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1
Uddin, Mohammed Nasir, Fouzia Zannat, Mohammad Maruf Hasan, Mst Sharmin Akter, and Md Zulfikar Rahman. "Livelihood Changes of Char (Dry Land) Women Due to Involvement in Activities of the Char Livelihood Program." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, no. 11 (November 11, 2023): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i112268.
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Climatic hazards are common in Bangladesh on delta and riverine island communities, which are large sandbars formed in riverbeds due to silt and alluvium deposition. Specifically, these hazards are caused by the dynamic erosion and accretion of riverbanks. The natural disaster caused by the subsequent sediment buildup on the riverbed and river bank erosion poses a serious threat to the way of life for the residents of Char, particularly the women, by causing damage to or destruction of houses, crops, and family income. The Char Livelihood Program (CLP) attempted to strengthen women's resilience and sense of empowerment while simultaneously improving their livelihoods, nutrition, access to clean water, sanitation, and hygiene habits of char women. This study was mainly undertaken to investigate the extent of changes in the livelihood status of char women due to the involvement in Char Livelihood Program (CLP), explore the factors that may influence the livelihood changes of the char women due to involvement in the CLP. Besides, the problems faced by the char women while working in CLP were also investigated. Data were collected from four villages of Islampur Upazila (sub-district) under Jamalpur district purposively and analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression Models. The goal was to identify the variables that affect the char women's changes in their livelihood. Findings indicated that involvement in char livelihood program had significant influence on the livelihood of char women. The main factor included years of schooling, family size and knowledge of CLP. Collectively, the factors explained 32.3% variation in the livelihood changes of char women. The most influential challenges, from highest to lowest, included unavailability of transport and poor communication status, and lack of commitment of the service provider. Therefore, in order to overcome these obstacles, efforts must be made to ensure seasonal transportation system and enhance road communication infrastructure to enable char women to move around freely in order to carry agricultural products and to connect with relevant stakeholders for better farming and income operations.
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Lawal, M., Salihu, I. T., Tsado, J. H., Umar, I. S., and Abdullahi, A. "FACTORS INFLUENCING WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN SAVING MOBILIZATION SCHEME IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA." Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.59331/jasd.v4i4.273.
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The study determines factors influencing women participation in saving mobilization scheme (SMS) in Benue State, Nigeria. A sample size of 137 women were selected from the State using four-stage sampling techniques. Structured questionnaire complimented with interview scheduled were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (means, percentages and frequency counts), Livelihood Status Index (LSI) and Ordinary Least Square regression. The result revealed that rural women participated commonly in saving money through esusu ( = 3.60, weekly thrift contribution ( = 3.45) as well as production and marketing cooperative (=3.14). The findings also revealed that 52.6% of the respondents had high livelihood status during participation in SMS. The coefficient of age (0.050444), marital status (0.57432), household size (0.073597), years in education (-0.9544), membership of cooperative (0.432058) and access to credit (-0.08612) had significant influence on women level of participation in SMS. The study concluded that more than half of the respondents had high livelihood status during SMS. Also, the coefficient of age, marital status, household size, years of education, member cooperative and access to credit have influence on women level of participation in SMS in the study area. It was recommended that women should diversify in other sustainable income generating activities in order to enhance their livelihood status. Also, women should source for credit from viable and credible institution to ensure sustainable livelihood.
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Soni, Amit. "Status and Empowerment ofCentral Indian Tribal Women." Indian Journal of Research in Anthropology 5, no. 1 (June 15, 2019): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijra.2454.9118.5119.1.
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Empowerment is an active and multidimensional process. Empowerment involves awareness; enhancement of ability and involvement in decision making; possession of assets and power and a state of proper execution of rights and responsibilities. Thus, empowerment may be in various fields, such as, social, economic, political, religious, etc. State of empowerment reflects the stage of developmental process in a particular field or overall development. In tribal communities, the role of women is substantial and crucial. Tribal women in India amply contribute in livelihood activities along with performing household chores and family responsibilities. Despite several economic, political and social changes, tribal women are still far behind. This paper assess and reviews the status of empowerment of tribal women in central India through her role and status in social, economic, religious and political spheres along with status of her education, liberty, authority and possess rights.
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Dhungana, Bharat Ram. "Perceived Impact of Microfinance on Livelihood Improvement in Kaski District of Nepal." Interdisciplinary Journal of Innovation in Nepalese Academia 2, no. 1 (June 22, 2023): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/idjina.v2i1.55968.
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This paper examines the perceived impact of microfinance on livelihood improvement in Kaski district of Nepal. The study is based on a primary survey limited to five MFIs working in rural parts of Kaski district. The impact of microfinance services on people's livelihoods was examined using a descriptive and explanatory research including paired sample t-test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test The livelihood status of the clients has been measured in terms of economic (microbusiness creation, income level, saving habits, productive investment, consumption, and capital expenditures) and social condition (educational status, health status, women empowerment, and social networking) of the clients after microfinance intervention. The researcher randomly selected 150 clients involved in microfinance institutions for the last three or more years. Microfinance significantly affects the livelihood and raises standards of living. The study finds a significant impact of microfinance on the livelihood improvement of poor and marginalized people. Microfinance interventions have significantly improved clients' economic condition, including microbusiness creation, income level, saving habits, productive investment, consumption, and capital expenditures. The social conditions, particularly educational status, health status, women empowerment, and social networking of clients, have significantly improved. Microfinance can be useful for fostering economic growth and enhancing the lives of low-income people and communities, even though its efficacy is disputed. The regulatory authority should develop sound financial and social outreach efficiencies of microfinance institutions to ensure both the welfare of clients and the sustainability of micro institutions.
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Alimuddin, Harwis, Muhammad Zakir Husain, and Alyasa’ Abubakar. "The Livelihood Status of Career Woman in Indonesia: Revitalization of Tanqih al-Manat in Legal Reasoning." DIKTUM: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum 21, no. 2 (November 12, 2023): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35905/diktum.v21i2.6324.
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This research discusses the livelihood status of career women in view of Islamic law and it’s urgency in Indonesia, the epistemology of tanqih al-manat in legal reasoning, and how the application of tanqih al-manat in obligation of career woman livelihood. This research uses a qualitative approach in explaining, describing and analyzing the data and find out the results of the research. The data collection technique used is a literature study. The results of this research identify that being a career woman has become an urgent need in Indonesia, because if only men have careers it will cause an imbalance between the average income and a decent standard of living. The women have the right to work like men as long as the work requires it or she herself needs the work and the work is carried out with respect and obey the religious principles and goals. Tanqih al-manat is a method of filtering the right ‘illat from various possible properties. Through the filtering process of ‘illat, it was found that the proper ‘illat from the texts of the obligation to support livelihood is the husband's control and detention in the house so that she is unable to live independently. Therefore, this research concludes that career women do not have to be supported in livelihood by their husbands, because they are no longer confined to their homes and they are able to live independently.
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Mumin, Alhassan Abdul, Musah Ibrahim Mordzeh-Ekpampo, Bismark Yeboah Boasu, Tia Yahaya, and Shawaratu Abdulai. "Assessing the Challenges of Shea Butter Processing on Sustainable Livelihood of Women in the Sagnaregu Municipality of the Northern Region of Ghana." Journal of Social Science Studies 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2023): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsss.v10i1.20820.
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This study assessed women and sustainable livelihoods with focus on selected shea butter processing centers in Sagnarigu Municipal Assembly of the Northern Region, Ghana. The objectives of the study were to determine the challenges confronting women into shea butter processing and to examine the extent to which these challenges undermine sustainable livelihood of women. This study adopted the explanatory research designs with the quantitative research strategy. The study used structured questionnaire to gather data from 240 women. The study used Structural Equation Model to identify the challenges that significantly undermine sustainable livelihood of women. Start-up capital and credit for equipment, raw material and labor were financial challenges. Leadership, conflicts on transparency and accountability and social status were social challenges. Inadequate technical skills, poor management skills, poor record keeping were human capital challenges. Poor road network, inadequate storage facilities were physical challenges. Poor community and governmental relationship was the major institutional challenge. This study recommends urgent need to address institutional, natural capital and financial challenges confronting women into shea butter processing in the study area.
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Adeniyi, Rhoda Titilayo, and Oyedeji Taofeek Yekinni. "Livelihood Information Endowment as a Correlate of Material Quality of Life among Rural Women in Southwest, Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 27, no. 3 (October 31, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v27i3.1.
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This study examined the livelihood information endowment as a correlate of material quality of life among rural women in Southwest Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 384 respondents using an interview schedule. Data collected on socioeconomic characteristics, livelihood information endowment (livelihood information sought and sources of information); constraints to livelihood information endowment and material quality of life were analysed with percentages, mean, standard deviation, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Chi-square at α0.05. The results showed that most of the respondents were cooperative society members (51.6%) with a mean year of former education being 8.0±4.62 years. The most accessible information sources were mobile phones (3.73±0.90) and husband (3.72±0.82) with livelihood information endowment being high at 55.7%. However, respondents’ prominent constraints to livelihood information endowment were network problem (0.40) and poor rural infrastructure (0.39). The respondents’ material quality of life status was low 52.1%, as most did not possess landed properties (58.1%). A significant relationship existed between respondents’ material quality of life and livelihood information endowment (r=0.134), social group belonged (r=0.153) and constraint to livelihood information endowment (r=-0.017). Constraints to livelihood information endowment inform the respondents’ Material Quality of Life status. Network providers should offer efficient services.
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Chapagain, Ramkrishna, Pradeep Sapkota, and Mukta Raj Gautam. "Impact of Micro-Finance Intervention on Livelihood Status of Women Households." Journal of Nepalese Business Studies 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnbs.v11i1.24200.
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This study attempts to examine the impact of micro finance intervention on the livelihood status of the women households. With the purpose of measuring the impact of micro-finance, 60 non-intervened and the rest 60 intervened respondents having minimum five years attachment with Chhimek Laghubitta Bittiya Sanstha Limited established in the rural area of Pokhara Metropolitan City and nearby VDCs has been selected. Primary data were collected by a semi-structured questionnaire, and both qualitative and quantitative data were used to assess the impact of micro-finance intervention. The study is based on the interventional research design and used randomized control trial approach. Respondents were selected through stratified random sampling. The collected data were analyzed by using parametric (t-test) and non-parametric (Chi-square test) test. The findings of the research show that micro-finance intervention has positive impact on income level, consumption expenses, capital expenditure and savings. The research also shows that micro-finance intervention has positive association with occupational status and micro enterprise creation. One sample t-test on respondent’s rating indicates that micro finance has reached to the remote areas, enhances financial inclusion, facilitates to poverty reduction and ultimately increases the livelihood status of women of rural areas of Pokhara Metropolitan City and nearby VDCs.
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Pham Thi, Nhung, Martin Kappas, and Heiko Faust. "Improving the Socioeconomic Status of Rural Women Associated with Agricultural Land Acquisition: A Case Study in Huong Thuy Town, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam." Land 8, no. 10 (October 14, 2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8100151.
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Since the 2000s, agricultural land acquisition (ALA) for urbanization and industrialization has been quickly implemented in Vietnam, which has led to a huge socioeconomic transformation in rural areas. This paper applies the sustainable livelihoods framework to analyze how ALA has impacted the socioeconomic status (SES) of rural women whose agricultural land was acquired. To get primary data, we surveyed 150 affected households, conducted three group discussions and interviewed nine key informants. The research findings reveal that ALA, when applied toward urbanization, has significantly improved the occupational status of rural women by creating non-farm job opportunities that have improved their income, socioeconomic knowledge and working skills. While their SES has been noticeably enhanced, these positive impacts are still limited in cases where ALA is applied toward industrial and energy development, since these purposes do not create many new jobs. Moreover, the unclear responsibility of stakeholders and inadequate livelihood rehabilitation programs of ALA projects have obstructed the opportunities of rural women. To improve the SES of rural women, we recommend that ALA policy initiate a flexible livelihoods support plan based on the purpose of ALA and the concrete responsibilities of stakeholders and investors.
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Biswajit Nath, Sarat Kumar Nath,. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF WOMEN – A CASE STUDY." International Journal of Modern Agriculture 9, no. 3 (November 28, 2020): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijma.v9i3.153.
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Women play a key role in supporting their household and communities, in achieving food and nutrition security, generating income and improving livelihood and overall well-being of the society. If women get access to land leadership, opportunities and choices economies grow, food security is enhanced and prospects are improved for both current generation and future generations. But gender discrimination is a real phenomenon in India. Women in rural area do not having proper facilities and education for their development. Most of the rural women have less access to healthcare, education and other aspects of the society. This paper studies the status of women in the field of education, income and employment. 15 villages of Morigaon Revenue Circle (Morigaon district) are purposively selected by the author for this study.
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Begum, Nasrin Nahar, Md Nazrul Islam Khan, Sk Shafiqur Rahman, and Sheikh Nazrul Islam. "Livelihood status of women workers in shrimp sector at south western region in Bangladesh." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v5i3.39588.
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In Bangladesh, women are engaging in shrimp sector to support themselves and their family as well. Current study was designed to study the socio-economic and hygienic status of the women working in shrimp sector (employee) in South Western region in Bangladesh (N=150). The study also selected women who are not working in shrimp sector (non-employee) in the same community (N=75) to evaluate impacts of shrimp industry on women. In socio-economic background analysis of the women, medium household size (46% and 65.3%), primary education level (63.3% and 48%), married (79.3% and 97.3%), drinking tube-well water (93.3 % and 92%) and polli electric facility (77.3% and 84%) was dominant in both cases. Average monthly household income and expenditure was found better among the employees (9235 ± 4042 Tk and 765 5± 3032 Tk, respectively) than the non-employees (9068 ± 3113 Tk and 7208 ± 2147 Tk, respectively). In summary, the study observed and suggesting that life style and hygienic condition is better among the women engaged in shrimp sector than the nonemployee in the same community.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(3): 391-397, December 2018
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Zhu, Yifei, and Keshav Lall Maharjan. "Does Participation in the “Grain for Green Program” Change the Status of Rural Men and Women? An Empirical Study of Northeast China." Sustainability 15, no. 23 (November 30, 2023): 16447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152316447.
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The Grain for Green (GfG) program is an afforestation project created by the Chinese Government to protect the environment. Farmers who participate in GfG return farmland to forest. Losing arable land means losing an income source, so farmers have to reorient their livelihood strategies, leading to potential changes in the gender division of labor. To assess gender differences in the impact of policies, we use indicators from the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), which measures the status of women relative to that of men. Using sex-disaggregated data from farmers in mountainous areas of northeast China and applying the inverse probability weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) estimator, we found that the status of men and women had increased with GfG participation, but women’s status had improved more than men’s. However, this was not because of their smooth participation in the program, but because of its challenges. Their decision-making skills improved unexpectedly due to pressure to protect their interests. Rural women worried about their families’ livelihoods, so they tried to improve their family welfare and diversified their income sources. In this process, women had more interactions with outside communities. Our results underline the strong need to continuously monitor the gender impacts of environmental policies.
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Salam, Saveela, and Dr Muzamil Jan. "Socio Economic Status of Tribal Women in Kashmir." Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology 06, no. 01 (2022): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.38177/ajast.2022.6120.
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Socio-Economic Status (SES) is an obscure perception of two diverse phases, the sociological phase and the economic phase. The sociological phase includes class or place surrounded by a communal stratification and the financial phase includes assets such as, livelihood, earnings as well as possessions. Tribal women contain multidimensional roles and household tasks in their families but she is still lagging behind. The present study was carried out in Kashmir valley to analyze the Socio Economic Status of tribal women in respective to their categories, educational status and marital status. Out of 2, 19,774 tribal women in Kashmir valley, 1031 tribal women were taken by applying proportionate stratified random sampling technique. To collect information, a standardized scale “Socio Economic Scale” constructed by Kalia and Sahu was administered during the data collection. The results of the present study reveal that tribal women in Kashmir have low socio cultural, economic, health and educational status.
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Khatri, Chakra Bahadur. "Development in Social Cultural Status of Tamang Women (A Brief Study of Phungling Municipality Ward No. 10, Taplejung, District)." Nepal Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 4, no. 1 (April 24, 2021): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njmr.v4i1.36619.
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There is great values of development of socio-cultural and economic status of indigenous women like Tamang, limbus for the holistic development in Nepal. The perfect socio-cultural and economic status only can determine the level of development. This paper tries to carry out the sketch of developing condition of socio-cultural status of Tamang women in Phungling Municipality Ward No. 10. The paper is based on both primary and secondary data. Most of the data are taken from interview questionnaires. The relevancy of this paper goes to find out the developing stages of socio-cultural and economic status of Tamang women for the better livelihood of Tamang community.
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Oladele, Oladimeji Idowu. "Access to Livelihood Capital and Food Security Status as Correlates to Empowerment Among Women on Irrigation Schemes in North-West Province, South Africa." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 23, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2023.23.2.7.
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This paper examines the empowerment, access to livelihood capital, and food security status among women in irrigation Schemes in North-West Province, South Africa. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 84 women farmers. Data was obtained with a female empowerment agricultural index questionnaire and analyzed with frequency distribution, percentages, mean and standard deviation, and Chi-Square. The results on the indices of empowerment show that women are disempowered in the use of income and access to productive capital and credit, but are empowered in leadership and decision-making. The Chi-square analysis reveals that significant relationships exist between levels of empowerment, livelihood capital, and food security. The paper concludes that there is a need to modify intervention programs if empowerment is to be attained.
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Kang, Suk-Woong, Ji-Hee Yang, Won-Chul Shin, Yoon-Ji Kim, and Min-Hyeok Choi. "Influence of Residence Area and Basic Livelihood Conditions on the Prevalence and Diagnosis Experience of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women Aged over 50 Years: Evaluation Using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 9478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189478.
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Patients with osteoporosis are asymptomatic and are at risk for fractures. Therefore, early detection and interventions are important. We found that a population with a low socioeconomic status living in rural areas was reported to have a high osteoporosis prevalence but a relatively low diagnosis rate. Research on the disparity of osteoporosis prevalence and treatment from the socioeconomic perspective was conducted. This study aimed to investigate the influence of residence area and basic livelihood conditions on osteoporosis prevalence and diagnosis in postmenopausal women aged over 50 years. The cross-sectional data of 1477 postmenopausal women aged over 50 years obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V-2 were analyzed. Univariate analyses were performed to calculate the prevalence and diagnosis rate according to risk factor categories. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the influence of residence area and basic livelihood conditions after controlling for other factors. The osteoporosis prevalence in basic livelihood beneficiaries (53.7%) and rural area residents (41.9%) was higher than that in non-beneficiaries (33.1%) and urban area residents (31.8%). There was no significant difference in the diagnosis rates in relation to the basic livelihood conditions or residence areas. The adjusted odds ratio for the prevalence among the beneficiaries living in rural areas was 2.08 (95% confidence interval: 1.06–4.10). However, the odds ratio for diagnosis was not significantly different. Earlier screening examination policies for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with a low socioeconomic status living in rural areas are needed.
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Kimengsi, Jude, Jürgen Pretzsch, Mukong Kechia, and Symphorien Ongolo. "Measuring Livelihood Diversification and Forest Conservation Choices: Insights from Rural Cameroon." Forests 10, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10020081.
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While forests’ contribution to rural livelihoods has been unearthed scientifically, the patterns, determinants and forest conservation policy implications of livelihood diversification still beg for more scientific and policy edification. This paper makes a contribution in this regard, using household data (N = 200) from eight villages around the Kilum-Ijim Forest Landscape of Cameroon. The ordinary least square and the logit model are used to explore the determinants of livelihood diversification and the likelihood of forest dependence, respectively. The diversification patterns were analysed using a simple t-test, and the multinomial logit for conservation choices. We find that forest-related activities are a source of livelihood diversification for 63% of households, with non-timber forest products (NTFP) domestication (31%) and medicinal plant extraction (30%) being the most preferred. For non-forest activities, migration is the most preferred diversification strategy. Generally, households with favourable socio-economic status prefer non-forest to forest activities for livelihood diversification. The regression estimates indicate that older respondents are more likely to depend on the forest than the young, whereas males and individuals with at least some secondary education are less likely than their respective counterparts to rely on the forest. The results also suggest those who participated in training, educated household heads and older individuals are significantly more likely to choose high-valued diversification strategies. Concerning conservation activities, households with favourable socio-economic status are on average less likely to adopt NTFP domestication and more likely to adopt bee-keeping as a conservation choice. The results suggest the need for policy considerations to: (i) effectively integrate women in forest management processes, (ii) intensify trainings for conservation-friendly diversification approaches, (iii) regulate unclean energy use and (iv) encourage value chain improvement for conservation-friendly products.
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Hartanto, Rima, Rika Seytorini, and Triyanto Triyanto. "PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN KEPALA KELUARGA UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD OLEH YAYASAN SPEK-HAM SURAKARTA." Marwah: Jurnal Perempuan, Agama dan Jender 20, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/marwah.v20i1.12254.
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Gender discrimination and injustice add to the burden on women, especially women headed family. The status of the headed family puts women in difficult conditions. Apart from being the breadwinners in the family, women also have to take care of their own households so that women headed families are the poorest group in Indonesia. Women headed of family as poor and vulnerable groups need empowerment in order to achieve sustainable livelihoods. This research explores the empowerment of women headed family carried out by the SPEK-HAM Surakarta Foundation. The results showed that economic empowerment was carried out through two mentoring, first pre-empowerment which is one way of approaching women headed family through household studies and area mapping, further empowerment is carried out in the form of waste banks, pre-cooperatives and efforts to improve the economy
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Francis, Dr C., and S. John Kaviarasu. "Status Of Slum Dwelling Women Entrepreneurs In Chennai City: The Current Scenario." Think India 22, no. 3 (September 6, 2019): 514–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8318.
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Poverty is the major impediment for women development. The efficacious strategy of eradicating poverty would be to provide sustainable livelihood opportunities to women. Creating employment opportunities through micro level enterprises is necessary. For the last two decades, women have been ventured into multi-tasking activities like earning while doing household chores. Significant number of married women have ventured into micro level entrepreneurial activities, but failed to sustain in the journey of entrepreneurship. The objective of this study is to record the present status of slum dwelling women entrepreneurs in three zones of Chennai. This study has used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected from 120 women entrepreneurs through convenient sampling method. The study finds that women in the slums of Chennai involved in micro level enterprises within the boundaries of their local area. It also showed that age factor does not have any association with women entrepreneurship.
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Gurung, Santosh Kumar. "Socio-Economic Status of Women Farmers: A Sociological Study of Bhadaure-Tamagi V.D.C., Kaski." Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 3 (November 25, 2008): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v3i0.1500.
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The socio-economic status of women farmers is low because of inherent social hierarchy and economic deprivation. The main objective of the study is to find out the socio-economic status of women farmers and to investigate this different research tools is applied mainly interview schedule. The study reveals that although women's agricultural labor force is high but there has not been any significant change in the status of women farmers. Women are still deprived and discriminated in terms economic ground. The Dalits are mainly suffering from this deprivation and discrimination. So, women farmers need a special concern for their livelihood and empowerment. There is an immense need of women empowerment programmes and cash earning packages to break this vicious circle of economic deprivation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v3i0.1500 Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.III, Sept. 2008 p.126-138
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Chapagain, Ramkrishna, and Rishikesh Aryal. "Microfinance Intervention and Livelihood Status: A Case of Gramin Bikash Bank Limited." Saptagandaki Journal 9 (August 26, 2018): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sj.v9i0.20881.
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This paper attempts to focus on the impact of micro finance intervention on livelihood status of the people taking samples of 60 respondents of microfinance intervened and 60 non intervened population of Grameen Bikash Bank which lies on remote area of Pokhara, Leknath Metropolitan city and nearby VDCs. The study is based on the randomized control trial approach and data were collected through researcher administered questionnaire. Respondents were taken through stratified sampling. The research finds that microfinance intervention has association with occupational status, micro enterprise creation, frequency of loan taken and occupational change. Independent sample t-test shows micro finance intervention increases income level, capital expenditure, consumption expenditure and saving. The regression analysis shows that micro finance intervention changes the livelihood status of women of rural areas of Pokhara Municipality and nearby VDCs. The Sapta Gandaki JournalVol. IX, 2018 Feb. Page: 62-72
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Chandru, S., and K. Thirumalaisamy. "Status of Narikoravar (A Type of Gypsy Community) Women Entrepreneur in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu." Asian Review of Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (May 5, 2019): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2019.8.2.1565.
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The gypsies are indigenous people whose main occupation were hunting but are also considered as one of the greatest bandit communities in south India. The word gypsies is derived from Europe, which means nomadic people. Tamil Nadu is a home to various categories of gypsies, and among them the nomadic tribes or gypsy named as Koravar (or) Narikoravan (or) Kuruvikaran stands in the forefront. The occupation of Narikoravar community is mostly hunting jackals and other wild animals. Later, due to the government ban on possession of fire arms, the Narikoravar community changed their occupation to selling handicrafts. Narikoravar women has always taken a background role-subordinate to the figure of men as the “bread winner”, and were shut away” in their family home. Comparing with women of other community, the Narikoravar women has more responsibilities that are imposed on her that resists her self-development. The plight of these women is mainly due to their upbringing in their family and culture. The nomadic nature of their culture, pose an obstacle for them to make a permanent income for their livelihood. They are economically poor and have engaged in self entrepreneurial business for their livelihood like selling fancy items, grocery items, soft toys making, ornaments and beads making etc. Even though they have an ability and skill in entrepreneurship business, they lack in upgrading their skills with technological enhancement. Hence, the researcher has focused on socio-economic conditions of the respondents, understanding the problems faced by women entrepreneurs and their awareness about government welfare schemes. The research also throws light on the status of women entrepreneurs, their economic status and their awareness about these schemes by employing appropriate statistical methods.
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Shahid Hussain, Ahmed Khan, and Abid Hussain. "The Intersection of Patriarchal Chains and The Natural Disasters: Exploring the Impact of Flood on Women in The Rural Areas of Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan." Contemporary Issues in Social Sciences and Management Practices 2, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 276–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.61503/cissmp.v2i3.73.
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The current study aims to unfold the multifaceted impacts of flood disasters on women in the socio-economic sphere. The universe of the present venture was the rural areas of Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. The research questions of the study were: What are the adverse impacts of disasters on the livelihood of women in rural areas of district D.G. Khan? What is the role of women in uplifting the socio-economic status of livelihood in the rural areas of D.G. Khan? The researcher interviewed 19 female respondents by using purposive sampling. The data was gathered through an interview guide using the face-to-face technique. The data was analyzed through thematic analysis and the following themes were identified: impact of flooding on women, women’s health and food security, women's health and malnutrition, women and economic insecurity, workload in the family and their burden, shelter problems and women, intimate partner violence and feminization of poverty. The study concluded that women are vulnerable in different ways. Firstly, women are suffering from nutritional deficiency; secondly, women must work at home and in the fields with men; thirdly, women are not allowed to get an education; and fourthly, women lack access to information.
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Nafees, Muhammad, Madiha Naz, Faiza Anjum, Muntazir Mehdi, Safder Abbas, and Aamir Iqbal. "Socio-Cultural Factors Affecting Livelihood of Staff Nurses in Lahore, Punjab Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 549–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22164549.
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Introduction: The working women in under-developing nations face multiple issues due to their conservative socio-cultural setup. It not only affects the status of women but also hinders regional socio-economic development. Despite being significant contributors to healthcare, nurses are not treated well in society and also at their workplace. The maltreatment adversely affects their livelihood which ultimately affects the efficiency of healthcare. Objectives: Major objective of the study was to examine the socio-cultural factors affecting the livelihood of staff nurses, and to suggest suitable policy measures to address the issue. Material and methods: Using a qualitative research approach, this study was conducted in Lahore, the capital of Punjab province, Pakistan. Through multistage sampling, one hundred and fifty staff nurses were conveniently interviewed for data collection using a well structure Interview Schedule. The data collection tool was designed according to the Sustainable Livelihood Framework of DFID. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and multivariate linear regression analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Results: The irritating behavior of the patients, coworkers, and relatives, inability to attend social gatherings and harassment were negatively associated with the livelihood of the respondents. Conclusion: The socio-cultural factors had a negative impact on the livelihood of staff nurses. There is a dire need to make policies to change the attitude of the people towards this profession. Keywords: Staff Nurses, Socio-cultural factors, livelihood, Lahore
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Moumita, C., BK Biswas, and H. Muktadir. "Nutritional Status of Women Living at South-west Coastal Belt of Satkhira Bangladesh." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 8, no. 2 (February 29, 2016): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v8i2.26863.
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Malnutrition has long been regarded as a widespread public health problem especially in the poorest part of Bangladesh. For determining nutritional status of women living in South-West coastal belt of Bangladesh, in this regard, Shyamnagar Upazilla of Satkhira district was selected. A random questionnaire survey was conducted by pre scheduled structured questionnaire among the 6 villages from Gabura and Munshiganj union of the Shyamnagar UpaziIla during November, 2012 to January, 2013. A total of 120 households (preferably women) were randomly selected from the six study villages based on mainly livelihood pattern of the households such as crop production, shrimp culture and Sunderbans depended activities. In the study area, about 54.17% women had BMI of 18.5-24.9 and mean body weight of 49.75 ± 8.36 kg. About 79.16% families had vegetable gardens around their houses and they were gardening mainly for consumption and additional income of the family. Most of the families could not afford to enough eat more egg, fish or meat after Aila occurred because of low availability due to soil salinity. Salinity caused many diseases; skin disease was one of them. About 28% families bought food in credit and 20.14% respondents in Gabura and 31.59% in Munshiganj paid their loan at Pohela Boishakh. They received treatment facilities for their health hazards from village doctors and public health centre during the period of disease occurred. This study concluded that salinity affect the livelihood and nutrition on the community of the coastal belt.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 41-46 2015
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Ambuja Kumar Tripathy. "Livelihood, Conservation, and Resistance: Mahila Mandal in the Tribal Region of Odisha." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 11, no. 1 (February 18, 2023): 168–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.110.
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As the nation celebrates the presidential victory of one tribal woman from the northern district of Mayurbhanj in Odisha (Ms. Droupadi Murmu), this study attempts to analyse the dynamics surrounding collective agency of rural tribal women in the state with special reference to its south- western districts. In the tribal region of Odisha, women by and large have been accorded a secondary status with respect to decision-making and access to resources. They negotiate access to village common resources to sustain viable livelihoods. In recent times, the fragile ecology in this forest and mineral rich area has witnessed serious damages in the development process. While the impacts are felt across the communities, women are the most vulnerable section. This paper, drawing on extensive fieldwork, focuses on women’s collective at village level, locally known as mahila mandal, as an initiative of a well known civil society organization, Agragamee. Mahila mandal has played a critical role in collective action for natural resource management- in releasing unproductive wastes like degraded forest lands and wastelands from the control of village dominant groups for productive use and management. Further, it has led to considerable collective agency formation in the form of collective mobilizations and resistances by local women against some of the policies of the state directly affecting their livelihoods. Anti-liquor movement and hill broom movement by local women are good instances in this regard. Mahila mandal, however, is currently facing formidable challenges for its survival, especially owing to the rapid spread of self help groups (SHGs) in the region. At the same time, as my recent fieldwork shows, it is indeed experimenting different strategies to revive the old spirit and enthusiasm among local people. In these circumstances, it would not be inaccurate to say that mahila mandal is currently situated between hope and scepticism.
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Idris, Amina Aminu, and Ali Abdullahi. "Gender Livelihood Strategies among Farmers’ Household in Kano State, Nigeria." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 42, no. 3 (February 26, 2024): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2024/v42i32382.
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Gender-based livelihood continues to be one of the most prevalent issues facing Nigerian households, with implications in virtually every industry. This study accessed the gender-based livelihood strategies of farmers’ households in Kano State, Nigeria. The research was conducted in Kano state, four Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Kano State were selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure, and 215 farmers were randomly selected from 717 households in the LGAs. In addition, 80 households, of which 20 were randomly selected from each LGA, were interviewed about their means of subsistence. A combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques was used to gather information for the study. Both descriptive statistics and the Harvard Analytical Framework were used to analyse the collected data. The results revealed that the average age of farmers in Kano State was 35 years, the majority (89.3%) were married, with an average household size of 9 people, and 55.8% had informal education. The majority of productive activities were carried out by men and boys; both men and women carried out activities that generated income; and more than 70 percent of reproductive activities were carried out by women, as revealed by the household's livelihood strategies. It further revealed that women had limited access to resources and that the majority of resources were under the control of males in the study area. Men dominated access to and control over the resources that were available. It is recommended that women be encouraged to devise legal means for accessing and controlling resources in order to improve their livelihood status.
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Panda, Dhyanadipta. "Women Empowerment in India: Rationale and Present State." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6, no. 9 (June 24, 2018): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i9.105.
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Women are considered as goddess in Indian culture. But till today in every sphere of life women have been humiliated like anything in the society. In India many rules and legislation has been made for women since independence but till today a woman is fighting for her fundamental right. Women empowerment is the only way by which it can be possible to give equal status to women in a male dominated society like India. To be empowered, women should come forward and realize that they are not second grade citizen of the society and at the same time also equally capable with men in all aspect of livelihood. In this context, the present study analyses different issues of women empowerment and reasons behind not successful implementation of women empowerment programs in the country. Education, financial independence, equal recognition in work place, change of mind set among men can help to accelerate the process of women empowerment in India.
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Sherwani, Faizan Khan, Sanaa Zafar Shaikh, and Zoya Zafar Shaikh. "Interest-Free Microfinance Arrangements and Its Impact on the Livelihood of Women in India." GATR Journal of Finance and Banking Review VOL. 6 (2) JULY- SEPTEMBER 2021 6, no. 2 (September 29, 2021): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jfbr.2021.6.2(3).
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Objective –The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of interest-free microfinance arrangements on the livelihood of women in India. Studies reveal that the existence of interest-free microfinance, as well as its outcome on the livelihood of weaker sections of society (particularly women), overall improved their well-being. Methodology –Exploratory and cross-section analysis is used to understand the satisfaction level among non- conventional microfinance arrangements. Survey of non-conventional microfinance beneficiaries exposes the status of women’s’ earnings, financial literacy, skills development, employment generation, household savings and poverty alleviation. Findings–Interest-free microfinance products like Zakat, Sadaqah, and KarzeHasna will successfully meet micro- financing core objectives of poverty alleviation, women empowerment, gender equality, prosperity, and employment. The analysis showed that the performance of interest-free microfinance consumers is better than conventional microfinance consumers. Novelty –This study is an original which is based on the demographic, sociocultural and regulatory framework of interest-free micro finance systems to identify the acceptability in the Indian financial system. The discussions in the study are mainly concerned with the empirical review of the impact and effect of interest-free microfinance on the lifestyle of female microfinance users after obtaining a loan i.e., their income, expenditure, saving, entrepreneurship, consumption, and women participation in earning income in India. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: G20, G21. Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Livelihood; Education Development; Living Standards; Women Empowerment
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Islam, Md Mynul. "Co-Management Approach And Its Impact On Women’s Livelihood Strategies: Lawachara Protected Forest Area Perspective." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 11, no. 1 (September 8, 2015): 59–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v11i1.213.
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Women’s position has not changed greatly in the patriarchal society of Bangladesh. The cultural interpretation of social practices creates a lot of obstacles for women to survive properly. Most of the time conventional development projects and policies prefer men’s issue to ensure their rights and opportunities rather than women’s as human being. Today’s socio-economic political situation has also affected poor people’s livelihood improvement especially for the poorest of the poor group. Among them, forest areas women are living in the most vulnerable situation to meet their livelihood. They have to face unthinkable problem to maintain their livelihood strategies as they do not have enough food, education, voice, power to exercise their capacity to bring some changes in both public and private places. To improve forest areas people’s livelihood strategy USAID/Bangladesh is playing a very significant role in association with states initiatives. They identified some areas as protected areas to take innovative development projects named co-management approach to development local people’s sustainable development. Lawachara is one of the oldest protected forest areas, under co-management approach in Bangladesh and USAID/Bangladesh has already launched different types of strategy to improve local people’s livelihood and as well as natural resource development. Through comanagement approach women in Lawachara are now really having some positive changes regarding their livelihood improvement but still there are some problems regarding policies, implementation strategies, monitoring and evaluation strategies. Greater recognition of this problem will be helpful for women in Lawachara to improve their livelihood strategies by incorporating gender issues into different mechanisms. In this regard this study examines the co-management approach from gender perspective to analyze the improvement of women’s livelihood strategy.
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Ganebo, Tekele Petros, S. Nakkiran, Teklu Tesfaye Chamato, and M. Senapathy. "Women Participation in Microcredit Service to Improve Families Livelihood: The Case of Sodo Zuria District, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia." ComFin Research 9, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/commerce.v9i3.4150.
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Even though microfinance institutions have their principles and guidelines that have room for before women and working to improve their families’ lives, women participation is not significant in all of the microfinance services and their activities. The situation is also similar in the study area. The study’s objectives were to assess the extent and status of women participation in Microcredit, determine factors that affect women participation in microcredit service to improve livelihood and assess the constraints that hinder women’s participation in microcredit service from enhancing their livelihood. The total number of rural women microcredit users in Omo and Vision Microfinance was 2331; from this 100 sample, respondents were selected using Yemane (1967)formula and based on PPS through a simple random sampling method. The extent and status of women participation in microcredit service have been measured by calculating the score value of the participation index. The participation status of women has been categorized into low, medium and high, which are 38, 20 and 38 respondents, respectively. Mean difference, percentage, oneway ANOVA, spearman correlation and chi-square test were used with an ordered logit model to analyze the data. Out of 17 hypothesized variables, 7 of them, namely, age, Family income, Livestock holding size, household expenditure, the experience of borrower, achievement motivation and attitudinal level, are significant to the dependent variable. According to the respondents’ econometric analysis age, the respondents negatively influence the level of participation, and itis significant. It is better to consider the mean age between 37, which is the medium age group. Therefore, policy-makers, actors, MFI industries/institutions, and planners should develop a positive attitude and motivational achievement through training and awareness creation programs to promote women’s equal opportunities control over their household economic resources.
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Ampadu-Ameyaw, Richard, and Rose Omari. "Small-Scale Rural Agro-Processing Enterprises in Ghana: Status, Challenges and Livelihood Opportunities of Women." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 6, no. 1 (January 10, 2015): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2015/15523.
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Shashni, Sarla, and Sheetal Sharma. "WILD ROSEHIPS (ROSA MOSCHATASYN BRUNONII): SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD OPTION AMONG WOMEN IN NORTH WESTERN HIMALAYA OF KULLU VALLEY, HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 1071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13842.
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The paper describes the status of wild rosehips (Rosa moschata syn brunoni) in the Northwestern Himalayan district of Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India. Research work was carried out with the Women Saving and Credit Groups in the rural parts of the district which emerged as a sustainable livelihood option in the region while conserving natural resources.
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Exavery, Amon, Peter J. Kirigiti, Ramkumar T. Balan, and John Charles. "Multivariate mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression models with difference-in-differences estimator of the impact of WORTH Yetu on household hunger and socioeconomic status among OVC caregivers in Tanzania." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (April 16, 2024): e0301578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301578.
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Background Although most of the livelihood programmes target women, those that involve women and men have been evaluated as though men and women were a single homogenous population, with a mere inclusion of gender as an explanatory variable. This study evaluated the impact of WORTH Yetu (an economic empowerment intervention to improve livelihood outcomes) on household hunger, and household socioeconomic status (SES) among caregivers (both women and men) of orphaned and vulnerable children (OVC) in Tanzania. The study hypothesized that women and men respond to livelihood interventions differently, hence a need for gender-disaggregated impact evaluation of such interventions. Methods This is a secondary analysis of longitudinal data, involving caregivers’ baseline (2016–2019) and follow-up (2019–2020) data from the USAID Kizazi Kipya project in 25 regions of Tanzania. Two dependent variables (ie, outcomes) were assessed; household hunger which was measured using the Household Hunger Scale (HHS), and Socioeconomic Status (SES) using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). WORTH Yetu, a livelihood intervention implemented by the USAID Kizazi Kipya project was the main independent variable whose impact on the two outcomes was evaluated using multivariate analysis with a multilevel mixed-effects, ordinal logistic regression model with difference-in-differences (DiD) estimator for impact estimation. Results The analysis was based on 497,293 observations from 249,655 caregivers of OVC at baseline, and 247,638 of them at the follow-up survey. In both surveys, 70% were women and 30% were men. Their mean age was 49.3 (±14.5) years at baseline and 52.7 (±14.8) years at the follow-up survey. Caregivers’ membership in WORTH Yetu was 10.1% at the follow-up. After adjusting for important confounders there was a significant decline in the severity of household hunger by 46.4% among WORTH Yetu members at the follow-up compared to the situation at the baseline (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 0.536, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.521, 0.553]). The decline was 45.7% among women (aOR = 0.543 [0.524, 0.563]) and 47.5% among men (aOR = 0.525 [0.497, 0.556]). Regarding SES, WORTH Yetu members were 15.9% more likely to be in higher wealth quintiles at the follow-up compared to the situation at the baseline (aOR = 1.159 [1.128, 1.190]). This impact was 20.8% among women (aOR = 1.208 [1.170, 1.247]) and 4.6% among men (aOR = 1.046 [0.995, 1.101]). Conclusion WORTH Yetu was associated with a significant reduction in household hunger, and a significant increase in household SES among OVC caregivers in Tanzania within an average follow-up period of 1.6 years. The estimated impacts differed significantly by gender, suggesting that women and men responded to the WORTH Yetu intervention differently. This implied that the design, delivery, and evaluation of such programmes should happen in a gender responsive manner, recognising that women and men are not the same with respect to the programmes.
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Karmakar, Subarna. "CLIMATE CHANGE AND EVERYDAY-LIFE: NEGOTIATION OF WOMEN IN THE SUNDARBANS, INDIA." MAN, ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY 3, no. 1 (2022): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47509/mes.2022.v03i01.04.
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Climate change is a social phenomenon. The women and the men, however, do not experience climate change in identical terms. Gender disparity, in terms of vulnerability to changes in climate, persists across societies. Miserably poor economic status compounded by unavoidable dependence on natural resources for livelihood makes women relatively more vulnerable to climate change, everywhere. The women of the Sundarbans (India) are not unaware of their status. However, these women, in course of their continuous negotiation with climate change, have developed viable strategies to survive the disruptive effects of climate change in everyday life. The climate change-driven crises, as encountered and the coping strategies pursued by the women of the Sundarbans (India), have, however, failed to attract adequate attention from social researchers. The present paper, based on empirically derived data, makes a modest attempt to bridge this gap.
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Howitt, Christina, Fitzroy Henry, Kern D. Rocke, Catherine R. Brown, Waneisha Jones, Leith Dunn, and T. Alafia Samuels. "COVID-19 and the social distribution of hunger in three Caribbean Small Island Developing States." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 46 (August 25, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2022.61.
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Objectives. To determine changes to income and livelihood, food consumption, and hunger due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in three Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in the Caribbean: Jamaica, St Kitts and Nevis, and St Vincent and the Grenadines. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in July 2020. Participants were selected using telephone directories and lists of mobile numbers. Data were collected through face-to-face and telephone interviews. Participants rated the impact of COVID-19 on their livelihoods and the Adult Food Security Module was used to assess hunger. To examine how these outcomes varied by sociodemographic group, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used, with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) reported. Results. The analysis included 880 participants. Of these, 40% (344/871) reported some form of hunger, with 18% (153/871) classed as moderate-to-severe hunger. Almost three quarters of households reported some impact on their livelihood (640/880), with 28% (243/880) classifying this impact as moderate to severe. Women were 60% more likely to report that their livelihoods were moderately to severely affected by COVID-19 (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.09, 2.31) and 70% more likely to experience moderate-to-severe hunger (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.37, 2.09). The effects of COVID-19 on livelihood and hunger were greater in those with secondary-school and primary-school education compared with tertiary education. Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic is disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable segments of the population. Social protection programmes are a key component of efforts to alleviate the pandemic’s consequences; however, equitable access must be ensured.
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Masongsong, Jovie Rose. "Status of VAWC Crime Victims: A Basis for a Comprehensive Victimology Program." American Journal of Youth and Women Empowerment 2, no. 1 (August 5, 2023): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajywe.v2i1.1629.
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This study determined the status of crime victims, particularly victims of violence against women in order to arrive in practical solutions to the stated problems of the study. Specifically, it sought to determine the factors contributory to victimization among crime victims, the effects of victimization, the support extended for the treatment of crime victims, in order to arrive in recommendations to assist crime victims and minimize the impact of victimization. It made use of the descriptive-qualitative method of research. The researcher found out that the primary factors that lead to the victimization of women victims of violence are socioeconomic factors. Most of the abuses committed to victims were in the form of verbal abuse so there is no much visible physical effect. There is lack of support given to the victims. In terms of suggestions made by the victims to help other victims, most of them suggested livelihood programs because they believe that some cases of violence against women stem from financial reasons.
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Mannan, Fouzia. "The Urban Poor and Livelihood Vulnerability: Are Gender, Age and Marriage Intertwined." Social Science Review 37, no. 2 (November 20, 2021): 217–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ssr.v37i2.56515.
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Dhaka is the capital city and the single fastest growing metropolis in Bangladesh – by 2020 its population will have increased thirty-fold to over ten million. This rapid population growth is largely facilitated by mass rural-to-urban migration. The speed of urbanization and the enormous numbers involved make it one of the major development challenges of the 21st century (World Bank & Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies, 1998). Neither public nor private facilities can meet the basic human needs (food, water, shelter, sanitation, and a safe environment) of slum dwellers, most of whom also lack livelihood security. To understand the magnitude of urban poverty, this research explores the question of whether gender, age and marital status are indeed linked to livelihood vulnerability among the urban poor. It has utilized qualitative methods of data collection -FGDs, case studies (based on in depth-interviews) and participant observation from a selected slum in Dhaka- Begultila. Results of this study has indicated that both physical and emotional vulnerabilities have a crucial impact on the livelihood pattern of the slum dwellers of Begultila. To understand the state and nature of poverty in Begultila it is important to consider non-economic factors, which have a very strong role in enhancing vulnerability among the urban poor, particularly with children, women, and the elderly. This study sheds new light on urban poverty in relation to livelihood vulnerability; and consequently, highlights the diverse experiences of the urban poor and the livelihood insecurity that automatically categorizes them as one of the most vulnerable groups within the slum community. This form of livelihood vulnerability has a crucial effect on the nature and quality of life of the urban poor, particularly for women, which in turn, perpetuates the cycle of poverty.
Social Science Review, Vol. 37(2), Dec 2020 Page 217-237
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Desai, Kiran. "Exploitation and Liberation: Case Study of Women Workers in Surat’s Unorganised Sector." Social Change 50, no. 1 (March 2020): 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085719901051.
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Based on an empirical study, this article narrates the condition and status of women workers engaged in the unorganised sector in Surat. The city, considered Gujarat’s economic hub and business capital, is known for its small- and medium-scale industries (SMSIs) especially those connected with weaving, dying-printing, embroidery and diamonds. A number of non-industrial, informal sector livelihood activities, known as the fringe sub-sector, are integrated with the city’s main industrial activities. Studies reveal that a high number of migrant workers from all over India eke their livelihood from this wide spectrum of economic activities combining both these sub-sectors in which women constitute a significant proportion of this workforce. The article firstly describes their demographic profile as well as their working conditions. It also takes into account not only their contribution in terms of an economic income but also outlines their impact in the social sphere. The article argues that though the work milieu of the unorganised sector is as exploitative and oppressive for women workers as it is for men, to a certain extent there is an element of liberation for women in their social existence.
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Khanum, Romaza, and Muhammad Salim Al Mahadi. "Economic Empowerment of Haor Women through Duck Farming in Bangladesh." Agriculturists 13, no. 1 (January 24, 2016): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v13i1.26543.
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A study was conducted to investigate the extent of women participation in duck rearing farm and to address womens economic empowerment in Hakaluki haor area of Maulvibazar district in Bangladesh. Primary data from 80 women duck raisers were collected through face to face interview. In this case haor women played an important role in the duck rearing activities which were carried out to explore the meaningful interpretation of womens present status. The result of the study revealed that duck rearing farming has exerted greater impact on improving socioeconomic condition and economic empowerment of haor women. The successful duck farming provides the women with economic independence and improved livelihood leading to their empowerment.The Agriculturists 2015; 13(1) 18-25
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Kachaka, Hildah, and Mwiya Liamunga Imasiku. "Challenges faced by Women With Visual Impairment in Living a Sustainable Livelihood." Journal of Law and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2012): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.1.1.373.
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The nature of the challenges faced by women with visual impairments remains
uncertain. However, studies have been done on women with disabilities in general but
none has focused on women with visual impairments. This study sought to establish
the challenges faced by women with visual impairments in living a sustainable
livelihood in urban areas.
A descriptive survey design was used in order to obtain a true and comprehensive
picture of individuality. Primary data was collected through interview schedules and
questionnaires.
Data was collected from women with visual impairments in selected government
line ministries. For those not in employments, data was collected from the central
business district where they parade to ask for alms from well wishers.
The target sample was all women with visual impairments registered with the
Federation for the Blind and based in Lusaka urban. Stratified sampling was used to
classify women with visual impairments into their economic status such as those in
formal employment and those not working at all.
Sixteen (50%) of women with visual impairments were in formal employment
while sixteen (50%) were on the street begging. Twenty-one (66%) of the women with
visual impairment revealed that they were not able to live a sustainable livelihood
due to the different challenges they faced while eleven (44%) stressed that they were
managing because they had a salary though it was not enough to cater for their basic
needs. From the findings it has been noted that women with visual impairments have
a lot of challenges on sustainable livelihood. Sixty-six (66%) of the women stated
that they were not able to live a sustainable livelihood, as most of them depended on
begging for their livelihood. The money they realised from begging could not meet
all their basic needs. The findings also reveal that the women with visual impairments
despite their level of education, could not be offered any other job apart from being
telephone operators. From the sixteen (50%) of women with visual impairments who
are in formal employment, eleven (69%) had attained grade nine while five (31%)
were grade twelve school leavers and yet they were doing the same job. The grade
twelve school leavers felt unfairly treated because sight had disadvantaged them in
the area of wanting to do other professions of their dreams. Further, it was found that
there were some cultural factors that contribute to the challenges women with visual
impairments face. In as much as they know that they have no sight, they feel they must
be appreciated as human beings just like the women with sight. The findings show that Challenges faced by Women With Visual Impairment in Living a Sustainable Livelihood
twenty (63%) of all the participants indicated that they were discriminated, segregated
and abused by the sighted in different ways. Eleven (35%) of the women with visual
impairment stated that as they were growing up, they were over-protected and over-
looked and this had contributed to their poverty situation today.
The results of the study indicate that there is a strong relationship between being
visually impaired and sustainable livelihood among women despite their education
levels. The study has also revealed that although there is so much awareness on
disability issues, women with visual impairments are still discriminated and excluded
from the mainstream activities. Therefore, stakeholders in disability issues should
address the plight of these women. Recommendations made include:
(a) Government and stakeholders in the welfare of women with visual impairments
should ensure that information on Citizen Economic Empowerment is
transcribed into Braille if the visually impaired are to benefit from the scheme.
(b) Government through appropriate authorities should reduce the number of
procedures involved in accessing the funds.
(c) Since education is a factor in improving the livelihood of an individual, government
through relevant ministries should build more schools and provide bursaries and
or scholarships to the visually impaired to attain vocational training.
(d) The visually impaired who have attained high school level should be allowed to
venture into careers of their choice.
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Kumar, D. Siva. "STATUS OF WOMEN IN ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND MODERN PERIOD OF INDIA." SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR HUMANITY SCIENCE AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE 10, no. 49 (October 31, 2021): 12223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21922/srjhsel.v10i49.9766.
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India is a land of values, morals, heritage culture and traditions. As the word said by Mahatma Gandhi, “We call our nation as mother India and earth as mother earth because the genesis of all rituals, holiness existed in the compassion of a women”. So, in our early Vedic culture there was matriarchal system where the women were the head of the family. So, at that time there was a scope for existence of peace, harmony, happiness and prosperity. But the status of women declined from the later Vedic period where the tradition of kinship only vested to the male heir and prince of that kingdom. Then the same type of typical culture flourished in all regimes of kingdom. So, it led to a patriarchal system, where the family head will be the male but not the women. So, from that time a theory developed that said women were very weak, feared, threatened and mentally sensitive from their birth. Later by the entry of Persian and Muslim ruler from central Asia the women were treated as the people created by the God to fulfill their sexual feelings. Then they destroyed the holy pilgrim temples, monuments, stupas by examining the term there is only God in this world but not goddesses. From that women were habituated to live in the darkness of rajmahals, forts, kitchens, etc., They were caged with the POLYGAMY, PURDHA SYSTEM, ZENANA, JAUHAR, SATI, DOWRY Systems which turns them as a playing doll in the society. But today women were the largest working force in the Nation. They turned to be a productive force for the inclusive and sustainable development of the nation. Today from school to space in each and every field the leading personalities are woman. Today in our nation there are women Politicians, Professionals, Social Workers, Scientists, Soldiers, Teachers and CEO’s. So the modern world is targeted to the women progress and empowerment. In spite of these advances there are some cases regarding women Harassment, Violence, Sexual Attempts, Discrimination, Inequalities in each and every corner of the society. It’s time to create the equal status to the women in our hearts, home, society, livelihood and representation.
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Ravichandran, Thanammal, Ramesh Kumar Perumal, Kennady Vijayalakshmy, Zoe Raw, Fiona Cooke, Isabelle Baltenweck, and Habibar Rahman. "Means of Livelihood, Clean Environment to Women Empowerment: The Multi-Faceted Role of Donkeys." Animals 13, no. 12 (June 9, 2023): 1927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13121927.
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Despite the substantial contribution donkeys make to the livelihood of the world’s poorest populations, the existence of donkeys has received little notice worldwide. This article reviews the value of donkeys in a variety of sectors, including agriculture, construction industry, and mining, as well as their role in empowering women and achieving sustainable development goals. However, donkeys and mules are not given enough credit or attention in terms of developing strategies regarding their role in reducing poverty. There is a dearth of information and statistics on their impact across industries, the factors contributing to the donkey population dropping, the socioeconomic status of the dependent communities, and related animal and human welfare issues.
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Muhammad Mumtaz Ali Khan, Mazher Hussain, and Zil e Huma Rafique. "Status of Women in Pre-Islamic Civilizations: Analytical Study of the Dark Ages -From the Ancient Greek to the Jahiliyah." STATISTICS, COMPUTING AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/scir.v3i2.119.
Full textAbstract:
Woman had no status and no rights in Pre-Islamic civilizations and religions. Before the advent of Islam, the women were no better than animals or chattels.They had no rights of earning livelihood, no rights of inheritance, and no rights of owning of property, no rights in marriage, dower or divorce, and even not tospeak of any politicalrights. They were treated like commercial goods, destined to be purchased and sold in open markets. In many regions of the world, theywere generally regarded as slaves or at the best as domestic servants whose chief duty was to serve the men and please them by satisfying their sexual appetite. The research paper in hand presents a brief study on the plight of woman in various leading civilizations and communities of the world, especially the Greek, the Roman, the Judaism, the Christianity, and the Jahiliyah.
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Arshad, Wasia, Ikram Badshah, and Abdul Raheem. "CLIMATE CHANGE IN RELATION TO FEMINIZATION OF POVERTY AND WOMEN SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS; REFLECTIONS ON THE UNEXPLORED LINK." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 02 (June 30, 2022): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i2.453.
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The present study explores the status of women occupy the state of “poorest of the poor”; often denied access to land, credit and other fundamental rights. The study employs qualitative research methods of in-depth, one to one interview. The sample distributed in 2 age groups, i.e. 11 women aged 40 to 60 and 11 women of 25 to 35 were taken to examine the trends of climate change. The results demonstrate that climate change is negatively affecting the livelihood of people, especially rural women. The study concludes that climate change is making women more vulnerable to poverty and increasing their dependency on men and proves that the effects of climatic extremes lead to women’s further subordination and marginalization. Although this research analyses the effects of climate change on women, there is a dire need to mitigate these effects in the preparedness phase of disaster management so that women's increasing vulnerability can be controlled. Keywords: Climate Change, Feminization of Poverty, Female Labor-Force Participation, Female Poverty, Economic Development,
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Johnson, Lee A., and Robert C. Tannehill. "Lilies Do Not Spin: A Challenge to Female Social Norms." New Testament Studies 56, no. 4 (September 7, 2010): 475–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688510000135.
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The saying about the birds and lilies presents a challenge to the expected domestic roles of men, in providing food, and women, in providing clothing, opening the possibility that these duties can be neglected because of a higher priority. This challenge is relevant to situations reflected in other Q texts. The challenge is a threat both to a family's livelihood and to honor status. Evidence is presented showing that spinning and weaving have special importance in cultural models of the ideal woman and contribute to a woman's honor. This evidence broadens our awareness of the potential conflict with social norms in the birds and lilies passage.
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Deepthi M, JV Muruga Lal Jeyan, and Abhinav Kumar. "Depression among Women as per Their Marital Status- An Analytical Examination." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 6, no. 5 (September 28, 2022): 790–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06i05.123.
Full textAbstract:
Women's perspectives have completely changed over the past few decades. Whereas they once thought of themselves as saleswomen entering the marketing industry and adapting the progressivepath for their livelihood, today's women see themselves as housewives caring for domestically dependent family members, giving birth to their children, and keeping themselves constantly busy. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru believed that rather than keeping them busy with home economic affairs, they should constantly be actively participating in the social and political life of the country. Depression symptoms appear when we react negatively to life's circumstances repeatedly, intensely, and frequently. Numerous situations that arise in life cause us to experience both positive and negative emotions, such as enthusiasm, irritation, fear, and happiness. Angry, depressed, happy, etc. All age groups and practically all stages of life are affected by depression. Depression symptoms can appear in people of any age, including toddlers and adults. Depending on the personality type, even modest stressors can trigger depressive symptoms. Stress and depression can create symptoms including extreme melancholy, a lack of interest in anything, difficulty getting to sleep or sleeping too much, feelings of powerlessness, and suicidal thoughts. Women have been working for about 100 years now, in fact. One of the most important issues in society is the employment of women. since women became active in society. Therefore, the focus of the current research work is on the dissatisfaction and depression experienced by married and single women.
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Dr. Deepali Bhide. "The ‘Changing Status’ of Women w.r.t. Gentrified Urban Spaces of Mumbai." Creative Launcher 6, no. 4 (October 30, 2021): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2021.6.4.12.
Full textAbstract:
Reinforcement of inequality and rise in human conflict across society, culture, political economy and gender relations is a characteristic feature of globalisation which is an apparent process of development. This inequality becomes more evident in a globalising city like Mumbai because the capitalist expansion within Mumbai has been defragmented and worrisome. Girangaon in Mumbai (spread over E, F and G wards within MCGM- Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai) is a case reflecting a similar inconsistency because this is a core area which has been undergoing so called urban renewal since the closure of cotton textile mills since 1980s. More livelihood opportunities in Mumbai have been created in the informal tertiary sector as compared to the formal traditional occupations. Urban poverty, income disparities and deprivations are issues which remain unaddressed. Women who are an important part of the urban economy and who remain behind the veils when it comes to assessment and calculation of real income are not left behind from this brunt. The present paper therefore is an attempt to understand the participation and contribution of women in Mumbai’s economy. It also tries to study whether there has been any change in the socio-economic status of women from Girangaon especially with two important processes- closure of mills and the initiation of gentrification. For this purpose a questionnaire survey was conducted in Girangaon and the collected data has been analysed qualitatively to understand the dynamics of capital and gender relations.
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Choi, Jung A., and Oksoo Kim. "Factors Influencing Unmet Healthcare Needs among Older Korean Women." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 26, 2021): 6862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136862.
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The purpose of this study was to determine factors that influence the unmet healthcare needs of older women in Korea and to examine differences in the reasons for these unmet healthcare needs according to age and residential area. We analyzed data from the 2018 Korea Community Health Survey and enrolled 42,698 older Korean women in this study. Residential area, living arrangement, income, education, basic livelihood subsidy, activity of daily living, subjective health status, hypertension and diabetes, unmet healthcare needs, and the reasons healthcare needs were not met were assessed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors that influenced unmet healthcare needs. Chi-square tests were used to identify reasons for unmet healthcare needs according to age group and residential area. Of the participants, 4151 (9.7%) reported unmet healthcare needs over the past year. The primary reason participants could not use health services was “inconvenient transportation” (38.4%), followed by “financial burden” (28.4%) and “symptoms not severe” (16.8%). There were significant differences in “financial burden”, “difficulty making appointments”, “inconvenient transportation”, and “symptoms not severe” according to both age group and residential area. Factors that influenced unmet healthcare needs were residential area, living alone, lower family income, lower educational level, basic livelihood subsidy, difficult activities of daily living, hypertension and diabetes, and poor subjective health. Older women in Korea living alone in urban and rural areas had more unmet healthcare needs of than those who lived with other people. To address the unmet healthcare needs of older Korean women, transportation and medical facilities need to be improved or established.
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Paul, Rituparna, Arunasis Goswami, and Biswajit Pal. "Effect of Socio-economic Aspects on Women Work Force Participation Level in West Bengal, India." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, no. 10 (September 13, 2023): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i102169.
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The participation of women in the workforce is crucial for the growth and development of an economy. Women contribute a significant portion of the total workforce, accounting for forty per cent. In rural India, the participation of women in the workforce is an important factor in bringing about social change. This has had a positive impact on women's empowerment and financial inclusion, as well as the overall living standards of their families. However, due to differences in cultural norms, the acceptability of women's working status varies across different regions in India. To shed light on this issue, the present study has been conducted in West Bengal state of India. Considering the regions defined by the NSSO, the study focused on five districts, one from each region, and interviewed 400 women engaged in economic activities. The results revealed that there are significant differences in livelihood opportunities across the regions. Education level is found to be a key factor in determining occupational status, job satisfaction, and decision-making power. Moreover, service is the most acceptable working status for family members of respondents. However, the study also finds that long working hours and location of work have significant impact on the acceptance level of women's working status. Socio-cultural issues are the major predictors of women's working status. To increase women's participation in the workforce and improve their working status, it is important to provide diversified working opportunities, develop need-based skills, and increase social awareness.