Journal articles on the topic 'Livestock Carcasses Evaluation'
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Ellis, M., G. M. Webster, I. Brown, and B. G. Merrell. "Eating quality evaluation of meat from the crossbred lamb progeny of three terminal sire breeds." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030822960002287x.
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Consumer acceptability of lamb is ultimately determined by the eating quality of the meat. This paper reports on the eating quality evaluation of lean samples obtained from carcasses of crossbred lambs sired by Suffolk, Texel and Charollais rams.The lambs used in this study were part of a larger experiment to compare the growth performance and carcass quality of lambs sired by rams of the Suffolk, Texel and Charollais breeds (Merrell, Webster and Ellis, 1990: BSAP Occasional Publication No. 14, pp. 169-172).An upland flock of approximately 350 Mule (Bluefaced Leicester ♂ x Scottish Blackface ♀) was used to produce the lambs. Eight unrelated rams of each of the three sire breeds were mated to the ewes over two years (4 rams per breed per year). Their crossbred progeny were selected for slaughter when it was estimated that they would produce carcasses of Meat and Livestock Commission fat class 2 to 3L. All lambs had been multiple-born and reared as twins.
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Sonaya, E. B., J. R. Stouffer, and H. R. Cross. "Application Of A Real-time Linear Array Ultrasound System To The Evaluation Of Live Cattle." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 19 (January 16, 2021): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v19i.2084.
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A real time linear array ultrasound machine was assessed for bias accuracy and precision. A total of 51 heifers, and steers were scanned for fat thickness over the longissimus muscle, the shoulder and rump; for M. longissimus area between the 12th and 13th ribs; and marbling was subjectively evaluated from M. longissimus scans. Ultrasound data were compared with a live judging committee estimates and with carcass values obtained during USDA grading. Data adjusted for live weight were analysed by correlation and regression techniques. Ultrasound estimates of fat thickness were lower (P<.01) than carcass measurements. Shoulder fat thickness estimation was the lowest in precision and accuracy. The residual standard deviations of ultrasound estimates of fat thickness were not (P>.05) influenced by fat thickness and sex. Ultrasound estimates of M. longissimus area were not different (P>.05) from carcass values and were high in precision (RSD: 2.6 to 6.5cm2). The precision and accuracy of data collected by real time linear array ultrasound system indicate a potential for the application of the ultrasound technique to grading of livestock and carcasses.
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Simm, G., and S. V. Murphy. "The effects of selection for lean growth in Suffolk sires on the saleable meat yield of their crossbred progeny." Animal Science 62, no. 2 (April 1996): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800014557.
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AbstractThis experiment involved a commercial evaluation of carcasses of extensively reared crossbred lambs. These were sired by Suffolk rams from either a selection line or a control line of a Scottish Agricultural College (SAC) selection experiment, in which selection wasfor lean growth, or by Suffolk ‘reference sires’ from an industry co-operative breeding scheme (SSRS). The lambs were slaughtered at a target live weight of 42 kg between June and October 1992. In total, 421 lamb carcasses were included in the evaluation, 173 from six selection-line rams, 193 from six control-line rams and 55from three SSRS rams. Each of the carcasses was visually appraised for estimated subcutaneous fat proportion and for conformation of the shoulder, loin and leg, as well as being classified using conventional Meat and Livestock Commission (MLC) scales for fat and conformation. Animals were slaughtered at an average age of 139·5 (s.d. 25·6) days and achieved an average cold carcass weight of 20·04 (s.d. 0·96) kg. Carcasses had an average estimated subcutaneous fat proportion of 122·3 (s.d. 22·4) g/kg — equivalent to MLC fat class 3L to 3H. Overall conformation scores, on a 15-point scale, averaged 8·63 (s.d. 1·80) points. Carcasses were cut into joints according to a leading supermarket specification. The weights of pairs of shoulder, flank, loin and leg joints were obtained for each carcass, as well as weights of bone and fat removed during jointing. Saleable meat weights and proportions averaged 15·31 (s.d. 0·76) kg and 765·9 (s.d. 10·0) g/kg respectively. At a constant carcass weight, the SAC selection-line progeny were significantly younger (-11 days), had a significantly higher carcass value (+£1·50), a significantly lower estimated subcutaneous fat proportion (-13 g/kg), and a significantly higher weight of saleable meat (+0·1 kg) and higher proportion ofsaleable meat (+4 glkg) than control-line progeny, but had lower conformation scores. SSRS progeny had similar growth and fatness to selection-line lambs, but had poorer conformation, and significantly more bone in the carcass than either of the SAC lines. When comparisons were made at a constant estimated subcutaneous fat proportion, all differences in conformation between SAC lines disappeared. However, SSRS progeny remained poorer in conformation. The SSRS rams werefrom afoundation generation of the scheme, and were not expected to be markedly superior for carcass characteristics. Carcass weight was byfar the most important predictor of weight of saleable meat, or leg and loin joint weights. Conformation and estimated fat proportion made only marginal improvements, if any, to the precision of prediction, with fat proportion being the more important of the two predictors.
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Carabús, Anna, Marina Gispert, and Maria Font-i-Furnols. "Imaging technologies to study the composition of live pigs: A review." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 14, no. 3 (August 31, 2016): e06R01. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2016143-8439.
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Image techniques are increasingly being applied to livestock animals. This paper overviews recent advances in image processing analysis for live pigs, including ultrasound, visual image analysis by monitoring, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. The methodology for live pigs evaluation, advantages and disadvantages of different devices, the variables and measurements analysed, the predictions obtained using these measurements and their accuracy are discussed in the present paper. Utilities of these technologies for livestock purposes are also reviewed. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging yield useful results for the estimation of the amount of fat and lean mass either in live pigs or in carcasses. Ultrasound is not sufficiently accurate when high precision in estimating pig body composition is necessary but can provide useful information in agriculture to classify pigs for breeding purposes or before slaughter. Improvements in factors, such as the speed of scanning, cost and image accuracy and processing, would advance the application of image processing technologies in livestock animals.
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Diestre, A., and A. J. Kempster. "The estimation of pig carcass composition from different measurements with special reference to classification and grading." Animal Science 41, no. 3 (December 1985): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000335610003645x.
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AbstractData for 1002 pigs slaughtered between 1979 and 1982 from the Meat and Livestock Commission's Commercial Pig Evaluation scheme were used to examine the relative precision of different measurements for predicting carcass lean concentration. The sample covered the main market weights in Britain and comprised gilts and barrows. The overall means of carcass weight and lean concentration were 66·1 (s.d. 20·00) kg and 499 (s.d. 44·2) g/kg. Predictors were examined when used in addition to carcass weight.Of the measurements taken on the intact or centre-split carcass, fat thickness measured by optical probe 65 mm from the dorsal mid line over the m. longissimus at the last rib was the most precise predictor of lean concentration (residual s.d. = 24·6 g/kg). The precision was improved significantly when a mid-line loin fat thickness measurement was added (residual s.d. = 23·7). The stability of the selected regression equations was examined by applying them to data for three other sets of carcasses (totalling 489 carcasses) sampled from commercial abattoirs between 1975 and 1983. Biases (predicted minus actual lean concentrations) ranged from +13 to −25 g/kg.Among the measurements taken on the cut surface at the last rib, fat thickness 8 cm from the dorsal mid line was the most precise predictor (residual s.d. = 22·4 g/kg). The precision was improved significantly when m. longissimus depth was added (residual s.d. = 20·3 g/kg). Prediction bias with these measurements was similar to that recorded with the intact or split-carcass measurements. In both cases, bias tended to increase with the number of independent variables in the prediction equations.
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SOUZA, L. C. T., J. G. PEREIRA, T. L. B. SPINA, T. B. IZIDORO, A. C. OLIVEIRA, and J. P. A. N. PINTO. "Microbiological Evaluation of Chicken Carcasses in an Immersion Chilling System with Water Renewal at 8 and 16 Hours." Journal of Food Protection 75, no. 5 (May 1, 2012): 973–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-376.
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Since 2004, Brazil has been the leading exporter of chicken. Because of the importance of this sector in the Brazilian economy, food safety must be ensured by control and monitoring of the production stages susceptible to contamination, such as the chilling process. The goal of this study was to evaluate changes in microbial levels on chicken carcasses and in chilling water after immersion in a chilling system for 8 and 16 h during commercial processing. An objective of the study was to encourage discussion regarding the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Food Supply regulation that requires chicken processors to completely empty, clean, and disinfect each tank of the chilling system after every 8-h shift. Before and after immersion chilling, carcasses were collected and analyzed for mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, and Escherichia coli. Samples of water from the chilling system were also analyzed for residual free chlorine. The results do not support required emptying of the chiller tank after 8 h; these tanks could be emptied after 16 h. The results for all carcasses tested at the 8- and 16-h time points indicated no significant differences in the microbiological indicators evaluated. These data provide both technical and scientific support for discussing changes in federal law regarding the management of immersion chilling water systems used as part of the poultry processing line.
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Chae, Jeong-Seok, Jun-Min Jeon, Kyeong-Cheol Oh, Hee-Wook Ryu, and Shin-do Kim. "Evaluation of Field Applicability and Odor Emission Characteristics for Pig Carcasses Burial Treatment of Pilot Scale using Livestock Compost." Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 33, no. 2 (April 30, 2017): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5572/kosae.2017.33.2.108.
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Yeboah, Philip, FNA Odoi, M. Teye, and T. Yangtul. "The growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) fed on diets containing RE3™ probiotics." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 20, no. 07 (December 18, 2020): 16969–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.95.19185.
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The increasing abuse of antibiotics in production of food animals has led to development of resistant strains of bacteria (and other microbiota) which are responsible for several infectious diseases in animals and in humans. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of RE3TM, a third-generation probiotic used in place of a conventional antibiotics (to minimise incidence of antimicrobial resistance in livestock and human consumers), on growth performance and some carcass characteristics of guinea fowls. One hundred and twenty guinea fowl keets of mixed sexes with an average weight of 28.3±0.364g were used for the study conducted in a Completely Randomised Design. There were 4 treatments in which RE3TMwas incorporated at; 0.0ml/kg feed (Diet 1; Control), 1.0ml/kg feed (Diet 2) ,1.5ml/kg feed (Diet 3) and 2.0ml/kg feed (Diet 4); each treatment had 30birds. The feeding trial covered the entire meat production phase (starter, grower and finisher) which lasted for 84 days. Feed and water were given ad libitum.At maturity (12 weeks old), a total of thirty-six (36) birds (9 from each treatment, comprising 5 males and 4 females across the treatments) were selected, weighed and slaughtered.Carcass and viscera weights were taken, carcasses were then sectioned into primal cuts after 24-hour chilling at 4°C. Breast muscles from sampled carcasses were grilled for sensory evaluation by a trained panel, whilst the thigh muscles were subjected to proximate analyses. Data obtained were analysed for statistical significance using the one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Test, of the GenStat Statistical Package (Discovery Edition,VSN, 2012). Results obtained showed higher (p<0.05) growth rates and lower feed conversion ratio for birds on the diets with 1.0 ml of RE3TM per Kg feed. The carcass and body parts characteristics assessed however, showed no significant differences (p>0.05), except for the thighs which were heavier (p<0.05) in birds on the RE3TM supplemented diets, compared with those on the control diets.The use of RE3™ probiotics, up to 2.0ml/kg feed for guinea fowls, had no adverse effects on the growth of the birds, but it reduced the cost of providing medication for the birds. Fat content in the meat reduced, as inclusions of RE3TMincreased in the diets. It is recommended that relevant Government authorities and other stakeholders should aid in promoting the use of probiotics, instead of antibiotics in livestock production to minimise possible antibiotic residue in meat.
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Kempster, A. J., J. P. Chadwick, and D. D. Charles. "Estimation of the carcass composition of different cattle breeds and crosses from fatness measurements and visual assessments." Journal of Agricultural Science 106, no. 2 (April 1986): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600063802.
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SUMMARYCarcass data for 1053 steers from the Meat and Livestock Commission's beef breed evaluation programme were used to examine the relative precision of alternative fatness assessments for predicting carcass lean percentage. The data were from four trials and comprised both dairy-bred and suckler-bred cattle by a wide range of sire breeds.A visual assessment of carcass subcutaneous fat content to the nearest percentage unit (SFe) was the single most precise predictor both overall (residual S.d. = 2·28) and within breed (residual S.d. = 2·05). Precision was improved by the addition in multiple regression of the percentage perinephric and retroperitoneal fat (KKCF) in carcass, a visual score of the degree of marbling in the m. longissimus and selected fat thickness measurements taken by calipers on cut surfaces (residual S.d. = 2·11 (overall) and 1·90 (within breed)).When the best overall equation was applied to the breed means, there was substantial bias (predicted – actual carcass lean percentage). Biases ranged from +2·5 (purebred Canadian Holstein and Luing) to – 1·3 (Limousin crosses).Breeds differed significantly in carcass lean content when compared at equal levels of fatness measurements. The differences depended both on the precision with which the measurements predicted carcass lean content and the observed differences in carcass composition that existed before adjustments to equal fatness were made.The robustness of prediction equations was examined by applying them to independent sets of data (a total of 334 carcasses) from four other trials involving steers, heifers, cows and young bulls. Equations were stable for cattle of the same breed, sex and similar levels of fatness but important bias was found between more extreme types of cattle.
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Chae, Jeong-Seok, Jun-Min Jeon, Kyeong-Cheol Oh, Hee-Wook Ryu, and Shin-do Kim. "Retraction to : Evaluation of Field Applicability and Odor Emission Characteristics for Pig Carcasses Burial Treatment of Pilot Scale using Livestock Compost." Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 34, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.5572/kosae.2018.34.2.366.
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Basiel, Bailey L., Chad D. Dechow, and Tara L. Felix. "PSIV-2 A comparison of feedlot growth and performance of beef x Holstein crossbred steers and Holstein steers." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 298–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.548.
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Abstract Objectives were to compare feedlot performance and carcass traits of F1 beef × Holstein steers and Holstein steers. Angus or Limousin × Holstein crossbred [n = 27; age = 12 ± 3 months; body weight (BW) = 435 ± 8 kg] and Holstein (n = 20; age = 11 ± 2 months; BW = 400 ± 9 kg) steers were fed at the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture Livestock Evaluation Center for 111 days. Feed intake was recorded using the GrowSafe Feed Intake Monitoring System (Model 4000E, GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Calgary AB, Canada). The diet contained corn silage, dried distillers grains, soybean meal, and cracked corn and was formulated to meet or exceed the requirements of beef cattle (NASEM, 2016). Growth performance variables of interest and carcass measurements were analyzed with the Mixed procedure of SAS (SAS 9.4; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). USDA assigned quality grades (QG) and yield grades (YG) were analyzed the with GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Breed was a fixed effect in all models. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between breeds in average daily gain or feed efficiency. Crossbreds exceeded Holsteins in initial (P < 0.01) and final BW (P = 0.01), dry matter intake (P = 0.03), hot carcass weight (P < 0.01), backfat (P = 0.03), and ribeye area (REA; P < 0.01). Thirty-five percent (35%) of the Holsteins received a QG of Choice or above while 74% of crossbreds graded USDA Choice or above (P = 0.01). However, 75% of Holsteins were YG 2 or lower while only 45% of crossbreds achieved YG 2 or less (P = 0.05). There was no improvement in efficiency when crossbreds were compared to Holsteins; however, carcasses from crossbreds were more likely to grade USDA Choice or above while yielding greater REA and backfat than Holsteins.
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Vipond, J. E., J. FitzSimons, J. Robb, and G. Horgan. "Effects of fish-meal supplementation and shearing in store/finishing systems for lambs." Animal Science 55, no. 1 (August 1992): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100037302.
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AbstractDevelopment of new systems of lamb finishing for the late winter/spring market involving an extended housed store period on a predominantly straw diet are constrained by unacceptable reduction in muscle mass arising from inadequate protein supply during dietary adaptation from grass to straw. Problems with subsequent finishing on forage brassicas fedin situ arise from carcass contamination due to soiled wool of crossbred lambs which grow long fleeces over the extended store I finishing period. In order to study the effect of fish-meal supplementation on dietary change over from grass to straw 116 Mule wether lambs were allocated to four treatments, three of which received a supplement of 100 glday fish meal for 28 days from housing and introduction of a diet of straw ad libitum and 225 glday grain distillers' dark grains, the fourth group received no fish meal and was unshorn (No F/US). Shearing treatments of shorn (F/S), unshorn (F/US) and crutched (F/C) were applied to fish-meal supplemented group's. After 112 days, the housed lambs were grazed outside on swedes (Brassica napus) and effects of treatments on performance and bacterial contamination of carcasses (shearing treatments only) were studied. Fish-meal supplementation significantly reduced weight loss on dietary change by 2·2 kg after 45 days (P< 0·001). Of fishmeal supplemented lambs 83% eventually ‘finished’ (defined as Meat and Livestock Commission fat class 3LI3H) v. 34% of unsupplemented lambs. Shearing or crutching had little effect on store or finishing performance indicating adequate fleece regrowth for insulation purposes after turn-out. Shorn and crutched lambs had lower levels of bacterial carcass contamination with reductions of 0·06, 0·42 and 0·40 in counts for colony forming units per cm2, coliforms and Escherichia coli on leg sites (P < 0·05). Economic evaluation indicated financial advantage from fish-meal supplementation with an increase in margin over food costs of €3·50 as a result of heavier carcass weight and a reduced need for remedial concentrate feeding in the store period.
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Patieva, S. V., A. M. Patieva, D. V. Rak, and A. V. Zykova. "Comparative characteristics of Chinese silk breed chickens and broilers." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 84, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2022-1-82-85.
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Today poultry farming in the economy of our country is one of the leading branches of agricultural production due to the fact that it is able to provide a considerable part of the population with high-quality products. That is why the development of new breeds of birds is an important aspect. In this publication, chickens of the Chinese silk breed are considered. A scheme was proposed for the cultivation of Chinese silk breed chickens and broilers for the subsequent comparative characteristics of the breeds. The cultivation and slaughter of birds were carried out on the territory of the farm of the Krasnodar Territory. A comparative assessment of the characteristics of Chinese silk and broiler chickens was carried out in the laboratories of the Department of Technology of Storage and Processing of Livestock Products, the Research Institute of Biotechnology and Certification of Food Products of the KubGAU named after I.T. Trubilin. As a result of cutting the carcasses of the Chinese silk breed (n=5), the following data were obtained: carcass - 2.13 kg, liver - 0.05 kg, heart - 0.04 kg, neck - 0.17 kg, stomach - 0.095 kg, legs - 0.145 kg, head - 0.145 kg, wings - 0.26 kg. During the comparative analysis of chickens of different breeds, positive and negative qualities of Chinese silk chicken were revealed. According to the results of the comparative characteris-tics, the advantages of the Chinese silk bird breed can be considered: exotic appearance, unpretentiousness in maintenance, the use of meat and eggs, resistance to cold, good incubation and survival of offspring. However, there are minor drawbacks: low productivity, high cost of purchasing poultry and eggs. Thus, the database on the comparative evaluation of chicken meat of the Chinese silk breed was replenished.
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Drozd, M., and V. Usevich. "Assessment of the quality of meat and poultry raw materials using mineral adaptogen." Agrarian Bulletin of the 206, no. 03 (May 14, 2021): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2021-206-03-53-66.
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Abstract. The article presents the results of a comprehensive study on the effect of feed mineral additives on meat products in poultry farming. The purpose of the work is to analyze the effects of mineral adaptogen on the quality of meat and poultry products. Research methods. Research and production experience was carried out using generally accepted zootechnical, pathomorphological, histological, veterinary-sanitary and statistical research methods. Results of the study. The causes of bird death and pathological changes in organs and tissues during autopsy in the experimental and control groups are described. Describes the results of studies of veterinary-sanitary expertise of meat quality when conducting organoleptic evaluation of carcasses and offal, this sub-microscopic features of striated skeletal and cardiac muscle, studied the microstructure of cartilage in the femoral head and the microarchitecture of the liver as the main organ of metabolism and by-product. During histological studies, the structure of cells and tissues, when using mineral adaptogen, was more morphologically mature and was in a functionally active state, and in the control group, dystrophic and necrotic processes and areas with immature muscle fibers were observed. When comparing the lifetime indicators for increasing the live weight of broilers when feeding mineral adaptogen, the average daily weight gain increases, which is associated with a decrease in the toxic load and due to the receipt of micro- and macronutrients necessary for the growth and development of poultry. The safety of broiler livestock and the slaughter yield of meat increases. Minerals contribute to the proper development of the musculoskeletal system and the formation of cartilage tissue, which affects the quality of fattening, the bird can move and consume food. during the veterinary and sanitary assessment of meat quality, the results confirming the high quality of meat products were also obtained. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the paper shows not only the effect on the clinical state of poultry during the fattening of Arbor Acres broilers, the safety of livestock, but also on the microstructure and maturity of meat and offal during the slaughter period.
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Kempster, A. J., G. L. Cook, and M. Grantley-Smith. "National estimates of the body composition of British cattle, sheep and pigs with special reference to trends in fatness." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1986 (March 1986): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600015488.
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1The relationship between diet and health is now a major factor in the development of production and marketing strategies for the British meat industry, following Government recommendations that people should be encouraged to eat less fat. It has emphasised the need for accurate information on the body composition of national livestock populations and the fat content of the meat and meat products derived from them. This paper collates the information available for cattle, sheep and pigs, and provides base-line (1984) estimates of national lean and fat production. Changes that have taken place over the past ten years are also examined.2The basic framework for making estimates was the distribution of carcasses between fatness ranges in the national carcass classification schemes operated by the Meat and Livestock Commission (MLC). The distribution for cattle was obtained from a random 1 in 3 sample of beef carcasses classified (0.25 of all clean beef carcasses were classified).3A computer spread-sheet was constructed relating the midpoint means of the fatness ranges to carcass tissue proportions and chemical composition. Regressions for predicting carcass lean and fat content were calculated from accumulated data from surveys of commercial carcasses and breed evaluations for cattle (Kempster, 1986), for sheep (Kempster, Jones and Wolf, 1986a) and for pigs (Diestre and Kempster, 1985). Key regressions are given in Table 1. Carcass lean and fat are defined as in the standard MLC tissue separation procedure. Regressions for estimating carcass lipid content: were obtained using data from several studies. The principal study involved carcasses from breed comparison trials (MAFF/MLC, 1982). Details of the other data sets are given by Kempster, Cook and Grantley-Smith (1986b). Key relationships are given in Table 2.4Estimates of the composition of carcasses in different classification fatness ranges are given in Table 3. These are for 'clean' cattle, sheep and pigs, but estimates were also made for cull cows and cull ewes.5National estimates of carcass composition and the weights of lean and fat produced in 1975/77 and 1984 are given in Table 4. The carcass composition of beef was the same in 1974/76 and 1984 but the average carcass weight has increased by 20kg. The implication of this is that changes in breed and production system have created the potential for leaner carcasses but that the beef industry has preferred to exploit this potential by increasing carcass weights. An increase of 20kg is equivalent to about 15gAg separable fat in carcass on the basis of typical regressions within breed and system.The carcasses of clean sheep in 1984 were estimated to be slightly lighter and leaner than those in 1977. Information on marketing patterns suggests that there has been little change in production methods (as far as they affect composition) and that lambs are now being slaughtered early, possibly stimulated by the pattern of Guide Prices in the EEC Sheep Meat Regime.In marked contrast to cattle and sheep, the separable fat content of the average pig carcass has fallen from 274g/kg in 1975 to 228g/kg in 1985, with a small increase in carcass weight. It is estimated that the increase in the use of entire males has contributed 5g/kg to the overall change.6The estimates in the paper are considered to be the best available with current information but because of the limitations of the data may be subject to error. Possible sources of error are discussed by Kempster et al (1986b). The authors would be pleased to know of data relating physical and chemical composition that could be used to refine the estimates.
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Coffey, M. P., E. Wall, G. Banos, and R. Roehe. "Preliminary genetic analysis of beef carcass data." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200028970.
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Selective breeding of farm livestock is one of the most cost-effective ways of improving the performance and efficiency of livestock enterprises. Genetic improvement of British beef cattle over a ten year period was recently estimated to be worth approximately £23, and the benefits continue to rise (Amer et al., 2007). While these returns are impressive, they could be improved by increasing the rate of improvement in the purebred population, for example by increasing the relevance of estimated breeding values (EBVs) to beef production by using final carcass weight and grading information. This study will examine the feasibility carcass weights and classifications from UK commercial abattoirs for the genetic evaluation of cattle for carcass weight, carcass fatness class, and carcass conformation class.
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Conanec, Alexandre, Brigitte Picard, Denis Durand, Gonzalo Cantalapiedra-Hijar, Marie Chavent, Christophe Denoyelle, Dominique Gruffat, Jérôme Normand, Jérôme Saracco, and Marie-Pierre Ellies-Oury. "New Approach Studying Interactions Regarding Trade-Off between Beef Performances and Meat Qualities." Foods 8, no. 6 (June 7, 2019): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8060197.
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The beef cattle industry is facing multiple problems, from the unequal distribution of added value to the poor matching of its product with fast-changing demand. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the interactions between the main variables, evaluating the nutritional and organoleptic properties of meat and cattle performances, including carcass properties, to assess a new method of managing the trade-off between these four performance goals. For this purpose, each variable evaluating the parameters of interest has been statistically modeled and based on data collected on 30 Blonde d’Aquitaine heifers. The variables were obtained after a statistical pre-treatment (clustering of variables) to reduce the redundancy of the 62 initial variables. The sensitivity analysis evaluated the importance of each independent variable in the models, and a graphical approach completed the analysis of the relationships between the variables. Then, the models were used to generate virtual animals and study the relationships between the nutritional and organoleptic quality. No apparent link between the nutritional and organoleptic properties of meat (r = −0.17) was established, indicating that no important trade-off between these two qualities was needed. The 30 best and worst profiles were selected based on nutritional and organoleptic expectations set by a group of experts from the INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research) and Institut de l’Elevage (French Livestock Institute). The comparison between the two extreme profiles showed that heavier and fatter carcasses led to low nutritional and organoleptic quality.
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Yates, C. M., and M. G. Owen. "Comparison of Seven Ultrasonic Techniques for In Vivo Estimation of Pig Carcass Composition." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1993 (March 1993): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600024600.
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There are now many ultrasonic techniques, some capable of measuring fat depth, muscle depth and muscle area, which could be used to improve selection for breeding. An evaluation of seven techniques was conducted by the Meat and Livestock Commission to enable users to select the most appropriate technique based on accuracy, practicality and cost.
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Easterday, W. Ryan, José Miguel Ponciano, Juan Pablo Gomez, Matthew N. Van Ert, Ted Hadfield, Karoun Bagamian, Jason K. Blackburn, Nils Chr Stenseth, and Wendy C. Turner. "Coalescence modeling of intrainfection Bacillus anthracis populations allows estimation of infection parameters in wild populations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 8 (February 13, 2020): 4273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920790117.
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Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, is a well-established model organism. For B. anthracis and most other infectious diseases, knowledge regarding transmission and infection parameters in natural systems, in large part, comprises data gathered from closely controlled laboratory experiments. Fatal, natural anthrax infections transmit the bacterium through new host−pathogen contacts at carcass sites, which can occur years after death of the previous host. For the period between contact and death, all of our knowledge is based upon experimental data from domestic livestock and laboratory animals. Here we use a noninvasive method to explore the dynamics of anthrax infections, by evaluating the terminal diversity of B. anthracis in anthrax carcasses. We present an application of population genetics theory, specifically, coalescence modeling, to intrainfection populations of B. anthracis to derive estimates for the duration of the acute phase of the infection and effective population size converted to the number of colony-forming units establishing infection in wild plains zebra (Equus quagga). Founding populations are small, a few colony-forming units, and infections are rapid, lasting roughly between 1 d and 3 d in the wild. Our results closely reflect experimental data, showing that small founding populations progress acutely, killing the host within days. We believe this method is amendable to other bacterial diseases from wild, domestic, and human systems.
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Petrovic, M. M., S. Aleksic, M. P. Petrovic, M. Petrovic, V. Pantelic, Z. Novakovic, and D. Ruzic-Muslic. "Potentials of Serbian livestock production: Outlook and future." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 29, no. 1 (2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1301001p.
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The paper describes the state of the livestock production in the Republic of Serbia including preliminary results from the 2012 census: according to preliminary data, 908.990 heads of cattle, 3.403.288 pigs, 1.729.278 sheep and 235.576 goats are reared in Serbia. Structural and institutional measures, and measures of credit support should be the main instruments for achieving the goals of progress in animal husbandry. Activities in the breeding-selection work should be carried out in accordance with the recommendations of international organizations (ICAR, INTERBULL, EAAP). One of the most important outcome of these activities should result in a level of over 80% of the total population of cattle, pigs, sheep and other species of domestic farm animals in Serbia included in the control of production performance (presently between 25 and 30%). Genetic improvement of cattle, sheep and pigs (milk, meat) is very complex. More efficient use of reproductive technologies (AI - artificial insemination and embryo transfer ET, etc.), also of methods for evaluation of breeding value of farm animals through new methods of evaluation of breeding value of cows and breeding bulls will contribute to faster genetic improvement of production traits of these species of domestic animals. New knowledge in mapping and gene transfer, marker assisted selection, in vitro embryo development, embryo cloning, sexing, etc., are improving rapidly, with new technologies being developed permanently. Breeding/improvement of cattle, sheep and pigs in through breeding - selection work should facilitate further improvement of fertility traits, growth rate, feed efficiency, carcass quality (higher percentage of muscle tissue in the body), the quality of milk and meat, resistance to disease and stress, etc..
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Bryan, J. G. E., N. R. Wray, R. Crump, D. G. Nicholson, and R. Thompson. "A new genetic evaluation system for pedigree beef cattle in great britain." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600023096.
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The need to speed up the rate of genetic progress in beef cattle, particularly in economically significant traits such as growth and carcase merit has always been recognised by the Meat and Livestock Commission. This is achieved through the Beefbreeder Pedigree Recording Service which records over 1,000 pedigree herds in Great Britain. Traditionally, analysis of performance records from pedigree herds has been carried out using within herd contemporary comparisons.Average pedigree beef herd size in Great Britain is typically less than 20 cows which limits accuracy and scope for genetic improvement when making within herd selection decisions.
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Batista, Nielyson Junio Marcos, Patrícia Guimarães Pimentel, José Alexandre Agiova da Costa, Gelson Luís Dias Feijó, Guilherme Rocha Moreira, Rogério César Pereira de Araújo, Fernando Alvarenga Reis, João Paulo Arcelino do Rêgo, Magno José Duarte Cândido, and Ivone Yurika Mizubuti. "Bioeconomic efficiency of lamb finishing production systems." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 39, no. 3 (May 4, 2018): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n3p1199.
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This study aimed to evaluate the production performance, quantitative carcass characteristics, and economic viability of lambs of genetic group Pantaneiro finished under four production systems: 1) Stockpiled Brachiaria brizantha cv piatã pasture; 2) Consortium of sorghum intercropped with Brachiaria brizantha cv piatã; 3) Feedlot based on sorghum silage and 2% body weight energy-protein supplementation, 4) Feedlot based on sorghum silage and 4% body weight energy-protein supplementation. Were used one hundred Pantaneiro lambs with an average body weight of 17.85 ± 2.50 kg and at 70 ± 15 days of age, approximately. The average final body weight and total body weight gain of the animals finished on the consortium of sorghum intercropped with Brachiaria brizantha cv piatã were higher than those obtained with feedlot based on sorghum silage and 2% body weight energy-protein supplementation. However, when this system were compared with sorghum silage and 4% body weight energy-protein supplementation, these characteristics did not differ (P > 0.05). Hot and cold carcass weights were lower when animals were fed sorghum silage and 2% body weight energy-protein supplementation as compared with the animals finished on the other systems. The greatest hot (48.20%) and cold (45.83%) carcass yields were observed in animals finished on sorghum silage and 4% body weight energy-protein supplementation. For the carcass compactness index, animals that received sorghum silage and 4% body weight energy-protein supplementation obtained higher values than those observed for 2% of supplementation. The economic evaluation showed a great return for the finishing systems, except for sorghum silage and 4% body weight energy-protein supplementation, and concluded that finishing lambs in a crop-livestock integration system presented a higher benefit/cost ratio (1.61). Therefore, based on the conditions under which this study was conducted, the crop-livestock integration is the most viable system for finishing lambs.
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Diana, Alessia, Matteo Santinello, Massimo De Marchi, Erika Pellattiero, and Mauro Penasa. "The Role of Quarantine on Post-Mortem Performances of Charolaise Young Bulls." Animals 12, no. 4 (February 10, 2022): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12040425.
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Biosecurity is essential to prevent the spread of diseases in livestock animals such as the bovine respiratory disease which can lead to negative effects on growth performance, and carcass and meat quality, as well as to an increase of antimicrobial use. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the quarantine on post-mortem performances (hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, pH 60 min after slaughtering, carcass SEUROP conformation, and fat cover) of 576 Charolaise young bulls imported from France and fattened in specialized Italian farms. Approximately half of the animals followed a standard fattening procedure without initial quarantine upon arrival to Italy (NO-QUA) and the other half underwent a 30-day period of quarantine (QUA) since their arrival to the farm. Post-mortem performances and parenteral administration of antimicrobial use were recorded. NO-QUA animals had lower average daily gain and slaughter weight but scored higher for carcass SEUROP evaluation and pH than QUA animals (p < 0.05). NO-QUA received more than double the number of parenteral antimicrobial treatments than QUA animals for respiratory diseases (139 vs. 56). Overall, quarantine applied on-farm contributes to improve post-mortem performances while reducing antimicrobial use in beef production.
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Kempster, A. J. "Estimation of the carcass composition of different cattle breeds and crosses from conformation assessments adjusted for fatness." Journal of Agricultural Science 106, no. 2 (April 1986): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600063814.
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SUMMARYCarcass data for 1053 steers from the Meat and Livestock Commission's beef breed evaluation programme were used to examine the prediction of carcass composition from conformation-related characteristics corrected to equal fatness. The data were from four trials and comprised both dairy-bred and suckler-bred cattle by a wide range of sire breeds.When used with carcass weight (W) and a visual assessment of carcass subcutaneous fat percentage (SFe) (the most precise simple assessment of carcass lean percentage, residual S.d. = 2·28), m. longissimus area (MLA) at the 10th rib was the most effective conformation-related assessment (residual S.d. = 2·10). Precision was improved by the further addition of a visual conformation assessment (C15) on a 15-point scale (residual S.d. = 2·06). The use of equations combining W, SFe, MLA, C15 and other simple assessments of fatness improved the precision further (residual S.d. = 1·94).The measurement combinations above also provided a significant prediction of the percentage of total carcass lean distributed in the higher-priced joints. Residual S.d.s were: W + SFe, (1·12); W + SFe + MLA (1·07); W + SFe + MLA + C15 (1·06).When the equations were applied to the breed means, there was substantial bias (predicted – actual carcass lean percentage). Bias ranged from approximately + 1·5 (purebred Canadian Holsteins and Luings ) to – 1·6 (Limousin crosses). The accuracy of carcass lean prediction was not improved by the addition of bone measurements to the equations but there was some improvement in the prediction of lean to bone ratio: cattle with light, thin bones tended to have higher ratios.Similar combinations of independent variables were found to provide the most precise prediction within breed.
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Chadwick, J. P., C. M. Yates, and M. G. Owen. "Comparison of Four Ultrasonic Techniques for In Vivo Estimation of Sheep Carcass Composition." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1993 (March 1993): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600023576.
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1. There are many ultrasonic machines using a range of techniques varying in sophistication to measure fat and muscle depths for predicting carcass composition. An evaluation of four techniques was conducted by the Meat and Livestock Commission (MLC) to enable potential users to select the most appropriate technique based on accuracy, practicality and cost.2. A total of 150 commercial sheep comprising approximately equal numbers of castrates and ewes were evaluated in five batches of about equal size in lairage at one of two abattoirs. Live weight was recorded together with fat and muscle measurements from the Aloka, Dynamic Imaging, Dumatic and Velocity of Sound (VOS) ultrasonic techniques.3. The Aloka is a B-Mode real-time medical scanner which is currently used on cattle in Australia. The Dynamic Imaging is also a B-Mode real-time medical scanner which is currently used in MLC's Sheepbreeder Service.
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Onunkwo, D. N., G. Daniel-Igwe, E. Afam-Ibezim, B. N. Ezenyilimba, and I. U. Udokwu. "Carcass characteristics and organ proportions of broiler chickens fed different plant protein sources in an Acha grain-based diet." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 6 (February 28, 2021): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i6.2915.
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The stiff competition between man and livestock for maize as energy feedstuff has resulted in the high cost of poultry products. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding acha-based diet varying dietary plant protein to broiler chickens on carcass characteristic and organ proportions. A total of 120, one day-old Abor acre broiler chicks were used for the study in a Complete Randomized Design. Four dietary plant proteins were included in the broiler chicken diet at 28% level with an acha grain as the main energy source. Diet 1 contains 28% groundnut cake, while diets 2, 3 and 4 contain 28% of full fat soyabean, soyabean cake and cashew nut meal, respectively. The birds were randomly allotted to the 4 treatment groups, with each group having 30 birds which was further subdivided into 3 replicates of 10 birds each. This study lasted for 56 days. At the end of the feeding trial, carcass evaluation was carried out. One bird per replicate was randomly selected, starved overnight and slaughtered by severing the jugular vein. The visceral were removed and weighed. The results showed that birds fed dietary soyabean cake (Diet 3) had the highest live weight gain (2155.00g), slaughtered weight (1855.00g), defeathered weight (1838.33g), dressed weight (1455.00g) and shank (112.00g). The organ proportions showed significant differences (p<0.05), though followed no definite trend. In conclusion, birds fed diet 3 gave the best carcass weight, and the organ proportions showed no negative effect as par the diets offered the birds. Thus, inclusion of 28%, soyabean meal in an acha-grain based diets proved to be superior over groundnut cake and cashew nut and it is therefore recommended.
La vive concurrence entre l'homme et le bétail pour le maïs comme aliment énergétique a entraîné le coût élevé des produits de volaille. Par conséquent, une étude a été menée pour évaluer l'effet de l'alimentation à base d'acha avec des protéines végétales alimentaires variées sur les poulets de chair ainsi que les caractéristiques de la carcasse et les proportions des organes. Un total de 120 poussins de chair de 'Abor acre' âgés d'un jour a été utilisés pour l'étude dans un plan randomisé complet. Quatre protéines végétales diététiques ont été incluses dans le régime des poulets de chair à un taux de 28%, le grain d'acha étant la principale source d'énergie. Le régime 1 contient 28% de farine d'arachide, tandis que les régimes 2, 3 et 4 contiennent 28% de farine de soja, de gâteau de soja et de noix de cajou, respectivement. Les oiseaux ont été répartis au hasard dans les 4 groupes de traitement, chaque groupe comptant 30 oiseaux qui ont ensuite été subdivisés en 3 répétitions de 10 oiseaux chacun. Cette étude a duré 56 jours. À la fin de test d'alimentation, une évaluation de la carcasse a été effectuée. Un oiseau par réplique a été sélectionné au hasard, affamé pendant la nuit et abattu en sectionnant la veine jugulaire. Les viscéraux ont été prélevés et pesés. Les résultats ont montré que les oiseaux nourris avec du gâteau de soja diététique (régime 3) avaient le gain de poids vif (2155,00 g), le poids abattu (1855,00 g), le poids sans plumes (1838,33 g), le poids habillé (1455,00 g) et le jarret (112,00 g). Les proportions d'organes ont montré des différences significatives (p <0,05), mais n'ont suivi aucune tendance définie. En conclusion, les oiseaux nourris avec le régime 3 ont donné le meilleur poids de carcasse, et les proportions d'organes n'ont montré aucun effet négatif par rapport aux régimes offerts aux oiseaux. Ainsi, l'inclusion de 28% de gâteau de soja dans un régime à base de céréalesacha s'est avérée supérieure aux gâteau d'arachide et de noix de cajou et elle est donc recommandée.
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Mekki, Ilyes, Samir Smeti, Hadhami Hajji, Mokhtar Mahouachi, and Naziha Atti. "Effects of green oak acorn (<i>Quercus ilex</i>) intake on nutrient digestibility, lamb growth, and carcass and non-carcass characteristics." Archives Animal Breeding 65, no. 1 (March 11, 2022): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-65-113-2022.
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Abstract. The green oak (Quercus ilex) plays an important role in forest ecology when oaks are the dominant species or are plentiful. The use of acorns as an alternative to barley for livestock feeding can be beneficial for breeders. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the acorn intake by lambs in two stages, suckling and fattening, on growth, diet digestibility, carcass and non-carcass characteristics. For this, 32 lambs were used. During the suckling period, 16 lambs were reared on range pasture, supplied by barley (S-Ba), the other 16 on forest pasture and supplied by acorns (S-Ac). During the fattening period, lambs were assigned to concentrate based either on barley (F-Ba) or acorn (F-Ac) resulting in eight animals per suckling treatment per fattening treatment. The feed intake, diet digestibility and lamb growth were recorded. At 90 d of fattening, all animals were slaughtered and carcass traits studied. The main results show that the incorporation of acorn in concentrate was without effect on digestibility of organic matter, crud protein and neutral detergent fibre. The nitrogen balance was positive for animals fed barley concentrate or acorn one (>8 g d−1). The lamb growth rates and slaughter body weight were not affected by acorn incorporation in both phases (p>0.05). Consequently, the carcass weights and carcass yields were similar. The F-Ac and S-Ac lambs had relatively heavier liver than F-Ba and S-Ba. The carcass composition in cutting pieces and that in tissues (muscle, fat and bone) was similar for all groups. These results suggest that acorns could replace partially conventional feedstuffs as concentrate without affecting animal performance and carcass quality.
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Simpson, S. P., A. J. Webb, and S. Dick. "Evaluation of large White and Duroc boars as terminal sires under two different feeding regimes." Animal Science 45, no. 1 (August 1987): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100036692.
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AbstractLarge White and Duroc semen was used to form a three-breed cross from Large White x Norwegian Landrace dams. A pair of sibs from each litter was fed ad libitum and a further pair on a time-based scale at the Meat and Livestock Commission testing station at Stirling, Scotland. A total of 241 litters was tested. At the end of testing the pigs were slaughtered and standard carcass measurements were made. One side of the carcass of each of a sample of 60 pigs was fully dissected. The Duroc progeny grew faster and had better food conversion efficiency than the Large White progeny when fed ad libitum but there was no difference between the breeds when feeding was restricted. The Large White progeny produced a better trimming yield and were slightly longer. There was no significant difference in fat depths. The proportions of lean, fat and bone tissues did not differ greatly between the breeds although the Large White progeny had slightly more lean tissue and the Duroc progeny were more heavily boned and had more intermuscular fat. The Duroc terminal sires gave an economic advantage of £1·70 per pig when fed ad libitum but a loss of £0·35 when fed to a restricted scale. This was primarily due to the superior growth rate and food conversion efficiency of the Duroc progeny when fed ad libitum.
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Evans, D. G., A. J. Kempster, and D. E. Steane. "Differential rates of genetic change and genotype × environment interactions in six pig breeding company populations and a purebred Large White population." Animal Science 47, no. 3 (December 1988): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100003603.
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ABSTRACTDifferential rates of genetic change in litter productivity, growth and carcass traits were estimated for the pig populations of six British breeding companies from their relative performance between 1972 and 1981 in the Meat and Livestock Commission's Commercial Pig Evaluation. Pigs were grown on one of two feeding regimens and slaughtered at one of three live weights (61, 93 and 118 kg).Important differentials were found for a number of traits. Annual rates of change in litter size at birth differed by 0·34 pigs between the two extreme populations. The range between populations for live-weight daily gain (ad libitum feeding) was 20 g, for lean weight daily gain (restricted feeding) it was 6 g, and for lean weight food conversion (feeding regimens pooled) it was 28 g food per g gain. The average annual rate of change of the six company populations was compared with the rate achieved by the purebred Large White breed over the period 1972 to 1977. For mean piglet birth weight the rate was 30 g higher for the company populations, whilst for carcass weight daily gain it was 24 g higher.There was little evidence for population × feeding regimen interactions except that companies ranked differently in average daily food intake, live-weight daily gain and carcass weight daily gain on the two feeding regimens. On limited evidence, population × slaughter weight interactions were also unimportant.
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Winders, Thomas, Eric Serum, David J. Smith, Bryan W. Neville, Kafi Mia, Samat Amat, Carl R. Dahlen, and Kendall C. Swanson. "335 Evaluation of Hempseed Cake on Cattle Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Feeding Behavior in Finishing Diets." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.334.
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Abstract As cannabinoid production continues to increase, there is increasing interest in feeding byproducts of industrial hemp production to livestock. An experiment using crossbred heifers (n = 31; initial BW= 494 kg, SE = 10) was conducted to determine the effects of feeding hempseed cake in a corn-based finishing diet (10% forage) formulated to meet or exceed ruminally degradable and metabolizable protein requirements on growth, performance, carcass characteristics, and feeding behavior. Heifers were assigned randomly to one of two treatments: 1.) diet containing 20% dried distillers grains plus solubles (CON, n = 16), or 2.) diet containing 20% hempseed cake (HEMP, n = 15) on a dry-matter basis. Cattle were housed in two pens, had ad-libitum access to feed and water, and individual intakes and feeding behavior were captured using the Insentec BV feeding system across the feeding period (111 d). Final BW was not different (P = 0.28) between CON (696 kg, SE = 12) and HEMP (683 kg, SE = 12) heifers. Dry matter intake was not different between treatments (P = 0.99), while CON cattle had improved ADG and feed efficiency (G:F; P ≤ 0.04) compared to HEMP cattle. Carcass characteristics were not different (P ≥ 0.20) between treatments for all parameters measured. Control and HEMP cattle were not different (P ≥ 0.34) for number of meals, time spent eating, number of visits to the bunk per day, meal size, or eating rate. Feeding hempseed cake reduced ADG and G:F while having no effect on other performance measures, carcass characteristics, or feeding behavior. Overall, these data suggest hempseed cake could be a viable alternative feed source for ruminants depending on availability and cost. Further understanding of hempseed cakes’ nutrient utilization is critical to determining this products viability as a feedstuff for cattle.
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Gléria, A. A., L. F. Gonçalves, T. D. P. Paim, R. Z. Taveira, P. V. R. Paulino, F. L. Claudio, E. M. Alves, and R. M. D. Silva. "518 Carcass evaluation of Nellore and Nellore × Angus females recreated in two production system with and without crop-livestock integration." Journal of Animal Science 95, suppl_4 (August 1, 2017): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/asasann.2017.518.
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Segers, Jacob R., Jason Duggin, Lawton Stewart, and Jacob Nyhuis. "138 The Tifton Bull Evaluation Program: A 5-year review." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_1 (July 2019): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz053.015.
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Abstract The Tifton Bull Evaluation Program is an educational program that utilizes an investment and reward system to convey livestock selection, nutrition, and data management education to beef cattle producers. The program is held annually at the Tifton Bull Evaluation Center in Irwinville GA. Consignors are required to pay nomination and testing fees to cover the cost of bull development. At 28 d intervals, BW is collected and used to calculate ADG, and weight per day of age (WDA). Carcass ultrasound data, scrotal circumference and beginning and ending hip height are also collected. At the end of the 112-d test, bulls in approximately the top two-thirds of each breed based on an index of ADG and WDA, and meet all standards for health and breeding soundness, are eligible for the sale. In the last 5 years, 769 bulls have been tested at Tifton. The respective sales resulted in 847 people having registered to bid with 329 actual buyers from 7 states purchasing 504 bulls for a total of $1,672,800. As expected, Angus accounted for most bulls tested (48.7%) and sold (49.2%) with the average Angus bull worth $3,508, $195 more than the 5-yr average. Breeds with less than 5 entries per year were assigned to a single breed group (AOB). Bulls in the AOB group were the least valuable (average = $2,482) averaging $831 below the 5-yr average price. Lower feed costs have helped the program reduce test fees from $940 per bull in 2014 to a low of $760 and $765 per bull in 2017 and 2018; however, sale fees have risen from 3.39% in 2015 to 7.29% in 2018. No large changes have been noted in bull performance or carcass ultrasound parameters across years. Consignors have reported positive experiences with the program overall
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VIAL, F., S. THOMMEN, and L. HELD. "A simulation study on the statistical monitoring of condemnation rates from slaughterhouses for syndromic surveillance: an evaluation based on Swiss data." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 16 (May 28, 2015): 3423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268815000989.
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SUMMARYSyndromic surveillance (SyS) systems currently exploit various sources of health-related data, most of which are collected for purposes other than surveillance (e.g. economic). Several European SyS systems use data collected during meat inspection for syndromic surveillance of animal health, as some diseases may be more easily detected post-mortem than at their point of origin or during the ante-mortem inspection upon arrival at the slaughterhouse. In this paper we use simulation to evaluate the performance of a quasi-Poisson regression (also known as an improved Farrington) algorithm for the detection of disease outbreaks during post-mortem inspection of slaughtered animals. When parameterizing the algorithm based on the retrospective analyses of 6 years of historic data, the probability of detection was satisfactory for large (range 83–445 cases) outbreaks but poor for small (range 20–177 cases) outbreaks. Varying the amount of historical data used to fit the algorithm can help increasing the probability of detection for small outbreaks. However, while the use of a 0·975 quantile generated a low false-positive rate, in most cases, more than 50% of outbreak cases had already occurred at the time of detection. High variance observed in the whole carcass condemnations time-series, and lack of flexibility in terms of the temporal distribution of simulated outbreaks resulting from low reporting frequency (monthly), constitute major challenges for early detection of outbreaks in the livestock population based on meat inspection data. Reporting frequency should be increased in the future to improve timeliness of the SyS system while increased sensitivity may be achieved by integrating meat inspection data into a multivariate system simultaneously evaluating multiple sources of data on livestock health.
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R. Huenchullan, Paula, Sonia Vidal, Rafael Larraín, and Leonardo Saénz. "Effectiveness of a New Recombinant antiGnRH Vaccine for Immunocastration in Bulls." Animals 11, no. 5 (May 11, 2021): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051359.
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Castration by surgical techniques is common in livestock; however, post-surgery complications and concerns for animal wellbeing have created a need for new non-invasive alternatives. The objective of this study was to evaluate immunocastration in bulls using antigen GnRX G/Q; a recombinant peptide proved to be effective in laboratory and companion animals. A nine-month trial with 80 9-month-old Normand x Hereford bulls, kept in a pastured system, was conducted. The herd was divided in half with 40 bulls surgically castrated (SC) and 40 castrated by immunization against GnRH (IC). The antigen was injected on days 0 and 40 of the experiment. After the second dose, the IC group had elevated GnRH antibodies and decreased testosterone levels (below 5 ng/mL) that were maintained for 23 weeks. At slaughter on day 190, the immunocastrated group obtained a higher weight, hot carcass, and dressing percentage than the SC group. There was no difference in pH, color of meat, fat coverage, cooking loss, or tenderness between groups. The bulls showed no inflammatory reaction at the injection site or adverse side effects from the vaccine. Our results demonstrate that immunocastration with GnRX G/Q is an efficient and safe alternative to surgical castration in livestock. Additional work evaluating antigen effects over a longer period is needed to validate commercial viability.
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Seregin, Ivan G., Evgeniya S. Baranovich, Vladimir E. Nikitchenko, Dmitry V. Nikitchenko, and Ekaterina O. Rystsova. "Veterinary and sanitary characteristics of sarcocystosis infected cattle meat." RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries 15, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 210–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2020-15-2-210-224.
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The rate of sarcocystosis detection in slaughtered cattle was studied. The infection rate for slaughtered animals averaged 0.382.11 % of studied livestock. The location of sarcocysts in various muscle tissues of the carcass was determined. Organoleptic, physical chemical and microbiological characteristics of beef from sick and healthy animals were compared. Detected was a decrease in sensory indicators by 0.140.34 points, an increase in pH - by 0.34 units, an increase in VFA - by 0.4 mg/KOH and in amino-ammonia nitrogen concentration - by 0.09 mg/%. The content of protein decreased by 0.92 %, fat - by 1.04 %, and moisture level increased by 2.90 %. At the same time, a decrease in relative bioavailability by 10.7 % and safety by 5.1104 of meat infected with sarcocystosis as compared to meat of healthy cattle was detected. It was found out that the shelf life of chilled meat from animals infected with sarcocystosis is 1-2 days less than that of healthy ones. Based on the data obtained, proposals were developed for improving the veterinary-sanitary evaluation of meat and other products of slaughtered animals infected with sarcocystosis in order to be incorporated into the Rules of Veterinary Sanitary Examination of Meat and Meat Products.
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Black, J. L. "Brief history and future of animal simulation models for science and application." Animal Production Science 54, no. 12 (2014): 1883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14650.
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Mathematical equations have been used to add quantitative rigour to the description of animal systems for the last 100 years. Initially, simple equations were used to describe the growth of animals or their parts and to predict nutrient requirements for different livestock species. The advent of computers led to development of complex multi-equation, dynamic models of animal metabolism and of the interaction between animals and their environment. An understanding was developed about how animal systems could be integrated in models to obtain the most realistic prediction of observations and allow accurate predictions of as yet unobserved events. Animal models have been used to illustrate how well animal systems are understood and to identify areas requiring further research. Many animal models have been developed with the aim of evaluating alternative management strategies within animal enterprises. Several important gaps in current animal models requiring further development are identified: including a more mechanistic representation of the control of feed intake; inclusion of methyl-donor requirements and simulation of the methionine cycle; plus a more mechanistic representation of disease and the impact of microbial loads under production environments. Reasons are identified why few animal models have been used for day-to-day decision making on farm. In the future, animal simulation models are envisaged to function as real-time control of systems within animal enterprises to optimise animal productivity, carcass quality, health, welfare and to maximise profit. Further development will be required for the integration of models that run real time in enterprise management systems adopting precision livestock farming technologies.
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Abdel-Kafy, E. M., S. F. Darwish, and D. ElKhishin. "Correlating single nucleotide polymorphisms in the myostatin gene with performance traits in rabbit." World Rabbit Science 24, no. 3 (September 28, 2016): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2016.4026.
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The Myostatin (MSTN), or Growth and Differentiation Factor 8 (GDF8), gene has been implicated in the double muscling phenomenon, in which a series of mutations render the gene inactive and unable to properly regulate muscle fibre deposition. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MSTN gene have been correlated to production traits, making it a candidate target gene to enhance livestock and fowl productivity. This study aimed to assess any association of three SNPs in the rabbit MSTN gene (c.713T>A in exon 2, c.747+34C>T in intron 2, and c.*194A>G in 3’-untranslated region) and their combinations, with carcass, production and reproductive traits. The investigated traits included individual body weight, daily body weight gain, carcass traits and reproductive traits. The 3 SNPs were screened using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-based analysis and the effects of the different SNP genotypes and their combinations were estimated in a rabbit population. Additionally, additive and dominance effects were estimated for significant traits. The results found no significant association between the c.713 T>A SNP and all the examined traits. Allele T at the c.747+34C>T SNP was only significantly associated (P<0.05) with increased body weight at 12 wk of age. However, for the SNP residing in the 3’ untranslated region (c.*194A>G), allele G was significantly associated (P<0.05) with increased body weight and high growth rate. Genotype GG at the c.*194A>G SNP also had positive effects on most carcass traits. The estimated additive genetic effect for the c.*194A>G SNP was significant (P<0.05) with most body weight, daily gain and carcass traits. No significant association was obtained between any MSTN SNPs and reproductive traits. In the combinations analysis, regardless of the genotypes of SNPs at c.713T>A and c.747+34C>T, GG at the c.*194A>G SNP correlated with highest values in body weight and daily weight gain. In conclusion, the ‘G’ allele at the c.*194A>G SNP had positive effects on growth and carcass traits and so could be used as a favourable allele in planning rabbit selection. Further population-wide studies are necessary to test the association of the c.*194A>G SNP with carcass traits. We also recommend evaluation of the potential effects of the c.*194A>G SNP on MSTN gene expression.
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Akinmoladun, Oluwakamisi F., Fabian N. Fon, Conference Mpendulo, and Omobola Okoh. "PSXIII-25 Quality and sensory evaluation of Xhosa goat meat subjected to different watering regimen and vitamin C supplementation." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.777.
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Abstract Water scarcity, often accompanied by limited water intake (WI) in livestock, may result in pre-slaughter stress, thereby affecting meat quality. The study evaluated water restriction (WR) levels with or without vitamin C (VC) supplementations on Xhosa goats’ performance, quality and sensory attributes of its meat. Goats (n = 42; mean weight= 15.92±2.12 kg) were distributed into seven treatments groups: without WR (W0, control), WR of 70% (W70) and 50% (W50) of ad libitum WI, WR of 70% (W70+) and 50% (W50+) of ad libitum WI plus 3g VC daily, and WR of 70% (W70++) and 50% (W50++) of ad libitum WI plus 3g VC and extra 5gVC given every eight-day.VC was administered per os. Body weight changes were taken weekly. At the end of the trial (75-d), slaughtering was done following standard procedures. pH24 was measured in the Longissimus lumborum (LTL) muscle between the 12th and 13th ribs, 24 h post-slaughter. Four pieces (2 cm thick) were cut from the carcass’s LTL muscle and assigned for thaw loss, moisture, TBARS, sensory attributes (colour, texture, taste-odour, acceptability), fat and fat-free dry matter determinations. The sensory scores were transformed to achieve normality. Data obtained were analyzed using the GLM of SAS (2003). The dry matter intake and body weight decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in response to WR levels and rose in the vitamin C treated groups. Effect of WR levels and VC supplementation were not significant (P > 0.05) on TBARS, pH24, colour, odour and thaw loss. The meat appearance, moisture and fat content decreased (P ≤ 0.05) with WR levels. This study demonstrates that reduced body weight due to suboptimal WI could be lessened with daily VC supplementation. Also, WR levels and with or without VC, did not impact negatively on the meat quality parameters like oxidative stability of lipids, thaw loss and pH24
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Spore, Tyler, Mesfin Mekonnen, Christopher Neale, Andrea K. Watson, James C. MacDonald, and Galen E. Erickson. "293 Evaluation of the Water Footprint of Beef Cattle Production in Nebraska." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.248.
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Abstract Data were compiled from an experiment evaluating the effects of month of calving, wintering system, and calf management on cow and calf performance to model the amount of water (green and blue) required to produce beef in Nebraska production systems. The referenced study was conducted over four years utilizing 217 cow/calf pairs per year. Cows were wintered on either native range or corn residue and month of calving was March, June, or August. Calves were managed as calf-feds or yearlings and only steer calves were included in the model. A 365-d period was utilized to estimate the cow’s contribution of water inputs based on dry matter intake throughout the year varying by production system. Diet characteristics, dry-matter intake, days on feed, average daily gain, and hot carcass weight were measurements used to estimate water utilization by the calves. The total water footprint was calculated by dividing the total amount of water used for each system (L) by the amount of boneless beef produced (kg). Production systems where cows were wintered on corn residue utilized 18% less water than systems utilizing native range as a wintering source, because of water allocations using the value fraction method. Increasing the dietary inclusion of distillers grains from 0% to 40% decreased the water footprint in the finishing phase by 29%. Utilizing by-products in replacement of primary crops decreases the overall water footprint of production. Across all scenarios modeled, more than 50% of the water footprint was allocated to the cow grazing rainfed pasture (green water) and over 98% of the water footprint was allocated to growing feed. Improvements in crop water use efficiency will benefit livestock production. The water footprint of the beef systems analyzed was 80% green water as rain, minimizing the environmental impact of beef production on freshwater use and ecological water balance.
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Sheyko, R. I. "Evaluation of breeding traits of parental forms of sows and boars using selection indices." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 57, no. 2 (May 18, 2019): 216–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2019-57-2-216-229.
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Breeding indices represent qualitatively new approach to evaluation of animals. They are the selection scale the animals can be quantitatively differentiated by breeding value with. They are needed also due to the fact that at present, when creating new breeds and types, selection is carried out according to many quantitative traits of various breeding and economic importance. The paper presents results of evaluation of parental forms animals (Y ç L and L ç Y) by reproductive traits, and also breeding value of animals is analyzed based on breeding indices. Complex index of the breeding value of sows of the final parental forms (Y ç L) made 99.3 scores, sows of Landrace breed - 98.7 scores. Growth and development indicators of sows, as well as boars aged 12 months are studied according to fattening traits. The breeding value of pigs was determined according to the following performance indicators: number of nipples, average daily weight gain of animal from birth to 100 kg of body weight, backfat thickness, lean meat level in carcass. Using modern genetic methods, calculations were carried out to evaluate the breeding value of sows by their performance traits, which made it possible to identify the true genetic potential of animals and predict performance traits of their offspring. Acknowledgments. The research was carried out as part of the state scientific and technical program of the State Pedagogical Institute for Scientific Research “Quality and Efficiency of Agroindustrial Production”, subprogram “Livestock and breeding for 2016–2020” on the topic “Methodology for creating highly productive genotypes of pigs of meat productivity using classical breeding techniques in combination with marker selection”.
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Stanger, KJ, NJ Kells, AD Fisher, T. Jubb, J.-L. Rault, and C. Johnson. "Evaluation of euthanasia of sheep with intravenous saturated salt solutions to enable the collection of whole, intact brains." Animal Welfare 28, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.7120/09627286.28.4.397.
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Captive bolts or firearms are unsuitable for euthanasia of livestock when an intact brain is required for diagnostics. Injectable barbiturates can be used, but this method carries risk of poisoning animals eating the carcase. Intravenous saturated salt solutions have been used to euthanase heavily sedated ruminants and are cheap, readily available and not a risk to scavenging animals. However, there is concern that they may be painful or cause distress to animals that are not unconscious. This study aimed to determine the suitability of saturated salt solutions, in combination with xylazine, as a method of euthanasia of ruminants using a sheep model. Thirty-two sheep were sedated with xylazine (0.4 mg kg–1 IM) and euthanased with an intravenous overdose of pentobarbitone (PENT; n = 10), saturated potassium chloride (KCL; n = 11) or saturated magnesium sulphate (MGS; n = 10). Time until end of rhythmic breathing and cardiac arrest, and movement events were recorded. Conscious perception of pain was evaluated by measuring cortical brain activity by electroencephalography (EEG). There was no evidence of perceived pain or unpleasant sensory experience for any treatment as indicated by P50, P95 and Ptot, and so all methods were deemed humane. Time until transient EEG was comparable for all treatments. Time until onset of isoelectric EEG was prolonged for KCL. Animals euthanased with KCL consistently exhibited severe reflex movements during infusion (eg kicking, convulsion). No severe movement events were observed in animals euthanased with MGS, hence, physiological and movement data support the preferential use of MGS over KCL.
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Olumide, M. D., A. O. Akinsoyinu, and R. A. Hamzat. "Evaluation of performance, carcass characteristics, serum biochemistry and hematological parameters of broilers fed graded levels of raw cocoa bean shell based diet." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 3 (January 2, 2021): 210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i3.743.
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Competition exists between man and his livestock for conventional feed ingredients like maize. This has necessitated the search for alternative ingredients. Large quantities of cocoa bean shell are produced and wasted annually by farmers and associated processing industries in Nigeria. A total of one hundred and fifty day-old Anak broiler chicks were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments with 30 birds per treatment, replicated thrice, in a completely randomised design. The treatments were: A (0% CBS-control diet); B (5% RCBS); C (10% RCBS); D (15% RCBS) and E (20% RCBS). Birds were fed ad libitum throughout the experimental period of eight weeks. The feed intake and weight gained were monitored. Carcass analysis, serum and hematological parameters such as total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, glucose, creatinine, red blood cell, white blood cells, hemoglobin and packed cell volume were determined. Significant differences were observed in the feed intake, the birds fed with the control diet A had the highest feed intake 4556.50gm compared with birds fed diet D and E with mean values of 4177.50gm and 4097.00gm respectively. The highest weight gain was obtained from birds on control diet (1952.00gm) and the lowest from birds with 20% RCBS (1550.00gm, diet E). As the level of inclusion of RCBS increased the feed conversion ratio value increased. The dressed out percentage ranged from 73.67% - 67.00%. Apparent variations in the values obtained for total protein, creatinine, red blood cells, hemoglobin and packed cell volume of the birds fed graded levels of RCBS were not significant. However, white blood cells and globulin values increased with increase in the level of CBS in the diet. RCBS could effectively replace up to 10% maize in the diets of broilers without a deleterious effect on broiler chicken.
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HATHAWAY, STEVE C., and ANDREW I. MCKENZIE. "Postmortem Meat Inspection Programs; Separating Science and Tradition." Journal of Food Protection 54, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-54.6.471.
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Although a traditional approach to postmortem meat inspection dominates current programs, scientific evidence increasingly suggests that some practices are inappropriately focused. Allocation of inspection resources in modern meat production and processing systems should reflect a distribution according to risk, rather than a distribution according to the classical rules of meat inspection. Postmortem inspection procedures are not usually differentiated according to the class of livestock presented for slaughter, and they may be inappropriate to the spectrum and prevalence of diseases and defects present in a particular geographical region. A risk assessment model can provide the methodology for scientific evaluation of different postmortem inspection procedures, and allow the recognition of equivalent rather than replicated programs by international trading partners. The threat to human (and animal) health posed by various grossly evident diseases detectable by routine meat inspection procedures has been overemphasized relative to the threat posed by inadvertent microbiological contamination of the carcass and offals. The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point approach (HACCP) identifies and ranks microbiological and other hazards that can arise at each operational step in a food processing system and is a scientifically based system for process control. It has yet to be introduced as a formal method for regulatory control of slaughter and dressing. The networking of slaughterhouse information back to the farm enhances the preventative approach of HACCP.
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Khalak, V. I. "Fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of different intensity of formation in early ontogenesis and intra-breed differentiation by melanocortin 4 receptor gene (Mc4r)." Animal Husbandry of the Steppe of Ukraine 1, no. 1 (October 11, 2022): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2786-6750.1.1.2022.80-87.
Full textAbstract:
The results of studies of fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of different intensity of formation in early ontogeny and different genotypes of the melanocortin 4 receptor gene (Mc4r) are presented, the level of correlations between traits and economic efficiency of animals in experimental groups
The research was conducted in Druzhba-Kaznacheyivka LLC of Dnipropetrovsk region, Jazz meat-packing plant, genetics laboratory of the Institute of Pig Breeding and APV NAAS and livestock laboratory of the State Institution "Institute of Grain Crops NAAS". The work was performed according to the research program of NAAS №30 "Innovative technologies of breeding, industrial and organic production of pig products (" Pig breeding "). Evaluation of animals for fattening and meat qualities was carried out taking into account the following characteristics: the average daily increase in live weight during the period of control fattening, g; age of live weight 100 kg, days, length of chilled carcass, cm; length of bacon half of chilled carcass, cm; fat thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, mm (Berezovsky, Khatko, 2005). Biometric processing of research results (Kovalenko et al., 2010) and calculation of economic efficiency of research results ("Methods of determining economic", 1983) was carried out according to generally accepted methods. It has been established that young pigs of the controlled population meet the requirements of class I and elite class in terms of fattening and meat qualities. Taking into account the intrabreed differentiation of large white animals by the gene of the melanocortin 4 receptor (Mc4r), the following was established. Young pigs of the Mc4r AG genotype outperform their Mc4r AA peers in terms of average daily live weight gain, age of 100 kg live weight, fat thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae and chilled carcass length by an average of 4.50%. The difference between the groups according to the Tyler B. index is 11.82 points (td = 3.70; P <0.01). According to the average daily gain of live weight, the difference between young pigs of different intrabreeding differentiation on the index "intensity of formation" is 4.69%, the age of 100 kg - 3.10% and the length of chilled carcass - 1.23%. The number of reliable relationships between fattening and meat qualities, as well as the indices of "intensity of formation" and Tyler B. is 75.0%, which indicates their use in breeding and breeding work. The use of young pigs of the Mc4r AG genotype and animals of group I, in which the index of "intensity of formation" is 0.996 ± 0.0126 provided additional products at the level of +2.65 - +2.71%.
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Brody, Tio, Arturo Macias Franco, Aghata Elins Moreira da Silva, and Mozart Fonseca. "PSVII-15 Evaluation of the Effects of Hormonal Implants on Efficiency, and Water Footprint of Feedlot Steers." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.708.
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Abstract As freshwater sources continue to deplete, federal policy will likely marginalize water distribution towards agricultural communities more harshly. This ever-limiting resource highlights the significance of proactively improving quantification and water utilization of livestock operations. The goals herein investigated the effects of long-term implants on animal performance and water footprint. Eighteen crossbred F1 Angus x Hereford steers were randomly assigned to implanted (IMP; n = 9) or non-implanted (NIMP; n = 9) groups in two pens equipped with individual feeding gates and four RFID-automated water intake and body weight scales for a period of 135d. Steers were fed the same finishing diet across groups (400 g/kg alfalfa hay, 402 g/kg ground corn, 161 g/kg ground barley, 23.4 g/kg soybean meal, 10.8 g/kg mineral mix, and 2.7 g/kg limestone). Water footprint was classified as green, blue and grey (rainwater, surface/groundwater, and waste/contaminated water, respectively). Statistical analyses were performed on R Statistical Software following a linear mixed model methodology with the implanting treatment as a fixed effect and animal as a random effect to the intercept. Overall, expected increases in feed efficiency and performance were observed on this experiment where implanted animals had greater carcass weights (p < 0.0001), average daily gains (p < 0.0001), and body weights (BW; p = 0.001) all while consuming less feed by unit of BW ( p < 0.0001). With regards to water, the implanted animals consumed less water per kilogram of body weight gain (p < 0.0001). No differences were observed for water footprint evaluations in this experiment (p > 0.5). These results highlight that genetic and metabolic mechanisms regulating feed efficiency on implanted animals may also regulate water efficiency directly or indirectly, and therefore, further warrants the investigation of these pathways in future research.
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Petrov, R., A. Fotin, and O. Pidlubny. "Assessment of the quality and safety of carpets with mycotoxicosis." Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Veterinary Medicine, no. 4 (47) (December 24, 2019): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.vet.2019.4.4.
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Introduction. The article deals with the results of the mycotoxicological analysis of feed samples of pond fish. There were found the T2-toxin and aflatoxins.The combined presence of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 and T2-toxin was found in all samples of fish feed. Was also studied the impact of combination of several mycotoxins on organoleptic and physico-chemical characteristics of fish carcasses. Fish, affected by mycotoxins, can be classified to the category of doubtful freshness.
Materials and methods of research. The studies were conducted between May and October 2019. The investigated materials were a large number of grain and grain mixtures, for feeding fish in six ponds in Nikolaevska settlement community of Sumy region. Preparation of grain samples were made according resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, June 14, 2002, No. 833 «The order of the selection of samples animal, plant and biotechnological origin». The studies of the toxicity and persistent T2-toxin and full amount of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 are conducted on the basis of the Sumy Regional Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine. Feed toxicity was investigated by bioassay on the Tetrahymena piriformis infusorium used the DSTU 3570-97. The RIDASCREEN test systems were used to investigate the aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in grains and grain mixtures. Ichthyopathological studies were conducted in the department of Veterinary and Sanitary Examination, Microbiology, Zooghygiene, Safety and the Guality of Livestock Products of the Sumy National Agrarian University by the accepted methods.
Results of research and discussion. In the territory of the Nikolaevska settlement community of Sumy region there are six ponds, in which hold fish, mainly crucian and carp. The fish are fed once a week. Feed mainly consists of grain waste (barley, wheat), which is supplied by local farmers. Food is stored in unsuitable premises. In the feed we noted the presence of remains of substandard grain, which was thrown out during separation. Grain samples are not sampled and laboratory tests are not carried out.
The feed is shipped by transport to ponds, dumped from the shore into a pond, immersed in to the water, where consumed by the fish.
Totaly 19 samples of feed were examined during this period. Organoleptic evaluation of grain and grain mixtures revealed that the color of the grain was natural, the smell of all the samples had a certain tinge of moldy-musty, some samples had signs of fermentation and mold.
Aqueous solutions of the grain extracts and mixtures of the test samples caused a stopping of movement and death of all Tetrahymena piriformis infusions up to 60 minutes in 7 samples, that indicates the toxicity of these feeds. Low toxicity was detected in 11 samples of experimental feed. The absence of toxicity was evidenced by the activity of Tetrahymena piriformis infusoriums, which persisted for 1 hour after the action of aqueous extracts of the samples.
The results of the determination of the toxicity of grain feed using infusorium Tetrahymena piriformis.
To analyze the content of major mycotoxins was used competitive enzyme immunoassay. The RIDASCREEN FAST Aflatoxin test system and the RIDASCREEN FAST T-2 Toxin test system have a high sensitivity of 0.0017 mg / kg and 0.05 mg / kg, respectively, which made it possible to determine the content of T-2 toxin, the amounts of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in their lowest concentration.
The results of analysis of feed samples using the amount of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2
That in all samples of grain and grain mixtures was established the presence of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2. In 7 samples its content exceeds the maximum permissible concentrations.
In 10 samples, the combined presence of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 and T2-toxin was found, in 5 samples - exceeding the maximum levels. It is known that the combination of several mycotoxins can lead to their synergistic interaction, which will have a more pronounced toxic effect.
Unfortunately, it was not possible to determine the maximum content of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 and T2-toxin, so further test kits with different reading ranges should be used, since highly sensitive mycotoxin detection kits make it impossible to determine up to 1 mg / kg.
In the following research, we studied the chemical properties of fish meat: reaction to peroxidase (benzidine sample), amount of amino-ammonia nitrogen, reaction with copper sulfate, reaction with Eber reagent, determination of hydrogen sulfide, pH and reaction with Nesler reagent.
When muscle is damaged by mycotoxin, the products protein breakdown appears, which promotes rapid breakdown of tissue elements and leads to rapid deterioration of fish. Analyzing changes in veterinary-sanitary and physico-chemical parameters of fish affected by mycotoxicosis, we can classify the affected fish in the category of doubtful freshness.
Conclusions and prospects for further research.
During the investigate of grain and grain mix for feeding pond fish it was found that 19 samples were highly toxic and 36.8% were law toxoc.
2. Using the competitive enzyme immunoassay the combined presence of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 and T2-toxin was found in all samples
In 7 samples its content exceeds the maximum permissible concentrations. T2-toxin was found was found in 16 samples, and in 10 samples its content exceeds the maximum permissible concentrations.
Fish affected by mycotoxins for organoleptic and physico-chemical characteristics can be classified to the category of doubtful freshness.
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Халак, Віктор. "SIGNS OF PRODUCTIVITY OF YOUNG PIGS OF LARGE WHITE BREED AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH UREA CONTENT AND ACTIVITY OF SOME BLOOD SERUM ENZYMES." Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Livestock, no. 2 (45) (May 31, 2021): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2021.2.6.
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The results of studies of fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of large white breed, some biochemical parameters of blood serum (urea content, aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT) activity, alanine aminotransferase (AlAT) activity are presented), as well as the economic efficiency of research results is calculated. The study was conducted in LLC "Druzhba-Kaznacheyivka"of Dnipropetrovsk region, in the Research center of biosafety and ecological control of agricultural resources of Dnipropetrovsk state agrarian and economic university, meat processing plant «Jazz» and Laborator Livestock y of the State institution Institute of grain crops of NAAS of Ukraine. The work was performed according to the research program of NAAS of Ukraine №30 "Innovative technologies of breeding, industrial and organic production of pig products" ("Pig breeding"), state registration number 0116U001247. The object of the study was young pigs of large white breed. Evaluation of animals for fattening and meat qualities was carried out taking into account the following indicators: average daily live weight gain during the control period of fattening, g, age of live weight 100 kg, days, fat thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, mm, length of chilled carcass , cm, the length of the bacon half of the cooled half-carcass, cm (M.D. Berezovsky, I.V. Kha’tko, 2005). A comprehensive assessment of young pigs for fattening and meat qualities was calculated according to the B. Tailer index (P.A. Vashchenko, 2019), biometric indicators - according to the methods of G.F. Lakin (1990). Economic efficiency of research results was calculated according to the generally accepted technique (Methodology for determining the economic ..., 1983). It was found that the urea content, activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT) and alanine aminotransferase (AlAT) in the serum of young pigs of the experimental group corresponds to the physiological norm of clinically healthy animals and amount to 4.77±0.576 mol/l, 68.11±6.445 units/l, and 4.22±3.209 units/l, respectively. According to the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg (days), the thickness of the fat at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae (mm) and the length of the chilled carcass (cm) of the specified production group and breed correspond to class I and class "elite". The maximum values of "average daily gain of live weight during the period of control fattening, kg", "length of chilled carcass, cm", "length of bacon half of chilled carcass, cm" and minimum values of "age of live weight 100 kg, days" and "fat thickness per levels of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, mm "are characterized by animals in which the complex index of fattening and meat qualities (B. Tailer's index) ranges from 157.68 to 182.36 points. The number of reliable relationships between the biochemical parameters of blood serum, fattening and meat qualities of young white pigs is 26.67 %. The cost of additional products obtained from young pigs with B. Tailer index of 157.68 – 182.36 points is equal to +1732.04 UAH/head.
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Pashteckiy, Vladimir, Denis Zubochenko, and Pavel Ostapchuk. "Features of the accumulation of iodine in the muscles of rabbits against the background of the use of antioxidants in liposomal form." Agrarian Bulletin of the 196, no. 5 (May 27, 2020): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2020-196-5-51-58.
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Abstract. The problem of iodine saturation of livestock products for residents of most regions of our country requires a detailed study. One of the factors is the obtaining of livestock products enriched with organic iodine. The study of the degree of accumulation of iodine in the muscle tissue of rabbits at the background of the use of liposomal form of antioxidants enriched with organic iodine (LFA) was the main purpose of the research. Methods. An experiment on rabbits of the California breed were used. The first control group received the main diet (MD) in the form of a granular mixture. The experimental second group was given LFA based on White sea laminarias at the rate of 250 g per ton of feed mixture of MD. The third experimental group was injected with MD the LFA with Black sea Cystoseira. The formation of meat indicators, chemical analysis of muscle tissue, the level of accumulation of trace elements, including iodine in muscle tissue was studied indicators. Results. Based on the somatometric method of evaluating rabbits, it was found that the young animals of the experimental groups form a more eirisomus-type body (from 60 to 70 % of the total population). All indicators of the interactions of somatic parameters in the young groups II and III positive and highly significant correlation, and the correlation index of the density of the body correlated positively with body length (r = +0,67, p ≤ 0.01), chest girth (r = +0,86, p ≤ 0.001), length of loin (r = +0,61, p ≤ 0,01), the length of the backside (r = +0.71, p ≤ 0.001) and head measurement (r = +0,57, p ≤ 0.05). An improvement of the indicators of slaughter of experimental groups of young animals was stated. The slaughter weight increases by 12.2 %, and the mass of internal organs responsible for digestion by 4.5–43.8 %. A percentage of increase in muscle tissue during boning by 10.0–15.9 % and a decrease in the proportion of low-value parts in the carcass-bone tissue by 8.6–9.9 % was stated. Iodine in the average sample of muscle tissue of the experimental groups increases by 91.8 mcg (p ≤ 0.05) in animals of the second group and by 113.3 mcg (p ≤ 0.05) of the third group.
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Grigoreva, A. I., M. F. Grigorev, D. I. Stepanova, and S. I. Stepanova. "Influence of complex feed additives on the meat productivity of young cattle in the conditions of Yakutia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 845, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/845/1/012030.
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Abstract The paper presents the results of fattening young cattle in the conditions of Yakutia with the use of complex feed additives from local natural raw materials in their diets. One of the ways to increase the meat productivity of livestock is to optimize feeding by inserting complex feed additives into their diets. Therefore, studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of complex feed additives in the fattening of young cattle in the conditions of Yakutia. At the beginning of the experiment, the live weight of the animals in the groups did not differ much, but starting from the age of 12 months, the superiority of the animals from the experimental groups is noted. In the period of 12-15 months of age, the animals from the experimental groups exceeded the growth rate of the control group by 6.70% and 4.76%. In the period of 15-18 months old, the animals of the control group were inferior to the experimental groups by 28.31% and 16.54%. On average, the animals of the experimental groups grew more intensively in comparison with the control group by 12.73% and 8.66 %. Analysis of animal slaughter data showed that the experimental groups were superior to the control group in a number of indicators, such as the mass of the steam carcass by 8.04% and 4.43 %, the mass of visceral fat by 18.59% and 7.39%. The organoleptic evaluation of meat products also confirmed the superiority of the experimental groups over the control group. Thus, the use of complex feed additives in the feeding of young cattle on fattening showed its effectiveness.
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de Lacerda, Viviane V., Gabriel S. Campos, Daniel D. Silveira, Vanerlei M. Roso, Mario L. Santana, Fabio R. P. Souza, and Arione A. Boligon. "Genetic associations between mature size and condition score of Nelore cows, and weight, subjective scores and carcass traits as yearlings." Animal Production Science 59, no. 7 (2019): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17873.
Full textAbstract:
The size and body condition of female livestock is critical for improving production efficiency. However, we know little about how height and body condition score in mature beef cattle are genetically related to traits observed when the animals are younger. In the present study, we used data from 321650 Nelore cattle, first, to compare genetic parameters and breeding values on the basis of different models employing weight (MW), height (MH) and body condition score (BCS) of mature cows (3–17 years old). Next, we estimated the genetic correlations between the three traits and assorted yearling traits (YW, weight; YC; conformation score; YP, precocity score; YM, muscling score; YN, navel score; LMA, longissimus muscle area; BF, back fat thickness). Finally, we obtained the expected direct responses to selection for MW, MH and BCS of cows and correlated responses for these traits when the selection was applied to yearling traits. For MW and MH, single-trait Bayesian analyses were used to evaluate the effects of including BCS when defining contemporary groups (BCS included, CG1; BCS not included, CG2). For BCS trait, linear and threshold animal models were compared. After, bi-trait analyses that included MW, MH or BCS with yearling traits were performed. The CG1 scenario resulted in a higher heritability for MW (0.45 ± 0.02) than did CG2 (0.39 ± 0.02). Both scenarios yielded the same heritability estimates for MH (0.35 ± 0.02). Sires’ rank correlations between predicted breeding values under CG1 and CG2 were 0.60–0.92 for MW and 0.90–0.98 for MH, considering different selection intensities. Thus, only for MW genetic evaluations, the incorporation of BCS in the definition of the contemporary groups is indicated. For BCS trait, the same sires were selected regardless of the model (linear or threshold). Genetic correlations between MW and five yearling traits (YW, YC, YP, YM and YN) ranged from 0.18 ± 0.03 to 0.84 ± 0.01. The MH had a higher and positive genetic association with YW (0.64 ± 0.02) and YC (0.54 ± 0.03), than with YN (0.18 ± 0.03). However, MH was negatively and lowly genetically correlated with YP (–0.08 ± 0.03) and YM (–0.14 ± 0.03). The BCS had positive genetic associations with all yearling traits, particularly with YP (0.61 ± 0.06) and YM (0.60 ± 0.07). Mature size and carcass traits exhibited a low to moderate negative genetic correlations. However, BCS had positive genetic associations with LMA (0.38 ± 0.12) and BF (0.32 ± 0.14). Despite a shorter generation interval, selection at the yearling stage will result in a slower genetic progress per generation than does direct selection for cow MW, MH or BCS. Moreover, using YW and YC as selection criteria will increase cattle size at maturity without altering BCS. Last, LMA or BF-based selection will reduce mature size, while improving BCS, as a correlated response.