Relevant bibliographies by topics / Liver Effect of drugs on

Academic literature on the topic 'Liver Effect of drugs on'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Liver Effect of drugs on"

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Adedoyin, Adedayo, and Robert A. Branch. "The effect of liver disease on drugs." Current Opinion in Critical Care 3, no. 4 (August 1997): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00075198-199708000-00002.

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Hussein, Raghda R. S., Rasha H. Soliman, Ahmed M. Abdelhaleem Ali, Mona H. Tawfeik, and Mohamed E. A. Abdelrahim. "Effect of antiepileptic drugs on liver enzymes." Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 2, no. 1 (March 2013): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjbas.2013.09.002.

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Soedarsono, Soedarsono, and Agustinus Rizki Wirawan Riadi. "Tuberculosis Drug-Induced Liver Injury." Jurnal Respirasi 6, no. 2 (May 30, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jr.v6-i.2.2020.49-54.

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Effective tuberculosis (TB) treatment requires a combination of bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic TB drugs. The combination of these regimens is the standard therapy recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). The standard therapy consists of 5 first-line anti-TB drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and streptomycin). TB drugs have mild to severe side effects. Side effects that arise not only cause mortality and morbidity but also cause the cessation of treatment with the effect of not achieving cure, even arising drug resistance. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a form of side effect that causes the cessation of TB treatment or regimen changes due to treatment failure, relapse, and drug resistance. DILI increases the problem, covering more than 7% of all side effects. DILI is also one of the concerns in the treatment of TB.
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Gastaldelli, Amalia, Norbert Stefan, and Hans-Ulrich Häring. "Liver-targeting drugs and their effect on blood glucose and hepatic lipids." Diabetologia 64, no. 7 (April 20, 2021): 1461–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-021-05442-2.

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AbstractThe global epidemic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH) and the high prevalence among individuals with type 2 diabetes has attracted the attention of clinicians specialising in liver disorders. Many drugs are in the pipeline for the treatment of NAFLD/NASH, and several glucose-lowering drugs are now being tested specifically for the treatment of liver disease. Among these are nuclear hormone receptor agonists (e.g. peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, farnesoid X receptor agonists and liver X receptor agonists), fibroblast growth factor-19 and -21, single, dual or triple incretins, sodium–glucose cotransporter inhibitors, drugs that modulate lipid or other metabolic pathways (e.g. inhibitors of fatty acid synthase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1) or drugs that target the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier. We have reviewed the metabolic effects of these drugs in relation to improvement of diabetic hyperglycaemia and fatty liver disease, as well as peripheral metabolism and insulin resistance. Graphical abstract
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Chandrasekaran A R, Ravichandran S, Bhavani J, Satheesh Kumar D, Saraladevi V, and Irfana Asma S. "Effect of Herbal Capsules on the Hepatic Enzymes in Comparison to its Crude Extract." International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (August 14, 2020): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/irjpas.v9i3.1254.

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Liver, unlike any organ, is the largest solid organ in the body that helps for the metabolism of the drugs and food materials that contained toxins and other substances are metabolized and detoxified in the liver only. The enzymes are present in the liver are cytochrome P450, and other enzymes like SGOT and SGPT are used as evaluation parameters in the liver diseases. Apart from the food, many drugs cause liver damage by causing cellular damage to the liver. The liver enzymes permanently or temporarily imbalanced with the daily consumption of toxic drugs. If this damage is permanent, then the liver regeneration is not possible, and the body loses its capacity to metabolize the drugs and food. Herb and medicinal plants are used to treat liver disorders and help hepatic regeneration. They are found to be effective and safer compared to synthetic drugs. There are a lot of the chemical leads that were isolated from the herbs that are used to treat liver disorders. These leads were also patented for the formulations that are prepared from the extracts that were achieved from the herbs. In conclusion, the extracts of the plant Leptadenia reticulate and piper were incorporated into the herbal capsules. They were investigated for the activity in comparison to the standard drug and the extracts at the dose of 250mg/kg.
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Kim, Kyung-Soo, and Byung-Wan Lee. "Beneficial effect of anti-diabetic drugs for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease." Clinical and Molecular Hepatology 26, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 430–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2020.0137.

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder and is associated with various metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are no approved drugs for NAFLD, and the only approved treatment option is weight reduction. As insulin resistance plays an important role in the development of NAFLD, many anti-diabetic drugs have been evaluated for the treatment of NAFLD. Improvement of liver enzymes has been demonstrated by many anti-diabetic drugs, but histological assessment still remains insufficient. Pioglitazone could become the first-line therapy for T2DM patients with NAFLD, based on evidence of histological improvement in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Liraglutide, another promising alternative, is not yet recommended in patients with NAFLD/NASH due to limited evidence. Therefore, well-designed randomized controlled trials should be performed in the near future to demonstrate if and how anti-diabetic drugs can play a role in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Kumar, Vinay, Ankur Sharma, Lalit Machawal, K. Nagarajan, and Shadab A. Siddiqui. "Effect of Centella asiatica against anti-tuberculosis drugs-induced hepatotoxicity: Involvement of mitochondria and oxidative stress." Journal of Phytopharmacology 3, no. 5 (October 25, 2014): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2014.3502.

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The liver is an integral organ in the body and plays a vital role for the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous agents. Drug-induced liver toxicity is one of most common cause of liver injury. It accounts for approximately one-half of the cases of acute liver failure and mimics all forms of acute and chronic liver disease. Hepatotoxicity is associated with the first line antituberculosis drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin. Therefore, there is need of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of hepatotoxicity. The present study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of the Centella asiatica extract on anti-TB drugs-induced hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity was induced by administration of anti-TB drugs (isoniazid and rifampicin). Hepatotoxicity was assessed by significant elevation in oxidative stress, mitochondrial complex alterations and elevated levels of liver marker enzymes. Treatment with Centella asiatica (20, 40 mg/kg p.o.) attenuated the anti-TB drugs induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial complex alterations and elevated levels of liver marker enzymes (viz. SGOT, SGPT, ALP). Histopathological studies also show the promising effect. Therefore, the present study shows the hepatotoprotective effect of Centella asiatica. Therefore, Centella asiatica could be a new pharmacological intervention in the treatment of hepatotoxicity.
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Renovaldi, Dede, and Abdul Khalik Adam. "Potential of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum) as a Hepatoprotector Agent for Liver Injury Related to Drugs." Muhammadiyah Medical Journal 1, no. 2 (November 16, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/mmj.1.2.63-68.

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The use of drugs is one of the most common causes of liver injury, because the liver is the main organ that metabolizes drugs. Little is currently done if there is a liver injury due to the hepatotoxic side effects of a drug. Herbal plants have active natural compounds that have pharmacological effects so they are widely used as alternative treatments. Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is one of the most cultivated plants in Asia. Studies on the use of Ocimum basilicum in medicine have been carried out, one of which is the hepatoprotector effect. Studies indicate that Ocimum basilicum is rich in high antioxidant content (flavonoids, saponins, tannins, sterols, triterpenes, and rosmaniric acid) capable of providing hepatoprotector effects by helping the regeneration process of hepatocyte cells that are damaged by hepatotoxic agents and significantly decreasing liver damage biomarkers. The purpose of this review is to explain the potential of Ocimum basilicum as a hepatoprotective agent for liver injury associated with drugs. The conclusion of this review is Ocimum basilicum has high potential in its utilization as a hepatoprotector against liver injury mainly related to the consumption of drugs that have hepatotoxic effects.
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Renovaldi, Dede, and Abdul Khalik Adam. "Potential of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum) as a Hepatoprotector Agent for Liver Injury Related to Drugs." Muhammadiyah Medical Journal 1, no. 2 (November 16, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/mmj.1.2.21-26.

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The use of drugs is one of the most common causes of liver injury, because the liver is the main organ that metabolizes drugs. Little is currently done if there is a liver injury due to the hepatotoxic side effects of a drug. Herbal plants have active natural compounds that have pharmacological effects so they are widely used as alternative treatments. Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is one of the most cultivated plants in Asia. Studies on the use of Ocimum basilicum in medicine have been carried out, one of which is the hepatoprotector effect. Studies indicate that Ocimum basilicum is rich in high antioxidant content (flavonoids, saponins, tannins, sterols, triterpenes, and rosmaniric acid) capable of providing hepatoprotector effects by helping the regeneration process of hepatocyte cells that are damaged by hepatotoxic agents and significantly decreasing liver damage biomarkers. The purpose of this review is to explain the potential of Ocimum basilicum as a hepatoprotective agent for liver injury associated with drugs. The conclusion of this review is Ocimum basilicum has high potential in its utilization as a hepatoprotector against liver injury mainly related to the consumption of drugs that have hepatotoxic effects.
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Werner, Maureen J. M., Jelle Adelmeijer, Vincent E. de Meijer, Ruben H. J. de Kleine, René Scheenstra, Sander T. H. Bontemps, Koen M. E. M. Reyntjens, Jan B. F. Hulscher, Robert J. Porte, and Ton Lisman. "In Vitro Evaluation of Pro- and Anticoagulant Drugs in Children with End-Stage Liver Disease Undergoing Liver Transplantation." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 120, no. 09 (July 6, 2020): 1240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713752.

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Abstract Background Pro- and anticoagulant drugs are commonly used in pediatric liver transplantation to prevent and treat thrombotic and bleeding complications. However, the combination of baseline hemostatic changes in children with liver disease and additional changes induced by transplantation makes this very challenging. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of clinically available pro- and anticoagulant drugs in plasma from children undergoing liver transplantation. Methods In vitro effects of pro- and anticoagulant drugs on thrombin generation capacity were tested in plasma samples of 20 children (≤ 16 years) with end-stage liver disease undergoing liver transplantation, and compared with 30 age-matched healthy controls. Results Addition of pooled normal plasma had no effect in patients or controls, while 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate increased thrombin generation in both patients and controls, with enhanced activity in patients. At start of transplantation, dabigatran and unfractionated heparin had a higher anticoagulant potency in patients, whereas 30 days after transplantation low molecular weight heparin was slightly less effective in patients. Effects of rivaroxaban were comparable between patients and controls. Conclusion This study revealed important differences in efficacy of commonly used pro- and anticoagulant drugs in children with end-stage liver disease undergoing liver transplantation. Therefore, dose adjustments of these drugs may be required. The results of this study may be helpful in the development of urgently needed protocols for strategies to prevent and treat bleeding and thrombotic complications in pediatric liver transplantation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Liver Effect of drugs on"

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Mutni, A. N. "Effects on anti-hyperlipidaemic drugs on the liver." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382585.

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Silberstein, D. J. "The effect of renal failure on the elimination of drugs by the liver." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379649.

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Teng, Shuzhi, and 滕曙智. "Hepatocellular injury induced by endotoxin and galactosamine." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31241037.

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Abumansour, Hamza M. A. "Quantitative pharmacoproteomics investigation of anti-cancer drugs in mouse : development and optimisation of proteomics workflows for evaluating the effect of anti-cancer drugs on mouse liver." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15724.

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Minimizing anti-cancer drug toxicity is a major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. Toxicity is most frequently due to either the direct interaction of the drug on previously unidentified targets or its conversion to metabolites by drug metabolizing enzymes (e.g. CYP450 enzymes) that cause cellular, tissue or organ damage. Pharmacoproteomics is beginning to take a central role in studying changes in protein expression corresponding to drug administration, the results of which, inform about the mode of action, toxicity, and resistance in pre-clinical and clinical stages of drug development. The main aim of this research is to apply comparative proteomics studies on livers from male and female mice xenograft models treated with major anti-cancer drugs (5-flourouracil, paclitaxel, cisplatin, and doxorubicin) and CYP inducer, TCPOBOP, to investigate their effect on protein expression profiles (proteome). Within this thesis, an attention is paid to optimise a highly validated proteomics workflow for biomarker identification. Proteins were extracted from liver microsomes of mice treated in two separate sets; Set A – male (5-fluoruracil, doxorubicin, cisplatin and untreated) or Set B – female (5-fluoruracil, paclitaxel, TCPOBOP and untreated) using cryo-pulverization and sonication method. The extracts were digested with trypsin ii and the resulting peptides labelled with 4-plex iTRAQ reagents. The labelled peptides were subjected for separation in two-dimensions by iso-electric focusing (IEF) and RP-HPLC techniques before analysis by mass spectrometry and database searching for protein identification. Set A and Set B resulted in identification and quantification of 1146 and 1743 proteins, respectively. Moreover, Set A and Set B recovered 26 and 34 cytochrome P450 isoforms, respectively. The microsomal changes after drug treatments were quite similar. However, more changes were observed in the male set. Up-regulation of MUPs showed the greatest distinction in the protein expression patterns in the treated samples comparing to the untreated controls. In Set A, 5-fluoruracil and cisplatin increased the expression of three isoforms (MUP1, 2, and 6), whereas doxorubicin has increased the expression of four isoforms (MUP1, 2, 3, and 6). On the other side, only TCPOBOP in Set B has increased the expression of two isoforms (MUP1 and 6). Our findings showed that the expression of MUP, normally involved in binding and excretion of pheromones, have drug- and sex-specific differences. The mechanism and significance of MUP up-regulation are ambiguous. Therefore, the impact of each therapeutic agent on MUP and xenobiotic enzymes will be discussed.
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Kassahun, Kelem. "Mechanistic studies of valproic acid hepatotoxicity : identification and characterization of thiol conjugates." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30831.

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The severe hepatotoxicity of the antiepileptic drug valproic acid (VPA) is believed to be mediated through chemically reactive metabolites. The monounsaturated metabolite 4-ene VPA is steatogenic in the rat, and in a similar fashion to the hepatotoxin 4-pentenoic acid, is thought to be oxidized by mitochondria to a highly reactive α,β-unsaturated ketone, 3-keto-4-ene VPA. The tripeptide thiol, glutathione (GSH), is known to react with a variety of electrophilic compounds that have the potential to interact with cellular macromolecules. The identification and structural characterization of GSH conjugates provides a means of identifying short-lived unstable electrophiles and thus an insight into the mechanisms of toxicity. This thesis describes the synthesis and characterization of thiol conjugates of reactive metabolites derived from the in vivo metabolism of VPA, 4-ene VPA, (E)-2,4-diene VPA, and 4-pentenoic acid. A negative ion chemical ionization gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (NICI/GC/MS) method for the determination of VPA and 14 of its metabolites in a single chromatographic run was developed. A combination of pentafluorobenzyl and trimethylsilyl derivatization resulted in the [M-181]̄̄̄ ̄anion as the base peak for all the metabolites measured. When these ions were monitored sensitivities in the low picogram range were achieved. The VPA metabolite profile was determined in pediatric patients on VPA monotherapy and on combined therapy with either carbamazepine or clobazam. 4-Ene- and (E)-2,4-diene-VPA were found to be minor metabolites with serum levels below 1% that of VPA. In patients on combined therapy with carbamazepine, the ω and ω-l pathways of VPA metabolism were induced, while products of β-oxidation were significantly decreased. Polytherapy had no significant effect on the serum levels of 4-ene- or (E)-2,4-diene-VPA. Rats were dosed intraperitoneally with 100 mg/kg of the sodium salts of VPA, 4-ene-, (E)-2,4-diene-VPA, 4-pentenoic or (E)-2,4-pentadienoic acids. Methylated bile extracts were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for GSH conjugates while urine samples were analyzed by GC/MS and LC/MS for N-acetylcysteine (NAC) conjugates and other metabolites. The GSH conjugate of (E)-2,4-diene VPA was detected in the bile of rats treated with 4-ene- and (E)-2,4-diene-VPA. The NAC conjugate was a major urinary metabolite of rats given (E)-2,4-diene VPA and was a prominent urinary metabolite of those animals given 4-ene VPA. The structures of these metabolites were confirmed by comparing GC/MS or LC/MS properties of the isolated metabolites to those of synthetic standards. The GSH and NAC conjugates of (E)-2,4-diene VPA were chemically synthesized and their structures established to be (E)-5-(glutathion-S-yl)-3-ene VPA and (E)-5-(N-acetylcystein-S-yl)-3-ene VPA by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. In contrast to the very slow reaction of the free acid of (E)-2,4-diene VPA with GSH, the methyl ester reacted rapidly with GSH to yield the adduct. In vivo it appears the diene forms an intermediate with enhanced electrophilic reactivity to GSH as indicated by the facile reaction of the diene with GSH in vivo (about 40% of the (E)-2,4-diene VPA administered to rats was excreted as the NAC conjugate in 24 hr). In rats treated with 4-pentenoic and/or (E)-2,4-pentadienoic acids the following conjugates were identified and characterized by synthesis: GSH and cysteine conjugates of 3-oxo-4-pentenoic acid, GSH and NAC conjugates of (E)-2,4-pentadienoic acid, and the NAC conjugate of acrylic acid. The results thus provided the first direct biochemical evidence for the in vivo formation of the metabolite of 4-pentenoic acid considered responsible for the irreversible inhibition of fatty acid metabolism. The results also revealed basic differences between the mitochondrial metabolism of 4-ene VPA and 4-pentenoic acid. The 3-keto-4-ene VPA and its GSH and NAC conjugates were synthesized in order to facilitate the in vivo identification of these compounds following the administration of VPA, 4-ene-, or (E)-2,4-diene-VPA to rats. However, neither the 3-keto-4-ene VPA nor its thiol derivatives were evident in any of the treatments. The NAC conjugate of (E)-2,4-diene VPA was also found to be a metabolite of VPA in patients. The level of the conjugate appeared to be higher in two patients who recovered from VPA-induced liver toxicity. The characterization of GSH and NAC (in humans and rats) conjugates of (E)-2,4-diene VPA suggests that VPA is metabolized to a chemically reactive intermediate that may contribute to the hepatotoxicity of the drug.
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of
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Rodgers, Amie D. Rusyn Ivan. "Modeling adverse liver effects of drugs using kNN QSAR method." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2463.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 3, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Sciences in the School of Medicine Toxicology." Discipline: Toxicology; Department/School: Medicine.
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Stevens, Jeffrey Charles 1963. "Selective inactivation of four rat liver microsomal androstenedione hydroxylases by chloramphenicol analogs." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276700.

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The steroid androstenedione has been shown to be a valuable tool for the study of selective inactivation of rat liver cytochrome P-450 isozymes. The validity of this method was investigated using microsomes, purified cytochromes P-450, cytochrome P-450 antibodies, and the mechanism-based inactivator chloramphenicol. Enzyme inactivation and antibody inhibition studies show that microsomes from phenobarbital- and non-phenobarbital-treated rats are needed to accurately monitor the inactivation of the major phenobarbital-inducible P-450 isozyme (PB-B) and of the major constitutive androstenedione 16-alpha hydroxylase (UT-A). Enzyme inactivation studies showed that the antibiotic chloramphenicol caused different rates of NADPH-dependent enzyme inactivation among four androstenedione hydroxylases (16-beta > 6-beta > 16-alpha > 7-alpha). The results with twelve chloramphenicol analogs show that their selectivity as cytochrome P-450 inactivators is dependent upon at least three structural features: (1) the number of halogen atoms, (2) the presence of a para-nitro group on the phenyl ring, and (3) substitutions on the ethyl side chain.
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Abdelhadi, Mohamed Mohamed. "Posttransplantation bone disease : the effect of immunosuppressive drugs on bone: clinical and experimental studies /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-384-8/.

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Siebert, Gerhard A. "Disposition pharmacokinetics and effects of solutes and drugs in perfused organ systems /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18644.pdf.

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Nicholls-Grzemski, Felicity April. "The effect of short-term pretreatment with peroxisome proliferators on the acute toxicity of various toxicants, including paracetamol /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn6158.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Liver Effect of drugs on"

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Neil, Kaplowitz, and DeLeve Laurie D. 1955-, eds. Drug-induced liver disease. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2003.

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Kenʼichi, Kitani, ed. Liver and aging, 1986: Liver and brain : proceedings of the Third Symposium on Liver and Aging--Liver and Brain, held in Tokyo, Japan on August 20-22, 1986. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1986.

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Convegno medico di informazione epatologica (4th 1986 Cormons, Italy). Fegato e farmaci: Atti del IV Convegno annuale di informazione epatologica, Cormons, 28 giugno 1986. [Padova]: Istituto di medicina interna dell'Università di Padova, Cattedra di patologia medica I, 1986.

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International, Symposium on Hepatology and Clinical Pharmacology "Liver and Drugs" (1st 1994 Bratislava Slovakia). Liver and drugs '94: Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Hepatology and Clinical Pharmacology "Liver and Drugs", Bratislava, Slovakia, November 24-26, 1994. Bratislava, Slovak Republic: Liver and Drug Foundation, 1995.

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P, Spoelstra, ed. Drug-induced hepatic injury: A comprehensive survey of the literature on adverse drug reactions up to January 1985. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1985.

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Drug-induced hepatic injury. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1992.

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D, T͡Syrenzhapova O., Shantanova L. N, and Nikolaev S. M, eds. Optimizat͡sii͡a adaptivnykh prot͡sessov organizma. Moskva: "Nauka", 1990.

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Farrell, Geoffrey C. Drug-induced liver disease. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1994.

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Kenʼichi, Kitani, ed. Liver and aging, 1990: Proceedings of the Fourth Tokyo Symposium on Liver and Aging, held in Tokyo, Japan, on August 15-17, 1990. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1991.

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Centre québécois de lutte aux dépendances, ed. Drogues: Savoir plus, risquer moins : le livre d'information. 7th ed. Montréal, Québec, Canada: Centre québécois de lutte aux dépendances, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Liver Effect of drugs on"

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Van Bezooijen, C. F. A., G. J. M. J. Horbach, and C. F. Hollander. "The Effect of Age on Rat Liver Drug Metabolism." In Drugs and Aging, 45–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70788-9_4.

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Lindner, J., R. Eurich, K. Grasedyck, P. Schmiegelow, and A. Nüssgen. "Age-Dependent Differences of the Therapeutic Effect on Experimental Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis (Morphology and Biochemistry)." In Drugs and Aging, 80–103. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70788-9_7.

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Lirussi, F., and L. Okolicsanyi. "The Effect of Drugs on Liver Function and Biliary Secretion." In Biochemical Pharmacology as an Approach to Gastrointestinal Disorders, 239–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5390-4_19.

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Jim, Lucia K., and Joseph Poy Gee. "Adverse Effects of Drugs on the Liver." In Applied Therapeutics, 427–42. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13175-4_22.

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Lebrec, Didier, and Samuel S. Lee. "Effects of Vasoactive Drugs on the Systemic and Splanchnic Circulation." In Cardiovascular Complications of Liver Disease, 317–35. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315138817-17.

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Rossaro, L., S. R. Dowd, V. Simplaceanu, R. Naccarato, D. H. Van Thiel, and C. Ho. "Effect of FK 506 and Cyclosporins on Model Membranes Studied by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy." In Drugs and the Liver: High Risk Patients and Transplantation, 177–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1994-8_29.

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Sato, Chifumi, and Fumiaki Marumo. "Paracetamol (acetaminophen) bioactivation by liver microsomes — its role in hepatotoxicity." In Side-Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs 3, 188–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2982-4_23.

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Levy, Micha, and Zvi Ackerman. "Liver toxicity of antipyretic drugs in conjunction with measles infections." In Side-Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs 3, 18–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2982-4_3.

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Brune, K., and J. Lindner. "Increased liver toxicity of diclofenac by paracetamol: results and possible mechanisms." In Side-Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs 3, 198–203. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2982-4_24.

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Gressner, A. M. "Developmental and Age-Dependent Changes of Proteoglycan Metabolism in Normal and Experimentally Injured Liver and the Effects of Drugs." In Drugs and Aging, 104–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70788-9_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Liver Effect of drugs on"

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Помыткина, Татьяна Евгеньевна, Анастасия Андреевна Холзенева, and Екатерина Владимировна Копытова. "TREATMENT OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS IN OUTPATIENT CONDITIONS." In Psychology, Sports science and Medicine (Психология. Спорт. Здравоохранение): сборник статей международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Октябрь 2022). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/221030.2022.81.26.005.

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В статье исследуется применение максимальных доз препаратов, после отсутствия эффекта от минимальных и средних дозировок лекарственных препаратов у пациента с идиопатическим циррозом печени. The article examines the use of maximum doses of drugs, after the absence of the effect of minimum and average dosages of drugs in a patient with idiopathic cirrhosis of the liver.
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Ma, Liang, Jeremy Barker, Changchun Zhou, Biaoyang Lin, and Wei Li. "A Perfused Two-Chamber System for Anticancer Drug Screening." In ASME 2010 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2010-34326.

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A cell culture microfluidic device has been developed to test the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs while reproducing multi-organ interactions in vitro. Cells were cultured in separate chambers representing the liver and tumor. The two chambers were connected through a channel to mimick the blood flow. Glioblastoma (GBM) cancer cells (M059K) and hepatoma cells (HepG2) were cultured in the tumor and the liver chambers, respectively. The cytotoxic effect of cancer treatment drug Temolozomide (TMZ) was tested using this two chamber system. The experimental results showed that with the liver cells, the cancer cells showed much higher viability than those without the liver cells. This indicates that the liver metabolism has strong effect on the toxicity of the anticancer drug. The results demonstrated that the perfused two chamber cell culture system has the potential to be used as a platform for drug screening in a more physiologically realistic environment.
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Gabrielli, Ângelo, Camila Sousa Bragunce Alves, Bruna Oliveira Bicalho, and Débora Pimenta Alves. "Benefits and Challenges of Cannabis Use in the Treatment of Refractory Epilepsy." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.239.

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Introduction: Refractory epilepsy (RE) is a disease that causes continuous and debilitating seizures. Due to the ineffectiveness of antiepileptic therapies, there is a growing interest in drugs made with cannabidiol (CBD), a substance extracted from Cannabis. Objective: To point out benefits and challenges of the use of CBD in the treatment of RE. Methods: Literature review performed at PubMed, with the descriptors Epilepsy, Drug Therapy and Cannabis. Results: It is suggested that CBD is mediated by cannabinoid receptors coupled to protein G, by blockade of NMDA receptors, by GABAergic modulation, glutamatergic synapses and / or mechanisms involving noncannabinoid receptors. CBD can also oppose the actions of exogenous and endogenous cannabinoid agonists, due to the negative allosteric modulation. The benefits of CBD are: great therapeutic diversity, safety and tolerability, rare and mild side effects, low risk of drug interactions, and milder cognitive effects, when compared to other antiepileptic drugs. Despite the benefits, CBD has adverse effects such as drowsiness, appetite reduction, diarrhea, increased activity of liver enzymes and interaction with substances metabolized by cytochrome P450. Still, the inefficient regulation generates variation in the composition of the marketed drugs, which can lead to Δ9 - tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) intoxication. Conclusions: Thus, it is essential that the scientific community remains open to investigate the effects of CBD, given the advantages of its use for treating RE.
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Yusuf, Muhammad, Muhammad Ikrar Hermanadi, Muhammad Faris Rizqhilmi, Rani Wardani Hakim, Siti Farida, and Erni Hernawati Purwaningsih. "The effect of Centella asiatica ethanolic extract on liver superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels of aged Sprague-Dawley rats." In THE 6TH BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING’S RECENT PROGRESS IN BIOMATERIALS, DRUGS DEVELOPMENT, AND MEDICAL DEVICES: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium of Biomedical Engineering (ISBE) 2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0100472.

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Serša, Gregor. "CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY." In Symposium with International Participation HEART AND … Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/pi2019.181.01.

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Electroporation has several biomedical and industrial applications. The biomedical applications are in the field of drug or gene delivery. Electrochemotherapy utilizes electroporation for the increased delivery of cytotoxic drugs like bleomycin or cisplatin into tumors. The use of electrochemotherapy has spread throughout Europe for the treatment of cutaneous tumors or metastases. It is in the NICE guidelines and is becoming standard ablative technique in treatment of cancer. The technological advancements have also enabled the use of electrochemotherapy for the treatment of deep seated tumors, such as soft tissue or liver tumors. Clinical studies demonstrate good effectiveness on fibrosarcomas, colorectal liver metastases and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, electrochemotherapy is a local treatment that also induces moderate local immune response. This so called “in situ vaccination” induced by electrochemotherapy can be exploited in combined treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors or electrogene therapy with immunostimulating effect. Therefore, gene electrotransfer of plasmid coding for interleukin 12 (IL-12), in combination with electrochemotherapy could result in transformation of electrochemotherapy from local into systemic treatment. This is also of our current interest, and we are undertaking steps to bring this idea from preclinical into clinical testing.
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Tourlomousis, Filippos, and Robert C. Chang. "Computational Modeling of 3D Printed Tissue-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Devices as Drug Screening Platforms." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38454.

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Physiological tissue-on-a-chip technology is enabled by adapting microfluidics to create micro scale drug screening platforms that replicate the complex drug transport and reaction processes in the human liver. The ability to incorporate three-dimensional (3d) tissue models using layered fabrication approaches into devices that can be perfused with drugs offer an optimal analog of the in vivo scenario. The dynamic nature of such in vitro metabolism models demands reliable numerical tools to determine the optimum tissue fabrication process, flow, material, and geometric parameters for the most effective metabolic conversion of the perfused drug into the liver microenvironment. Thus, in this modeling-based study, the authors focus on modeling of in vitro 3d microfluidic microanalytical microorgan devices (3MD), where the human liver analog is replicated by 3d cell encapsulated alginate hydrogel based tissue-engineered constructs. These biopolymer constructs are hosted in the chamber of the 3MD device serving as walls of the microfluidic array of channels through which a fluorescent drug substrate is perfused into the microfluidic printed channel walls at a specified volumetric flow rate assuring Stokes flow conditions (Re<<1). Due to the porous nature of the hydrogel walls, a metabolized drug product is collected as an effluent stream at the outlet port. A rigorous modeling approached aimed to capture both the macro and micro scale transport phenomena is presented. Initially, the Stokes Flow Equations (free flow regime) are solved in combination with the Brinkman Equations (porous flow regime) for the laminar velocity profile and wall shear stresses in the whole shear mediated flow regime. These equations are then coupled with the Convection-Diffusion Equation to yield the drug concentration profile by incorporating a reaction term described by the Michael-Menten Kinetics model. This effectively yields a convection-diffusion–cell kinetics model (steady state and transient), where for the prescribed process and material parameters, the drug concentration profile throughout the flow channels can be predicted. A key consideration that is addressed in this paper is the effect of cell mechanotransduction, where shear stresses imposed on the encapsulated cells alter the functional ability of the liver cell enzymes to metabolize the drug. Different cases are presented, where cells are incorporated into the geometric model either as voids that experience wall shear stress (WSS) around their membrane boundaries or as solid materials, with linear elastic properties. As a last step, transient simulations are implemented showing that there exists a tradeoff with respect the drug metabolized effluent product between the shear stresses required and the residence time needed for drug diffusion.
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Tourlomousis, Filippos, and Robert C. Chang. "2D and 3D Multiscale Computational Modeling of Dynamic Microorgan Devices as Drug Screening Platforms." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52734.

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The ability to incorporate three-dimensional (3D) hepatocyte-laden hydrogel constructs using layered fabrication approaches into devices that can be perfused with drugs enables the creation of dynamic microorgan devices (DMDs) that offer an optimal analog of the in vivo liver metabolism scenario. The dynamic nature of such in vitro metabolism models demands reliable numerical tools to determine the optimum process, material, and geometric parameters for the most effective metabolic conversion of the perfused drug into the liver microenvironment. However, there is a current lack of literature that integrates computational approaches to guide the optimum design of such devices. The groundwork of the present numerical study has been laid by our previous study [1], where the authors modeled in 2D an in vitro DMD of arbitrary dimensions and identified the modeling challenges towards meaningful results. These constructs are hosted in the chamber of the microfluidic device serving as walls of the microfluidic array of channels through which a fluorescent drug substrate is perfused into the microfluidic printed channel walls at a specified volumetric flow rate assuring Stokes flow conditions (Re<<1). Due to the porous nature of the hydrogel walls, a metabolized drug product is collected at the outlet port. A rigorous FEM based modeling approach is presented for a single channel parallel model geometry (1 free flow channel with 2 porous walls), where the hydrodynamics, mass transfer and pharmacokinetics equations are solved numerically in order to yield the drug metabolite concentration profile at the DMD outlet. The fluid induces shear stresses are assessed both in 3D, with only 27 cells modeled as single compartment voids, where all of the enzymatic reactions are assumed to take place. In this way, the mechanotransduction effect that alters the hepatocyte metabolic activity is assessed for a small scale model. This approach overcomes the numerical limitations imposed by the cell density (∼1012 cells/m3) of the large scale DMD device. In addition, a compartmentalization technique is proposed in order to assess the metabolism process at the subcellular level. The numerical results are validated with experiments to reveal the robustness of the proposed modeling approach and the necessity of scaling the numerical results by preserving dynamic and biochemical similarity between the small and large scale model.
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Barnett, Andrew C., Malorie Feidner, and Jason Z. Moore. "Vibration Needle Tissue Cutting With Varying Tip Geometry." In ASME 2015 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2015-9353.

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Needles are one of most commonly used medical devices. They are used to deliver drugs, biopsy tissue, draw blood, conduct brachytherapy cancer treatment and many other procedures. Maintaining a low insertion force of the needle is important to the success of these procedures. Different geometries as well as utilizing vibratory cutting has been shown to reduce the insertion force, thus improving the outcome of the procedure; however, the effects of vibration and geometry of the needle together has yet to be explored. This paper describes the experimental setup utilized to test the effect of geometry on utilizing axial vibration in reducing the insertion force of needles into bovine liver across a range of frequencies and amplitudes. Three conical tipped needles with different grind angles were explored. Experiments showed the addition of the vibration was able to reduce the insertion force by up to 67%. Experiments showed that the insertion force for the bluntest needle was directly dependent on the amplitude of vibration, where the insertion force of the sharpest needle was more dependent on the maximum vibratory insertion speed of the needle.
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Al-Qeraiwi, Maha, Manar Al-Rashid, Nasser Rizk, Abdelrahman El Gamal, and Amena Fadl. "Hepatic Gene Expression Profile of Lipid Metabolism of Obese Mice after treatment with Anti-obesity Drug." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0214.

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Obesity is a global disorder with multifactorial causes. The liver plays a vital role in fat metabolism. Disorder of hepatic fat metabolism is associated with obesity and causes fatty liver. High fat diet intake (HFD) to mice causes the development of dietinduced obesity (DIO). The study aimed to detect the effects of anti-obesity drugs (sulforaphane; SFN and leptin) on hepatic gene expression of fat metabolism in mice that were fed HFD during an early time of DIO. Twenty wild types (WT) CD1 male mice aged ten weeks were fed a high fat diet. The mice were treated with vehicle; Veh (control group), and SFN, then each group is treated with leptin or saline. Four groups of treatment were: control group (vehicle + saline), Group 2 (vehicle + leptin), group 3 (SFN + saline), and group 4 (SFN + leptin). Body weight and food intake were monitored during the treatment period. Following the treatments of leptin 24 hour, fasting blood samples and liver tissue was collected, and Total RNA was extracted then used to assess the gene expression of 84 genes involved in hepatic fat metabolism using RT-PCR profiler array technique. Leptin treatment upregulated fatty acid betaoxidation (Acsbg2, Acsm4) and fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis (Acot6, Acsl6), and downregulated is fatty acid transport (Slc27a2). SFN upregulated acylCoA hydrolase (Acot3) and long chain fatty acid activation for lipids synthesis and beta oxidation (Acsl1). Leptin + SFN upregulated fatty acid beta oxidation (Acad11, Acam) and acyl-CoA hydrolase (Acot3, Acot7), and downregulated fatty acid elongation (Acot2). As a result, treatment of both SFN and leptin has more profound effects on ameliorating pathways involved in hepatic lipogenesis and TG accumulation and lipid profile of TG and TC than other types of intervention. We conclude that early intervention of obesity pa could ameliorate the metabolic changes of fat metabolism in liver as observed in WT mice on HFD in response to anti-obesity treatment.
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Mitra, Debanjan, and Pradeep K. Mohapatra. "Effect of natural compounds to inhibit human respiratory syncytial virus." In 7th GoGreen Summit 2021. Technoarete, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/978-93-92106-02-6.18.

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Current COVID-19 effects are forcing us to think about other deadly viral diseases. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of them. Every year thousands of children lost their lives due to respiratory diseases which are occurred by this RSV. Nowadays, bioactive compounds show an enormous effect on many deadly diseases and show excellent therapeutic effects. In this study, we have identified five bioactive compounds from the plant which will be used in the treatment of RSV. Molecular docking on the protein was done by Autodock. Hydrogen was added and routable bonds were fixed in the preparation time of protein for docking. All those compounds show their non-toxic nature which is evaluated by Lipinski's Rule of Five. Molecular docking on RSV matrix protein and surface glycoprotein with those bioactive compounds shows very promising results. Between all those compounds Baicalein appears as a lead compound. It shows -8.1 Kcal/mol in the case of matrix protein and -7.9 kcal/mol in the case of the surface glycoprotein of RSV. Due to its availability and non-toxic nature, it can be used in the treatment of RSV. AS it is derived from plants, it also has very fewer side effects than chemical drugs.
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Reports on the topic "Liver Effect of drugs on"

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Jin, Dachuan, Gao Peng, Shunqin Jin, Tao Zhou, Baoqiang Guo, and Guangming Li. Comparison of therapeutic effects of anti-diabetic drugs on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients without diabetes: A network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0014.

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Review question / Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of different anti-diabetic drugs in the treatment of non-diabetic non-alcoholic disease by network meta-analysis, and find the best intervention. Condition being studied: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the disease in which the liver fat content exceeds 5%, and excludes the secondary causes of alcohol, infection, drugs or other specific metabolic diseases. As a spectrum of disorders, it includes hepatocyte steatosis and steatohepatitis at the initial stage, liver fibrosis at the later stage, cirrhosis at the final stage, and even liver cancer. Nowadays Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in the world with an incidence rate as high as 25% which has been rising steadily worldwide in the past 30 years. Currently there are still no approved specific therapeutic agents and global treatment guidelines for NAFLD. For non-diabetic NAFLD, there is far from a consensus, too.
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Prachumsri, Jetsumon. Proteomic Study of Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Vivax Liver Stages for Development of Vaccines and Drugs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada494445.

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Lichtenberg, Frank. The Effect of New Drugs on Mortality from Rare Diseases and HIV. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8677.

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Wang, Xiangli, Liuqiao Zhang, and Mengjie Ma. Effect of auricular point pressing therapy on liver cancer A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.7.0001.

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Schreiber, Martin A., John B. Holcomb, Susan I. Brundage, Joe M. Macaitis, and David J. Tweardy. The Effect of Recombinant Factor VIIa and Fibrinogen on Bleeding from Grade V Liver Injuries in Coagulopathic Swine. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408711.

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Brundage, Susan I., and Martin A. Schreiber. The Effect of Recombinant Factor VIIa and Fibrinogen on Bleeding from Grade V Liver Injuries in Coagulopathic Swine. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada419372.

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Crosland, Richard D. Effect of Drugs on the Lethality in Mice of the Venoms and Neurotoxins from Sundry Snakes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada228245.

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Kanner, Joseph, Dennis Miller, Ido Bartov, John Kinsella, and Stella Harel. The Effect of Dietary Iron Level on Lipid Peroxidation of Muscle Food. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604282.bard.

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Biological oxidations are almost exclusively metal ion-promoted reactions and in ths respect iron, being the most abundant, is the commonly involved. The effect of dietary iron levels on pork, turkey and chick muscle lipid peroxidation and various other related compounds were evaluated. Crossbred feeder pigs were fed to market weight on corn-soy rations containing either 62, 131 or 209 ppm iron. After slaughter, the muscles were dissected, cooked and stored at 4°C. Heavily fortifying swine rations with iron (>200 ppm) increase nn-heme iron (NHI), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and decrease a-tocopherol in cooked stored pork but did not increase warmed-over aroma (WOA). NHI and TBARS were higher in cooked pork from pigs fed high-iron diets. Liver iron correlated with muscle iron. TBARS were strongly related with WOA. The role of dietary vitamin E and ascorbic acid on Fe-induced in vivo lipid peroxidation in swine was also evaluated. Moderate elevation in iron stores had a marked effect on oxidative stress, especially as indicated by liver TBARS. Supplemental vitamin E, and to a lesser extent vitamin C, protect against this oxidative stress. Unsupplementation of Fe in the regular diet of turkeys did not affect body weight, blood hemoglobin level, or iron pool in the liver or muscle. The reason being that it contained "natural" ~120 mg Fe/kg feed, and this amount is high enough to keep constant the pool of iron in the body, liver or muscle tissues. Only Fe-supplementation with high amounts of Fe (500 ppm) significantly increased turkey blood hemoglobin and total iron in the liver, in 1 out of 3 experiments, but only slightly affects iron pool in the muscles. It seems that the liver accumulates very high concentations of iron and significantly regulates iron concentration in skeletal muscles. For this reason, it was very difficult to decrease muscle stability in turkeys through a diet containing high levels of Fe-supplementation. It was shown that the significant increase in the amount of iron (total and "free") in the muscle by injections with Fe-dextran accelerated its lipid peroxidation rate and decreased its a-tocopherol concentration. The level and metabolism of iron in the muscles affects the intensity of in vivo lipid peroxidation. This process was found to ifluence the turnover and accumulation of a-tocopherol in turkey and chick muscles. Treatments which could significantly decrease the amount and metabolism of iron pool in muscle tissues (or other organs) may affect the rate of lipid peroxidation and the turnover of a-tocopherol. Several defense enzymes were determined and found in the turkey muscle, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione peroxidase was more active in muscles with a high trend of lipid peroxidation, lmore so in drumsticks than in breast muscles, or muscles with a low a-tocopherol content. The activity of glutathione peroxidase increased several fold in muscle stored at 4°C. Our work demonstrated that it will be much more practical to increase the stability of muscle tissues in swine, turkeys and chickens during storage and processing by increasing the amount of vitamin E in the diet than by withdrawing iron supplementation.
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Li, Wenjing, Ziyu Kuang, and Feng Jiang. Meta-analysis of the therapeutic effect on primary liver cancer treated with Spleen strengthening method combined with western medicine treatment. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.1.0043.

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Lleras-Muney, Adriana, and Frank Lichtenberg. The Effect of Education on Medical Technology Adoption: Are the More Educated More Likely to Use New Drugs. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9185.

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