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Liddle, Philip. "Victorian Walsall : an economic and social study." Thesis, University of London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390346.
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Kumar, Tanya. "Negotiating a living : working children in Kolkata." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6fbe18b8-093d-490b-9ed9-783d4a7ede56.
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The majority of children, involved in both waged and unwaged work exist beyond the control and comprehension of national and international regulation, within the informal economy. Research has shown that the informal economy, contrary to general perception, is not a sphere of unregulated activity, but rather, operates through alternative structures and techniques of power. Children's work within the informal economy, and therefore outside the regulative reach of the state, is subject to extra-legal modes of regulation that are pursued through elaborate systems of discipline and power exercised by non-state actors, groups, and social institutions and networks. Through a case study on children in Kolkata, India, who are engaged in specific forms of informal work in three distinct urban spaces – domestic servitude in the private realm of the home, small-scale manufacturing and service work in factories and shops, and ragpicking, scavenging and begging on the streets – this thesis aims to explore the way children's lives are constructed through work and space, to uncover the social processes and relations of power that working children navigate in order to build and sustain their livelihoods. I examine the way that children's spaces of work are imbued with social relations of gender, caste, religion, ethnicity and power that are enacted through the construction of hierarchies, divisions of labour, and work regimes. I also explore the politics of these spaces, revealing the primary economic partnerships and obstacles that children contend with in constructing their working lives. Overall, I aim to uncover the ways in which children engage with and negotiate the extra-legal systems of regulation by categorically analysing children's work in the home, shop and factory, and street.
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Alnasseri, Saif Sultan. "Policies to Sustain High Standards of Living in Oil-Exporting Arabian Gulf Countries." Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366346.
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This study addresses the following research question: “Taking into account the major trends in oil extraction and depletion, economic diversification and development, and population growth, what policies should be adopted by oil-exporting countries in the Arabian Gulf region to sustain high living standards?” The countries of interest include Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and Kuwait. Standards of living in these countries have generally risen during the last 35 or so years, even after real output per capita fell substantially in the mid-1980s. Public consumption has been very high by international standards and the countries have not been able to save and invest adequate amounts overseas. Economic diversification has often been limited in scope, in that the ‘new’ industries tend to be highly dependent on oil themselves. There is thus an urgent need for further reforms to achieve a broader-based economy and an increased role for the private sector. Greater emphasis will need to be placed on improving the technological knowledge and capabilities of Gulf citizens. In the 1970s, labour was imported primarily to meet the needs of rapidly developing domestic economies. After 1980, however, the importation of foreign labour became a self-feeding process that was not necessarily in the best long-term interest of the nationals. The governments have made numerous efforts to limit the number of foreign workers, but have not met with significant success, mainly because of the absence of a coherent strategy and a lack of consistent application of regulations. Both of these can be related to an underlying lack of political will. Gulf countries should apply regulations concerning the repatriation/rotation of foreign labour more consistently, and should pay foreign workers higher effective wages. Some of this increase should be saved and invested, to be paid as end-of-service ‘gratuities’ that would help foreign workers re-establish themselves upon returning to their own countries. For nationals, a coordinated strategy should be implemented to develop their skills and capabilities for employment in practical occupations, and to prepare them to be internationally competitive in the long run. Instead of giving every citizen a job in the public sector, it is preferable to provide a basic benefit (income supplement) that does not interfere with incentives to work in productive jobs in the private sector. Results from the simulation model demonstrate that no matter how big their oil reserves are, the countries will have to face severe deteriorations in wealth and living standards if historical trends continue into the long term. However, if appropriate adjustments are implemented early enough, some of the worst consequences can be avoided. Essentially, these adjustments work by reducing current consumption and increasing investment, thus allowing physical and human capital stocks, as well as the net stock of assets held overseas, to grow more rapidly. Results from the survey of opinions indicate an awareness of the serious problems that would ensue following the depletion of oil, and considerable willingness to contemplate a wide range of fundamental changes to sustain standards of living in the long term. Nevertheless, care will need to be exercised to ensure that any changes made will not infringe upon the basic right of all individuals.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics
Griffith Business School
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Jackman, David Glenn. "Living in the shade of others : intermediation, politics and violence in Dhaka city." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.723337.
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Bangladesh is often perceived as disordered, characterised by the absence of law abiding systems of governance, and with the poor left to rely on corrupt and dysfunctional relationships. This thesis tells a different story. Examining the lives of people living in the open and most basic slums ethnographically in Dhaka city reveals that people have complex dependencies on ‘intermediaries’ or ‘brokers’ to access resources. Rather than see these relationships as dysfunctional, the core argument developed is that they are inherently part of how social order is maintained in Bangladeshi society. If order is understood as contingent on actors throughout society establishing a dominant capability for violence and accruing resources on this basis, then intermediation can be seen as a prominent means by which both of these ends are achieved. These relationships are thus intertwined with how violence is organised and controlled. A young man who grew up at a bazar described how people need to live in the shade of others, and this metaphor is used to portray this phenomenon. This thesis argues that intermediation in Dhaka has changed significantly over the past decade, with the mastan gangs once identified as powerful in radical decline, replaced by wings of the ruling political party. At the lowest levels of urban society, a complex web of intermediaries exists, including labour leaders, political leaders, their followers and informers. Some people attempt to rise in this order by mobilising as factions and demonstrating their capability for violence, but more generally people employ tactics and strategies for avoiding, negotiating and even exiting these relationships. Negotiating these relationships and one’s place in this order is conceptualised here as the politics of intermediation.
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Walker, John Geoffrey. "Labour market and rising living standards in 1950s western Europe : the case of the Netherlands." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2000. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1601/.
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This thesis looks at the rapid rise in living standards in western Europe during the 1950s. It argues that this rise occurred as a result of structural changes in the labour force, changes that were associated with the high growth rates and industrial expansion of the period. The thesis looks specifically at the Netherlands, where rising living standards went side by side with wage control. The purpose of wage control was to enable funds to be made available for industrial expansion. The wage control system and industrialisation polices are described, along with critiques that have argued that wage control failed to hold down wage levels. This alleged failure is rejected as the explanation of the rapid rise in living standards. A test of the effect of full employment on wage levels shows that wage rates in a number of industries where demand for labour was extremely high rose measurably by more than they otherwise would have done, but nowhere near enough to explain the rise in incomes during the period. The effects of sectoral change on male incomes are also calculated. Manufacturing increased its workforce during the period by recruiting young workers, new entrants into the workforce, who received higher pay than they would have received working in other sectors. Earnings have a tendency to rise with age, and the combination of these factors resulted in a median rise in male real incomes of over a hundred percent across the 1950s. A contribution to this rise was also made by the movement of older male industrial workers into office work, and by the movement of self-employed craftsmen into industrial employment. The rise in participation of unmarried women, particularly after 1952, increased the amount of earnings brought into households, with the result that household incomes rose even faster than male earnings.
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Fassi, M. N. "Living in the legal limbo. A socio-legal approach to sex workers and waste pickers' claims for labour recognition." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/362161.
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This thesis explores the relationship between work, criminality and law. It does so by understanding how the legal/illegal dividing line shapes, and is shaped, by the moving borders between work/non-work and crime/non-crime. The groups described in this thesis exist in an area of in-between in which socio-legal dynamics of power and resistance emerge. The notion of ‘legal limbo’ that is defined an explored in the thesis refers to activities, situations or orientations that are neither legal nor illegal in a specific legal system. In the search for an empirical account of the notion of legal limbo, this research uses income-generating activities that are not protected by labour law nor are they conceived as crime, as its primary focus of analysis: sex workers and waste pickers in the city of Córdoba-Argentina.
In order to empirically assess these two groups’ dynamics in the legal limbo, this thesis adopts a qualitative methodology. The fieldwork has been divided in three stages: first, a pilot study with groups whose income generating activity was in the legal limbo in the city of Córdoba; second, the fieldwork with sex workers and waste pickers; and third, series workshops to facilitate contextual debates about what these groups want from the law. Empirically, then, the thesis explores the betwixt socio-legal position of those workers. Therefrom, the key research question that therefore guides this inquiry is: What are the socio-legal dynamics of power and resistance around sex work and waste picking in the city of Córdoba-Argentina?
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Al-Khazraj, Yeihya Torkey. "International labour migration and urbanization in Saudi Arabia : the working and living experiences of Egyptian doctors and their families in Jeddah." Thesis, University of Hull, 1992. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:12344.
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This thesis investigates the working and living experiences of temporary Egyptian migrant doctors and their families in Saudi Arabia's major urban centres. The empirical research was conducted in Jeddah city, the largest urban centre in the Western province of Saudi Arabia, where the majority of the Saudi foreign workforce live and work. Saudi Arabia has experienced enormous economic and social development, including its health care system, over the last two decades. A huge influx of temporary foreign migrant labour was brought into the country to administer and execute economic development projects. With most of the country's infrastructural projects accomplished, the demand on unskilled and semi-skilled migrant workers has begun to decline in recent years and is expected to decline further in the foreseeable future. However, skilled and highly skilled migrant workers are in great demand, as the focus of economic development centres on the maintenance and running of the accomplished infrastructural projects. The health services sector is among the major employers of expatriate migrant workers. This sector relies very heavily on foreign medical personnel at all levels and for most of its activities. The main concern of the study is the attempt to provide adequate answers to central questions, such as : What are the motives behind the migration of this group of highly skilled Egyptian migrants to Saudi Arabia? What are the consequences of migration for their medical careers? How do Egyptian doctors and their families adjust to living and working in Saudi society? Are they affected in the same way as unskilled and semi -skilled mi grants by the kefeel system? Do these migrants and their families expect that they will easily re-adjust to life in Egypt when they eventually return home, or do they anticipate that they will encounter some difficulties ? The present study agrees in some respects, and disagrees in others, with other studies on the field of migration in general. The findings of the study also show some similarities and differences between highly skilled Egyptian migrants in Saudi Arabia and other groups of unskilled and semi-skilled migrant workers living and working in the country and in other Arab labour-importing countries of the Middle East.
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Mabhena, Rejoice. "An application of synthetic panel data to poverty analysis in South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7801.
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Doctor EducationisThere is a wide-reaching consensus that data required for poverty analysis in developing countries are inadequate. Concerns have been raised on the accuracy and adequacy of household surveys, especially those emanating from Sub-Saharan Africa. Part of the debate has hinted on the existence of a statistical tragedy, but caution has also been voiced that African statistical offices are not similar and some statistical offices having stronger statistical capacities than others. The use of generalizations therefore fails to capture these variations. This thesis argues that African statistical offices are facing data challenges but not necessarily to the extent insinuated. In the post-1995 period, there has been an increase in the availability of household surveys from developing countries. This has also been accompanied by an expansion of poverty analyses efforts. Despite this surge in data availability, available household survey data remain inadequate in meeting the demand to answer poverty related enquiry. What is also evident is that cross sectional household surveys were conducted more extensively than panel data. Resultantly the paucity of panel data in developing counties is more pronounced. In South Africa, a country classified as ‘data rich’ in this thesis, there exists inadequate panel surveys that are nationally representative and covers a comprehensive period in the post-1995 period. Existing knowledge on poverty dynamics in the country has relied mostly on the use of the National Income Dynamic Study, KwaZulu Natal Dynamic Study and smaller cohort-based panels such as the Birth to Twenty and Birth to Ten cohort studies that have rarely been used in the analysis of poverty dynamics. Using mixed methods, this thesis engages these data issues. The qualitative component of this thesis uses key informants from Statistics South Africa and explores how the organization has measured poverty over the years. A historical background on the context of statistical conduct in the period before 1995 shows the shaky foundation that characterised statistical conduct in the country at the inception of Statistics South Africa in 1995. The organization since then has expanded its efforts in poverty measurement; partly a result of the availability of more household survey data. Improvements within the organization also are evidenced by the emergence of a fully-fledged Poverty and Inequality division within the organization. The agency has managed to embrace the measurement of multidimensional poverty. Nevertheless, there are issues surrounding xv available poverty related data. Issues of comparability affect poverty analysis, and these are discussed in this thesis. The informants agreed that there is need for more analysis of poverty using available surveys in South Africa. Against this backdrop, the use of pseudo panels to analyse poverty dynamics becomes an attractive option. Given the high costs associated with the conduct of panel surveys, pseudo panels are not only cost effective, but they enable the analysis of new research questions that would not be possible using existing data in its traditional forms. Elsewhere, pseudo panels have been used in the analysis of poverty dynamics in the absence of genuine panel data and the results have proved their importance. The methodology used to generate the pseudo panel in this thesis borrows from previous works including the work of Deaton and generates 13 birth cohorts using the Living Conditions Surveys of 2008/9 and 2014/15 as well as the IES of 2010. The birth cohorts under a set of given assumptions are ‘tracked’ in these three time periods. The thesis then analysed the expenditure patterns and poverty rates of birth cohorts. The findings suggested that in South Africa, expenditures are driven mostly with incomes from the labour market and social grants. The data however did not have adequate and comparative variables on the types of employment to further explore this debate. It also emerged that birth cohorts with male headship as well as birth cohorts in urban settlements and in White and Indian households have a higher percentage share of their income coming from labour market sources. On the other hand, birth cohorts with female headship and residing in rural, African and in Coloured households are more reliant on social grants. The majority of recipients of social grants receive the Child Social Grant and its minimalist value partly explains why birth cohorts reporting social grants as their main source of income are more likely to be poor when compared to birth cohorts who mostly earn their income from the labour market. Residing in a female-headed household, or in a rural area as well as in Black African and Coloured increases the chances of experiencing poverty. This supports existing knowledge on poverty in South Africa and confirms that these groups are deprived. The results of the pseudo panel analysis also show that poverty reduced between 2006 and 2011 for most birth cohorts but increased in 2015. Policy recommendations to reduce poverty therefore lie in the labour market. However, given the high levels of unemployment in the country today, more rigorous labour incentives are required.
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Asselain, Valentin. "A la recherche de l'épanouissement et de la durabilité au travail. Les dilemmes de la professionnalisation des cueilleurs et cueilleuses de plantes sauvages en France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPASB018.
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La cueillette commerciale de plantes sauvages a pris progressivement le pas sur les cueillettes que réalisaient les familles paysannes jusqu'aux années 1960 pour compléter leurs revenus. Elle a suivi le cours des mutations du monde agricole et de l'industrie pharmaceutique depuis la moitié du XXème siècle, s'est diversifiée et répond aujourd'hui à de nouvelles attentes sociétales vis-à-vis de la nature et du soin. Les cueilleurs et cueilleuses contemporains, disséminés sur tout le territoire et plus particulièrement dans les zones de moyenne montagne, font appel à un très large éventail de pratiques. Que ce soit en termes de volumes de cueillette, de procédés de transformation, de modes de commercialisation ou encore de rapport à la nature, le groupe professionnel des cueilleurs est marqué par une forte hétérogénéité. Dans leur très grande majorité, les cueilleurs pratiquent aussi la mise en culture de Plantes à Parfum, Aromatique et Médicinales (PPAM), et diversifient leurs sources de revenus.Le rapport au travail des cueilleurs est marqué par l'importance que prennent les dimensions sensibles vis-à-vis des plantes, et plus généralement des milieux naturels qu'ils sont amenés à sillonner de saison en saison. Ils se démarquent ainsi du processus de modernisation agricole ayant dépossédé les paysans de leurs savoirs, au profit d'une relation jugée privilégiée avec la nature et marquée par l'empirisme. Toutefois, diverses menaces planent sur la ressource en plantes sauvages côtoyée par les cueilleurs. Ce métier, jugé attractif et investi par un grand nombre de personnes ces dernières années, est encore mal reconnu par les pouvoirs publics, et peu audible au sein de la profession agricole. L'organisation des cueilleurs en collectifs (associations, syndicats...) œuvre ainsi à la professionnalisation de l'activité. Cette dernière, faite d'une variété de “chemins” sur lesquels s'embarquer ou pas, mène les cueilleurs à redéfinir les contours de leur activité, à se mettre en lien avec de nouvelles “écologies” professionnelles, mais aussi questionner le bien-fondé de telles initiatives. Ces dernières sont en effet ambivalentes, d'autant plus quand les métiers concernés sont en proximité avec le vivant.Après trois années d'entretiens et d'immersion auprès des cueilleurs et des acteurs institutionnels ou économiques proches des cueillettes commerciales, nous tâcherons de répondre à la question suivante : en quoi la professionnalisation de la cueillette pourrait ou non participer à l'émancipation des cueilleurs et la durabilité du métier ? La professionnalisation est souvent le signe d'un bouleversement de l'activité, vers une plus grande normalisation. La voie est donc étroite, entre le souhait de conserver les aspects émancipateurs du métier, et la réponse collective à apporter à différentes menaces, que ce soit la pression sur les milieux naturels, les effets de la mondialisation du marché des plantes, les conséquences du dérèglement climatique ou encore les possibles effets de concurrences entre cueilleurs sur leurs propres sitesThe interest of new actors for professional foraging in continental France has been growing since the 80's. Nowadays, foragers are found everywhere on the territory, especially in semi-montaneous regions. They display a wide range of practices, whether on the amout of gathered plants, their transformation processes, their commercialisation methods or their relation with their environment. Thus, the foragers' professional group is characterised by its heterogeneity. For the most part, they complement their gatherings with the cultivations of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs), and look for the diversification of their incomes.The foragers' relationship with work is marked by their sensitivity with plants, and more generally with the natural environments they roam. They differentiate themselves from the agriculture's post-WW2 modernisation process that stripped the agricultors of their traditional knowledge. On the contrary, foragers have maintained a priviledged relation with nature, a direct relation with the living and empirism-driven skills. Nevertheless, the ressource seeked by foragers is under threat. There has been growing interest for their work, and many people started to forage in the past years. But they still lack from recognition, both by the institutions or within the rural world. In response, foragers organised themselves into collectives (syndicates, associations…) and are professionalising their activity. It consists of a series of “paths” on which foragers can decide if they want to engage themselves or not. They are let to redefine the boudaries of their occupation, get in touch with new professional “ecologies”, but can also question the merits and the validity of such processes. In fact, professionalisation is an ambiguous process, even more for activites close from nature.After three years of interviews and immersion in the world of the foragers and the institutions and economic players with whom they are in contact, we will attempt to answer the following question: in what extent the foragers' professionnalisation could participate to their emancipation and the sustainability of their activity ? Professionalising an activity often leads it to its normalisation. Thus, there is only a narrow path between the will to preserve the emancipatory facets of an occupation, and answering collectivly to what threatens it, such as the various pressures on natural habitats, the consequences of climate change, or the possible competition between foragers themselves on their own sites
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Šimková, Martina. "Sociální a ekonomické aspekty stárnutí populace ČR." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-203731.
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This dissertation thesis deals with an economic evaluation of population ageing in the Czech Republic. The emphasis is put on statistical and economic factors. The issue of population ageing is very wide and it affects many areas of human life. Therefore, it should be perceived in its range. The substance lies in continuity among economic area, health, education, housing, retirement policy and migration policy. Both macroeconomic and social effects of changes in the demographic structure of population should be regularly evaluated. Impacts of demographic ageing are both qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative relate to personal life, good health in old age, ensuring an adequate living standard and security of older persons. Similarly, quantitative impacts cover sustainability of funding of the pension system and social and health care systems. The thesis focuses on important factors that are often neglected and that can represent the threat to the proper function of society. On the contrary, there can be found factors acting positively e.g. the issue of labour immigration or integration of older people into the labour market. This dissertation thesis also provides complex statistical and economic view on the issue of population ageing including all key factors and effects on pensions, health, social and demographic area. The aim of the thesis lies is in the synthesis of important factors connected with population ageing and provides statistical assessment of the issue. The thesis provides procedures and methods that are innovative in the Czech Republic.
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Högman, Ann-Kristin. "Ageing in a changing society : Elderly men and women in urban Sweden 1830-1930." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Historiska studier, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-54194.
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This study deals with the impact of industrialisation and urbanisation on the living conditions of aged men and women. By studying labour force participation, savings and pensions, the role of the family, and the extent of dependency of aged men and women from a gender and class perspective, continuities and changes between pre-industrial and industrial times are examined. The main focus is placed on the situation of elderly persons living in the town of Sundsvall between 1830 and 1930. This town became the commercial centre of one of the largest saw-mill districts in the world at the end of the nineteenth century. The residence patterns of old men and women in Sundsvall are also compared with those in two other Swedish industrialised urban areas; the capital Stockholm and the textile centre Norrköping. According to modernisation theorists, industrialisation and urbanisation led to an increase in dependency in old age, due to weakening family ties and unemployment. This study shows the complexity of the issue. It is true that some sources reveal a declining proportion of men participating in the labour force at the very end of the period of observation, but this was primarily due to the introduction of the national pension system in 1914. On the other hand, other records show a stability or even an increasing proportion of elderly men and women in the labour market. By contrast with previous studies of the residence patterns of aged persons, this dissertation shows a very high percentage of elderly women living alone in all three urban areas selected for study. However, this was not solely a sign of isolation, since the vast majority of those elderly living in households of their own had children residing in the vicinity. Furthermore, many old men and women shared households with their children, although this pattern was less common among the working class. The role of off-spring appears to have been important both in pre-industrial and industrial times. The residence patterns of the urban elderly were probably influenced by traditional rural living arrangements, to the extent that old couples and their married children often lived close to each other but usually maintained households of their own. Old parents and their adult children might have preferred to live in separate households instead of crowding in with each other. The unmarried elderly were probably most affected by the transformations taking place at the end of the nineteenth century. A considerable number of them migrated late in life, leaving all their relatives behind. Therefore, they became highly vulnerable. Unmarried men tended to be more exposed to the dangers of urban life. They probably experienced tougher working conditions, had weaker social networks, and could not manage on their own to the same extent as women. Therefore, a larger propor-tion of men than women ended up in the workhouse.digitalisering@umu
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Kathol, Nichole Kathryn. "LOCAL 209'S STRIKE FOR A LIVING WAGE: A RECONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE GENERIC CONCEPT OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1089835543.
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Towey, Shawn K. "Working for a Living Wage in Philadelphia." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/67542.
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Urban StudiesM.A.
The living wage movement swept American cities in the mid-1990s, bringing new attention to working poverty and challenging the economic development ethos of urban regimes. This case study of the living wage in Philadelphia merges regime theory and social movement theory to explain the outcomes of two very different campaigns in 1997-1999 and 2005. Documents were examined and interviews were conducted with a variety of actors in social movement organizations, a union, and from within the regime. Socioeconomic conditions created fertile ground for economic justice advocates and constrained the actions of the regime, but did not determine the outcome of the campaign. A social movement analysis explains, in part, why the coalition lacked capacity to challenge the regime in the earlier campaign, although a similar level of mobilization was adequate in other cities with Democratic regimes. Regime theory provides insights into why the governing coalition mounted opposition in 1998, yet allowed an ostensibly similar bill to pass in 2005. By 2005 social movement organizations were operating on a different geographic scale, and had adopted new strategies that allowed them to use a weak living wage bill (and to be used in turn by a regime politician) as a means to an end, which was to impact working poverty statewide. There has been inadequate enforcement of a policy passed from within city council, without involvement of direct stakeholders.
Temple University--Theses
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Hanrahan, Kelsey B. "Living Care-fully: Labor, Love and Suffering and the Geographies of Intergenerational Care in Northern Ghana." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/40.
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Care is socially constructed, shaped by expectations embedded within particular relationships and the culturally-specific understandings of what it means to work, love and suffer. In this dissertation, I conceptualize care as a fundamental component of everyday life in which individuals are oriented towards the needs of others. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in a rural Konkomba community in northern Ghana, I explore the geographies of care shaping the everyday experiences of women engaged in intergenerational relationships as they encounter emerging dependencies associated with ageing. Dependencies emerge when an individual requires support and care from another, and in turn the struggles for, and the provision of this support has material and emotional implications for those involved. I make three primary contributions. First, I examine the potential for a feminist ethics of care within livelihoods approaches in order to destabilize notions of independence and material outcomes, arguing that livelihood strategies are characterized by interdependencies within families and communities. Second, I contribute to an understanding of the politics of care by considering women's mobility in the face of competing demands on their labor and resources. Despite responsibilities to provide a 'good death', women experience social and material hurdles to negotiate their mobility in order to provide end of life care to a parent. Third, I explore the embodied emotional experiences of elderly women as they experience dependencies and struggle to engage in material exchange and caring relationships. As a result of these emergence of dependencies, women's everyday lives are deeply shaped by experiences of love and suffering. In northern Ghana, as in other rural agrarian communities in developing regions, the elderly population is growing and a weak formal care infrastructure is ill-prepared to face the pressures of an ageing population. Through this dissertation, I highlight the complex geographies of care shaping everyday life experiences and contribute to an understanding of the particular issues faced by communities where intergenerational relationships are key to lives lived with care.
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Qin, Min Sureeporn Punpuing. "Labor migration, left behind elderly living arrangements and intra-household elderly care in Kanchanaburi DSS, Thailand /." Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd415/4838141.pdf.
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Bullard, González Alfredo, and Requena Julio Gamero. "The minimum living wage and its impact on workers." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/108398.
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The diverse discussions around the Minimum Living Wage have been very controversial and constant over the past decades due to the economic, social and political context inwhich Peru was immersed. However, these discussions have reduced its recurrence overthe past years as a result of various factors, such as the development of labor rights andimprovement of the economic situation.However, it is extremely relevant to understand the importance of the role of the Minimum Living Wage and the implications it may have over the workers. That is why in the present exposition there will be a presentation of the opposing positions regarding the impact–positive or negative– of the existence of a Minimum Living Wage on workers.Las discusiones alrededor de la Remuneración Mínima Vital han sido muy polémicas yconstantes en las décadas pasadas debido alcontexto económico, social y político en el queel Perú se encontraba inmerso. Sin embargo, esas discusiones son cada vez menos recurrentes en la actualidad como resultado de la interacción de diversos factores, tales como eldesarrollo de los derechos laborales y la mejora de la situación económica.No obstante, es sumamente relevante entender la importancia del rol que tiene la Remuneración Mínima Vital y las implicancias de su fijación para los trabajadores. Es por ello que, en la presente exposición, se presentarán posiciones encontradas respecto al impacto –positivo o negativo– que la determinación de un salario mínimo puede tener en los trabajadores.
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Riddselius, Christopher. "Certification process of international standards in the Kenyan cut flower industry." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-58371.
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This thesis examines if auditors, managers and workers see certification and auditing as tools to improve working conditions in the Kenyan cut flower industry. It scrutinizes if mentioned stakeholders think that certification has been effective, since the state of working conditions of the industry were brought to attention in 2002 by academics and non-governmental organizations. The study further examines what different stakeholders see as challenges with the certification process as well as with the auditing process. The theoretical framework for the study consists of several theories from previous studies, including Gereffi’s buyer-driven value chain and Barrientos and Smith’s distinction between outcome standards and process rights. The study is partly a literature review but focus of the study is on the findings from ten semi-structured interviews. Among the stakeholder groups there was not one commonly expressed understanding on if certification and auditing had improved the working conditions. All three stakeholders emphasized some positive changes because of certification although they saw remaining challenges with for example freedom of association and increasing the level of wages to becoming living wages. The main findings in the study support Barrientos and Smith’s distinction and certification and auditing are argued not to be effective tools alone to reach improvements in the industry.
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Pitt, Jr Richard N. "Domestic capital, portative capital and gender capital: The effects of independent living and family of destination on men's household labor participation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280318.
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This study argues that domestic skills--accumulated, transferred, and elicited by different aspects of the life course--act as a major influence on men's household labor participation. Specifically, I argue that as men increase their skills via independent living, as they are presumed to have more relevant skills when raising older biological/step male children, or as they become more proficient in skills relative to other household workers, they are more or less likely to assume (or be assigned) different responsibilities in the household. First, I tested to what extent the years a man lives without some kind of caregiver--whether that caregiver is tied to him through consanguinal, romantic, or institutional ties--affected the amount of housework he does once married. I discovered that men who live independently for long periods of time are responsible for creating less housework than men who are not. They do not do any more or less housework than their peers who are married, cohabiting, or in military service longer, but their wives have less of it to do. A man's years of independent living is unrelated to his own contribution to housework. I also tested whether a husband's holdings of particular occupational characteristics--namely, high levels of female sex composition, a service orientation, and routine and repetitive work tasks--affect the amount of housework he does in the home and his share of the overall housework that is done. I found mixed effects of these characteristics on household division of labor. Men whose jobs are especially routine and repetitive create more housework and do more of the additional housework they create. Conversely, wives do spend more time doing housework when their jobs are more masculine in composition and/or less service oriented than their husbands' jobs. Finally, I investigated the relationship between children's characteristics--sex, age, birth order, and relationship to the father--and their father's contributions to both housework and childcare interactions. I found no effect of children's characteristics on men's housework particiatipation and limited effects of children's characteristics on men's childcare interactions; men spend more time in unorganized play/non-play activities when they have male children.
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Taylor, G. Stephen. "The role of relevant others in the determination of fair pay." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49939.
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Although scholars may disagree about the effectiveness of using money to motivate workers, few would deny the deleterious effects caused by employee perceptions of underpayment. Yet little is known about the process(es) through which individuals determine whether or not their pay is fair. Indeed, knowledge in this area largely is limited to the awareness that fair pay is a relative concept. That is, individuals judge the equity of pay not from the absolute size of the wage, but rather through comparisons of their wages to those of other people. In addition, pay referents such as the cost of living, also are used to evaluate pay. This use of relevant others is known as the social comparison process.
This study investigated the relationship between certain attitudinal and job-related characteristics of 206 individuals, and their reactions to 18 different pay comparisons. It was determined that respondents' attitudes toward the organization's wage distribution rule, level of aspiration, desire for external movement (to other employers), and social interaction were related to the way individuals view these comparisons. A structural variable--job tenure--was not found to have a statistically significant association with the social comparison process.
Unlike the six previous studies of this issue, this analysis was framed within the context of a theoretical model. Specifically, Goodman's two-stage model for the selection of pay referents was used to generate the variables of interest, the subsequent research hypotheses, and as a backdrop against which the results of the analysis could be interpreted.
Perhaps the most significant result of this study was finding rather marked temporal stability of pay comparisons. Test-retest analyses showed that over a 3-month period only 5 of 54 pay comparisons demonstrated a statistically significant change in terms of the frequency with which they were reportedly made, the importance ascribed to each comparison, or in terms of the satisfaction felt with each comparison. Finding this element of stability suggests that equity theory may have been prematurely abandoned as a research paradigm.Ph. D.
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Третяк, Т. В. "Безробіття." Thesis, Cумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/48958.
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Безробіття є негативним явищем, яке призводить до пониження рівня життя людей, і без подолання якого є однією з основ для розвитку економіки і виходу з економічної криза, в якій сьогодні опиналася Україна.
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Sherzai, Osman, and Gentrit Ajdini. "ATT ARBETA PÅ BEMANNINGSFÖRETAG : Arbetsvillkor i det nya flexibla arbetslivet." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42687.
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Abstract The purpose of this study is to enlighten the knowledge and expand the understanding of the rapidly growing staffing agencies, which contributes to a great workflow and flexibility to the expense of secure employments. Through our own experience working in the staffing industry, we have asked the question “How does a group of low qualified staffing industry workers experience the working conditions in the staffing industry?” At the same time, we also chose to include the experiences of two recruiters to strengthen the experiences of ambulatory employees. (halftime workers) This study is based on a hermeneutic science method, we also used semi structured qualitative interviews to gather essential information and empirical data. To interpret the empirical material, we use tree theories as a tool to explain the phenomenon we intended to investigate. The theories are following Sasika Sassen – Expolsions, Guy Standing – The precarious and Norbert Elias & John L Scotson`s theory of the established and outsiders. Our interpretation of the empirical material indicates that factors such as safety, solidarity and work conditions are affected in a negative way when you have a part-time employment. Where some people belonging to an abnormal social category often gets excluded and marginalized and excluded by others in the workplace. Part- time employment is characterized by flexibility, insecurity, exclusion, subordination, and lack of community.
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Hansen, Nathan. "Constructs: Truth, Lies, and Humanity." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2108.
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This thesis is a discussion of my ideas, struggles and outcomes experienced during the making of my two bodies of work, Devices and Relics. These two bodies of work explore fleeting moments, the intrinsic values of labor and imagination with reference to sedentary living and labor in contemporary American society.
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Biehl, Caroline. "Trabalho imaterial e estratégia de viver a vida em busca de afinação : o músico da cena autoral e independente." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/183010.
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Este estudo objetivou identificar, apresentar e analisar, à luz do trabalho imaterial, o trabalho e a estratégia de viver a vida de músico da cena autoral e independente na sociedade do hiperespetáculo. Sua base teórica foi fundamentada sob a noção de trabalho imaterial (GORZ, 2005; GRISCI, 2006; LAZZARATO; NEGRI, 2001), sociedade do espetáculo (DEBORD, 1997) e hiperespetáculo (LIPOVETSKY 2015), indústria musical e cena musical independente (GALLETA 2014; HERSCHMANN, 2012; MAUDONNET, 2015; NETO, 2015; FRANCIS, 2011; VIVEIRO; NAKANO, 2008), e estratégia existencial consumista (BAUMAN, 2008a; BAUMAN; RAUD, 2017). A pesquisa caracterizou-se como exploratória qualitativa e contou com a participação de quatorze músicos da cena autoral e independente que participaram, pelo menos, de um de dois coletivos de músicos da cena autoral e independente de Porto Alegre/RS e que estão ativos na cena. A coleta de dados se deu pela realização de um grupo focal com seis participantes de um dos coletivos mencionados e entrevistas semiestruturadas com outros oito músicos de ambos os coletivos. A análise de conteúdo seguiu orientações de Minayo (2001) e resultou três categorias de análise: (i) (auto)composição e trabalho imaterial: a difícil arte de ser músico da cena autoral e independente; (ii) música e cena autoral e independente; e (iii) estratégia de viver a vida em busca de afinação. O estudo permitiu mostrar o esforço em busca de afinação como estratégia de viver a vida de músico da cena autoral e independente. Algo que se dá em meio a tensão – consentir, resistir – no que diz respeito aos princípios e valores que circulam na cena independente cada vez mais dependente. A estratégia de viver a vida em busca de afinação explicita o debate entre a harmonia e a cacofonia, mostrando-se condizente com a estratégia existencial consumista (BAUMAN, 2008a; BAUMAND; RAUD, 2017).This study aimed to identify, present and analyze, based on immaterial labor, the work and the strategy of living of the authoral and independent scene musical life in the hyper-spectacle society. Its theoretical basis was grounded on the notion of immaterial labor (GORZ, 2005; GRISCI, 2006; LAZZARATO; NEGRI, 2001), spectacle society (DEBORD, 1997), hyper-spectacle society (LIPOVETSKY 2015), music industry and independent musical scene (GALLETA 2014; HERSCHMANN, 2012; MAUDONNET, 2015; NETO, 2015; FRANCIS, 2011; VIVEIRO; NAKANO, 2008) and existential consumerist strategy (BAUMAN, 2008a, BAUMAND, RAUD, 2017). The research was characterized as qualitative exploratory and reached the participation of fourteen authoral and independent scene musicians who have participated at least in one of two collective of musicians of the authorial and independent scene of Porto Alegre/RS and that are active in the scene . The data collection occurred through a focus group with six participants from one of the mentioned collectives and semi-structured interviews with eight other musicians from both collectives. Content analysis followed Minayo's (2001) instructions and supported three categories of analysis: (i) (self)composition and immaterial labor: the hard art of being authorial and independent scene musician; (ii) music and authorial and independent scene; and (iii) the strategy of living life looking for tuning. The study allowed to show the effort in looking for tuning as a strategy of living the authoral and independent scene musicians life. Something that occurs through the tension – consenting, resisting – regarding to the principles and values that circulate in the independent scene, increasingly dependent. The strategy of living life looking for tuning explicitly explains the debate between harmony and cacophony, showing itself to consistent with the existential consumerist strategy (BAUMAN, 2008a; BAUMAND, RAUD, 2017).
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Jílková, Lenka. "Vývoj dlouhodobé nezaměstnanosti v letech 1998 - 2008." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15729.
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In 2007 came into force amendments to the social security system in the Czech Republic. Agreed amendments aim to strengthen the motivation to enter and remain in the labour market, favouring those who seek to improve their situation through their own effort and unfavouring people living just on welfare benefits. There was thus a redefinition of the social benefits and their construction. And there was a significant reduction in unemployment in 2007. This thesis entitled "Developing long-term unemployment in the years 1998 - 2008" assesses the impact of these changes on the level of unemployment, special attention is paid to long-term unemployment. The work is not overlooked by the economic situation of the Czech Republic in the years 1998 - 2008.
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Klovan, Felipe Figueiró. "Sob o fardo do ouro negro : as experiências de exploração e resistência dos mineiros de carvão do Rio Grande do Sul na década de 1930." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/132366.
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Durante o governo provisório e constitucional de Getúlio Vargas ocorreu a criação do aparato sindicalista corporativista no Brasil. A partir dessa conjuntura, o presente estudo analisa as condições que possibilitaram as estratégias de resistência dos mineiros de carvão do então município de São Jerônimo, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul durante a década de 1930, contra a extrema exploração e opressão a que estavam submetidos através do desgastante e perigoso trabalho nos subsolos e da arquitetura mina-com-vila-operária. Nesse cenário da pesquisa, traça-se uma continuidade entre as condições de vida e trabalho, cultura e identidade de classe, inteligência própria, resistência individual, coletiva e organizada para compreender a eclosão de greves entre os anos de 1933 e 1935. Esses conflitos entre as Companhias extrativistas e os mineiros na arena jurídica e na pressão direta através da paralização da produção, auxiliam a entender muitos aspectos dessa comunidade encravada na região do Baixo Jacuí. A análise contempla, também, as condições peculiares da categoria mineira, os processos trabalhistas individuais, a refundação de entidades classistas como a FORGS e os sindicatos mineiros e as greves. Todos esses aspectos compõem experiências importantes para compreender a luta desses trabalhadores por direitos.While President Getúlio Vargas was under his provisional and constitutional command, there was the execution of the so called union and corporatist labor machine in Brazil. From this conjuncture, the present study analyses the conditions that brought the resistance strategies of the coal miners in the so called town São Jerônimo, situated in Rio Grande do Sul State, during the 30’s, against the extreme exploration and oppression that labors were submitted to through the dangerous and irksome work in the underground mine and architecture-with-village-working. Under the prospect of the research, a guide continuity is traced between the living and working conditions, culture and class identity, own intelligence section, individual, collective and organized resistance to understand the outbreak of strikes between the years 1933 and 1935. These conflicts between the Extractive companies and miners in the legal field and the direct pressure through the break of production help to understand many aspects of this community nestled in the Lower Jacuí region. The analysis also includes the peculiar conditions of the mining category, individual lawsuits, the refounding of class entities as FORGS and miners unions and strikes. All these aspects make up significant experiments to understand the struggle for rights of these workers.
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Kornhill, Anja, and Mikaela Liron-Andersson. "Fackföreningars roll i implementeringen av CSR och levnadslöner : En flerfallsstudie av svenska fackförbund och deras påverkan på multinationella företag." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-54747.
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Den ekonomiska globaliseringen och ökade världshandeln har lett till att multinationella företag till viss del fått ta sig an den roll som stater tidigare har haft och många företag har börjat använda sig av corporate social responsibility (CSR) som ett verktyg för detta. Frågan är om utvecklingen har gjort att andra aktörer, såsom fackföreningar, som tidigare varit en självklar aktör på den politiska arenan och en given del av den svenska företagssfären, nu kommit i skymundan. Det leder vidare till frågan om vad fackföreningar i så fall har för roll idag. Det föreligger ett gap i forskningen vad gäller fackföreningarnas roll i CSR-diskursen samt levnadslöner i utvecklingsvärlden, som kan ses som en del av CSR-konceptet. Ambitionen är att denna kvalitativa flerfallsstudie ska kunna bidra till den kunskapsbrist som tycks finnas gällande svenska fackföreningar och deras syn och roll vad gäller CSR och specifikt levnadslöner. Resultatet av studien visar att svenska fackföreningar överlag är skeptiska till CSR och att ett införande av levnadslöner är komplext. Vidare visar resultatet att det som står i vägen för levnadslöner är en svag stat och en ovilja bland företag och länder att införa konceptet. Studien avslutas med en diskussion om fackförbundens framtida roll som intressent till företagen samt vilka implikationer som föreligger i ett potentiellt införande av levnadslöner.Economic globalization and increased world trade have resulted in multinational corporations (MNCs) having to take on the role that states previously possessed and as a response many companies have started to use Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a means to manage the task. The question is whether this development has put other players in the global arena aside, such as labor unions, which historically have been a given stakeholder group in the political arena as well as in the field of Swedish business. This further leads to the question of what the role of labor unions is today. There is a gap in the research regarding the role of labor unions in the CSR-discourse as well as living wages in the developing world, which can be seen as a part of the CSR-concept. Based on a qualitative study of how Swedish unions perceive CSR and in particular living wages, we aim to fill this gap. The result of the study shows that unions are skeptical towards CSR and that an implementation of living wages is complex. In addition, part of the obstacles that stands in the way of an implementation of living wages is a weak state and an unwillingness among corporations and countries to adopt the concept. The study concludes with a discussion about the future role of labor unions as a stakeholder of corporations as well as the implications that exist in a potential adoption of living wages.
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Schick, Andreas Michael. "Height, Human Capital, and Economic Growth." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306273610.
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McRae, Kent Lewis. "Housing Affordability In Collier County: How Does It Affect Moorings Park Employees." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1209061220.
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Andrade, Marisa. "Mulheres refugiadas e o mercado de trabalho: um estudo no município de São Paulo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17667.
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This thesis aims to present the integration into the labor market and living conditions of refugee women in São Paulo . To achieve this purpose it was necessary to thoroughly investigate the reality of refuge in the world and in Brazil , considering the homeland legislation , international conventions and treaties to which Brazil is subsidiary . Accordingly, we sought to first identify the different groups of people moving in search of refuge , were considered as refugees only those people that according to Law 9474 of July 22, 1997 in art . I were forced to flee their homes in conflict situations , for religious, ethnic , political , among others . Conflicts endanger the life, liberty and security of the population suffering threats and persecutions effective , triggering the refuge . This situation forces the flight of people from their countries in search of a better life in another that receives . But to survive in another country need to work and this triggered the research in question , in which we investigated the inclusion of these women in São Paulo labor market , considering the work category and the changing world of work in the context of the capitalist system , linked intrinsically conditions such inclusion as a determinant for survival and reflect on the living conditions of these women in their educational background , professional qualifications and consequently the mode of insertion in the labor market factor. Accordingly, we proceeded to literature , which supported the theoretical study on the topic . The theoretical appropriation in relation to history and legislation was essential to initiate the study. Through qualitative research , based on critical and analytical examination of reality investigated , we proceeded to the analysis of the object of study , as well as field research by providing information necessary to the description and interpretation of the studied phenomenon . Thus , we proceeded to the examination of this particular reality through the use of standardized techniques for data collection , such as questionnaires and in-depth interview. The contact with four organizations active on the issue of refuge provided the data and conditions for contact with the refugees . We selected a representative sample of 53 refugee women living in the city of São Paulo , which provided information relevant to the analysis developed in this work . In the research process sought to unveil the concept of work , changes in this universe , the world of work and its transformations over the historical process of capitalist society , inter - relating them to the reality of refugee women . In this process , we sought to uncover the life story of refugee women, their living conditions, as it has been given its survival . However , despite having centered his focus of interest regarding the integration into the labor market and living conditions of this social group , this study was not limited solely to describe such conditions , but investigate what the state agency responsible for acceptance and permanence of these people have done and can do to accomplish what is already structured in speech , true hospitality to refugees , in the present study to refugees . As a corollary to this line of argument , we have that without the active presence of the state as a structuring agent , the country will hardly able to guarantee social protection to this group , which , as already mentioned , has grown every day . Considering the aspects sometimes punctuated , it is expected that this work can serve as an additional source of research and interest to all those who have refuge in their area of expertise , especially for those who dedicate themselves to the study of issues related to the rights of refugees , given still seeking to apprehend about living as refugees in São Paulo megalopolis . It is estimated that this research guidance for other researchers in the social service area and that it , unlike become a production on the shelves of academia , creates new discussions and debates in the new area of concern in some and in others , awakening " new looks " toward a more critical social and political refuge and about the reality of refugee
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo apresentar a inserção no mercado de trabalho e as condições de vida das mulheres refugiadas no município de São Paulo. Para atingir tal intento fez-se necessário uma investigação minuciosa da realidade do refúgio no mundo e no Brasil, considerando a legislação pátria, as convenções e tratados internacionais dos quais o Brasil é subsidiário. Nesse sentido, buscou-se inicialmente identificar os diversos grupos de pessoas que se deslocam em busca de refúgio, consideraram-se como refugiadas somente aquelas pessoas que de acordo com a Lei 9.474 de 22 de julho 1997 em seu art. I são forçadas a abandonar seus lares em situações de conflitos, por questões religiosas, étnicas, políticas, dentre outras. Os conflitos colocam em risco a vida, a liberdade e a segurança da população que sofre ameaças e efetivas perseguições, desencadeando o refúgio. Essa situação obriga a fuga das pessoas de seus países em busca de uma vida melhor em outro que as receba. Mas, para sobreviverem em outro país precisam trabalhar e isso desencadeou a pesquisa em questão, na qual se investigou a inserção dessas mulheres no mercado de trabalho paulistano, considerando a categoria trabalho e as mudanças no mundo de trabalho, no contexto do sistema capitalista, vinculada intrinsecamente às condições dessa inserção como fator determinante para a sua sobrevivência e refletem nas condições de vida dessas mulheres, na sua formação educacional, qualificação profissional e consequentemente no modo de inserção no mercado de trabalho. Nesse sentido, procedeu-se a pesquisa bibliográfica, que subsidiou o aprofundamento teórico sobre o tema. A apropriação teórica em relação ao histórico e à legislação foi essencial para dar início ao estudo. Por meio de pesquisa qualitativa, com base em exame críticoanalítico da realidade investigada, procedeu-se a análise do objeto de estudo, assim como a pesquisa de campo, fornecendo elementos necessários à descrição e interpretação do fenômeno estudado. Assim, procedeu-se ao exame dessa realidade particular mediante a utilização de técnicas padronizadas de coleta de dados, tais como o questionário e entrevista aprofundada. O contato com quatro organizações atuantes na questão do refúgio forneceu os dados e as condições para contato com as refugiadas. Selecionou-se uma amostra representativa de 53 mulheres refugiadas residentes na cidade de São Paulo, as quais forneceram as informações pertinentes às análises desenvolvidas neste trabalho. No processo de investigação buscaram-se desvelar o conceito de trabalho, as mudanças ocorridas nesse universo, o mundo do trabalho e suas transformações ao longo do processo histórico da sociedade capitalista, inter-relacionando-as com a realidade das mulheres refugiadas. Nesse processo buscou-se também desvelar a história de vida da mulher refugiada, suas condições de moradia, como tem se dado sua sobrevivência. Entretanto, a despeito de haver centrado seu foco de interesse no que concerne à inserção no mercado de trabalho e a condição de vida desse grupo social, não se limitou este estudo a descrever tão somente tais condições, mas investigar o que o Estado, órgão responsável pela acolhida e permanência dessas pessoas tem feito, e pode fazer para efetivar o que em discurso já está estruturado, a verdadeira acolhida aos refugiados, no estudo em questão às refugiadas. Como corolário dessa linha argumentativa, tem-se que sem a presença ativa do Estado como agente estruturador, dificilmente o país terá condições de garantir a proteção social a esse grupo, que, como já mencionado, tem crescido a cada dia. Considerando os aspectos ora pontuados, espera-se que este trabalho possa servir como fonte adicional de consulta e interesse para todos aqueles que têm no refúgio sua área de atuação, mormente para os que se dedicam ao estudo da problemática relacionada aos direitos dos refugiados, atendendo ainda aos que buscam apreender sobre como vivem as refugiadas na megalópole paulistana. Estima-se que esta pesquisa sirva de orientação para outros pesquisadores na área do serviço social e que a mesma, diferentemente de se tornar mais uma produção nas prateleiras da academia, suscite novas discussões e novos debates na área, inquietando alguns e, em outros, despertando novos olhares em direção a uma realidade mais crítica, social e política acerca do refúgio e das refugiadas
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Dias, Gadanha Alberto. "Razão e revolução: de Herbert Marcuse, por uma dialética de alteração institucional." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7627.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
“Herbert Marcuse‟s „Reason and Revolution‟ towards a institutional changing‟s dialectic” expounds the philosophical reasons of a revolutionnary‟s praxis. The argument is developed by the reciprocity of two dialectic‟s criteria: the historic understanding of the libertarian aims and of its institutional actuality. The freedom as an ontological category, first criterion, and the political process of human liberation, the second, accomplish the elements of the reciprocity‟s dynamics as expounded in “Reason and Revolution” at 1941. The 1960‟s preface, “A note on dialectic” develops the reciprocity between the freedom‟s consciousness and the process of its actuality, as a alternative discourse instead of surrendering to the establishment. The text also recognizes in the Marcuse‟s work of 1966, the analogy between the essential criteria of the dialectic perspective and the understanding that the affluent capitalism‟s negation demands two types of strategies, one stood by the concept of negation one as a internal power and the other as an external one. The internal negation reveals the unaccepetable contradictions of the capitalist system and the external permits understanding the protest for justice and for the human good, universal values, beyond the capitalist system.
“„Raison et Révolution' pour une dialectique de changement institutionel" déploit une fondement philosophique pour la practique révolutionnaire. L'argumentation était déployée par la réciprocité entre deux critères de la dialectique: la compréhension historique des objetives libertaires et la compréhension de sa éféctivité institutionel. La liberté comme catégorie ontologique, prémier critère et le processus politique de libération humaine, le second, constituent les éléments de la dynamique de la réciprocité exposés dans l'oeuvre de 1941, "Raison et Révolution". La réciprocité entre le procesus de connaissance de la libération et le processus de sa éféctivité est confirmée au préface."A note on dialectic" tant comme une language alternative à la capitulation à l'établissement comme le déploiement de l'argumentation à l'année de 1960. Le texte de 1966 "Le concept de négation dans la dialectique" on fait reconnaître l'analogie entre les critères essentiels pour une perspective dialectique et la compréhension que la négation du capitalisme développé demande deux types de stratégies, une fondée sur la négation comme supération interne et l'autre fondée sur la négation extérieure, la première révélée par les contradictions internes d'une totalité-part, la seconde, supération extérieure, que permet de comprendre la clameur de la justice e du bien, éléments universels de la totalité-majeure que la totalité-part capitaliste.
“Razão e Revolução de Herbert Marcuse, por uma Dialética de Alteração Institucional”, expõe a fundamentação filosófica de uma práxis revolucionária. A argumentação é desenvolvida a partir da reciprocidade entre dois critérios da dialética: a compreensão histórica dos objetivos libertários e a compreensão de sua efetivação institucional. A liberdade como categoria ontológica, primeiro critério e o processo político de libertação humana, o segundo, constituem-se elementos da dinâmica de reciprocidade como expostos na obra de 1941, “Razão e Revolução”. No prefácio “A note on dialectic” de 1960, a reciprocidade entre o processo de conscientização da liberdade e o processo de sua efetivação, constitue-se num discurso alternativo à capitulação ao estabelecido. Em 1966, reconhecemos a analogia dos critérios essenciais de uma perspectiva dialética com a compreensão de que a negação do capitalismo tardio exige dois tipos de estratégias, uma fundada na negação enquanto superação interna, e a outra fundada na negação como superação externa, a primeira expressa a partir das contradições internas de um todo-parte e a segunda, a superação externa, permite compreender o clamor por justiça e pelo bem, elementos universais de uma totalidade maior do que o todo-parte capitalista.
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Rueda, Sergio Ismael. "Labour Force Participation and Health-related Quality of Life in People Living with HIV." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/31924.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation consists of four papers aimed at understanding the complex relationship between employment and health. One paper is a systematic review of the return to work literature, while the other three papers used secondary data from three cohorts of people with HIV to examine the association between employment and health-related quality of life. The systematic review looked at longitudinal studies that reported health outcomes associated with return to work in relation to other employment trajectories. This review supported the beneficial effect of return to work on health in a variety of populations, times, and settings, and also found evidence that poor health interferes with the prospects of returning to work. Two other papers looked at the association between employment and health-related quality of life in people with HIV; one paper used a cross-sectional sample of people with HIV, while the other paper used a longitudinal sample of men who have sex with men. These two studies found evidence to support the association between employment and both physical and mental health-related quality of life. They also found that employment had a stronger relationship with physical than mental health, suggesting an adaptation process to the experience of unemployment. Finally, another paper examined the cross-sectional association between job security and quality of life in men and women living with HIV. This study found that job security offered additional mental health quality of life benefits, over and above participation in employment alone, for men living with HIV. On the other hand, women benefited from the availability of work, but the perception of job security failed to offer additional health benefits. The current level of evidence on the relationship between work and health in HIV needs to be strengthened by further research to develop and support practical clinical and policy recommendations.
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KOLEV, Alexandre. "Three essays on living standards and access to alternative sources of labour income in Russia during transition." Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4981.
Full textAbstract:
Defence date: 17 January 2000Examining board: Prof. Simon Commander, EBRD and the World Bank ; Prof. Andrea Ichino, European University Institute ; Prof. John Micklewright, EUI and UNICEF, Florence, Supervisor ; Prof. Michel Sollogoub, University of Paris 1
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
-- The role of the safety net and the labour market on falling cash consumption in Russia : 1994-96 -- The distribution of enterprise benefits and their impact on job satisfaction in Russia -- Labour supply in the informal economy in Russia during transition
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Saltis, Zachary Alexandre. "The economic consequences of declining real wages in the United States, 1970-2010." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4903.
Full textAbstract:
The present thesis is a study of the economic consequences of declining real wages in the United States. It proposes that, when the real wages of the majority of the U.S. workforce declined in the 1970s, 1980s and the first half of the 1990s, household labour supply increased. Consequently, real family income in the bottom eighty percent of the income distribution rose. Wage-earning households were not only struggling to maintain their acquired standard of living as real wages were declining, but they were also, perhaps more importantly, trying to raise their standard of living. It was precisely when household labour supply hit a ceiling in the second half of the 1990s, that household debt exploded. Surging household debt from the late 1990s until 2007 – driven primarily by home mortgage debt – suggests that the culturally powerful “American Dream” motivated wage-earning households to seek and expect a continuously rising standard of living via home ownership even in the face of topped out work hours and historically low real wages.
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Singleton, Gwynneth. "The Labour movement and incomes policy : origins and development of the accord." Phd thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/129771.
Full textAbstract:
The Hawke Labor government was elected for its third term of office in 1987. It owes
much of this success to its Accord with the Australian Council of Trade Unions. The
purpose of this thesis is to elucidate what consolidates and sustains the bargained
bipartite relationship that is the core of the Accord and central to its viability as a cooperative
incomes strategy for the industrial and political wings of the Australian labour
movement.
The thesis begins with an examination of what the Federal Parliamentary Labor Party
and the ACTU each sought to achieve from a co-operative incomes policy. The following
chapters trace the origins and development of the Accord, beginning with the difficulties
that arose between the Whitlam Labor government and the ACTU that prevented any
similar agreement. The post-Whitlam period brought about a change in attitude by both
the unions and the FPLP that made the Accord possible. The thesis examines the reasons
why Australian unions changed their approach from maintaining living standards
primarily through nominal increases to the industrial wage to embrace a collective
centralised incomes strategy that included the industrial wage, employment and the
social wage. The effective point of wage negotiation then lay with the ACTU. This thesis
examines the basis of ACTU wages policy and the reasons why the strategies that were
pursued to gain its implementation failed. This failure led directly to the Accord with
the FPLP. The following two chapters examine the reasons why and how the FPLP
reached similar conclusions about the necessity for a collective incomes policy with the
unions in 1979 and the subsequent negotiations that brought them to formal agreement
on the Accord with the ACTU in 1983.
The Accord has proved to be a flexible process that remains relevant nearly six years
after its inception. The operations and renegotiations of the Accord that have occurred
over this period are examined to determine why this has been possible. A discussion
about the relevance of corporatism to the Accord follows. This concludes that, while
there may be some aspects of corporatism that can be related to the Accord process, the
imprecise nature of corporatist theory raises doubts about its utility as an explanation
for the bargained bipartite relationship that is the essence of the Accord. It is suggested
that it is more satisfactory to regard the Accord as a contemporary embodiment of
traditional Australian labourism; that is, the balancing of economic, electoral and social
objectives by the trade union movement and the ALP to achieve what is politically and
economically possible through Labor in government.
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Narayana, Venkat K. "Impact of socio-economic factors in employment, wages and living conditions of agricultural labour-An indepth study of select villages in Warangal District." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/5414.
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Okpa, Michael Evalsam. "Working and living condition in contemporary South African farmlands: exploring the impacts of tenure reforms on farm workers and labour tenants, a study of Bethal district." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/19391.
Full textAbstract:
A Research to the Development Studies Department, Faculty of Humanities of the University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Master’s Degree (M.A) in Development Studies.
27 AUGUST, 2015The relationship between farmers and farm workers in South Africa in one steeped in controversy, yet this area of study has received little attention. Agrarian history in South Africa is topical especially when considering the interaction between farmers (predominantly white) and farm workers (almost entirely black) in a capitalist economy. Farm workers current social and economic situation is a product of colonialism, segregationist and apartheid policies, as well as capitalist development and post-apartheid development strategy. This study hence analyses the social cohesion within the commercial farming community, placed against the backdrop of the Land Reform Programme – tenure reform. The social relations and labour are highly shaped by the capitalist mode of production and through the control of capital. Total institutions, domestic governance, and paternalism, impedes successful tenure reform. The study reveals a mutual cohesion between farmer and their employees based on a variety of reasons ranging from mutual understanding, good communication, good working relationship, and treating such other fairly. Nonetheless, this does not mean that farm workers are not being maltreated as other studies on farm relations have shown. Without a doubt, land reform particularly tenure reform has clearly tested the patience of farmers. The study further acknowledges that the current land reform programme (especially tenure reform) is deficient, and has not benefited those for whom it was intended. Despite the legislation that have been passed in order to protect the rights of those living on farms, and to secure the labour right of those who work on them, there has been little improvement in securing tenure rights as well as the poverty level of many farm dwellers. Successful implementations of recent interventions to tenure security are the preconditions necessary for the broader land reform programme to reduce poverty levels among farm workers. Hence, securing tenure rights for farm workers must therefore be tired to programmes which aim to reduce poverty level among farm dwellers in general. Tenure reform by itself cannot alleviate rural poverty unless the government take a decisive action to stimulate the rural economy. Equally, farm dwellers (including farm workers and labour tenants) have felt the harshest consequence of the crises facing post-apartheid South Africa’s agriculture sector. This historical process has left its legacy in post-apartheid South Africa, characterised not only by a bimodal agricultural system but also by an unequal relation within (white) commercial farms where farm workers and labour tenants are faced with the harshest reality of poverty in the mist of agrarian wealth. This study therefore explores the disputed labour regime in the farming sector – the mechanisation and casualization of farm labour, as well as farm consolidation, both leading to a drop in rural/farm employment as an immediate consequence; and low unionisation of farm workers.
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Horčicová, Magda. "Porovnání porozvodové životní úrovně rodičů v kontextu sociální konstrukce cílových skupin." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358445.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis deals with social policy towards single-parent families in the Czech Republic with focus on alimony policy. I deal more closely with the standard of living by single-parent families and obligated parents. This problem is explored on the basis of theoretical framework called social construction of the target populations. Social policy towards single-parent families does not reflect their needs at the right time. Different approach could lead to improvement of their standard of living. The Czech society has not come with an agreement on reforming the social system to more benefit the single-parent families. Despite the fact that the concept of supporting single-parent families has been formally accepted by European Union and Czech government as one of the top priorities, this proclamation has not brought any real change to the single-parent families` standard of living. I try to understand a present situation/image of social policy towards single-parent families in regard to alimony policy with an application of theoretical framework social construction of the target population basis. For this purpose, I identify the real social construction of single-parent families and obligated parents in the political discourse. I examine the policy suggestions on alimony, and the...
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Bjorkli, Merete. "Displaced human capital : untapped talent of Greater Western Sydney." Thesis, 2010. http://handle.westernsydney.edu.au:8081/1959.7/uws:14354.
Full textAbstract:
This study analyses the impact of neoliberal ideology, theory and policies on the employment outcomes and employment experiences of a group of skilled and semi-skilled African refugees who have settled in Western Sydney since the 1990s. The rise of neoliberal policies in the last three decades has seen a ‘restructuring’ of the labour market and the cutting back and outsourcing of government services, which has made both refugees and also many migrants from developing countries an extremely exposed and vulnerable group in the Australian employment market. This study has firstly aimed to analyse the effect neoliberal ideology, economic and social policies have had on these groups‟ employment experiences and thereby also their understanding of their own labour market situation. They have settled in a labour market where success and failure has become purely correlated to one’s personal acquisitions of skills and qualifications. A world where overt forms of racial discrimination within employment settings rightfully has declined (Better, 2008), but where new and subtle varieties of racial discrimination instead have taken form (Giroux, 2008; Davis, 2007; Goldberg, 2009; Roberts and Mahtani, 2008, 2010). Secondly, it has aimed to analyse if neoliberal policies themselves have been a factor leading to structural discrimination and thereby segmentation in the labour market. While individual and structural forms of racial discrimination have been found at a range of levels in the Australian labour market, no other Australian study has explored the link between refugees, neoliberalism, employment and structural discrimination. A cross-disciplinary framework was therefore developed to come to terms with these aims. This framework included reference to labour market, race and governance theories. Despite these theories belonging to different disciplines, they were found to be an important vehicle to gain a full picture of what is going on within the Australian labour market. The data for this study comprises interviews with skilled African refugees who have settled in the Western Sydney region within the research period. It also includes interviews with government officials and service providers working with refugees and migrants in the employment sector in the same region.
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Maimela, Charles. "Legal issues relating to the treatment of persons living with cancer." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24490.
Full textAbstract:
Cancer is regarded as a global disease and one of the leading killer diseases in the
world. The reason why cancer is so widespread and often misunderstood stems from
multiple factors, namely, the lack of knowledge about cancer, unfair discrimination of
persons living with cancer, inadequate or inappropriate treatment provided to patients,
the stigma attached to cancer, misdiagnosis and late diagnosis of persons living with
cancer, as well as the inadequate provision of screening programs to detect cancer at
an early stage.
The combination of these issues raises alarming medico-legal problems that merit
further attention. The thesis will explore the origin, nature, philosophical and clinical
aspects pertaining to cancer, as well as legal issues related to cancer and oncology.
The study will conclude with recommendations aimed at mitigating and addressing the
shortcomings that exist in the medico-legal framework. The study will also draw on a
legal comparison of relevant South African, English and American laws and
regulations. Since this thesis entails focussing on medico-legal principles, the study
will draw on aspects of medical law, labour law, law of contract, law of delict,
constitutional law and criminal law.Private Law
LL. D.
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Molongoana, Henry Sifiso. "A critical evaluation of the protection of the rights of employees living with HIV/AIDS in the South African workplace." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23682.
Full textAbstract:
People living with HIV/AIDS have the right to be employed as long as they are physically fit to do the work. The unfortunate situation now is that in many South African workplaces employees who disclose their HIV/AIDS status or who are suspected of living with the disease face backlashes from fellow employees and sometimes even from employers. No one should be discriminated against or be prevented from being employed or dismissed from employment purely on the basis of having HIV or AIDS. Any form of discrimination against employees living with HIV/AIDS constitutes a violation of their constitutional rights to among others human dignity, equality and fair labour practices. Discrimination may take the form of pre-employment HIV testing or a dismissal due to HIV positive status.
This research looks at the protection given to employees living with HIV/AIDS in the South African workplaces and whether the protection is adequate or not.Mercantile Law
LL. M.
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Hong, Shi-Yuan, and 洪士淵. "Living Law, State Law and Labor-Management Relations in Taiwan." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67882245534556254529.
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Lee, Chia-Chien, and 李佳倩. "Scavenging Labor, Living Conditions and Governmentality: Waste Disposal System in Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97680014956963069923.
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Patočka, Josef. "Odborové svazy: opora fosilní ekonomiky, nebo subjekt sociálně-ekologické transformace?" Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-410703.
Full textAbstract:
Both the theoretical outlines of a solution to the climate and ecological crisis, as well as concrete efforts at environmental reform and energy transformation, often run into the ambivalent role of organised labour, particularly trade unions, in todays growth-oriented, fossil-fuel based economy. On the one hand, trade unions often already formally endorse the ideal of sustainability, on the other hand, in concrete environmental conflicts, they often the side with "jobs" against climate and environmental protections, and thus serve as a support of the growth-oriented fossil economy. The concept of a just transition, embodying the attempts at creating a framework in which the interests of workers and climate protection can be reconciled, thus also becomes ambivalent, serving often as a basis for arguments against more ambitious decarbonization. The aim of this thesis, drawing on the theoretical framework of critical political ecology, is to explore the possibilities of solving this dilemma in the case of Czech trade unions. On the basis of interviews with their various representatives, it will try to answer the questions: 1) what political strategy is shaping the policies of Czech trade unions in the sphere of climate and energy policy, 2) how do these trade unions see their role in the proces of a...
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Seshan, Ganesh Kumar. "Assessing the distributional impact of trade liberalization in a developing country." 2006. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/236913766.html.
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Wang, Sing-Ting, and 王芯婷. "Action Research of Establishing a Filed of Labor and Living for Mental Disabilities：The Experience in Cuckoo-land Organic Farm." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74038969744701102845.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
社會工作學研究所
95
The theme of this research is a reflection of the researcher who attended the foundation of the Cuckoo-Land Organic Farm. And this research aims at analyzing and discussing issues which are derived from the action and are of labor and rights advocacy of mental disabilities. The Cuckoo-Land Organic Farm is the field to assist mental disabilities to obtain the chances to labor and to propose their rights. The purpose of the action is to fade the color of “patient” of mental disabilities through “laboring”. Staff and mental disabilities co-work as partners and attend all discussions and decisions together to impel the whole action. In the action, through the scheme of “the mode of Labor ”, “the mode of Salary ” and “Rights advocacy”, all the mental disabilities begins to have hopes of life, reveal their labor force and rebuild the relationship with common society. Moreover, they regain the independency of “normal human-beings”. Also, the researcher reflects during the action and more understand the needs and expectation when the mental disabilities facing the issue of “labor”. During the procedure of the action, continuously communication with mental disabilities who identify themselves with the action is needed. In addition, in order to reach the purpose, their needs and thinking must be respected, and staff there must assist them to carry out self-empower. At last, by means of analyzing the experiences about the labor and the rights advocacy in the Cuckoo-Land Organic Farm, this research aims at giving practitioners who offering services for mental disabilities a different point of view to realize the labor force of the mental disabilities and their needs for having jobs.
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Lin, Yuan-Yu, and 林苑愉. "The Labor System of Taiwan Offshore Fishing: Experience Analysis about Living from The Sea for Captain of Tuna Long-line." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05858164902321289082.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東教育大學
社會發展學系碩士班
101
Taiwan’s marine fisheries include three types about coastal, inshore and offshore. Offshore fishing is economic lifeline of Taiwan fisheries development. With the change of space-time and environment, coastal and inshore fishing decline. In recent years, response to competition of internationalization and globalization, offshore fishing operate gradually from small-scale family business into a company entrepreneurial corporatization. However, playing a leadership and communication role between company and crew is captain, the soul person of offshore fishing. This study shows the change of development for Taiwan offshore fishing as well as scene and daily life of maritime labor on offshore fishing boat through fish-catch experience from interviewing two captains of ultra-low temperature tuna long-line. The study then points out the labor system arrangement of tuna long-line industry through the analysis of labor theory. First, the study discusses institutional arrangement and non-institutional disaster risk of maritime labor from two parts: salary reward system and internal-nation, and finds that the labor system of tuna long-line industry is operation of nation mechanisms instead by captain and shipping company. Captain conveys the oppressed voluntary obedience ideology for crews through leadership experience on the fishing boat. According to market-authoritarian regime, shipping company develop their own “latent” rules of game, which is the main manager. Next, we discuss labor awareness of captain doing “object”. “Object” means the item having both quality and quantity, which also represents fish-catch value of the ability of living from the sea for captain. Those show the characteristic of captain’s labor awareness which is different from crews: awareness of boss-to-be, experience labor awareness, virtual self-awareness, special class awareness of captain as a “object” worker. We also find “fate-accepted nation” and “mutual nation” featured by Taiwan labor cultural is the main characteristic of voluntary obedience ideology of exploiting between shipping company, captain and crew of the maritime labor. Finally, we suggest the ruling authorities must formulae the maritime labor laws, settle Chinese fisherman appropriately, help industry to deal with non-institutional disaster risk, and implement cadre training of offshore fishing boat. Ensured basic human rights of maritime through legal norms to decrease the occurrence of non-institutional disaster risk, inducing young people willing to work on far-sea shipping boat to avoid the situation of fault of Taiwan’s leadership talent deteriorating continually.
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Tsai, Meng-Chien, and 蔡孟蒨. "The correlation study of emotional awareness, social support, emotional labor and living adapt for internship students of hospitality education in colleges/ universities of science and technology." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24414465949699220018.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
技術及職業教育研究所碩士班
93
With service industry prosperous, the hospitality education of obvious service concept has become to outshine others in colleges and universities of technology. Because of urbanization, the original private service, including caring and emotional play have been put in paid labor market. The service characteristic has interpersonal communication frequently. Once to exchange emotional in the labor force, it may be bring effects to workers. The purpose of this study is to explore the correlation of emotional awareness, social support, emotional labor and living adapt for internship students of hospitality department in colleges and universities of science and technology. Rest on the literature analysis and theory of emotion psychology to explore variables and formation of the research. By way of explanatory surveys, through cluster sampling acquire 632 hospitality education internship students. Data analysis makes using of multivariate analysis, multiple regression analysis on hierarchical regression and path analysis. Moreover with “structural equation modeling” confirm the path diagram. In terms of research result will facilitate the internship system of the hospitality education by offering mentality guidance and assistance. After analyzed by statistic analysis, the researchers found the following important conclusions: 1.There were significant differences on emotional awareness of internship student gender. Among the score of students'' emotional awareness, “General emotional awareness ”is the highest. The next is “Six major emotional awareness ”. 2.There were significant differences on social support of internship student in which field department. Among the score of students'' social support, “Informational support ”is the highest. The lowest is the“Instrument support ”. 3.There were significant differences on emotional labor of internship student gender and in which department place or related working experience. Among the score of students'' emotional labor, “Express degree ”is the highest. The lowest is the“Instrument support ”. 4.There were significant differences on living adapt of internship student in related working experience and educational system, intern duration and in which department place .Among the score of students'' living adapt, “Interpersonal adapt ”is the highest. The lowest is the“Working adapt ”. 5.The emotional awareness of internship students will affect to emotional labor. The “General emotional awareness ”and “Six major emotional awareness ”both have significant effect. 6.The social support of internship students will affect to emotional labor. The “Informational support”and“Emotional support ”and“Appraisal support ”are major predict variables. Among others the “Emotional support ”has significant effect. 7.The emotional labor of internship students will affect to living adapt of internship students. The “Deep acting ”and“Interaction frequency ”are major predict variables. Among others the“Deep acting ”has significant effect. 8.The emotional awareness and social support have direct effect to “Emotional labor”. At the same time, the emotional awareness and social support by “Emotional labor” moderate have indirect effect to living adapt of intern. 9.The path diagram model in emotional awareness, social support, emotional labor and living adapt of internship students have partial goodness of fit. According the above conclusion, offer the following suggestions.
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Simon, Koci. "Cross-cultural competency model for digital nomads: a study of digital nomads living in Czech Republic." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/17381.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this master thesis is to develop a competency model for Digital Nomads and
evaluate its components in Czech culture.
The research is based on primary and secondary data. Secondary data was collected
from relevant literature. The primary data was collected via interview and questionnaire. The
quantitative method was used to evaluate the components of the cross-cultural competency
model by Johnson, Lenartowicz and Apud (2006). The qualitative research aims to compare
the reality of the Digital Nomad experience with the current cross-cultural competency model
and to further explore competencies.
The research has 4 parts: data collection via interviews and a questionnaire with a
sample group of 7 digital nomads from different countries, analysis of data collected during the
interviews and questionnaire, evaluation of cross-cultural competencies, identification of crosscultural competencies and the development a of cross-cultural competence model.
The dimensions, categories and particular elements of cross-cultural competency
model are following: knowledge about informational technology, business and local
infrastructure, culture, law and language, skills such as self-management or ability to socialize
and aptitudes, personal traits and external factorsO objetivo desta tese de mestrado é desenvolver um modelo de competências para digital nomads e avaliar os seus componentes na cultura Checa. A pesquisa é baseada em informação primária e secundária. Informação secundária é recolhida da literatura. A informação primária é recolhida via entrevista e questionários. O método quantitativo tenta avaliar os componentes de competências multiculturais do modelo de Johnson, Lenartowicz e Apud (2006). A pesquisa quantitativa procura comparar a realidade com o modelo de competências multicultural e explorar competências. A pesquisa tem 4 partes: recolha de dados via entrevistas e questionários com um grupo amostral de 7 nomadas digitais de diferentes países, análise de dados recolhidos durante as entrevistas e questionários, avaliação multicultural das competências, identificação multicultural das competências e eventualmente o desenvolvimento multicultural do modelo das competências. As dimensões, categorias e elementos específicos de competências multiculturais são as seguintes: conhecimento sobre tecnologia informacional, negócios e infraestruturas locais, culturas, leis e linguagens,habilidades como auto-gerência ou habilidade de socializar e aptitudes, traços pessoais e factores externos.
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Rosen, Sue Maria. "That den of infamy, the No. 2 Stockade Cox's River : an historical investigation into the construction, in the 1830's, of the Western Road from Mt. Victoria to Bathurst by a convict workforce." Thesis, 2006. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/29869.
Full textAbstract:
The overarching question under investigation in this thesis is the extent to which the ideals of penal management as espoused by both British and Colonial authorities were implemented in the day to day administration and management of a convict work force. The focus of the examination is the construction of Major Thomas Mitchell’s line of road between Mt. Victoria and Bathurst in the 1830’s. Specifically the thesis documents the various sites on the line of road with a particular emphasis on the administrative centre and principal facility, No. 2 Stockade Cox’s River, to explain the dynamic interaction of the network and its role in the penal repertoire of New South Wales. In bringing together a large range of sources the thesis has enabled the first thorough reading of the convict sites associated with the Western road. This has led to a multi-dimensional understanding of the place, its people, and the process of its construction. It provides a basis for future scholarship on this neglected network, located almost at the doorstep of greater Sydney, on the western fringe of the Blue Mountains.
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Кузнєцова, Анастасія Сергіївна. "Організаційно-методичні аспекти та напрями удосконалення обліку та контролю розрахунків з оплати праці на ТОВ «Рассвет ЛТД»." Магістерська робота, 2020. https://dspace.znu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/12345/3772.
Full textAbstract:
Кузнєцова А. С. Організаційно-методичні аспекти та напрями удосконалення обліку та контролю розрахунків з оплати праці на ТОВ «Рассвет ЛТД» : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 071 «Облік і оподаткування» / наук. керівник В. В. Сьомченко. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2020. 108 с.UA : Кваліфікаційна робота: 108 с., 3 розділи, 16 табл., 10 рис., 75 літературних джерела. Метою кваліфікаційної роботи є вивчення господарської діяльності у розрізі оплати праці на прикладі ТОВ «Рассвет ЛТД», оцінка стану обліку та контролю розрахунків з оплати праці, і напрямки підвищення та визначення рекомендацій з метою подальшого покращення функціонування бухгалтерського обліку і контролю на підприємствi. Об’єктом дослідження кваліфікаційної роботи виступає процес обліку і контролю розрахунків з оплати праці на досліджуваному підприємстві. У процесі написання кваліфікаційної роботи застосовувалися наступні методи дослідження: порівняльно-правовий; соціологічний (вивчення офіційних наукових та бібліографічних джерел); системно-структурний; статистичний; елементи, методу бухгалтерського обліку. На підставі виконаних досліджень одержані наступні основні наукові результати, що складають наукову новизну дослідження: – визначено проблемні аспекти обліку та контролю розрахунків з оплати праці; – уточнено визначення категорії «оплата праці» – це винагорода, яку отримує працівник за виконану ᅠ ним роботу, а також за працю, яка вкладається у виробництво сільськогосподарської продукції; – запропоновано графiк документообiгу для облiку заробiтної плати, що забезпечить встановлення якісної системи оплати праці на підприємстві та своєчасного їх нарахування; – запропонована методика бальної оцiнки квалiфiкацiйного рiвня працiвника, що дозволить протягом ᅠ виробничого перiоду за допомогою трудових балiв враховувати сукупнi затрати працi кожного окремого робiтника та всiх разом; – запропонована схема премiювання працiвникiв згiдно рейтингового списку ТОВ «Рассвет ЛТД», що дозволить лiквiдувати ᅠ зрiвнялiвку ᅠ в ᅠ рiвнях заробiтної ᅠ плати ᅠ працiвникiв пiдприємств, ᅠ рiзних за ефективнiстю господарювання; – запропоновано ввести в ТОВ «Рассвет ЛТД» Журнал реєстрацiї виданих нарядiв, що дозволить ᅠ попередити випадки безконтрольного виписування нарядiв та необґрунтованого нарахування заробiтної ᅠ плати; – запропоновано додати до рахунку 66 такі субрахунки: 664 «Розрахунки за виплатами заробiтної ᅠ плати в формi натуроплати», 665 «Розрахунки з депонентами при натуральнiй формi оплати працi», що забезпечить розмежування аналiтичного облiку за розрахунками грошима i натурою, а також облiк ᅠ депонованої заробiтної плати у формi натуральної оплати працi; – запропоновано «Відомість відхилень у документах при реєстрації господарських операцій з ᅠ оплати праці за результатами арифметичної перевірки», «Відомість відхилень у документах при ᅠ реєстрації господарських операцій з оплати праці за результатами нормативно-правової перевірки» та «Відомість відхилень у документах при реєстрації господарських операцій з оплати праці за результатами взаємної перевірки», що дасть змогу проконтролювати правильність виконаних ᅠ розрахунків, а також встановити відхилення від нормативу та від нормативно-правових актів.
EN : Qualifying work contains: 108 pр., 3 sections, 10 fig., 16 tab., 75 references. The purpose of the qualification work is to study economic activity in terms of wages on the example of LLC «Rassvet LTD», assessment of accounting and control of payroll, and areas for improvement and determination of recommendations to further improve the functioning of accounting and control in the enterprise. The object of research of qualification work is the process of accounting and control of payroll calculations at the researched enterprise. In the process of writing a dissertation, the following research methods were used: comparative law; sociological (study of official scientific and bibliographic sources); system-structural; statistical; elements of the method of accounting. On the basis of the performed researches the following basic scientific results which make scientific novelty of research are received: – identified problematic aspects of accounting and control of payroll; – the definition of the category «remuneration of labor» has been clarified – it is the remuneration that an employee receives for work performed by him, and also for work that is invested in the production of agricultural products; – proposed schedule document flow for accounting wages які, which will ensure the establishment of a quality system of remuneration at the enterprise and their timely accrual; – a method of scoring the qualification level of the employee is proposed, which will allow during the production period with the help of labor points to take into account the total labor costs of each individual employee and all of them; – the scheme of bonuses of employees according to the rating list of LLC «Rassvet LTD» is offered, which will allow to eliminate the leveling of wages in the levels of wages of employees of enterprises, enterprises, enterprises; – it is proposed to introduce ТОВ in LLC «Rassvet LTD» Journal gistration of issued orders, which will allow to prevent cases uncontrolled issuance orders and unreasonable accrual salary; – it is proposed to add to account 66 the following sub-accounts: which will ensure the delimitation of analytical accounting for calculations in cash and in kind, as well as the accounting of deposited wages in the form of in-kind payment for labor; – proposed «Statement of deviations» in documents when registering business transactions for payment of labor based on the results of arithmetic verification, «Statement of deviations in documents» when registering business transactions with remuneration according to the results of regulatory inspection »and« Statement of deviations in documents during ції registration of business transactions for remuneration according to the results of mutual» inspection», which will allow to control correctness of performed calculations, and also to establish deviations from normative and from normative-legal acts.