Journal articles: 'Livestock – Reproduction'

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Fahmy, M. H. "Livestock reproduction in latin America." Small Ruminant Research 4, no. 4 (May 1991): 403–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(91)90086-6.

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Rohrer, Gary Alan. "An overview of genomics research and its impact on livestock reproduction." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd03077.

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The amount of information currently available about the genomes of many livestock species, especially cattle and pigs, has increased dramatically in the past few years and the rate of its accumulation will continue to increase. A large number of scientific ‘tools’ is currently available for research aimed at understanding biological processes important to livestock production. These resources are being used to understand biological processes regulating reproduction, body composition and immune function in all livestock species. This research will create many opportunities to develop new tools for the improvement of livestock production. The best commercial application of genomics is in conjunction with reproductive enhancing technologies, such as artificial insemination, embryo transfer and cloning.

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Poole, Rebecca K., and Daniel H. Poole. "Impact of Ergot Alkaloids on Female Reproduction in Domestic Livestock Species." Toxins 11, no. 6 (June 21, 2019): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060364.

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Fescue toxicosis is a multifaceted syndrome that elicits many negative effects on livestock consuming ergot alkaloids produced by endophyte-infected tall fescue. The economic losses associated with fescue toxicosis are primarily due to reproductive failure including altered cyclicity, suppressed hormone secretion, reduced pregnancy rates, agalactia, and reduced offspring birth weights. For decades, a multitude of research has investigated the physiological and cellular mechanisms of these reproductive failures associated with fescue toxicosis. This review will summarize the various effects of ergot alkaloids on female reproduction in grazing livestock species.

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Mihaylova, D., A. Krastanov, and N. Vasilev. "Non-hormonal feed additives as an alternative in animal reproduction." Trakia Journal of Sciences 18, no. 4 (2020): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2020.04.016.

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Nowadays, a modern trend of the animal husbandry is to increase the reproductive potential of livestock and poultry. There is a large interest worldwide in discovering new and safe non-hormonal biologically active substances obtained from natural sources, which could substitute the synthetic hormones. The positive influence on reproduction in livestock of the biologically active substances of natural origin such as isoflavones, carotenoids, minerals, phytohormones, PUFAs, etc. represent a potential alternative. These substances are derived from various plant sources and micro and macro algae as well. In addition, those substances could provoke positive changes in animal reproduction practices, corresponding to the modern EU requirements for quality and safe for the human health nutrients. The present mini-review summarizes the known in respect of the trend of substitution of the hormonal ones and outlines the potential non-hormonal additives in livestock husbandry.

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Shashank, C. G., N. Anand Kumar, and P. S. Banakar. "Mystic Effects of Kisspeptin in Reproduction of Livestock." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 07 (July 10, 2018): 2140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.707.251.

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Porter, J. K., and F. N. Thompson. "Effects of fescue toxicosis on reproduction in livestock." Journal of Animal Science 70, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 1594–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1992.7051594x.

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Pestis, V. K., L. V. Golubets, and A. S. Deshko. "Assisted reproductive technologies in cattle reproduction and selection." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 57, no. 2 (May 18, 2019): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2019-57-2-192-203.

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In vitro technology is one of the most dynamically developing and more and more stable biotechnological methods today accelerating selection, intensifying reproductive and genetic potential of breeding animals, allowing to increase breeding young animals production by one champion cow up to 5–10 calves per year, reduce generation interval and significantly accelerate process of updating and qualitative improvement of livestock. However, obtaining oocytes competent for in vitro development is one of the critical factors determining success of the method and depending on a number of biological and technical factors. This paper presents results of studies on effect of biological factors of direct and indirect impact on efficiency of obtaining oocytes in the system of transvaginal aspiration for the first time conducted in the Republic of Belarus. Yield of excellent and good quality oocytes increased during aspiration during the luteal phase of estrous cycle and remained almost unchanged during aspiration into the follicular phase. Presence of follicles with diameter over 8 mm in the ovaries during aspiration reduced yield of excellent and good quality oocytes averagely by 9.4 percentage points. Removing the dominant follicle 72 hours prior to aspiration allowed increasing the number of aspirated follicles by 41 %, and yield of oocytes – by 22.9 %. Microstimulation of ovaries prior to aspiration by follicle-stimulating hormones FSG-super and Plusset increased efficiency of aspiration in terms of the main indicators by 19.2–45.9 %. Follicular cyst or persistent corpus luteum in one of the ovaries reduced both quantitative and qualitative indicators of aspiration. The data obtained are of practical importance for development of technology for in vitro embryo production in the system of transvaginal aspiration of oocytes which will help to accelerate breeding process and increase efficiency of breeding work in livestock production in general.Acknowledgments. The research was conducted within the two state research programs: “Biotechnology”, subprogram “Development of biological science, biological education and biological industry for 2007–2011 and for the period up to 2020”, “High technologies and equipment for 2016-2020”, subprogram 1 “Innovative biotechnologies–2020”.

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Ceelen, Manon, and Jan P. W. Vermeiden. "Health of Human and Livestock Conceived by Assisted Reproduction." Twin Research 4, no. 5 (October 1, 2001): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.4.5.412.

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AbstractAssisted reproduction is used to resolve infertility problems in human and in breeding programs to generate livestock. Except for gestation length and birth weight, perinatal outcome of children conceived by In Vitro Fertilization is similar to that of spontaneously conceived children. However, large offspring syndrome observed after In Vitro Production in livestock is quite alarming. The distinct parts of assisted reproduction (oocyte maturation, fertilization and culture) have been found to contribute to abnormal fetal growth and development. Genomic imprinting is suggested to be involved in the induction of the aberrant phenotypes observed after assisted reproduction. Furthermore, current knowledge on postnatal health of offspring conceived by assisted reproduction and speculations on potential longterm effects of In Vitro Fertilization will be described.

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Pohontu, Aikal, Agustinus Lomboan, Jantje F. Paath, and Siane C. Rimbing. "PENAMPILAN REPRODUKSI TERNAK SAPI POTONG DI KECAMATAN BINTAUNA KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW UTARA." ZOOTEC 38, no. 1 (December 29, 2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.38.1.2018.18537.

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REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BEEF CATTLE IN BINTAUNA DISTRICT OF NORTH BOLAANG MONGONDOW REGENCY. This study was conducted to evaluate the reproduction performance of beef cattle in Bintauna district of North Bolaang Mongondow regency. Reproductive performance was studied to determine the productivity of livestock especially in population increase and availability of meat. This research used samples of farmer as breeder of beef cattle. The selections of village samples were determined purposively by consideration of the villages with the largest population of livestock including the villages of Pimpi, Kopi, and Bintauna. Selection of respondents using random sampling method involved 10 farmers for each selected village, with the total of 30 farmers as respondents. Data of the variables were analyzed using descriptive analysis model. The results showed that the age of puberty animal was 12.03 ± 4.81 months, service per conception was 1.19, conception rate was 73%, pregnancy period was 276 ± 2.53 days, and calving interval was 366 ± 3.21 days. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the reproduction of beef cattle in Bintauna district of North Bolaang Mongondow regency was categorized into good performance. Keyword: Reproduction performance, beef cattle, Bintauna district

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Knox, R. V., M. L. Day, G. S. Lewis, M. C. Lucy, and K. A. Vonnahme. "Triennial Reproduction Symposium: Challenges and opportunities facing livestock reproduction in the 21st century1." Journal of Animal Science 88, suppl_13 (April 1, 2010): E193—E194. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2717.

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Dolebo, Asrat Tera, Negar Khayatzadeh, Aberra Melesse, David Wragg, Mourad Rekik, Aynalem Haile, Barbara Rischkowsky, Max F. Rothschild, and Joram M. Mwacharo. "Genome-wide scans identify known and novel regions associated with prolificacy and reproduction traits in a sub-Saharan African indigenous sheep (Ovis aries)." Mammalian Genome 30, no. 11-12 (November 22, 2019): 339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00335-019-09820-5.

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Abstract Maximizing the number of offspring born per female is a key functionality trait in commercial- and/or subsistence-oriented livestock enterprises. Although the number of offspring born is closely associated with female fertility and reproductive success, the genetic control of these traits remains poorly understood in sub-Saharan Africa livestock. Using selection signature analysis performed on Ovine HD BeadChip data from the prolific Bonga sheep in Ethiopia, 41 candidate regions under selection were identified. The analysis revealed one strong selection signature on a candidate region on chromosome X spanning BMP15, suggesting this to be the primary candidate prolificacy gene in the breed. The analysis also identified several candidate regions spanning genes not reported before in prolific sheep but underlying fertility and reproduction in other species. The genes associated with female reproduction traits included SPOCK1 (age at first oestrus), GPR173 (mediator of ovarian cyclicity), HB-EGF (signalling early pregnancy success) and SMARCAL1 and HMGN3a (regulate gene expression during embryogenesis). The genes involved in male reproduction were FOXJ1 (sperm function and successful fertilization) and NME5 (spermatogenesis). We also observed genes such as PKD2L2, MAGED1 and KDM3B, which have been associated with diverse fertility traits in both sexes of other species. The results confirm the complexity of the genetic mechanisms underlying reproduction while suggesting that prolificacy in the Bonga sheep, and possibly African indigenous sheep is partly under the control of BMP15 while other genes that enhance male and female fertility are essential for reproductive fitness.

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James, Lynn F., Kip E. Panter, Darwin B. Nielsen, and Russell J. Molyneux. "The effect of natural toxins on reproduction in livestock." Journal of Animal Science 70, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 1573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1992.7051573x.

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Ceelen, Manon, and Jan P. W. Vermeiden. "Health of Human and Livestock Conceived by Assisted Reproduction." Twin Research 4, no. 5 (October 1, 2001): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/1369052012614.

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Bull, Evelyn L., and Marc P. Hayes. "Livestock Effects on Reproduction of the Columbia Spotted Frog." Journal of Range Management 53, no. 3 (May 2000): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4003434.

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Miftahuddin, Hamdan, and H. Hastuti. "The Influence of the Farmers Knowledge Level toward the Ettawa Goat Reproduction Regulation System at Ranojaya, Indonesia." Chalaza Journal of Animal Husbandry 2, no. 2 (December 26, 2017): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31327/chalaza.v2i2.304.

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This research was conducted from May to June of 2016 in Ranojaya, Indonesia. There was so the purpose of this research is to find out how much influence the farmers’ knowledge level toward the Ettawa goat reproduction regulation system in Ranojaya, Indonesia. In determining the location of the research, the researchers were deliberately placed in Ranojaya, Indonesia. It wasby looking at the stressing of Ranojaya area.It was found thatmost of the community have business of Ettawa goat. The technique of determining the sample using purposive sampling technique, where the samples are deliberately selected from a population on the basis of the criteria determined by the researcher is the breeder of Ettawa goat who knows about the regulation of the reproductive system, and from the 1,193 population of 15 selected farmers as the sample/respondent. The results showed that (1) There was a significant correlation between knowledge level of farmer with reproduction system arrangement on an Ettawa goat in Ranojaya, Indonesia. (2) The correlation coefficient between variable X1 (number of livestock ownership) to variable Y is 0.75. This means that there is a strong relationship between the factor of the number of livestock owned on the knowledge level of the farmers with the regulation of reproduction system in Ettawa goat cattle. (3) The correlation coefficient between variables X2 (long breeding) to variable Y is 0.64. This means that there is a strong relationship between the old factors of breeding to the level of knowledge of farmers with the regulation of reproduction system on livestock Ettawa goat. (4) The result of program effectiveness calculation and the effectiveness of the increase of respondent knowledge about the reproduction system regulation on Ettawa crossbreed goat got the effective result, namely 72,75%. While the increase of knowledge of respondents got an effective result that is 47.5%, or there is an increase in knowledge of the respondents after having been done illumination was 14.87%

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Tadey, Mariana. "Livestock indirectly decrease nest abundance of two shrub-nesting species in Patagonian Monte Desert." Rangeland Journal 42, no. 6 (2020): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj19061.

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Domestic livestock may indirectly affect bird species through changes in vegetation structure (e.g. cover), reducing the availability of food, nesting sites, refugia and, therefore, reproduction in many ecosystems worldwide. However, it remains unclear how the effect of livestock on vegetation structure can influence insectivorous birds that use shrubs for nest construction and placement rather than for feeding. Several species from the Furnariidae family inhabit Monte Desert, Argentina, exhibiting an extraordinary diversity in nest placement and structure that allows them to survive habitat aridity. Nest abundance and size of two common furnariid species, Pseudoseisura gutturalis and Leptasthenura aegithaloides, were studied across a cumulative livestock impact gradient (livestock impact by years grazed). These bird species use large, closed-nests (~40cm and ~100cm length, respectively) built with thorny branches placed on thorny shrubs. The study encompassed nine independent rangelands within the same habitat, but with increasing livestock density, establishing a gradient in grazing intensity. In each rangeland, nest abundance, nest and supporting plant characteristics, vegetation structure and the percentage of browsing were assessed. Plant cover was lower in rangelands with higher livestock impact, and this was associated with lower nest abundance and nest size. Nest abundance of L. aegithaloides was halved, whereas P. gutturalis was decreased 10-fold comparing the extremes of the livestock impact gradient (0.06 vs 1.63 cattle ha−1×years). Nests tended to be smaller and more spherical with increasing livestock impact. The significant and positive association between nest abundance and vegetation structure together with the importance of mating and reproduction for bird lifecycles suggests that the nest abundance of these species could be used as an indicator of habitat degradation. Therefore, furnariid nest abundance could be used as a first step for diagnosing ecosystem health and designing ecologically sustainable management practices in Monte Desert. Changes in vegetation structure (e.g. cover) such as those imposed by livestock may unpredictably affect plant-associated species affecting their reproduction, demography and ecosystem biodiversity.

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Morrell, J. M., and I. Mayer. "Reproduction biotechnologies in germplasm banking of livestock species: a review." Zygote 25, no. 5 (August 24, 2017): 545–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199417000442.

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SummaryMany biotechnologies are currently used in livestock breeding with the aim of improving reproductive efficiency and increasing the rate of genetic progress in production animals. Semen cryopreservation is the most widely used cryobiotechnology, although vitrification techniques now allow embryos and oocytes to be banked in ever-increasing numbers. Cryopreservation of other types of germplasm (reproductive tissue in general) is also possible, although the techniques are still in the early stages of development for use in livestock species. Although still in their infancy, these techniques are increasingly being used in aquaculture. Germplasm conservation enables reproductive tissues from both animals and fish to be preserved to generate offspring in the future without having to maintain large numbers of living populations of these species. However, such measures need careful planning and coordination. This review explains why the preservation of genetic diversity is needed for livestock and fish, and describes some of the issues involved in germplasm banking. Furthermore, some recent developments in semen handling leading to improved semen cryopreservation and biosecurity measures are also discussed.

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Christi, Raden Febrianto, Didin S. Tasripin, and Arin Rinaldi. "Performa Reproduksi Sapi Perah Fries Holland Pada Laktasi 1 Di PT. Ultra Peternakan Bandung Selatan." Composite: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian 3, no. 01 (April 6, 2021): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37577/composite.v3i01.308.

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Reproduction management is one of the important things in a dairy farming business because good reproductive management, along with high reproductive capacity, will increase the efficiency and productivity of livestock. This study aims to determine the reproductive performance of FH dairy cows at first lactation on first mating post partus, service per conception, days open, calving interval, coception rate, calving rate and fertility status. The results of the research showed reproductive performance with parameters first mating post partus 59.5 days, service per conception 4.5 times, days open 145,5 days. The conclusion of this research is reproductive performance is not optimal.

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Rehman Habib Ur, Kakar Asmat Ullah, Kakar Niamat Ullah, Rehman Fazal Ur, Khan Deedar Ahmed, Ahmed Sarfaraz Khan, and Ahmed Shakeel. "Detrimental characteristics of climate change on livestock production and reproduction." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 5, no. 3 (March 30, 2020): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.5.3.0054.

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Hufana-Duran, D., and P. G. Duran. "Animal reproduction strategies for sustainable livestock production in the tropics." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 492 (June 24, 2020): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/492/1/012065.

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Beltramo, M., and C. Decourt. "Towards new strategies to manage livestock reproduction using kisspeptin analogs." Theriogenology 112 (May 2018): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.08.026.

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MYLOSTYVYI, Roman, and Olena IZHBOLDINA. "Problems of livestock reproduction with a focus on climate change." Multidisciplinary Reviews 4, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): e2021011. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/multi.2021011.

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Anshoria, Azharuddin, Tri Nurhajati, and Budi Utomo. "Cases of Reproduction Disorder in Beef Cattle of Modo District, Lamongan in 2015." KnE Life Sciences 3, no. 6 (December 3, 2017): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v3i6.1203.

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The aim of this research is to discover how several factors – namely feed, age, and parity might contribute toward cases of reproduction disorder in beef cattle of Modo District, Lamongan in 2015. Materials used in this research are data obtained from five villages, showing 340 out of 3.331 animals exhibiting reproduction disorder symptoms. The method used for this research is the survey method, and primary and secondary data were obtained. Primary data were obtained from field surveys of interviewing farmers, local animal health officials and artificial inseminators. Secondary data were obtained from examination for reproduction disorder in beef cattle by the Livestock and Animal Health Service of Lamongan. The data obtained were then tabulated and analyzed with the regression tree method using Windows Statistical Product and Service (SPSS) to determine the main cause of reproduction disorder in beef cattle of Modo District, Lamongan in 2015. The results show that feed is the main factor contributing to reproduction disorder in beef cattle of Modo District, Lamongan, while age and parity showed a less significant role. Key words: Beef cattle, feed, age, parity, reproductive disorders

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Chaplynskikh, Anastasiia, and Ivan Nikulin. "Pharmacological correction of technological stress in bulls and assessment of the influence of stress factors on semen quality." BIO Web of Conferences 32 (2021): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213204008.

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The current conditions for the intensification of animal husbandry dictate a significant increase in the physiological and functional load on the body of productive animals, resulting in a failure of adaptive capacity, which manifest themselves in the violation of reproduction function and the development of pathological states. Research by domestic and foreign scientists has shown that stress plays a leading role in the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases leading to a reduction in animal reproduction [3, 4, 9]. Although the topic of stress is often covered in the scientific literature, some of its features are not fully explored. This is particularly true for male producers whose genetic material has a direct impact on livestock productivity and livestock production [1, 3, 4, 11]. Therefore, the study of the influence of stress factors on the reproductive capacity of males and their pharmaco-rectification is relevant. The aim of our research was to assess the degree of influence of technological stress factors on the reproduction function of the bull producers and to develop a pharmaco-correction scheme to prevent stress effects on sperm quality. In relation to the objective, the following objectives were proposed: 1. Study the reaction of the ox producers to the effects of technological stress; 2. Determine the influence of drugs Amber biostimulator, Azoxyvet on the quality of bull sperm.

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Prior, Gina L., Darren M. Evans, Stephen Redpath, Simon J. Thirgood, and Pat Monaghan. "Birds bias offspring sex ratio in response to livestock grazing." Biology Letters 7, no. 6 (May 11, 2011): 958–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0264.

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Livestock grazing, which has a large influence on habitat structure, is associated with the widespread decline of various bird species across the world, yet there are few experimental studies that investigate how grazing pressure influences avian reproduction. We manipulated grazing pressure using a replicated field experiment, and found that the offspring sex ratio of a common upland passerine, the meadow pipit Anthus pratensis , varied significantly between grazing treatments. The proportion of sons was lowest in the ungrazed and intensively grazed treatments and highest in treatments grazed at low intensity (by sheep, or a mixture of sheep and cattle). This response was not related to maternal body condition. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of avian reproductive biology to variation in local conditions, and support growing evidence that too much grazing, or the complete removal of livestock from upland areas, is detrimental for common breeding birds.

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KHLOPITSKY, V. P. "PERIODIZATION OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT OF FRUITS AND A REPRODUCTION PATHOLOGY." PIG-BREEDING, no. 3 (2021): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37925/0039-713x-2021-3-49-54.

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From actual problems industrial pig-breeding, essentially influencing actual realisation of biopotential uterus a livestock of pigs on fruitfulness and multiple pregnancy, are loss pregnant and a birth of deadborn pigs. The specified reproductive pathologies negatively affect economic indicators of the enterprise and have characteristic dynamics on clinical display and frequency of occurrence during the critical periods pregnant and process farrow. The presented periodization of prenatal development of fruits and a reproduction pathology unites control points for the timely account, the analysis and elimination of the reasons provoking development embryonic of death rate, abortions, and also a birth of deadborn pigs.

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Patterson, David J., Douglas S. Brown, Michael F. Smith, William R. Lamberson, Jeremy Taylor, Thomas E. Spencer, Scott E. Poock, Jordan M. Thomas, and Jared E. Decker. "110 The National Center for Applied Reproduction and Genomics (NCARG) in Beef Cattle." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.178.

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Abstract Continued research of new and emerging technologies in reproduction and genomics and transfer of these technologies to our nation’s beef cattle industry is currently challenged. Funding for research to support advances in these disciplines, the linkages between them, and their collective economic impact will be essential to improve efficiencies of production, given the anticipated growth in global population and the declining availability of earth’s resources. As budgets to support research and transfer of technology via Extension have dwindled, many states lack the necessary critical mass to support research of new technologies, and as importantly, effective transfer of these technologies to industry stakeholders. Simply put, land grant universities in states across the United States are now categorized as “have and have-nots” when it comes to research infrastructure and qualified extension personnel. Further, there is concern regarding the limited number of veterinarians that specialize in animal reproduction and genomics across the United States and implications for veterinary student training and continuing education offerings for veterinary practitioners in the field. Veterinarians serve as a key information source for US livestock producers and are essential in facilitating the adoption of various reproductive and genomic technologies. Collectively, these considerations form the rationale for a USDA-NIFA funded project with matching support from the University of Missouri to create a National Center for Applied Reproduction and Genomics (NCARG) in Beef Cattle. NCARG will serve as a new model for research and technology transfer wherein industry participants at all levels and from across the US are afforded the opportunity to access information and acquire new skills that will improve reproductive management and genetic makeup of our nation’s livestock enterprise.

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Riley, David G. "37 Genetic aspects of livestock adaptation." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.069.

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Abstract Livestock adaptation to less than favorable ambient has a genetic basis. Estimates of additive genetic variance and narrow sense heritability for % intramuscular fat in Hereford varied across United States geography quantifications evaluated in random regression analyses. Shedding and regrowth of winter coats of Angus cows in subtropical areas may indicate differential adaptation in cattle not adapted to the subtropics. Acquired adaptation to local conditions (multiple generations across more than 50 years) may was evidenced by performance of Florida Angus relative to prominent U.S. Angus in subtropical Florida; later sexual maturation may be a prominent component of such adaptation, and increasing milk production may be antagonistic to adaptation in natural conditions. Cattle temperament may be indicative of adaptation and is highly heritable; however, results from random regression analyses suggest that the additive genetic component appears to decrease in importance and the permanent environmental component of phenotype appears to become more important as calves age. Crossbreeding represents a proven strategy to improve adaptation almost immediately. Heterosis influences cattle body temperature maintenance, reproduction, survival, and, to a lesser extent, temperament in subtropical or other stressful environmental conditions (for example, in toxic fescue). Prenatal stress alters patterns of methylation (and likely other epigenetic mechanisms) and thereby encourages or inhibits gene expression to promote postnatal fitness. Brahman exposed to prenatal stress exhibited substantially different patterns of methylation across the genome in lymphocytes in both male and female calves; those patterns differed by sex. Female longevity may be the ultimate adaptation trait, as annual compliance to reproductive standards may be an appropriate assessment of a combination of attributes that represent adaptation. Longevity has documented heterotic influence; the additive genetic component is less well characterized but real. A simple, effective way to improve longevity may be to select bulls from aged, proven cows.

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Prastowo, Sigit. "Evaluasi Produktivitas Domba Ekor Gemuk Berdasar Reproductive Rate." Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 20, no. 2 (April 19, 2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v20i2.20496.

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Fat Tailed Sheep represent one of Indonesian livestock that having excellence of comparability with other ruminants livestock. The excellence is quickly adult, short of pregnant age, and has the nature of bearing twin, so if evaluated from development aspect will be very beneficial. Reproductive Rate (RR) is a mount of reproduction ability from a group of ewes. Reproductive Rate defined as amount of weaned lamb by ewe every year. Variable/component related to RR are litter size, lamb mortalities before weaning and lambing interval.Litter size is general influenced by difference of breeds, age and sufficiency of nutrition. Litter size is peculiarly influenced by ovulation rate that determined by breed, age, nutrition and parity. Lamb age, litter size, birth weight, season, nutrition and parity are influenced lamb mortalities before weaning. Lambing interval determined by nutrition factor and management, which is matting pattern and lamb weaning.

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DARBYSHIRE, S. J., and J. CAYOUETTE. "THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 92. Danthonia spicata (L.) BEAUV. IN ROEM. & SCHULT." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 1217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-144.

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Danthonia spicata, poverty-oat grass, is a native North American perennial grass of pioneer habitats. It invades agricultural lands in eastern Canada with dry soil and low fertility. Unpalatable to livestock, it is an increaser species in heavily grazed or nutrient depleted pasture. A polymorphic reproductive system incorporates chasmogamy, cleistogamy and heteromorphic diaspores (dispersal unit). Clavicipitaceous fungal parasites are often present and affect productivity, reproduction, competitive fitness and possibly predation of their hosts.Key words: Danthonia spicata, Poverty oat grass, weed biology

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Kaur, H., and S. P. Arora. "Dietary Effects on Ruminant Livestock Reproduction with Particular Reference to Protein." Nutrition Research Reviews 8, no. 1 (January 1995): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/nrr19950009.

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Rekwot, P. I., V. O. Sekoni, S. P. Mallam, E. K. Bawa, Y. U. Abubakar, and C. B. I. Alawa. "Basic principles of nuclear techniques and applications in livestock production." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 33, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v33i1.2220.

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It is known. that many of the advances which have been made in improving the feeding, fertility and health of livestock in developed countries would not have been possible without nuclear tech-niques. Nuclear techniques have been used by scientists to study and understand those biological processes which are responsible for growth, reproduction and disease resistance in animals. Tracer tech-niques based on isotopes have been used for tagging feed constituents, amino acids and other metabolites, whereby their fate .can be fol-lowed within the digestive system and other parts of the body. This forms an integral part of the armoury used by animal nutritionists to establish the nutri-tional value of all the materials potentially available to feed animals. The development and use of highly sensitive immunoassay methods, to measure the minute quantities. of reproductive hormones in the blood enables us to determine when. animals are ready- for breeding, check whether animals have been inseminated at the correct time, diagnose pregnancy early enough, and devise corrective measures for reproductive disorders and improve the efficiency of artificial insemination and embryo transfer programmes. Radioisotopic methods have been used to study the immune system. to examine infectious agents and how they Stimulate this system, and to develop specific and sensitive methods for development of veterinary vaccines and diagnostic tests.

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Zhang, Changzhen, Deqin Xiao, Qiumei Yang, Zhifen Wen, and Lishan Lv. "Review: Application of Infrared Thermography in Livestock Monitoring." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 2 (2020): 389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13068.

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HighlightsAs a non-invasive temperature detection technology, IRT can provide dynamic information on skin temperature changes caused by physiological processes of livestock.IRT will become a more valuable detection tool for evaluating various signs and behavior changes of livestock.With the continuous development of information technology, it is necessary to use IRT to explore more expected and innovative information.Abstract. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive temperature detection technology characterized by non-destructive, long-distance measurement and high sensitivity. IRT measures mid-wave to long-wave infrared radiation emanating from objects and converts this radiation into visual images or videos of the temperature distribution and temperature changes. Because temperature is an important environmental parameter that affects livestock physiology and metabolic heat production, measurement of animal temperature and energy exchange in field environments is a useful tool for understanding physiological changes in animals. Traditional measurement methods of animal temperature are extremely time-consuming and labor-intensive. As a non-contact method, IRT provides a new method for physiological data acquisition. However, IRT is also subject to a number of uncertainties, thus requiring optimal modeling using built-in software. Therefore, this study reviews applications of IRT in livestock production, including reproduction, growth, and diseases, and discusses some of the better-known approaches and the latest research findings for IRT in livestock production. Keywords: Diseases, Growth, Infrared thermography, Reproduction.

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Komariah, Komariah, K. Santoso, and C. I. L. Siahaan. "Karakteristik Reproduksi dan Perbedaan Respon Fisiologis Kerbau di Lahan Basah dan Lahan Kering di Kabupaten Serang Banten." Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jipthp.7.2.67-74.

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Buffalo has a higher level of adaptation than cows. The buffalo adaptation form at different locations will affect the physiological and reproduction of buffalo, so it is necessary to know buffalo adaptation on the characteristics of wetlands and dry land. This research was conducted in May to June 2017 in Kabupaten Serang, Banten. The variables observed in this research are buffalo reproduction, breeders socioeconomic, and physiological response of livestock. There were analyzed by SPSS. The results of this study indicated that buffalo reproduction characteristics in wetlands and dryland were as follows: first estrus was 22.71 ± 7.87 and 29.18 ± 11.79 months, first conception was 27.86 ± 11.43 and 32.55 ± 12.12 months, first parturition was 41.57 ± 12.33 and 26 ± 12.12 months, Calving interval was 24.10 ± 10.39 and 15.67 ± 6.55 months, calving rate was 2.36 ± 1.15 and 2.23 ± 1.20, conception period 1 year, Postpartum estroes was 6.23 ± 2.71 and 4.56 ± 2.34 months. Physiological response of livestock on dry land showed that buffalo cattle were experiencing heat stress.

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Mpeshe, Saul C., Livingstone S. Luboobi, and Yaw Nkansah-Gyekye. "Modeling the Impact of Climate Change on the Dynamics of Rift Valley Fever." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/627586.

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A deterministic SEIR model of rift valley fever (RVF) with climate change parameters was considered to compute the basic reproduction numberℛ0and investigate the impact of temperature and precipitation onℛ0. To study the effect of model parameters toℛ0, sensitivity and elasticity analysis ofℛ0were performed. When temperature and precipitation effects are not considered,ℛ0is more sensitive to the expected number of infectedAedesspp. due to one infected livestock and more elastic to the expected number of infected livestock due to one infectedAedesspp. When climatic data are used,ℛ0is found to be more sensitive and elastic to the expected number of infected eggs laid byAedesspp. via transovarial transmission, followed by the expected number of infected livestock due to one infectedAedesspp. and the expected number of infectedAedesspp. due to one infected livestock for both regions Arusha and Dodoma. These results call for attention to parameters regarding incubation period, the adequate contact rate ofAedesspp. and livestock, the infective periods of livestock andAedesspp., and the vertical transmission inAedesspecies.

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Sudrajad, Pita, Slamet Diah Volkandari, Muhammad Cahyadi, Amrih Prasetyo, Komalawati Komalawati, Sujatmiko Wibowo, and Subiharta Subiharta. "Pemanfaatan informasi genom untuk eksplorasi struktur genetik dan asosiasinya dengan performan ternak di Indonesia." Livestock and Animal Research 19, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/lar.v19i1.47658.

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Currently, livestock development strategies in various countries have made extensive use of molecular technology at the genome level. Genome contains information of the entire DNA within the livestock cells, therefore it is believed that this technology is able to map the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes more precisely. Genome technology describes all genes in the body and how they interact and influence the growth and performance of livestock. Genome information can support every effort for livestock development including breeding, optimizing the feed nutrition efficiency through the use of feed ingredients more efficiently, and improving reproduction performance. In terms of efforts to improve livestock performance in Indonesia, genomic technology can be utilized to increase the accuracy and efficiency of livestock selection programs. The application of genomic technology in Indonesia still encounters many constraints, including lack of confidence on the benefits that can be generated, the high cost, as well as the incomplete recording data of livestock performance. Currently, researchers in Indonesia have started utilizing genome information to explore the genetic structure of livestock and its association with the livestock performance. Support from all stakeholders are needed to minimize the limitations of genome technology application on livestock in Indonesia.

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Soewandi, Bayu Dewantoro Putro. "Application of Reproduction Biotechnology and Molecular Genetic to Improve Productivity of Local Pigs." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 27, no. 4 (March 3, 2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v27i4.1677.

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Low productivity in local pigs is due to the absence of breeding plan with mating arrangements. The main productivity variables used in breeding are litter size (number of piglets), weaning litter, number of teats, sow productivity index, growth rate, slaughter weight, and carcass quality. Selection to produce a new breed in breeding scheme should be conducted within five generations requiring large numbers of livestock, length period, and costly. Biotechnology reproduction and genetic molecular can be used to increase the value of the variables, to shorten interval generation, and cost efficient. This paper provides information on the use of reproduction biotechnology and molecular genetic from various sources and utilization of both technologies to increase local pig productivity. Reproductive biotechnology is useful in mating arrangement and molecular genetic using marker assisted selection (MAS) is able to determine superior pig since early age.

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ASLAN, IBRAHIM HALIL, DAVID BACA-CARRASCO, SUZANNE LENHART, and JORGE X. VELASCO-HERNANDEZ. "AN AGE STRUCTURE MODEL WITH IMPULSE ACTIONS FOR LEPTOSPIROSIS IN LIVESTOCK CATTLE." Journal of Biological Systems 29, no. 01 (March 2021): 75–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339021500042.

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As a zoonotic disease, leptospirosis has now been identified as one of the emerging infectious diseases. In this paper, we analyze the propagation of leptospirosis and find a schedule for control programs to eradicate the disease in a cattle ranch. A mathematical model has been built with ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to understand the epidemiology of leptospirosis and main factors on its transmission. We investigated the disease free equilibrium of the model and its stability using the basic reproduction number, [Formula: see text], and target reproduction number, [Formula: see text]. Then, the model incorporates vaccination and recruitment control programs in the form of impulse actions as measures to prevent the propagation of leptospirosis in the ranch. Parameter estimation and sensitivity analysis are presented as a part of this study.

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Sodiq, Akhmad. "Identifikasi Sistim Produksi dan Keragaan Produktivitas Domba Ekor Gemuk di Kabupaten Brebes Propinsi Jawa-Tengah." Jurnal Agripet 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2010): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v10i1.634.

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Identification of production system and productivity level of fat tailed sheep in brebes regency of central javaABSTRACT. Reproductive performance is one of the main determinants of productivity of the sheep. This applies to the breeding of animal for meat production. High reproduction rates are essential for profit in meat sheep production and determined by the number of progeny delivered in a given period of time. The level of reproductive performance is dependent on the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The evaluation of reproductive performance of a local and adapted breed of sheep such as Fat Tailed Sheep can provide important information to understand its productive potential under local production system. The study was designed to identify characteristic of production system and to find out the level productivity of Fat Tailed Sheep in Brebes areas of Central Java. Livestock On-Farm Trials (LOFT) using multistage sampling was implemented in this study. Descriptive and variance analysis using procedure of General Linear Model (GLM) was applied in this study. This study revealed that (1) In general, production system in Brebes is based on integration scheme of crop livestock in the form of traditional smallholders. In low land area, mostly extensive and tethering model were implemented. Intensive and semi intensive model was found in landless area. (2) Average litter size at birth was 1.54 head and dominated by double litter, followed by single and triplets (46.8, 47.88 and 4.29%). The highest preweaning lamb mortality was 15% with the average 8.9%. Ewe productivity ranges from 1.76-5.24 with average of 2.14 lamb/ewe/year. Least squares analysis of variance reveals that ewe reproduction rate was significantly affected by type of birth.

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Pintus, Eliana, and José Luis Ros-Santaella. "Impact of Oxidative Stress on Male Reproduction in Domestic and Wild Animals." Antioxidants 10, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071154.

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Oxidative stress occurs when the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overcome the antioxidant defenses of the organism, jeopardizing several biological functions, including reproduction. In the male reproductive system, oxidative stress not only impairs sperm fertility but also compromises offspring health and survival, inducing oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Although a clear link between oxidative stress and male fertility disorders has been demonstrated in humans and laboratory rodents, little information is available about the implications of impaired redox homeostasis in the male fertility of domestic and wild animals. Therefore, this review aims to provide an update regarding the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are associated with oxidative stress in the male reproductive system and their impact on the reproductive performance of domestic and wild animals. The most recent strategies for palliating the detrimental effects of oxidative stress on male fertility are reviewed together with their potential economic and ecological implications in the livestock industry and biodiversity conservation.

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Kadarmideen, H. N. "Genetical systems biology in livestock: application to gonadotrophin releasing hormone and reproduction." IET Systems Biology 2, no. 6 (November 1, 2008): 423–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-syb:20070072.

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MOLLA, W., K. FRANKENA, and M. C. M. DE JONG. "Transmission dynamics of lumpy skin disease in Ethiopia." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 13 (August 3, 2017): 2856–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817001637.

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SUMMARYLumpy skin disease (LSD) is a severe disease of cattle caused by a Capripoxvirus and often caused epidemics in Ethiopia and many other countries. This study was undertaken to quantify the transmission between animals and to estimate the infection reproduction ratio in a predominantly mixed crop–livestock system and in intensive commercial herd types. The transmission parameters were based on a susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) epidemic model with environmental transmission and estimated using generalized linear models. The transmission parameters were estimated using a survival rate of infectious virus in the environment equal to 0·325 per day, a value based on the best-fitting statistical model. The transmission rate parameter between animals was 0·072 (95% CI 0·068–0·076) per day in the crop–livestock production system, whereas this transmission rate in intensive production system was 0·076 (95% CI 0·068–0·085) per day. The reproduction ratio (R) of LSD between animals in the crop–livestock production system was 1·07, whereas it was 1·09 between animals in the intensive production system. The calculated R provides a baseline against which various control options can be assessed for efficacy.

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Agbeja, A. O., K. A. Olaifa, D. R. Akindolu, H. O. Salau, and M. S. Akinlade. "Climate change and livestock production: A review." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 4 (March 8, 2021): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i4.2991.

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The livestock system is one of the most important characteristics of agrarian economy; livestock sector provides sustainability and stability to the national economy by contributing to farm energy and food security. Climate change is seen as a major threat to the survival of many species, ecosystems and the sustainability of livestock production systems in many parts of the world. Green house gases (GHG) are released in the atmosphere both by natural sources and anthropogenic (human related) activities. The impact of climate change can heighten the vulnerability of livestock systems and exacerbate existing stresses upon them, such as drought. Parasites and diseases are among the most severe factors that impact livestock production and reproduction, impact on livestock health, impact on feed and fodder availability, reduction in livestock population and impact of climate change on livestock genetics resource. However, the climate change especially global warming may highly influence production performance of farm animals throughout the world, this results in decreased animal production and productivity. Le système de bétail est l'une des caractéristiques les plus importantes de l'économie agraire; Le secteur de l'élevage assure la durabilité et la stabilité de l'économie nationale en contribuant à l'énergie agricole et à la sécurité alimentaire. Le changement climatique est considéré comme une menace majeure pour la survie de nombreuses espèces, écosystèmes et la durabilité des systèmes de production animale dans de nombreuses régions du monde. Les gaz à effet de serre (GES) sont rejetés dans l'atmosphère à la fois par des sources naturelles et par des activités anthropiques (liées à l'homme). L'impact du changement climatique peut accroître la vulnérabilité des systèmes de bétail et exacerber les tensions existantes sur eux, telles que la sécheresse. Les parasites et les maladies sont parmi les facteurs les plus graves qui ont un impact sur la production et la reproduction du bétail, un impact sur la santé du bétail, un impact sur les aliments et la disponibilité du fourrage, la réduction du cheptel et l'impact du changement climatique sur les ressources génétiques du bétail. Cependant, le changement climatique, en particulier le réchauffement climatique, peut fortement influencer les performances de production des animaux d'élevage à travers le monde, ce qui entraîne une baisse de la production et de la productivité animales.

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Talukdar, Animesh, Bivash Pandav, and Parag Nigam. "Parasite commonality at Swamp Deer (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Cervidae: Rucervus duvaucelii duvaucelii) and livestock interface." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 15364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4812.12.3.15364-15369.

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Interactions between wildlife and livestock have increased over time with increased anthropogenic pressure on limited available natural habitats. These interactions have resulted in sharing of pathogens between the species resulting in impacting the wild animals’ fitness and reproduction and further influencing their abundance and diversity. The spatial overlap between Swamp Deer and livestock was studied at Jhilmil Jheel Conservation Reserve (JJCR), Uttarakhand and Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS), Uttar Pradesh in India, having different levels of interaction with livestock. The prevalence, load and commonality of gastro-intestinal parasites in the species was studied through coprological examination. Parasitic ova of Strongyle sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Fasciola sp., and Moniezia sp. Amphistomes were encountered in swamp deer and livestock from both the sites. The parasitic species richness and prevalence however, varied between JJCR and KWLS. The study recorded significant differences between the parasitic load in Swamp Deer with the eggs per gram of 487.5±46.30 at JJCR and 363.64±49.97 at KWLS at varying levels of livestock interactions.

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Patterson, David J., Scott Brown, Michael F. Smith, William R. Lamberson, Jeremy Taylor, Thomas E. Spencer, Scott E. Poock, Jordan M. Thomas, and Jared E. Decker. "102 The National Center for Applied Reproduction and Genomics (NCARG) in Beef Cattle: supporting improvements in reproductive management." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.172.

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Abstract Limited transfer of existing and emerging reproductive technologies to beef cattle enterprises precludes those enterprises from reaching their economic potential and places them at a competitive disadvantage relative to livestock enterprises where such technologies are being implemented more aggressively. On the other hand, and until now, the beef cattle sector has never had the reproductive tools available to facilitate widespread successful adoption of these technologies within the industry. Hence, the need for increased efforts to transfer technology to the industry has never been greater. The National Center for Applied Reproduction and Genomics (NCARG) in Beef Cattle will serve as a new model for research and technology transfer wherein industry participants at all levels and from across the US are afforded the opportunity to access information and acquire new skills that will improve reproductive management and resulting genetic makeup of our nation’s beef cattle industry. Comprehensive educational training programs will be developed for practicing veterinarians, extension livestock specialists, allied industry, producers, and students that will enable various segments of the beef cattle sector to acquire (through face-to-face and distance-learning applications) new knowledge and skills that will aid in the successful adoption of reproductive procedures/biotechnologies. Curriculum modules designed to support improvements in reproductive management will be comprised of the following: 1) Heifer development programs including reproductive tract scoring, fetal aging and sexing; 2) Breeding management, including estrus synchronization, artificial insemination, sex-sorted semen, and embryo transfer; 3) higher education student internships in reproductive management; and 4) on-farm beef heifer development and marketing programs patterned after the Missouri Show-Me-SelectTM Replacement Heifer Program. In addition, a graduate certificate program will be offered, entitled “Bovine Reproductive Management and Genomic Technologies.” Collectively, NCARG will serve as a new model for research and technology transfer intent on improving reproductive management and genetic makeup of our nation’s beef industry.

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Kerr, J. C. "Report of the 1994 braude scholarship to the british society of animal science: improving reproductive performance in pigs." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600027847.

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In recent years, the emphasis on reproductive performance in pigs has increased, although the favourable impact of improving reproductive performance on the overall efficiency of production has long been recognised. There is widespread agreement that increasing the number of pigs per sow per year should be a major objective of the pig industry, particularly as limits in fat reduction are approached. The 1994 British Society of Animal Science Braude Scholarship was used to investigate current research in the area of swine reproduction and identify particular areas of concern as perceived by the North American pig industry. The main objectives of the scholarship were to (1) present a paper at the Fifth World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production (2) visit research establishments in the USA to discuss current research projects in pigs, with particular emphasis on genetic variation in reproduction traits and (3) visit major pig breeding companies in the USA to discuss the application of research results in modern pig breeding programmes and the required future research.

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Hossner, Kim L. "Cellular, molecular and physiological aspects of leptin: Potential application in animal production." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 78, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a98-061.

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This review encompasses the biochemistry and physiology of the newly discovered adipose hormone, leptin. Leptin appears to fulfill the role of the long sought after "lipostat", which functions to regulate energy intake in relation to body stores in the form of fat. Leptin is a 16 000 Dalton polypeptide which interacts with specific receptors in the hypothalamus to regulate food intake and body fat stores. Leptin receptors exist in several forms, which can be divided into those with small cytoplasmic domains and one with a single long cytoplasmic tail. The latter is thought to mediate most of leptin's effects, acting through the JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway. Several reports have shown direct effects of leptin on tissues with the short form of the leptin receptor. Specific effects of leptin on appetite, energy metabolism and reproduction are reviewed. Leptin may prove to be most useful to animal producers as a stimulant of the reproductive system or as a molecular marker to genetically select livestock for improved reproductive capacities or carcass characteristics, while leptin antagonists may improve metabolic rate and body composition. Key words: Leptin, obese protein, leptin receptor, review, livestock production

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Boerman, Jan-Kees, Jan-Kees van Harberden, Carolin Pannek, Katrin Schmitt, Karina R. Tarantik, Marie-Luise Bauersfeld, and Jürgen Wöllenstein. "Improvement Methods for Colorimetric Gas Sensor for Use in Indoor Livestock Farming." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (February 25, 2019): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130769.

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Different published colorimetric sensors were investigated with the ultimate goal to develop a colorimetric sensor for a closed livestock farm, applicable in a rough environment. The methods were investigated to improve the lack of sensitivity, roughness, and reproduction of colorimetric sensors. The methods investigated varied from changing matrices, changing substrates, treatment of the substrates, and investigation of the distribution by camera of the chemical thin layer and investigation on temperature, water and cross interference of several other gases in the livestock gas matrix. Results showed that with changing several important parameters, other than only the choice of a color indicator results in a serious improvement of the sensor specification and an improved performance necessary for the rough circumstances in livestock farming.

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Liu, Shan, Aiqiao Li, Xiaomei Feng, Xueliang Zhang, and Kai Wang. "A Dynamic Model of Human and Livestock Tuberculosis Spread and Control in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3410320.

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We establish a dynamical model for tuberculosis of humans and cows. For the model, we firstly give the basic reproduction numberR0. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamical behaviors of the model. By epidemiological investigation of tuberculosis among humans and livestock from 2007 to 2014 in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China, we estimate the parameters of the model and study the transmission trend of the disease in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. The reproduction number in Urumqi for the model is estimated to be 0.1811 (95% confidence interval: 0.123–0.281). Finally, we perform some sensitivity analysis of several model parameters and give some useful comments on controlling the transmission of tuberculosis.

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TYUTYUNNIKOVA, A. V., L. G. YUSHKOVA, I. N. SYCHEVA, and N. M. KERTIEVA. "PREPARATION OF REPAIR PIGS FOR REPRODUCTION IN AN INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX." PIG-BREEDING, no. 1 (2021): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37925/0039-713x-2021-1-13-15.

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Intensive use of sows in industrial pig breeding complexes requires the preparation of a large number of repair young animals to replace retired sows. The main goal while growing repair pigs in conditions of intensive production is to get strong and healthy animals that have shown good productivity and high operational qualities during the period of economic use. The repair livestock should exceed the breeding stock in its productivity for the gradual replacement of which it is intended.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Livestock – Reproduction'

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