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1

Muminov, Nozim, Tatyana Kim, Farmonqul Egamberdiyev, and Anastas Ambartsumyan. "ТHE WAYS OF IMPROVEMENT OF LIVING STANDARDS." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 04 (February 28, 2020): 1965–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr201305.

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2

Comte, Emmanuel. "Conflicting Living Standards." Les cahiers Irice 11, no. 1 (2014): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lci.011.0009.

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3

Zainutdinov, Sh, Z. Ashurov, and R. Nurimbenov. "Growth Factors: Living Standards." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/53/31.

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In all countries of the world, the standard of living of the population remains the most acute economic problem. This paper discusses the issues and factors of improving the living standards of the population, it highlights the issues of demography, population growth, consumption growth, resource endowment, consumer baskets, consumer ability and purchasing power of the population, what is expected for a standard of living in the long term — for the millennium, the approaches to this issue of the UN and leading international organizations.
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4

Margo, Robert A., and Clair Brown. "American Standards of Living." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 49, no. 3 (April 1996): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2524212.

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5

Hobijn, Bart, and Philip Hans Franses. "Are living standards converging?" Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 12, no. 2 (July 2001): 171–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0954-349x(00)00034-5.

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6

Kakwani, N. "Performance in living standards." Journal of Development Economics 41, no. 2 (August 1993): 307–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(93)90061-q.

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7

Yudina, Т. N., and I. V. Leskova. "Sociocultural Space of the Megapolis Moscow: Living Standards and Quality." Contemporary problems of social work 4, no. 3 (2018): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2412-5466-2018-4-3-58-64.

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8

Gordievich, T. I., and P. V. Ruzanov. "Living standards and income dynamics." Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity 5, no. 1 (2020): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2542-0488-2020-5-1-127-135.

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9

Efanova, L. D., and S. A. Shmukler. "LIVING STANDARDS IN MODERN GERMANY." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 11 (December 27, 2019): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2019-11-12-17.

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This article reflects the main directions of achieving an optimal standard of living for German citizens, determines the main aspects of its maintenance. It has been noted, that the citizens of Germany have a sufficiently high, in comparison with other countries, standard of living, all the necessary social guarantees for decent living. Today, Germany is the optimal country for living, which forms a socially-oriented economy. The most priority feature of the implemented policy of the country is, that all the rights of citizens are realized in practice, and criminality is almost not widespread.
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10

Steckel, Richard H. "Heights, Living Standards, and History." Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 24, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01615440.1991.9955303.

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11

Evans, Paul, and Georgios Karras. "Do standards of living converge?" Economics Letters 43, no. 2 (January 1993): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(93)90028-b.

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12

Folbre, Nancy. "Time Use and Living Standards." Social Indicators Research 93, no. 1 (December 12, 2008): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9407-4.

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13

Mallaeva, M. I. "Social Minimum Standards in the Living Standards Regulating System." Herald of Dagestan State University 35, no. 4 (2020): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2500-1930-2020-35-4-57-65.

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14

Straka, Jakub, Naďa Birčiaková, and Jana Stávková. "Impact of SMEs on Standards of Living of Czech Rural Households." ECONOMICS & SOCIOLOGY 8, no. 4 (December 20, 2015): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2015/8-4/4.

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15

Birčiaková, Naďa, Jana Stávková, and Veronika Antošová. "Evaluating Living Standard Indicators." DANUBE: Law and Economics Review 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/danb-2015-0011.

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Abstract This paper deals with the evaluation of selected available indicators of living standards, divided into three groups, namely economic, environmental, and social. We have selected six countries of the European Union for analysis: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Luxembourg, France, and Great Britain. The aim of this paper is to evaluate indicators measuring living standards and suggest the most important factors which should be included in the final measurement. We have tried to determine what factors influence each indicator and what factors affect living standards. We have chosen regression analysis as our main method. From the study of factors, we can deduce their impact on living standards, and thus the value of indicators of living standards. Indicators with a high degree of reliability include the following factors: size and density of population, health care and spending on education. Emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere also have a certain lower degree of reliability.
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16

Chai, Joseph C. H. "Consumption and Living Standards in China." China Quarterly 131 (September 1992): 721–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000046348.

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The future of the reforms in China ultimately depends on whether, and if so to what extent, reforms introduced in the recent past have improved the consumption and the standard of living of the Chinese people. It also depends on whether any such gains in the standard of living have been widely spread among the whole population. Since 1978 real per capita consumption in China has risen at an average annual rate of 7 per cent which is more than three and a half times that of the preceding 21 years. As a result, the standard of living of the average Chinese citizen in 1990 was more than double that of 1978. However, the growth of consumption and the living standard was rather uneven during the reform period. During the first phase of the reforms (1978–85) the consumption standard increased rapidly without widening existing income disparity. During the second phase (1985–90), however, improvements in consumption standards slowed significantly amidst rising inflation and growing income inequality. The question is whether the recent trend of a relatively slow rise in the standard of living and greater income disparity will continue in the 1990s. The purpose of this article is to examine the recent trends and changes in the level, structure and differentials of Chinese consumption and living standards, and to assess their prospects for the 1990s
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17

Saunders, Peter, Roger Patulny, and Adeline Lee. "Benchmarking the living standards of older Australians using budget standards." Australasian Journal on Ageing 24, no. 3 (September 2005): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6612.2005.00115.x.

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18

SILVER, Morris. "Roman Economic Growth and Living Standards." Ancient Society 37 (November 30, 2007): 191–252. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/as.37.0.2024038.

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19

Polyarush, V. A., and T. F. Tarasova. "LIVING STANDARDS AND FACTORS AFFECTING THEM." Herald of the Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law 4, no. 89 (2021): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21295/2223-5639-2021-4-67-82.

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20

Montgomery, Mark R., Michele Gragnolati, Kathleen A. Burke, and Edmundo Paredes. "Measuring Living Standards with Proxy Variables." Demography 37, no. 2 (May 2000): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2648118.

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21

Krasil'nikova, Marina. "Living Standards in Russia's Coal Regions." Sociological Research 40, no. 3 (May 2001): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/sor1061-0154400356.

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22

Lerman, Robert I., Robert E. Litan, Robert Z. Lawrence, and Charles L. Schultze. "American Living Standards: Threats and Challenges." Southern Economic Journal 56, no. 4 (April 1990): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1059914.

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23

Cate, Tom, and Clair Brown. "American Standards of Living, 1918-1988." Southern Economic Journal 62, no. 4 (April 1996): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1060959.

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24

Langlois, Simon, and Clair Brown. "American Standards of Living, 1918-1988." Contemporary Sociology 25, no. 4 (July 1996): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2077130.

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25

Green, Ken. "New technology and global living standards." Science and Public Policy 13, no. 5 (October 1986): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/spp/13.5.307.

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26

Birčiaková, Naďa, Jana Stávková, and Jakub Straka. "Determinants of Czech Inhabitants’ Living Standards." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 6 (2015): 1839–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/201563061839.

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27

Dennison, Tracy, and Steven Nafziger. "Living Standards in Nineteenth-Century Russia." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 43, no. 3 (December 2012): 397–441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_00424.

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Most of the studies of living standards in pre-revolutionary Russia by economic historians have focused on a narrow range of measures for predominantly urban areas. A micro-level analysis that employs a broader set of measures of well-being for a small rural region in central Russia suggests that, contrary to previous findings, living standards were improving throughout the nineteenth century, even in seemingly less dynamic rural areas. Moreover, the variation in income and consumption patterns, human-capital development, and the distribution of resources in the countryside was greater than typically assumed. Since state and local institutions might be able to account for it, these determinants should be emphasized in future analyses of rural living standards in pre-Soviet Russia.
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28

Loon, Richard Van. "Universities and Living Standards in Canada." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 31, no. 4 (December 2005): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3552359.

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29

Birčiaková, Naďa, Jana Stávková, and Jakub Straka. "Determinants of Czech Inhabitants’ Living Standards." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 6 (2015): 1839–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563061839.

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Living standards are influenced by several variables. In the submitted paper, they are divided into eight main groups based on analysing alternative indicators of living standards – public life, place of residence, economic area, educational area, health care, environment, interpersonal relationships and personality. The main source of the data is represented by the results of a questionnaire survey performed in 2013 and 2014 in the Czech Republic, focused on elicitation of inhabitants’ opinions about how much 99 individual variables influence their living standards. Using Principal Component Analysis, there were seven factors created out of the assessed variables. They should be reflected by a complex assessment of living standards.
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30

Hazuchová, Naďa, and Jana Stávková. "A Comparison of Living Standards Indicators." European Journal of Business Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (November 30, 2017): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/ejobsat.v3i1.99.

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31

Shumetov, V. G. "ABOUT RATIONING INDICATORS OF LIVING STANDARDS." Vestnik OrelGAU 6, no. 57 (December 2015): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15217/issn1990-3618.2015.6.106.

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32

Saunders, Peter, and George Matheson. "Politics, income perceptions and living standards." Australian Journal of Political Science 28, no. 1 (March 1993): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00323269308402222.

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33

Prowse, Martin. "Rural Livelihoods, Living Standards and Health." Epidemiology 20 (November 2009): S263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000362878.96535.69.

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34

SCHULZ, T., and P. WILES. "EARNINGS AND LIVING STANDARDS IN MOSCOW." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 14, no. 9-10 (May 1, 2009): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1952.mp14009001.x.

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35

Harvey, Russell, and Richard Hemming. "INFLATION, PENSIONER LIVING STANDARDS AND POVERTY*." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 45, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1983.mp45002004.x.

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36

Karliova, M., M. Malago, C. Valentin-Gamazo, J. Reimer, U. Treichel, G. H. Franke, S. Nadalin, A. Frilling, G. Gerken, and C. E. Broelsch. "IMPROVING STANDARDS OF LIVING LIVER DONATION." Transplantation 73, no. 11 (June 2002): 1701–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007890-200206150-00002.

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37

Adkins, Roger L. "American Living Standards: Threats and Challenges." Journal of Economic Issues 23, no. 4 (December 1989): 1233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.1989.11504993.

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38

Smith, Stephen. "MAINTAINING AND IMPROVING AUSTRALIAN LIVING STANDARDS." APPEA Journal 38, no. 2 (1998): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj97063.

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39

Majumder, Amita, and Satya R. Chakravarty. "Achievement and improvement in living standards." Journal of Development Economics 50, no. 1 (June 1996): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(96)00009-0.

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40

Watts, Rob. "AUSTRALIAN LIVING STANDARDS: SOME GENDER CONSIDERATIONS." Australian Journal of Social Issues 28, no. 1 (February 1993): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.1993.tb00914.x.

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41

Chkareuli, Vakhtang. "Main Aspects of Economic Freedom and Its Impact on Rising Living Standards." International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 8, no. 4 (August 2017): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijtef.2017.8.4.564.

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42

Kurbanov Bekmetovich, Shukhrat, and Medetbay Oteuliev Orinbayevich. "Territorial Differences in Living Standards in Uzbekistan." Quaestiones Geographicae 40, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2021-0038.

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Abstract The concepts of ‘standard of living’, ‘quality of life’ and ‘lifestyle’ are analysed in a comparative manner. The author has made a rating assessment of the regions of the Republic in terms of living standards based on a set of 10 statistical indicators. As a result, regions of Uzbekistan with a relatively high and relatively low standard of living were identified.
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43

Gudz, T. I., and V. V. Maltsev. "International standards of the right to an adequate standard of living and their impact on Ukrainian legislation." Law and Safety 87, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2022.4.08.

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The provisions of international standards of human right to an adequate standard of living and their impact on national legislation have been investigated. It has been emphasized that since Ukraine gained independence and up to now the issue of ensuring a sufficient standard of living has remained one of the most problematic for our state. European integration processes, which provide for the modernization of Ukraine’s socio-economic policy towards improving the quality of life of each person, also increase the need for scientific research. It has been emphasized on the relevance and importance of studying the issues of regulation of the right to an adequate standard of living in view of the existing social problems, which have become much more acute with the beginning of the full-scale war of Russia against our country and have a huge negative impact on the living standards of Ukrainian citizens. The purpose and objectives of the study are to analyze the provisions of international standards of the right to an adequate standard of living and to find the best ways to implement international standards of this right in the legislation of Ukraine in modern conditions, to determine further prospects for their development. The scientific novelty of the study is due to the lack of scientific analysis of the armed aggression impact on the right to an adequate standard of living realization and provides proposals for the effective implementation of international standards in the field of protection of the human right to an adequate standard of living in national legislation, taking into account these aspects. Modern methods of scientific research have been used, in particular formal and legal, historical and legal, systemic, logical and semantic, analysis and synthesis, etc. At the same time, the analysis of the right to an adequate standard of living has been based on the dialectical method, the use of which made it possible to understand doctrinal and normative sources in the researched area, to find out the content of the human right to an adequate standard of living both at the international and national levels and its essential characteristics. It has been concluded that even in the conditions of war, the state should take measures aimed at preventing the decline in the living standards of its citizens below a sufficient level. It has been proven that the national legislation is primarily aimed at maintaining the minimum standard of living of a person, which largely diverges from concrete steps in the sphere of ensuring a decent standard of living of the population.
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44

Yitayaw, Mekonnen Kumlachew, Habtamu Legese Feyisa, Wondmagegn Biru Mamo, and Yohannes Kefale Mogess. "exus between being landlocked and living standards in Sub-Saharan African countries: A two-step System GMM analysis." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 6, no. 1 (August 11, 2022): 1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v6i1.1421.

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The ultimate objective of the study was to investigate the effects of being landlocked on the living standards in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries from 1991 to 2019. Adopting the two-step estimation technique of System GMM (generalized method of moments), the study found that being landlocked has a negative and significant effect on the living standards in SSA countries when using GDP per capita as the living standard measure. Moreover, the historical living standard experiences of SSA countries have a positive and significant influence on the current living standard level. In addition, the population growth rate has a positive and significant effect on the living standards in SSA countries. On the other hand, the official exchange rate, broad money as a percentage of GDP, and inflation have a negative and significant effect on the living standards in SSA countries. Generally, the estimated result reveals the existence of a significant variation in the living standards in landlocked and coastal SSA countries. This study suggests that regional integration between landlocked and transit countries should be improved to minimize entry costs and increase access to global markets for landlocked countries. We argue that this study is of interest to landlocked and coastal countries to increase trade integration and promote the development of both groups, and it will contribute to the scarce empirical evidence.
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45

Rim, Gwang-Nam, and Chol-Ju An. "Impact of Transport Infrastructure on Living Standards: Evidence from the Chinese Provinces Directly Affected by the "One Belt, One Road" Initiative." Business Perspective Review 4, no. 1 (August 2, 2022): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/bpr.v4i1.431.

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Purpose: This paper discusses the impact of transport infrastructure on living standards in the Chinese provinces directly affected by the “One Belt, One Road” initiative. Methods: The impact of transport infrastructures such as railways and highways on people’s living standards, more specifically, the household consumption level in the Chinese provinces directly affected by the "One Belt, One Road" was analyzed based on data from 2008 to 2017 from National Bureau of Statistics of China and some databases related to the "One Belt, One Road". Descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression were applied for analysis. Results: a)The living standards are not improved in proportion to the development level of railways and highways due to influences of various factors on living standards, b) the development level of transport infrastructure does not have enough impact on reducing the gap in living standards between urban and rural areas in the Chinese provinces under study, c) the development level of transport infrastructure has a relatively more significant impact on living standards in coastal provinces than inland provinces under study, and d) in the future, the measures to develop the transport infrastructure may provably contribute to achieving targets for enhancing the living standards under the realization of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative. Implications: To enhance the living standard, the management of investment in transport infrastructure as well as other factors, such as employment, income distribution, supply of goods and services, price level, etc. affecting people’s living standard ought to be improved in line with the features of a given region.
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46

Chiara, Elena Dalla, Martina Menon, and Federico Perali. "An Integrated Database to Measure Living Standards." Journal of Official Statistics 35, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 531–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jos-2019-0023.

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Abstract This study generates an integrated database to measure living standards in Italy using propensity score matching. We follow the recommendations of the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress proposing that income, consumption of market goods and nonmarket activities, and wealth, rather than production, should be evaluated jointly in order to appropriately measure material welfare. Our integrated database is similar in design to the one built for the United States by the Levy Economics Institute to measure the multiple dimensions of well-being. In the United States, as is the case for Italy and most European countries, the state does not maintain a unified database to measure household economic well-being, and data sources about income and employment surveys and other surveys on wealth and the use of time have to be statistically matched. The measure of well-being is therefore the result of a multidimensional evaluation process no longer associated with a single indicator, as is usually the case when measuring gross domestic product. The estimation of individual and social welfare, multidimensional poverty and inequality does require an integrated living standard database where information about consumption, income, time use and subjective well-being are jointly available. With this objective in mind, we combine information available in four different surveys: the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions Survey, the Household Budget Survey, the Time Use Survey, and the Household Conditions and Social Capital Survey. We perform three different statistical matching procedures to link the relevant dimensions of living standards contained in each survey and report both the statistical and economic tests carried out to evaluate the quality of the procedure at a high level of detail.
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47

Johnston, David W., and Nidhiya Menon. "Income and views on minimum living standards." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 199 (July 2022): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2022.05.007.

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48

Abidov, Abdujabbor. "PROBLEMS OF CREATING A LIVING STANDARDS MODEL." INNOVATIONS IN ECONOMY 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9491-2021-1-2.

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This article is devoted to the development of a model for determining the standard of living of the population. The problems of using data warehouses, communication models of e-government that form the basis of digital platforms, big data, issues of the digital economy, the choice of data structures, methods of formal modeling of relationships are also considered.As a result, a model was developed using the poverty criteria set out in the Poverty Measurement Toolkit when determining the international poverty line.
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49

Cheren'ko, L. M. "Household Living Standards in Ukraine: Contemporary Characteristics." Problems of Economic Transition 51, no. 7 (November 1, 2008): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/pet1061-1991510707.

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50

Shyshkin, V. S. "Regional Variations in Living Standards in Ukraine." Problems of Economic Transition 51, no. 8 (December 1, 2008): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/pet1061-1991510804.

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