i transkriptionen av intervjuerna och på fritextsvaren i enkäten. För att få en snabb överblick skapades en färgning av resultaten. Avidentifierade transkriptioner av intervjuerna samt valet av enkätfrågor följer "principen om uppgiftsminimering" (allmän dataskyddsförordning, 2016/ 679 , Skäl 156). Förstudien identifierade två starka teman. Den med flest kodningar var "läsa och hantera filer" med och "Användning" med tre underteman vardera, dessa utgjorde grunden till påståendena i enkäten. Enkäten har 614 svar, vilket var 4,5 procent av 2019 års, 13 514 helårsstudenter. (KTH Årsredovisning 2019.pdf, u.å., s. 4). Svarsfrekvensen planade ut mot slutet av svarstiden vilket visar på en mättnad av svarsvilja hos studenterna. Sammanfattningsvis svarade flertalet att de hade en positiv upplevelse av Canvas och att de hjälper dem i deras studier. Generellt fanns det utmaningar i kommunikation både meddelanden och forum. Enkätsvaren tyder på åsikten att plattformen har potential till skillnad från informanterna i förstudien som var mer kritiska och frustrerade över systemet. Genom att komplettera den fysiska undervisningen kan studenten utvecklas mer kontinuerligt, då lärandet inte är låst till undervisningstimmarna. Lärplattformen är ett digitalt redskap i undervisningen, för att stödja studenterna i studierna. Forumet och direktmedelanden kan vara en möjlighet för studenterna att bryta isolationen av att studera på egen hand och att få stöd av både lärare och andra studenter. Genom inlämningsuppgifter och automaträttade frågor (quiz) kan studenten öva och få förstärkning på kunskapsinhämtningen. Digitala plattformar kan öka tillgängligheten, oavsett om studenten behöver talsyntes eller studerar bättre på olika tider på dygnet. Områdena med utmaningar är diskussionsforumet, Canvas meddelandefunktioner, filhantering: att snabbt och enkelt hitta dokument och filer samt att Canvas delvis bara används för de obligatoriska momenten. Ändå svarar studenterna sammantaget med en positiv ton i de flesta svaren på enkäten.
Education and teaching have evolved, and todays teaching environment utilises many different tools and methods. A digital learning platform, such as Canvas, is one of those tools. KTH:s instance of Canvas is administrated by E-learning management object (The Department of Learning in Engineering Sciences, u.å.). The aim of this study was to investigate how students at KTH, who use Canvas, perceive the digital learning environment, especially Canvas. The focus question used for the study is: How do students experience Canvas' functionality in conjunction with their studies? Tools for conveying knowledge have moved from existing only in the physical world to having partially moved into the digital world. This provides several new opportunities for communication and adaptation. The use of computers in everyday life and studies has accelerated recently. The computer has become an obvious tool for communication within the world. Student life is not limited to the physical environment; it has expanded to the digital one. The start for one of the first digital platforms for learning at KTH was born in the mid-90s in one of KTH:s own courses and later to become Bilda /PING PONG. Canvas is an LMS (Learning Management System) which can be used to support students in their studies, and includes functions such as quizzes, grade follow-up, discussion forums and more. The transition to Canvas began with a pilot test in the autumn of 2016 (Stenberg,2017). The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals is something that Sweden has signed, which in turn affects KTH as a Swedish state university. The fourth goal is that which is primarily aimed at schools, universities and colleges: Ensure an inclusive and equal education of good quality and promote lifelong learning for all (Agenda 2030, u.å.,s. 12). The goals go hand in hand with KTH:s values (KTH, u.å.) and KTH:s policy for sustainable development (Policy för hållbarutveckling för KTH, u.å.). This thesis is a small step on the path towards fulfilling those goals. In order to survey how students perceive their digital learning environment, with regard to functions and navigation, a sequential exploratory approach with mixed methods was used. This study contains a pre-study with semi-structured interviews and a quantitative survey. The pre-study consisted of four interviews and a thematic analysis of the transcription of the interviews. Even if the selection is made for convenience (Denscombe, 2019), the group from which the interviewed students were selected from had all branches at all KTH:s campuses represented. Therefore, the group could be considered representative. This meant that the pre-study could not be seen as universal but gave an indication of the direction for the survey. The majority of the survey's statements was created by the themes that emerged in the analysis of the pre-study interviews. Thematic analysis has been used on both the content of the transcript of the interviews and for the free text answers in the survey. To get a quick overview, an indicative colouring of the results was created. The source data was deidentified at the time of transcription and the questions for the survey were carefully selected so that "the principleof data minimisation" (GDPR, 2016/ 679 reason 156) was adhered to. The pre-study identified two strong themes: "read and manage files" and "Usage", each with three sub-themes. These formed the basis for the statements in the survey. The survey had 614 answers, accounting for 4.5 percent of the 13,514 full-time students in 2019 (KTH Årsredovisning 2019.pdf, u.å., s. 4). The response rate slowed down towards the end of the response time, which shows a saturation of students' willingness to respond. In summary, the majority responded with Canvas being a positive experience and that it helped them in their studies. In general, there were challenges in communication both in messaging and forumfunction. The survey results indicate that the students were quitepositive about the platform and thought the platform had potential, unlike the informants in the pre-study who were more critical and frustrated with the system. By extending the physical classroom with online resources, the student can continuously develop, as the tutoring is not confined to the teaching hours. The forum and direct messages can be an opportunity for students to break the isolation of studying on their own and to receive support from both teachers and other students. Through assignments and quizzes, the student can practice and gain reinforcement in the acquisition of knowledge. Digital platforms may increase accessibility, regardless of whether the student needs speech synthesis, or studies better at different times of the day. The areas with challenges are the discussion forum, ease and efficiency of retrieving documents and files, and Canvas messaging functions. In addition, the survey showed that some students only used Canvas for the mandatory steps. Nevertheless, the students answered with a positive tone in most of the survey.

An asynchronous, single-chip, high-speed communication adaptive echo canceller was developed during this research. Adaptation is based on the LMS algorithm with power-of-two convergence factor. Cancellation is performed by a 128-coefficient adaptive finite impulse response filter whose coefficients are updated every cycle. The LMS power-of-two update equations were modified to allow a pipelined implementation. Pipelining the adaptation and echo estimation operations enabled hardware minimization, a high sampling rate, and no increase in convergence time. The resulting circuit updates the filter coefficients and generates the output at a sampling rate greater than 205 kHz. The chip was designed using 0.8 mum CMOS standard cells. The single-chip layout requires a die size of 9.25 mm by 7.25 mm.

Аналіз навчальних планів та програм підготовки інженерів-технологів показує, що сьогодні в Україні склалася стійка тенденція до зменшення обсягу аудиторних занять з технічних дисциплін, і тому на перший план виходить необхідність вирішення проблеми якісної організації самостійної роботи студента. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33289