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1
Gao, Yin-Zhu. "LJ-spaces." Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 57, no. 4 (December 2007): 1223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10587-007-0121-1.
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Pradhan, Sneha, Gokarna Raj Ghimire, and Shova Shrestha. "Effective use of Penicillin to Improve Culture Yield for Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology 6 (December 7, 2019): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tujm.v6i0.26592.
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Objective: To compare LJ media and LJ media with penicillin for the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and contamination, in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) suspected patients.
Methods: A total of 300 PTB suspected cases at National Tuberculosis center (NTC) for analyzed for culture and contamination. Early morning sputum samples were collected in sterile leak-proof falcon tube. Digestion, decontamination and homogenization of sputum were done using NALC-NaOH (Modified Petroff method). The sputum sample was processed on LJ media and penicillin added LJ media and incubated at 37. Cultures were examined after 8 weeks.
Results: All the PTB suspected cases were compared in LJ media and LJ media with penicillin, 29.7% (89) were positive, 21% (63) were contaminated on LJ media whereas 41% (123) were positive, 3.7 % (11) were contaminated on penicillin added LJ media. Also, 25 (8%) were 1+ grading, 14 (4.7%) were 2+ grading, whereas 81 (27%) and 45 (15%) were 3+ grading LJ + Penicillin and LJ media respectively.
Conclusion: Contamination was reduced by 17.3% with the addition of penicillin to LJ media. And isolation of total positive cultures was enhanced by 11.3%.
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Elango, Rajavel, Mohammad A. Humayun, Ronald O. Ball, and Paul B. Pencharz. "Reply to LJ Hoffer." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 95, no. 3 (March 1, 2012): 777–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.031815.
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Acuff, Robert V. "Reply to LJ Machlin." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/61.5.1170.
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Alemayehu, Adamu, Laura Breen, Drahomira Krenova, and Morton P. Printz. "Reciprocal rat chromosome 2 congenic strains reveal contrasting blood pressure and heart rate QTL." Physiological Genomics 10, no. 3 (September 3, 2002): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00065.2002.
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Evidence exists implying multiple blood pressure quantitative trait loci (QTL) on rat chromosome 2. To examine this possibility, four congenic strains and nine substrains were developed with varying size chromosome segments introgressed from the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR/lj) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY/lj) onto the reciprocal genetic background. Cardiovascular phenotyping was conducted with telemetry over extended periods during standard salt (0.7%) and high-salt (8%) diets. Our results are consistent with at least three independent pressor QTL: transfer of SHR/lj alleles to WKY/lj reveals pressor QTL within D2Rat21-D2Rat27 and D2Mgh10-D2Rat62, whereas transfer of WKY/lj D2Rat161-D2Mit8 to SHR/lj reveals a depressor locus. Our results also suggest a depressor QTL in SHR/lj located within D2Rat161-D2Mgh10. Introgressed WKY/lj segments also reveal a heart rate QTL within D2Rat40-D2Rat50 which abolished salt-induced bradycardia, dependent upon adjoining SHR/lj alleles. This study confirms the presence of multiple blood pressure QTL on chromosome 2. Taken together with our other studies, we conclude that rat chromosome 2 is rich in alleles for cardiovascular and behavioral traits and for coordinated coupling between behavior and cardiovascular responses.
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Bracher, Tobias, Daniela Nosch, and Roland Joos. "Klinischer Vergleich eines neu entwickelten Prototyps zur Messung der Hornhautsensibilität zum aktuellen Goldstandard." Optometry & Contact Lenses 1, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54352/dozv.hzdz5065.
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Purpose. The aim of the study was to test a newly developed prototype for corneal sensitivity measurement (liquid jet (LJ) with saline as stimulus) for repeatability and correlation with the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer (CB). This is an excerpt of a master thesis, which was part of a larger study Material and Methods. Corneal sensitivity thresholds (CST) were determined for 30 subjects, in a clinical trial with 30 subjects, with each device on two separate dates (with inter- vals of at least one day and a maximum of fourteen days). In addition, the pain sensitivity questionnaire (PSQ) was applied to determine any possible correlation with corneal sensitivity. Results. Similar standard deviations of the CSTs for LJ and CB were obtained (LJ (M ± SD): 24.3 ± 2.0 dB; CB (M ± SD): 20.0 ± 2.0 dB). No statistically significant difference in CST was found between the two visits for LJ (mean differen- ce: -0.063 dB, p = 0.78), however there was a statistically significant difference for CB (mean difference: -0.641 dB, p = 0.003). LJ CSTs correlated moderately positively with CB CSTs and PSQ (LJ-CB: r = 0.476, p < 0.001; LJ-PSQ: r = 0.437, p < 0.001). Conclusion. LJ offers a significantly larger stimulus bandwidth than CB. Better reproducibility was observed for LJ, while correlation between the results for the two instruments was good. Significant moderate positive correlation was found between LJ CSTs and general pain sensitivity. Keywords esthesiometry, Cochet-Bonnet, Liquid Jet, prototype, PSQ
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Zheng, Yuan-Yuan, Rong Xiao, Lu-Xin Zhang, Hui-Jie Yan, Ji-Hong Wang, and Li Lv. "A Novel Mutant of rLj-RGD3 (rLj-112) Suppressed the Proliferation and Metastasis of B16 Cells through the EGFR Signaling Pathway." Marine Drugs 17, no. 2 (January 23, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17020075.
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Lj-RGD3, which contains three Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD) motifs, was first identified from the buccal glands of Lampetra japonica and has been shown to suppress the tumor progression in the previous studies. Apart from the three RGD motifs, Lj-RGD3 is also characterized by its high content of histidine in its amino acid sequence. In order to clarify whether the histidine-rich characterization of Lj-RGD3 is also associated with its anti-tumor activity, mutants were designed in which the three RGD motifs (Lj-112), or all histidines (Lj-27) or both (Lj-26) were deleted. Furthermore, a mutant (Lj-42) in which all histidines and three RGD motifs were respectively substituted with alanines and three Ala–Gly–Asp (AGD) motifs, as well as a mutant (Lj-41) in which all histidines were substituted with alanines was synthesized to avoid alterations in structure which might further cause changes in the peptides’ functions. After recombination and purification, recombinant Lj-112 (rLj-112), recombinant Lj-27 (rLj-27), recombinant Lj-41 (rLj-41), and recombinant Lj-RGD3 (rLj-RGD3) exhibited anti-proliferative activity in B16 cells, respectively; while recombinant Lj-26 (rLj-26) and recombinant Lj-42 (rLj-42) did not affect the proliferation of B16 cells significantly. In addition, the anti-proliferative activity of rLj-112 in B16 cells was due to apoptosis. Typical apoptosis features were observed, including chromatin condensation, fragmented DNA, and increased levels of cleaved caspase 3/caspase 7/nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in B16 cells. Similar to rLj-RGD3, rLj-112 was also capable of suppressing the migration and invasion of B16 cells by disturbing the F-actin arrangement. After labeling with FITC, rLj-112 was found localized in the cytoplasm of B16 cells, which induced the internalization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), suggesting that rLj-112 might block the EGFR mediated signaling pathway. Actually, the phosphorylation level of EGFR and its downstream signal molecules including Akt, PI3K, p38, and ERK1/2 was reduced in the rLj-112 treated B16 cells. In vivo, rLj-112 also inhibited the growth, weight, and volume of the tumors in B16 xenografted C57BL/6 mice without reducing their body weight, indicating that rLj-112 might be safe and might be used as an effective anti-tumor drug in the near future.
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Alemayehu, Adamu, Laura Breen, and Morton P. Printz. "A new inbred Wistar-Kyoto rat substrain exhibiting apparent salt sensitivity and borderline hypertension." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 283, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): H1181—H1190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00187.2002.
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The normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat strain is a traditional control for the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). We found trait differences between two inbred normotensive WKY strains, derived originally from different vendors, and compared these two strains from La Jolla-Taconic Farms (WKY/lj-tf) and La Jolla-Charles River (WKY/lj-cr) with the inbred SHR/lj-cr for cardiovascular, diurnal, and activity traits under normal and high (8%) NaCl diets. Marked genetic diversity was found between the two vendor-derived WKY. By using an extended study design and radiotelemetry, we compared WKY/lj-cr, WKY/lj-tf, and SHR/lj-cr with the following results: systolic pressure (120 ± 1, 133 ± 1, 168 ± 3 mmHg, respectively); diurnal variation in heart rate (ΔHR: 46 ± 3, 71 ± 4, 57 ± 2 beats/min, respectively); and salt sensitivity of arterial pressure (Δsystolic: 10 ± 1, 21 ± 1, 20 ± 1 mmHg, respectively). The WKY/lj-tf genotype apparently results in compromised control of arterial pressure and heart rate, especially during high NaCl intake, and greater susceptibility to high pressure (i.e., high NaCl-induced secondary changes). WKY/lj-tf thus constitutes a new inbred borderline hypertensive WKY substrain offering unique opportunities for genomic studies into the development of genetic hypertension.
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Harding, Anna. "The Significance of Mental Disorder Classification." International Journal of Mental Health and Capacity Law, no. 9 (September 8, 2014): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijmhcl.v0i9.329.
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Li, Shengmao, Yu Huang, Fan Zhang, Hui Ao, and Lu Chen. "Comparison of Volatile Oil between the Ligusticum sinese Oliv. and Ligusticum jeholense Nakai et Kitag. Based on GC-MS and Chemical Pattern Recognition Analysis." Molecules 27, no. 16 (August 21, 2022): 5325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165325.
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Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix (LReR) is the dried rhizomes and roots of Ligusticum sinese Oliv. (LS) or Ligusticum jeholense Nakai et Kitag. (LJ). However, in the market, LS and LJ are frequently confused with each other. Since the volatile oils are both the main active components and quality control indicators of LReR, a strategy combining gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and chemical pattern recognition (CPR) was used to compare the volatile components of LJ and LS. Total ion chromatography (TIC) revealed that phthalides (i.e., neocnidilide) and phenylpropanoids (i.e., myristicin) could be thought of as the most critical components in the volatile oils of LJ and LS, respectively. In addition, the chemical components of the volatile oils in LJ and LS were successfully distinguished by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Moreover, two quality markers, including myristicin and neocnidilide, with a very high discriminative value for the classification of LJ and LS, were found by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The relative contents of myristicin and neocnidilide were 10.86 ± 6.18% and 26.43 ± 19.63% for LJ, and 47.43 ± 12.66% and 2.87 ± 2.31% for LS. In conclusion, this research has developed an effective approach to discriminating LJ and LS based on volatile oils by combining GC-MS with chemical pattern recognition analysis.
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Gong, Ruihao, Zhe An, Weibin Zhang, Fangyi Chen, and Ke-Jian Wang. "The Antimicrobial Peptide LJ-hep2 from Lateolabrax japonicus Exerting Activities against Multiple Pathogenic Bacteria and Immune Protection In Vivo." Marine Drugs 20, no. 10 (October 20, 2022): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20100651.
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Hepcidin is widely present in many kinds of fish and is an important innate immune factor. A variety of HAMP2-type hepcidins have strong antimicrobial activity and immunomodulatory functions and are expected to be developed as substitutes for antibiotics. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of Hepc2 from Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus) (designated as LJ-hep2) was investigated using its recombinant precursor protein (rLJ-hep2) expressed in Pichia pastoris and a chemically synthesized mature peptide (LJ-hep2(66–86)). The results showed that both rLJ-hep2 and synthetic LJ-hep2(66–86) displayed broad antimicrobial spectrum with potent activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and fungi. Especially, LJ-hep2(66–86) had stronger antimicrobial activity and exhibited potent activity against several clinically isolated multidrug-resistant bacteria, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecium. Moreover, LJ-hep2(66–86) exerted rapid bactericidal kinetic (killed tested bacteria within 2 h), induced significant morphological changes and promoted agglutination of E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophila. The activity of LJ-hep2(66–86) against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and A. hydrophila was stable and remained active when heated for 30 min. In addition, LJ-hep2(66–86) exhibited no cytotoxicity to the mammalian cell line HEK293T and fish cell lines (EPC and ZF4). In vivo study showed that LJ-hep2(66–86) could improve the survival rate of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) by about 40% under the challenge of A. hydrophila, indicating its immunoprotective function. Taken together, both rLJ-hep2 and LJ-hep2(66–86) have good prospects to be used as potential antimicrobial agents in aquaculture and medicine in the future.
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Liu, Rui-ying, Jing Deng, Xiu-Lian Lin, Ya-mei Li, Yan Lin, Bo-hou Xia, and Li-mei Lin. "Metabolomics Reveals Distinct Metabolites between Lonicera japonica and Lonicera macranthoides Based on GC-MS." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (September 21, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6738571.
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Lonicera japonica Thunb. (LJ) and Lonicera macranthoides Hand. -Mazz. (LM) have been widely used in Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Although the morphological characteristics of LJ and LM are quite similar, there are significant distinctions of medicinal ingredients (mainly the secondary metabolites) and clinical indications between them. However, the in-depth differences of primary metabolites have not thoroughly been studied yet. Therefore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry- (GC-MS-) based metabolomics method combined with chemometric methods were performed to analyze the distinction in this study. The results showed that LJ and LM were obviously classified into two groups. 10 metabolites were obtained as biomarkers on account of their p values, pcorr values, and differing variable importance in projection (VIP) values. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that the galactose metabolism and starch and sucrose metabolism gathered as potential pathways caused these extraordinary differences of primary metabolites between LJ and LM. Further, we found that the differences of main medicinal ingredients between LJ and LM could be interpreted from these metabolites according to the analysis of mainly related pathways. The metabolites involved in the starch and sucrose metabolism presented upregulated in LJ, while almost all metabolites in the galactose metabolism, the TCA cycle, and the phenolic acid part of phenylpropanoid metabolism were downregulated in LJ. Therefore, the energy stored in the starch and sucrose metabolism may be saved to produce flavonoid, which could be the reason that the level of flavonoid of phenylpropanoid metabolism is higher in LJ compared to LM. Consequently, this study presented an effective tool for quality evaluation of LJ and LM and laid a foundation for further studies of the metabolic mechanisms and high-quality manufacturing of them.
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Cambau, Emmanuelle, Claudine Wichlacz, Chantal Truffot-Pernot, and Vincent Jarlier. "Evaluation of the New MB Redox System for Detection of Growth of Mycobacteria." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 6 (1999): 2013–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.6.2013-2015.1999.
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We evaluated a new mycobacterial culture system, MB Redox, for recovery rate and time to detection of mycobacteria from 742 consecutive respiratory specimens and compared the results to those found with Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium. Twenty specimens (2.7%) were positive for M. tuberculosis: 17 on LJ medium and 19 in MB Redox, with 16 specimens positive in both media. In addition, 24 specimens (3.2%) were positive for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), 20 on LJ medium, 18 in MB Redox, and 14 in both media. For M. tuberculosis, the mean times to detection were 28.9 days on LJ medium and 23.6 days in MB Redox, and for NTM, the mean times to detection were 40.6 days on LJ medium and 32.3 days in MB Redox.
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Ramirez, Denis R., Todd C. Wehner, and Conrad H. Miller. "Growth Analysis of Three Cucumber Lines Differing in Plant Habit." HortScience 23, no. 1 (February 1988): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.1.145.
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Abstract Growth analyses were conducted in the greenhouse on two commercial lines, ‘Calypso’ and M 21 [of cultivated cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. var. sativus] differing in growth habit and one line, LJ 90430, of the wild cucumber Cucumis sativus L. var. Hardwickii (R.) Alef., to determine relationships between morphological characteristics and fruit yield. Multiple fruiting in LJ 90430 was associated with high leaf area and multiple branching. The standard commercial pickling cultivar, Calypso, which usually produces one to two fruit per plant per harvest, had less leaf area and fewer branches per plant than LJ 90430. Competition between early fruit development and vegetative growth was possible in ‘Calypso’ and M 21, but not in LJ 90430, which did not begin fruit development until vegetative growth was completed. Dry weight percentage in the fruit of LJ 90430 was low initially and increased steadily until the final harvest. Dry weight percentages in the fruit of ‘Calypso’ and M 21 were high initially and decreased generally thereafter. Relative growth rates of the whole plant followed similar trends in LJ 90430, ‘Calypso’, and M 21.
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Park, Sang Jun, Mi Hye Kim, and Woong Mo Yang. "Network Pharmacology-Based Study on the Efficacy and Mechanism of Lonicera japonica Thunberg." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (September 11, 2022): 9122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189122.
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Network pharmacology is an emerging method for investigating the potential effects and mechanisms of natural products through system-level analyses of gene sets in herbs. Lonicera japonica Thunberg (LJ) is known to have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor and neuroprotective effects. In the present study, network pharmacological analysis was performed to assess the potential efficacy and mechanisms of LJ. First of all, constituents of LJ were gathered from public databases: the Oriental Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS) database, PubChem and the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database. Then, a network was constructed using Cytoscape3.8.2, which visualizes biomedical interactions, and a functional enrichment analysis was conducted to uncover the pathways most relevant to LJ through Enrichr based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway 2021. Further, we performed a study of the literature to determine whether the results of our study were consistent with those of previous studies. The results showed that ‘Advanced glycation end products-Receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE) signaling pathway in diabetic complications’ was the pathway most relevant to LJ, especially through ‘Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway’, ‘Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-Protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT) signaling pathway’ and ‘Janus kinase-Signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway’. Based on the literature study, LJ showed relevance to MAPK, PI3K-AKT and JAK-STAT and was associated with therapeutic effects on diabetes and diabetic complications. This study shows that network pharmacology can be a suitable approach for analyzing LJ and suggests the potential efficacy and mechanisms of LJ.
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Fang, Xi, Michael Azain, Kristi Crowe-White, Jennifer Mumaw, Janet A. Grimes, Chad Schmiedt, Michele Barletta, Srujana Rayalam, and Hea Jin Park. "Effect of Acute Ingestion of Green Tea Extract and Lemon Juice on Oxidative Stress and Lipid Profile in Pigs Fed a High-Fat Diet." Antioxidants 8, no. 6 (June 23, 2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8060195.
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Green tea and its catechins have been shown to ameliorate high fat diet-induced oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia. However, low bioavailability of catechins limits their therapeutic potential. Lemon juice (LJ) has been suggested to enhance the bioavailability of catechins in vitro. This study investigated the antioxidative and hypolipidemic efficacy of a single dose of green tea extract (GTE) or GTE plus LJ (GTE + LJ) in high-fat diet fed pigs. Sixteen pigs ingested a single dose of GTE (190 mg/kg/day) or GTE + LJ (0.75 mL/kg/day) mixed with low-fat (LF; 5% fat) or high-fat (HF; 22% fat) diets and blood samples were collected for 24 h. Plasma catechin level peaked at two hours, and gradually returned to baseline after six hours following the intake. The addition of LJ significantly increased plasma catechin level. The diet containing GTE did not lower plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity, or malondialdehyde concentration in 24 h in HF-fed pigs. Addition of a single dose of LJ, however, significantly decreased plasma TG level in LF groups but did not cause further changes on any other markers compared to the GTE alone. Our findings indicate limited effect of a single meal containing GTE on plasma antioxidant enzymes, lipid profile, and lipid peroxidation in pigs and no significant synergistic/additive action of adding LJ to GTE within 24 h in pigs. A study with a longer treatment period is warranted to further understand the potential role of GTE in reducing HF diet-induced oxidative stress and the possible synergistic role of LJ.
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A. Abdul Kareem, Mo A. AL-Mazini, T. Bukeet, and. "Comparison of recoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the automated BACTEC MGIT 960 System and Lowenstein – Jensen medium." Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences 9, no. 1 (June 20, 2010): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29079/vol9iss1art92.
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We examined whether the BACTEC/ Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) System alone could supplant the use of a supplemental Lowenstein–Jensen (LJ) slant for routine recovery of M. tuberculosis from clinical specimens. A total of 392 specimens of sputum were included in the study, collected from 196 patients. Specimens were processed with standard N-acetyl- L- Cysteine (NALC-NaOH) method, then inoculated onto BACTEC MGIT 960 and onto LJ media. The recovery rates of M.tuberculosis were 100 % (256/256) with BACTEC MGIT 960 and 72.6%(186/256) with LJ. The rates of contamination for each of the system were 4.8%with BACTEC MGIT 960 and 5.3%with LJ. The TTD for M. tuberculosis was 11.3 days with BACTEC System and 30.8 days with LJ. The difference in TTD between smear positive and smear negative specimens for M.tuberculosis with BACTEC MGIT 960 was not statistically significant. This study shows that the BACTEC System demonstrates better sensitivity for the recovery of M. tuberculosis from clinical specimens.
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Somoskövi, Ákos, and Pál Magyar. "Comparison of the Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube with MB Redox, Löwenstein-Jensen, and Middlebrook 7H11 Media for Recovery of Mycobacteria in Clinical Specimens." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 5 (1999): 1366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.5.1366-1369.1999.
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The rate of recovery and the mean time to detection of mycobacteria in clinical specimens were evaluated with two nonradiometric broth-based systems, the Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) and MB Redox systems. The data obtained for each system were compared with each other and with those obtained with the Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) and Middlebrook 7H11 reference media. A total of 117 mycobacterial isolates (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, n = 112; nontuberculous mycobacteria, n = 5) were detected in 486 clinical specimens. The recovery rates for M. tuberculosis were 91 of 112 (81.3%) isolates with MGIT and 81 of 112 (72.3%) isolates with MB Redox. The combination of MGIT plus MB Redox recovered 104 of the 112 (92.9%) M. tuberculosisisolates. MGIT plus LJ plus Middlebrook 7H11 recovered 106 of the 112 (94.6%) isolates, MB Redox plus LJ plus Middlebrook 7H11 recovered 99 of the 112 (88.4%) isolates, and LJ plus Middlebrook 7H11 recovered 84 of the 112 (75.0%) isolates. The mean time to detection of M. tuberculosis in smear-positive specimens was 7.2 days with MGIT, 6.9 days with MB Redox, 20.4 days with LJ, and 17.6 days with Middlebrook 7H11. The mean time to detection of M. tuberculosis in smear-negative specimens was 19.1 days with MGIT, 15.5 days with MB Redox, 25.8 days with LJ, and 21.6 days with Middlebrook 7H11. The contamination rates were 4.4, 3.8, 2.1, and 2.7% for MGIT, MB Redox, LJ, and Middlebrook 7H11, respectively. In conclusion, MGIT and MB Redox can be viable tools in the routine mycobacteriology laboratory.
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Pak, Eun Seon, Lak Shin Jeong, Xiyan Hou, Sushil K. Tripathi, Jiyoun Lee, and Hunjoo Ha. "Dual Actions of A2A and A3 Adenosine Receptor Ligand Prevents Obstruction-Induced Kidney Fibrosis in Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 5667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115667.
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Kidney fibrosis is the final outcome of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Adenosine plays a significant role in protection against cellular damage by activating four subtypes of adenosine receptors (ARs), A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, and A3AR. A2AAR agonists protect against inflammation, and A3AR antagonists effectively inhibit the formation of fibrosis. Here, we showed for the first time that LJ-4459, a newly synthesized dual-acting ligand that is an A2AAR agonist and an A3AR antagonist, prevents the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) surgery was performed on 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. LJ-4459 (1 and 10 mg/kg) was orally administered for 7 days, started at 1 day before UUO surgery. Pretreatment with LJ-4459 improved kidney morphology and prevented the progression of tubular injury as shown by decreases in urinary kidney injury molecular-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) excretion. Obstruction-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis was attenuated by LJ-4459, as shown by a decrease in fibrotic protein expression in the kidney. LJ-4459 also inhibited inflammation and oxidative stress in the obstructed kidney, with reduced macrophage infiltration, reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These data demonstrate that LJ-4459 has potential as a therapeutic agent against the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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Nepali, S., P. Ghimire, DK Khadka, and S. Acharya. "Selective Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Para-Nitrobenzoic Acid (PNB) used in Lowenstein-Jensen Medium." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 5, no. 1 (May 7, 2010): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v5i1.3080.
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Background: Mycobacterial growth in media to which inhibitory substances are added has been used in species identification. Mycobacterium tuberculosis does not grow in Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium containing para-nitrobenzoic acid (PNB); which can be a basis for its identification from other mycobacteria. Setting: National Tuberculosis Centre (NTC), Thimi, Bhaktapur, Nepal. Objectives: To evaluate usefulness of PNB containing LJ medium in identifying mycobacterial isolates. Methodology: This diagnostic evaluation study based at NTC was conducted from Sep 2006-Jun 2007. During the study period, a total of 857 sputum samples collected from patients attending NTC were analyzed using fluorescence microscopy. The smear positive samples were confirmed by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining. Smear positive samples were cultured on LJ media with and without PNB; followed by biochemical tests. Results: Out of total 857 sputum samples analyzed, 246 (28.7%) were positive for AFB on fluorescence staining and 214 (87%) of smear positive samples were also positive in culture. All the isolates which grow on LJ media without PNB did not grow on LJ media containing PNB. Conclusion: Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be identified and differentiated from non-tuberculous mycobacteria using PNB containing media, easily in labs where culture is being done. Keywords: PNB; AFB; LJ medium; Mycobacterium tuberculosis DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v5i1.3080 SAARC J. Tuber. Lung Dis. HIV/AIDS 2008 Vol.5(1) 25-28
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Al-Naggar, Noman Q., and Mohammed H. Al-Udyni. "Performance of Adaptive Noise Cancellation with Normalized Last-Mean-Square Based on the Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Lung and Heart Sound Separation." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2018 (July 12, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9732762.
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The adaptive algorithm satisfies the present needs on technology for diagnosis biosignals as lung sound signals (LSSs) and accurate techniques for the separation of heart sound signals (HSSs) and other background noise from LSS. This study investigates an improved adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) based on normalized last-mean-square (NLMS) algorithm. The parameters of ANC-NLMS algorithm are the filter length Lj parameter, which is determined in 2n sequence of 2, 4, 8, 16, … , 2048, and the step size (μn), which is automatically randomly identified using variable μn (VSS) optimization. Initially, the algorithm is subjected experimentally to identify the optimal μn range that works with 11 Lj values as a specific case. This case is used to study the improved performance of the proposed method based on the signal-to-noise ratio and mean square error. Moreover, the performance is evaluated four times for four μn values, each of which with all Lj to obtain the output SNRout matrix (4 × 11). The improvement level is estimated and compared with the SNRin prior to the application of the proposed algorithm and after SNRouts. The proposed method achieves high-performance ANC-NLMS algorithm by optimizing VSS when it is close to zero at determining Lj, at which the algorithm shows the capability to separate HSS from LSS. Furthermore, the SNRout of normal LSS starts to improve at Lj of 64 and Lj limit of 1024. The SNRout of abnormal LSS starts from a Lj value of 512 to more than 2048 for all determined μn. Results revealed that the SNRout of the abnormal LSS is small (negative value), whereas that in the normal LSS is large (reaches a positive value). Finally, the designed ANC-NLMS algorithm can separate HSS from LSS. This algorithm can also achieve a good performance by optimizing VSS at the determined 11 Lj values. Additionally, the steps of the proposed method and the obtained SNRout may be used to classify LSS by using a computer.
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Nurhayati, Sitti Sani. "Laskar Jihad In Maluku 2000-2002: A Collective Obligation." Ulumuna 10, no. 1 (November 4, 2017): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v10i1.433.
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Tulisan ini menjelaskan salah satu kelompok Islam yang dalam beberapa hal dikaitkan dengan terorisme di Indonesia, yaitu Laskar Jihad (LJ). Ia merupakan bagian kelompok militan yang terlibat dalam konflik sektarian di Ambon dan Poso di era 1990-an. LJ didirikan pada bulan Januari 2000 sebagai respon ketidakmampuan pemerintah Indonesia dalam mengatasi konflik di Ambon. Kelompok ini juga tampil ke muka seiring dengan munculnya era keterbukaan kebebasan politik saat itu.
Kajian dalam tulisan ini menemukan bahwa LJ secara esensial lebih merupakan respon internal umat Islam Indonesia terhadap konflik yang tengah berlangsung, daripada merupakan bagian dari gerakan jihad internasional. Oleh karena itu, kecurigaan tentang keterkaitannya dengan al-Qaeda merupakan hal yang tidak beralasan. Pada kenyataannya, LJ adalah produk yang lahir dari kondisi spesifik di Indonesia serta ketidakmampuan pemerintah dalam mengatasi konflik keagamaan.
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Russo, M., A. Marquez, M. C. Abeijón-Mukdsi, A. Santacruz, A. López-Malo, P. Gauffin-Cano, and R. Medina. "Microencapsulated feruloyl esterase-producing lactobacilli ameliorate lipid profile and glycaemia in high fat diet-induced obese mice." Beneficial Microbes 10, no. 2 (March 13, 2019): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2018.0025.
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The effect of oral administration of spray-dried microcapsules of feruloyl esterase (FE) producing Lactobacillus fermentum CRL1446 (Lf) and Lactobacillus johnsonii CRL1231 (Lj) on high fat diet-induced obese mice was investigated to evaluate whether these strains could be used as a biotherapeutic for obesity. Swiss albino mice were divided into a normal diet fed group receiving empty microcapsules (control), a high fat diet plus empty microcapsules (HFD group), HFD plus microcapsules with Lf (HFD-Lf group) and HDF plus microcapsules with Lj (HFD-Lj group). Microcapsules containing Lf or Lj at a dose of ~107 cells/day/mouse were given orally for 7 weeks. Body weight gain, adiposity index, plasma leptin, lipid profiles, glycaemia, insulinemia, oral glucose tolerance, intestinal FE, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were determined. Administration of lactobacilli (HFD-Lf and HFD-Lj groups) improved metabolic parameters (triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels) and cardiovascular risk indicators (37-46% decrease of atherogenic index), and reduced body weight gain (29-38%), adiposity index (42-62%), plasma leptin levels, liver weight and fat deposition in liver. Intestinal FE activities significantly increased in HFD-Lf (62%) and HFD-Lj group (48%), thus improving hepatic GR activity (42% increment) compared to HFD group. Moreover, L. johnsonii increased HDL-cholesterol and L. fermentum reduced blood glucose to levels similar to the control. These FE-producing lactobacilli have the potential to improve biomarkers involved in obesity by increasing intestinal FE activity.
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Chronis, T., Lawrence D. Carey, Christopher J. Schultz, Elise V. Schultz, Kristin M. Calhoun, and Steven J. Goodman. "Exploring Lightning Jump Characteristics." Weather and Forecasting 30, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-14-00064.1.
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Abstract This study is concerned with the characteristics of storms exhibiting an abrupt temporal increase in the total lightning flash rate [i.e., lightning jump (LJ)]. An automated storm tracking method is used to identify storm “clusters” and total lightning activity from three different lightning detection systems over Oklahoma, northern Alabama, and Washington, D.C. On average and for different employed thresholds, the clusters that encompass at least one LJ (LJ1) last longer and relate to higher maximum expected size of hail, vertical integrated liquid, and lightning flash rates (area normalized) than do the clusters without an LJ (LJ0). The respective mean radar-derived and lightning values for LJ1 (LJ0) clusters are 80 min (35 min), 14 mm (8 mm), 25 kg m−2 (18 kg m−2), and 0.05 flash min−1 km−2 (0.01 flash min−1 km−2). Furthermore, the LJ1 clusters are also characterized by slower-decaying autocorrelation functions, a result that implies a less “random” behavior in the temporal flash rate evolution. In addition, the temporal occurrence of the last LJ provides an estimate of the time remaining to the storm’s dissipation. Depending on the LJ strength (i.e., varying thresholds), these values typically range between 20 and 60 min, with stronger jumps indicating more time until storm decay. This study’s results support the hypothesis that the LJ is a proxy for the storm’s kinematic and microphysical state rather than a coincidental value.
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Umar, A., J. A. Hamza, Mujahid H., and P. Igba. "Comparative Studies of the Methods of Detecting Rifampicin Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among Tuberculosis Patients Attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano." UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2162.003.
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This study was conducted to compare the specificity and sensitivity of GeneXpert MTB/Rif and Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) Proportion methods of detecting rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) positive patients attending the Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) Centre of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano. A total of 150 AFB positive samples were collected and processed according to the guideline given by National TB and Leprosy Control Program (2015) and WHO (2012), The result revealed that rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (RR-TB) from the samples was very high; 66.7% and 60.8% for GeneXpert MTB/Rif and Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) Proportion methods respectively. Cohen’s Kappa (interrater reliability) statistical analysis indicated a substantial agreement between GeneXpert and LJ Proportion specificity and sensitivity (Kappa value = 0.73). Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, GeneXpert MTB/Rif, Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) Proportion, Rifampicin resistance.
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Farnell, Carme, and Tomeu Rigo. "The Lightning Jump Algorithm for Nowcasting Convective Rainfall in Catalonia." Atmosphere 11, no. 4 (April 16, 2020): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040397.
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Previous studies in Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula) showed a direct relationship between the Lightning Jump (LJ) and severe weather, from the study of different events, occurring in the last few years in this region. This research goes a step beyond by studying the relationship between LJ and heavy rainfall, considering different criteria. It selects those episodes exceeding the 40 mm/h threshold, dividing them between those with or without LJ occurrence (3760 and 14,238 cases, respectively). The time and distance criteria (<150 km and <50 min, respectively) allow the detection of rainfall episodes with LJ, to establish an accurate relationship between the jump and the heavy rain occurrence. Then, lightning and radar data are analyzed, considering monthly and hourly distributions. Skill scores for the period 2013–2018 showed good results, especially in summer, with values of POD ≃ 90% and FAR ≃ 10%
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Nash, Meredith. "Selling Health and Fitness to Sporty Sisters: A Critical Feminist Multi-Modal Discourse Analysis of the Lorna Jane Retail Website." Sociology of Sport Journal 33, no. 3 (September 2016): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2015-0105.
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In this paper, I conduct a feminist multimodal critical discourse analysis (FMCDA) of the Lorna Jane (LJ) retail website (www.lornajane.com.au), an Australian fitness fashion company, to examine the discursive strategies used by the company to authorize a particular notion of “active living” for women. Specifically, I shall examine how the semiotic choices on the LJ website signify key discourses and themes related to health and fitness and how they are used to place the responsibility for fitness and health onto individual women. In particular, I focus on the discourses inscribed through the technologies, styles, fabrics, colors, cuts, and sizing of LJ clothing items. I am also interested in the underlying choices, assumptions, and biases of these constructions and the power relationships underpinning them. I conclude that “empowerment” for women on the LJ website is imagined in a limited, individualistic way.
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Lockie, Robert G., Farzad Jalilvand, Corrin A. Jordan, Samuel J. Callaghan, Matthew D. Jeffriess, Tawni M. Luczo, and Adrian B. Schultz. "The Relationship between Unilateral Dynamic Stability and Multidirectional Jump Performance in Team Sport Athletes." Sport Science Review 24, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2015): 321–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssr-2015-0022.
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AbstractThis study investigated relationships between dynamic stability and multidirectional jumping. A modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT), incorporating unilateral lower-body reaching in posteromedial, medial, and anteromedial directions, assessed dynamic stability. Unilateral vertical (VJ), standing broad (SBJ) and lateral jumps (LJ) assessed leg power. VJ power and relative SBJ and LJ distances were calculated. Thirty-two team sport athletes completed the mSEBT when each leg was used for stance, and left- and right-leg VJ, SBJ, and LJ. Correlations were drawn between data recorded from each leg when used for mSEBT stance and for each jump. Participants were dichotomized into better and lesser dynamic stability groups according to the sum of excursions for each leg. A one-way ANOVA determined mSEBT and jump differences (p< 0.05). The left-leg posteromedial and medial excursions correlated with VJ power; the medial excursion correlated with the LJ. The right-leg posteromedial excursion correlated with the SBJ; the anteromedial excursion correlated with the SBJ, and relative SBJ and LJ (r = 0.35-0.45). There were no differences in unilateral jumping between the better and lesser groups. Although there is some relationship with dynamic stability, this study further highlighted the complex interaction between the physical and technical characteristics of multidirectional jumping.
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Li, Guo Cheng. "An Effective Simulated Annealing-Based Mathematical Optimization Algorithm for Minimizing the Lennard-Jones Potential." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 2213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.2213.
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The Lennard-Jones (LJ) Potential Energy Problem is to construct the most stable form of N atoms of a molecule with the minimal LJ potential energy. This problem has a simple mathematical form Minimize subject to Where ,is the coordinates ofatom. This paper is to minimize the L-J potential on ,where n = 3N. however it is a challenging and diffcult problem for many optimization methods when N is larger. This paper presents an effective mathematical optimization algorithm for minimizing the LJ Potential and a series of elegant optimal solutions of atoms up to 310 were got.
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Mylan, David. "The Home Secretary’s Tribunal Referral Powers Following IH." International Journal of Mental Health and Capacity Law, no. 8 (September 8, 2014): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijmhcl.v0i8.337.
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<p>R (on the application of C) v Secretary of State for the Home Department<br />[2002] EWCA Civ 647<br />Court of Appeal (15th May 2002) Lord Phillips MR, Dyson LJ, and Jonathan Parker LJ</p>
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de Keijzer, Kevin L., Stuart A. McErlain-Naylor, Antonio Dello Iacono, and Marco Beato. "Effect of Volume on Eccentric Overload–Induced Postactivation Potentiation of Jumps." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 7 (August 1, 2020): 976–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0411.
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Purpose: To investigate the postactivation potentiation (PAP) effects of different eccentric overload (EOL) exercise volumes on countermovement-jump (CMJ) and standing-long-jump (LJ) performance. Methods: In total, 13 male university soccer players participated in a crossover design study following a familiarization period. Control (no PAP) CMJ and LJ performances were recorded, and 3 experimental protocols were performed in a randomized order: 1, 2, or 3 sets of 6 repetitions of flywheel EOL half-squats (inertia = 0.029 kg·m2). Performance of CMJ and LJ was measured 3 and 6 minutes after all experimental conditions. The time course and magnitude of the PAP were compared between conditions. Results: Meaningful positive PAP effects were reported for CMJ after 2 (Bayes factor [BF10] = 3.15, moderate) and 3 (BF10 = 3.25, moderate) sets but not after 1 set (BF10 = 2.10, anecdotal). Meaningful positive PAP effects were reported for LJ after 2 (BF10 = 3.05, moderate) and 3 (BF10 = 3.44, moderate) sets but not after 1 set (BF10 = 0.53, anecdotal). The 2- and 3-set protocols resulted in meaningful positive PAP effects on both CMJ and LJ after 6 minutes but not after 3 minutes. Conclusion: This study reported beneficial effects of multiset EOL exercise over a single set. A minimum of 2 sets of flywheel EOL half-squats are required to induce PAP effects on CMJ and LJ performance of male university soccer players. Rest intervals of around 6 minutes (>3 min) are required to maximize the PAP effects via multiple sets of EOL exercise. However, further research is needed to clarify the optimal EOL protocol configurations for PAP response.
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Rahmawitri, Herwi, Agus Saleh Atmadipoera, and Sri Suryo Sukoraharjo. "POLA SIRKULASI DAN VARIABILITAS ARUS DI PERAIRAN SELAT SUNDA." Jurnal Kelautan Nasional 11, no. 3 (October 15, 2016): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkn.v11i3.6115.
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Selat Sunda sebagai penghubung antara Laut Jawa (LJ) di interior Laut Indonesia dengan Samudera Hindia (SH) di tepi luar Indonesia diduga berperan penting dalam menyalurkan signal dinamika laut yang terjadi di tepi SH ke dalam interior laut Indonesia, atau sebaliknya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji struktur dan variabilitas arus di kawasan perairan Selat Sunda (SS). Data deret-waktu hasil keluaran model sirkulasi umum laut resolusi-tinggi (1/12°) dari INDESO antara tahun 2007-2010 dianalisis untuk kajian di dalam makalah ini. Validasi model dengan data observasi satelit menunjukkan korelasi tinggi (0.76 dan 0.90) untuk lokasi sampling box di SH dan LJ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tinggi muka laut di sisi LJ selalu lebih tinggi dari pada di sisi SH, kecuali pada periode bulan November-Januari dimana terjadi pembalikan aliran arus ke arah utara, yang diduga datangnya gelombang Kelvin dari ekuator SH. Intensifikasi arus kearah baratdaya di LJ terjadi di kedalaman 10-20 m, tetapi di SH terjadi di dekat permukaan dimana arusnya mengalir kearah tenggara. Variabilitas arus di kedua lokasi bervariasi dalam rentang skala-waktu intra-musiman, semi-annual, dan annual. Amplitudo spektrum densitas energi untuk komponen arus zonal lebih tinggi di kedua lokasi studi. Dalam skala-waktu intra-musiman, koherensi yang signifikan untuk komponen arus zonal di kedua lokasi terbentuk pada periodisitas 23-51 harian dengan fluktuasi arus di sisi SH mendahului dari arus di sisi LJ.
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Lockie, Robert, Brett Post, and J. Dawes. "Physical Qualities Pertaining to Shorter and Longer Change-of-Direction Speed Test Performance in Men and Women." Sports 7, no. 2 (February 16, 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7020045.
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This study investigated relationships between shorter (505, change-of-direction (COD) deficit as a derived physical quality) and longer (Illinois agility test; IAT) COD tests with linear speed, lower-body power (multidirectional jumping), and strength in recreationally-trained individuals. Twenty-one males and 22 females (similar to collegiate club-sport and tactical athletes) were assessed in: 505 and COD deficit from each leg; IAT; 20 m sprint; vertical jump (VJ height, peak anaerobic power measured in watts (PAPw), power-to-body mass ratio); standing broad jump; lateral jump (LJ) from each leg; and absolute and relative isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) strength. Partial correlations calculated sex-determined relationships between the COD and performance tests, with regression equations calculated (p < 0.05). The 505 and IAT correlated with all tests except PAPw and absolute IMTP (r = ±0.43–0.71). COD deficit correlated with the LJ (r = −0.34–0.60). Left- and right-leg 505 was predicted by sex, 20 m sprint, and left-leg LJ (70–77% explained variance). Right-leg COD deficit was predicted by sex and left-leg LJ (27% explained variance). IAT was predicted by sex, 20 m sprint, right-leg LJ, and relative IMTP (84% explained variance). For individuals with limited training time, improving linear speed, and relative lower-body power and strength, could enhance shorter and longer COD performance.
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Sun, Chenyang, Yaning Zhang, Chaofeng Hou, and Wei Ge. "A new correlation model for predicting the melting and boiling temperatures of the Lennard-Jones systems." Physica Scripta 98, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 015702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/aca443.
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Abstract The Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential function is widely employed in molecular dynamics simulations. In this study, the LJ potentials under different characteristic diameter σ and characteristic energy ε were simulated, and the changes in properties such as number density, total energy, phase transition latent heat, and phase transition temperature were detailed. With the increase of σ, the melting and boiling temperatures of the LJ systems and the thermodynamic temperature range corresponding to liquid decrease, while with the increase of ε, the melting and boiling temperatures and the thermodynamic temperature range of liquid increase. Moreover, the phase transition latent heat hardly changes with the increase of σ, but significantly increases with ε. The number densities at the melting and boiling temperatures are only dependent on σ, and are not nearly influenced by ε. Furthermore, based on a modified Lindemann’s melting criterion, a new empirical correlation model is proposed to predict the melting and boiling temperatures of the LJ systems, where the phase transition points are in good agreement with the experimental values. For the melting point, the absolute error between the formula and the experimental measurement for inert gas and methane is no more than 10 K, and for the boiling point, the absolute error is less than 15 K. By this new presented model, some thermophysical properties of the LJ potential systems can be quickly obtained and evaluated.
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Chan, Jason S., Jasper J. F. van den Bosch, Stephanie Theves, Stefanie Hardt, Patrick Pflanz, Jörn Lötsch, Jochen Kaiser, and Marcus J. Naumer. "Synaesthesia or Vivid Imagery? A Single Case fMRI Study of Visually Induced Olfactory Perception." Multisensory Research 27, no. 3-4 (2014): 225–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002451.
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The most common form of synaesthesia is grapheme–colour synaesthesia. However, rarer forms of synaesthesia also exist, such as word–gustatory and olfactory–gustatory synaesthesia, whereby a word or smell will induce a specific. In this study we describe a single individual (LJ) who experiences a concurrent olfactory stimulus when presented with congruent visual images. For some visual stimuli, he perceives a strong and automatic olfactory percept, which has existed throughout his life. In this study, we explore whether his experiences are a new form of synaesthesia or simply vivid imagery. Unlike other forms of synaesthesia, the concurrent odour is congruent to the visual inducer. For example, a photograph of dress shoes will elicit the smell of leather. We presented LJ and several control participants with 75 images of everyday objects. Their task was to indicate the strength of any perceived odours induced by the visual images. LJ rated several of the images as inducing a concurrent odour, while controls did not have any such percept. Images that LJ reported as inducing the strongest odours were used, along with colour-matched control images, in the context of an fMRI experiment. Participants were given a one-back task to maintain attention. A block-design odour localizer was presented to localize the piriform cortex (primary olfactory cortex). We found an increased BOLD response in the piriform cortex for the odour-inducing images compared to the control images in LJ. There was no difference in BOLD response between these two stimulus types in the control participants. A subsequent olfactory imagery task did not elicit enhanced activity in the piriform cortex in LJ, suggesting his perceptual experiences may not be based on olfactory imagery.
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Robinson, Robert. "Conditional Discharges – ‘Discharge’ from what?" International Journal of Mental Health and Capacity Law, no. 9 (September 8, 2014): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijmhcl.v0i9.328.
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<p>R (on the application of the Secretary of State for the Home Department) v Mental Health<br />Review Tribunal and PH (Interested Party) [2002] EWCA Civ 1868<br />Court of Appeal (19th December 2002) Keene LJ, Sir Anthony Evans and Kay LJ</p>
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Stillinger, F. H., and D. K. Stillinger. "Expanded solid matter: Two-dimensional LJ modeling." Mechanics of Materials 38, no. 8-10 (August 2006): 958–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2005.06.021.
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Kahl, H., and J. Winkelmann. "Modified PT-LJ-SAFT Density Functional Theory." Fluid Phase Equilibria 270, no. 1-2 (August 2008): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2008.06.002.
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Walters, S. Alan, Todd C. Wehner, and Kenneth R. Barker. "Inheritance of Resistance to Root-know Nematode (Meloidogyne arnaria) in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 796E—796. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.796e.
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The inheritance of resistance to M. arenaria races 1 and 2 in Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (R.) Alef. line LJ 90430 was studied in several crosses with cultivated cucumber (C. sativus L.). Initially, parents, F1, F2, and BC1 to both parents of `Sumter' x LJ 90430 tested in a split-root experiment showed that resistance was quantitative. In addition, it appeared that the same genes were controlling resistance to race 1 and race 2 of M. arenaria (genetic correlation of 0.97 and 0.99 for gall index and egg mass data, respectively). In later greenhouse experiments, two other families were evaluated (`Addis' x LJ 90403 and `Poinsett 87' x LJ 90430) for inheritance of resistance to M. arenaria race 1. In all crosses using gall index data, additive variance was the largest component of genetic variance, and estimates of narrow-sense heritability ranged from 0.50 to 0.85 (0.57 to 0.81 for broad-sense heritability). Estimates of the minimum number of genes (effective factors) using gall index data ranged from 1.1 to 2.7 (0.2 to 0.3 for egg mass data).
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Kim, Hyojin, Chae Yeon Lim, Dan Bi Lee, Jong Hyeon Seok, Kyung Hyun Kim, and Mi Sook Chung. "Inhibitory Effects of Laminaria japonica Fucoidans Against Noroviruses." Viruses 12, no. 9 (September 7, 2020): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12090997.
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Norovirus is the leading cause of nonbacterial foodborne disease outbreaks. Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) bind to histo-blood group antigens as the host receptor for infection. In this study, the inhibitory effects of fucoidans from brown algae, Laminaria japonica (LJ), Undaria pinnatifida and Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll, were evaluated against murine norovirus (MNoV), feline calicivirus (FCV) and HuNoV. Pretreatment of MNoV or FCV with the fucoidans at 1 mg/mL showed high antiviral activities, with 1.1 average log reductions of viral titers in plaque assays. They also showed significant inhibition on the binding of the P domains of HuNoV GII.4 and GII.17 to A- or O-type saliva and the LJ fucoidan was the most effective, reaching 54–72% inhibition at 1 mg/mL. In STAT1−/− mice infected with MNoV, oral administration of the LJ fucoidan, composed of mainly sulfated fucose and minor amounts of glucose and galactose, improved the survival rates of mice and significantly reduced the viral titers in their feces. Overall, these results provide the LJ fucoidan can be used to reduce NoV outbreaks.
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Bowen, Paul. "Detained patients and the right to refuse treatment." International Journal of Mental Health and Capacity Law, no. 6 (September 8, 2014): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijmhcl.v0i6.360.
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<p>R (Wilkinson) v. Broadmoor RMO (1) Mental Health Act Commission (2) Secretary of State for Health (Interested party) [2001] EWCA Civ 1545<br />Court of Appeal (22nd October 2001) Simon Brown LJ, Brooke LJ and Hale LJ</p><p>A detained patient’s right to refuse treatment to which he or she objects has been greatly strengthened by a recent decision of the Court of Appeal, applying the provisions of the Human Rights Act 1998, although in reaching its decision the Court of Appeal has posed as many questions for the future of the law in this area as it has answered.</p>
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Li, Ling Feng. "Research and Application of Material Corrosion Prevention Technology in the Completed well System for Sour Gas well." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 1096–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.1096.
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For natural gas well in sour gas reservoirs, very serious corrosion in the completed well system is an important factor of gas production system life. In order to ensure the long-term development of gas wells, this paper mainly introduces material corrosion prevention technology in the completed well system, such as corrosion-resistant alloy steel corrosion control technology, bimetallic combination tubing, corrosion inhibitor technology and so on. By taking LJ Gas Field as an example, this paper introduces the material corrosion prevention technology in the completed well system in LJ Gas Field. For application in the completed well system in LJ Gas Field, the technology above have good performance of corrosion resistance.
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Alam, Todd M., Joshua P. Allers, Calen J. Leverant, and Jacob A. Harvey. "Symbolic regression development of empirical equations for diffusion in Lennard-Jones fluids." Journal of Chemical Physics 157, no. 1 (July 7, 2022): 014503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0093658.
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Symbolic regression (SR) with a multi-gene genetic program has been used to elucidate new empirical equations describing diffusion in Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluids. Examples include equations to predict self-diffusion in pure LJ fluids and equations describing the finite-size correction for self-diffusion in binary LJ fluids. The performance of the SR-obtained equations was compared to that of both the existing empirical equations in the literature and to the results from artificial neural net (ANN) models recently reported. It is found that the SR equations have improved predictive performance in comparison to the existing empirical equations, even though employing a smaller number of adjustable parameters, but show an overall reduced performance in comparison to more extensive ANNs.
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GROVES, DANIEL P. "FREE GROUPS OF OUTER COMMUTATOR VARIETIES OF GROUPS." Journal of the London Mathematical Society 64, no. 2 (October 2001): 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s002461070100237x.
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If F is a free group, 1 < i [les ] j [les ] 2i and i [les ] k [les ] i + j + 1 then F/[γj(F), γi(F), γk(F)] is residually nilpotent and torsion-free. This result is extended to 1 < i [les ] j [les ] 2i and i [les ] k [les ] 2i + 2j. It is proved that the analogous Lie rings, L/[Lj, Li, Lk] where L is a free Lie ring, are torsion-free. Candidates are found for torsion in L/[Lj, Li, Lk] whenever k is the least of {i, j, k}, and the existence of torsion in L/[Lj, Li, Lk] is proved when i, j, k [les ] 5 and k is the least of {i, j, k}.
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Thakur, Rajeev, Renu Goyal, and Smita Sarma. "Laboratory Diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis – Is There a Scope for Further Improvement?" Journal of Laboratory Physicians 2, no. 01 (January 2010): 021–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-2727.66705.
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ABSTRACT Aims: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) still remains a diagnostic challenge because of inconsistent clinical presentation and lack of rapid, sensitive and specific tests. This study was carried out to diagnose TBM by a combination of direct microscopy on Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining, culture by conventional Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) media and Bactec MGIT 960 system in clinically suspected cases, supported by laboratory parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 164 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from suspected cases of TBM were processed for direct acid fast bacilli (AFB) smear examination, and culture on Bactec MGIT 960 and LJ media. Results: AFB were detected on direct smears in 13 of 164 (7.9%) specimens and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated by at least one of the culture methods from 49 (29.8%) CSF samples, of which 45 (27.4%) were detected positive for M. tuberculosis by MGIT 960 culture and 18 (10.9%) by culture on LJ medium. The mean time of detection in MGIT and LJ media for M. tuberculosis were 18 and 38 days, respectively. Conclusions: A combination of laboratory parameters like smear microscopy, conventional culture and automated method like Bactec MGIT increases the sensitivity of diagnosing TBM as compared to any single method.
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Wang, Jin, Yang, Zong, and Peng. "Graphene Adhesion Mechanics on Iron Substrates: Insight from Molecular Dynamic Simulations." Crystals 9, no. 11 (November 6, 2019): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9110579.
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The adhesion feature of graphene on metal substrates is important in graphene synthesis, transfer and applications, as well as for graphene-reinforced metal matrix composites. We investigate the adhesion energy of graphene nanosheets (GNs) on iron substrate using molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. Two Fe–C potentials are examined as Lennard–Jones (LJ) pair potential and embedded-atom method (EAM) potential. For LJ potential, the adhesion energies of monolayer GN are 0.47, 0.62, 0.70 and 0.74 J/m2 on the iron {110}, {111}, {112} and {100} surfaces, respectively, compared to the values of 26.83, 24.87, 25.13 and 25.01 J/m2 from EAM potential. When the number of GN layers increases from one to three, the adhesion energy from EAM potential increases. Such a trend is not captured by LJ potential. The iron {110} surface is the most adhesive surface for monolayer, bilayer and trilayer GNs from EAM potential. The results suggest that the LJ potential describes a weak bond of Fe–C, opposed to a hybrid chemical and strong bond from EAM potential. The average vertical distances between monolayer GN and four iron surfaces are 2.0–2.2 Å from LJ potential and 1.3–1.4 Å from EAM potential. These separations are nearly unchanged with an increasing number of layers. The ABA-stacked GN is likely to form on lower-index {110} and {100} surfaces, while the ABC-stacked GN is preferred on higher-index {111} surface. Our insights of the graphene adhesion mechanics might be beneficial in graphene growing, surface engineering and enhancement of iron using graphene sheets.
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Islam, MS, A. Akhtar, MA Hossain, MF Rahman, and SS Hossain. "Lifetime productivity and repeatability estimation of selected traits of crossbred cows in Savar Dairy Farm." Progressive Agriculture 29, no. 2 (September 17, 2018): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v29i2.38303.
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The study was conducted on 244 crossbred cows of (Central Cattle Breeding and Diry Farm), Savar, Dhaka to evaluate the effect of different productive groups on their lifetime performance of various productive traits using twenty years data. Data were accumulated from a prescribed data sheet maintained by Central Cattle Breeding Station, Savar, Dhaka. Genetic groups for this experiment were Local Friesian (LF), Local Jersey (LJ), Local Hariana X Friesian (LH x F), Local Friesian X Local Friesian (LF x LF) and Local Jersey X Local Jersey (LJ x LJ). The studied parameters were age at puberty, lactation length, lactation yield, total milking days, and total milk yield in lifetime. The data were analyzed using Least-Squares Mixed Model and Maximum Likelihood Computer Program (Harvey, 1990). Analysis showed that genetic groups had a significant effect on age at puberty, lactation length and lactation yield (P<0.01), total milking days and milk yield in lifetime (P<0.001). From the result it was found that earliest age at puberty were in L x F (749.27±99.01). Lactation length and standardized lactation yield were also higher in L x F (258.69±20.04 days and 1408.80±83.60 kg respectively). Total milking days and milk yield were observed higher in (LH x F) with mean of 1468.30±198.58 days and 7340.32±1813.28 kg, respectively. The repeatability estimates of lactation length for genetic groups LF, LJ, LH x F, LF x LF and LJ x LJ were 0.24±0.09, 0.04(-ve), 0.10±0.05, 0.07±0.05 and 0.49±0.22, respectively. The same for lactation yield was 0.17±0.08, 0.27± 0.02, 0.07±0.04, 0.17±0.08 and 0.03±0.05 respectively. From analysis it was revealed that in respect of productive performances the L x F genetic group was found superior compared to other groups but interns of total lifetime productivity, LH x F ranked the highest in the given environment. It is concluded that lifetime productivity needs to be considered as an appropriate guideline for selecting genetic groups for future productivity.Progressive Agriculture 29 (2): 168-177, 2018
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Hope, Paul. "Paternalism or Power? – Compulsory treatment under section 58 of the Mental Health Act 1983." International Journal of Mental Health and Capacity Law 1, no. 14 (September 5, 2014): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijmhcl.v1i14.192.
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<strong><strong><em></em></strong></strong><p align="LEFT">R (on the application of B) v S and others</p><p align="LEFT">Court of Appeal; Lord Phillips CJ, Thorpe LJ and Rix LJ; 26 January 2006</p><p>[2006] EWCA Civ 28</p>
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Mayr, Niklas, Michael Haring, and Thomas Wallek. "Continuous fractional component Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo." American Journal of Physics 91, no. 3 (March 2023): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/5.0135841.
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A continuous fractional component (CFC) approach increases the probability of particle swaps in the context of vapor-liquid equilibrium simulations using the Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo algorithm. Two variants of the CFC approach are compared for simulations of pure Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluids and binary LJ mixtures as examples. The details of an exemplary CFC implementation are presented. Recommendations are provided to reduce the effort required for the suggested problems.
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Rigo, Tomeu, and Carme Farnell. "Characterisation of Thunderstorms with Multiple Lightning Jumps." Atmosphere 13, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020171.
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Several works have shown that lightning jumps are precursors of severe weather in deep-convective thunderstorms. Since 2017, the Meteorological Service of Catalonia has operationally run an algorithm that identifies lightning jumps (LJs) in real time. It has resulted in being an effective tool for nowcasting severe weather with a lead time between 15 min and 120 min in advance. This time can be of high value for managing emergencies caused by severe phenomena or heavy rains. The present research focused on the events’ analysis in which more than one lightning jump occurred, searching for those elements that differentiate single warning cases. Thunderstorms producing LJs were divided into two main categories, depending on the number of jumps triggered during the life cycle. Besides, both classes were split into two main sub-types, based on the level of the LJ that occurred. Multiple LJ thunderstorms produce more Level 2—related to severe weather—jumps than Level 1—small hail or intense precipitation—while in the case of a single LJ, the opposite behaviour occurs. In general, multiple LJ thunderstorms with at least one Level 2 jump are the more intense and have a higher vertical development. Finally, lineal and well-organised thunderstorms are the more common modes in those intenser cases.